Engineers find solutions to problems that are important to society

Engineers find solutions to problem

Engineers find solutions to problems that are
important to society. They control and prevent
pollution, develop new medicines, create advanced
technologies and help explore new worlds.
They make the world a cleaner, safer, healthier
place by inventing, building and improving all
sorts of things from microchips to household
appliances, from skyscrapers to spacecraft

Interestingly, the word engineer does not come
from the word engine. In fact it comes from
the Latin word ingeniosus meaning skilled. An engineer is really a clever, practical problem solver. Although the fields of engineering and science
are connected, there are also differences.

While a scientist will ask why a problem occurs or happens, an engineer will want to know how to solve the problem. As one writer once said: scientists build in order to learn, whereas engineers learn in order to build.

There are all sorts of opportunities in a variety of engineering fields such as aerospace, biomedical, civil, mechanical and computer engineering. Engineers work alone or in teams, and in all
sorts of locations such as offices, factories,
research labs, outdoors, and even outer space!

Engineering has often been seen as a male profession. For example, only 9 percent of US engineers are women, while in the UK it is just over
8 percent. However, there is no reason for this: engineers are simply talented people. In fact research shows that women make the best problem solvers. So now is the time for women to engineer the future. Break the stereotype. Build a career. Sign up today!

When you
hear the word engineer, do you think of someone who is a) male?, b) boring? or
c) dirty? Or all three? Well,
time to think again. Engineers are the people who make our everyday lives easier. How many of the modern world’s greatest engineering achievements will you use today? A car, a computer, a telephone?

Инженеры найти пути решения проблем, которые
важны для общества. Они контролируют и предотвращения
загрязнения окружающей среды, разрабатывать новые лекарства, создавать передовые
технологии и помогают исследовать новые миры.
Они делают мир чище, безопаснее, здоровее
место, изобретая, строя и улучшая все
виды вещей от микрочипов до бытовой
техники, от небоскребов до космических аппаратов

Интересно, что инженер слово не приходит
от слова двигателя. На самом деле это происходит от
латинского слова ingeniosus означает специалистам. Инженер действительно умный, практичный решать проблемы. Хотя областях техники и науки
связаны, есть и различия. В

Engineers find solutions to problem

Engineers find solutions to problems that are
important to society. They control and prevent
pollution, develop new medicines, create advanced
technologies and help explore new worlds.
They make the world a cleaner, safer, healthier
place by inventing, building and improving all
sorts of things from microchips to household
appliances, from skyscrapers to spacecraft

Interestingly, the word engineer does not come
from the word engine. In fact it comes from
the Latin word ingeniosus meaning skilled. An engineer is really a clever, practical problem solver. Although the fields of engineering and science
are connected, there are also differences.

While a scientist will ask why a problem occurs or happens, an engineer will want to know how to solve the problem. As one writer once said: scientists build in order to learn, whereas engineers learn in order to build.

There are all sorts of opportunities in a variety of engineering fields such as aerospace, biomedical, civil, mechanical and computer engineering. Engineers work alone or in teams, and in all
sorts of locations such as offices, factories,
research labs, outdoors, and even outer space!

Engineering has often been seen as a male profession. For example, only 9 percent of US engineers are women, while in the UK it is just over
8 percent. However, there is no reason for this: engineers are simply talented people. In fact research shows that women make the best problem solvers. So now is the time for women to engineer the future. Break the stereotype. Build a career. Sign up today!

When you
hear the word engineer, do you think of someone who is a) male?, b) boring? or
c) dirty? Or all three? Well,
time to think again. Engineers are the people who make our everyday lives easier. How many of the modern world’s greatest engineering achievements will you use today? A car, a computer, a telephone?

Инженеры найти пути решения проблем, которые
важны для общества. Они контролируют и предотвращения
загрязнения окружающей среды, разрабатывать новые лекарства, создавать передовые
технологии и помогают исследовать новые миры.
Они делают мир чище, безопаснее, здоровее
место, изобретая, строя и улучшая все
виды вещей от микрочипов до бытовой
техники, от небоскребов до космических аппаратов

Интересно, что инженер слово не приходит
от слова двигателя. На самом деле это происходит от
латинского слова ingeniosus означает специалистам. Инженер действительно умный, практичный решать проблемы. Хотя областях техники и науки
связаны, есть и различия. В

PROBLEM-SOLVING PROCESS

Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:

Usually there may be several reasonable solutions, so engineers must (4) ___ evaluate _______the different design choices on their merits and choose the solution that best meets their requirements.

Engineers typically attempt to predict how well their designs will perform to their specifications prior to full-scale production. They use, among other things: prototypes, scale models, simulations, destructive tests, nondestructive tests, and stress tests. (5) ______ Testing ____ ensures that products will perform as expected.

Engineers as professionals take seriously their responsibility to produce designs that will perform as expected and will not cause unintended harm to the public at large. Engineers typically include a factor of safety in their designs to reduce the risk of unexpected failure. However, the greater the safety factor, the less efficient the design may be.

The study of failed products is (6) __ known ________ as forensic engineering, and can help the product designer in evaluating his or her design in the light of real conditions. This (7) ____ discipline ______ is of greatest value after disasters, such as bridge collapses, when careful analysis is needed to establish the cause or causes of the failure.

Now answer the following questions about the text:

8) What should an engineer do if there are many possible solutions for a problem?
9) How can possible solutions be evaluated?
10) Why is testing so important?
11) Does the high degree of safety always mean the efficiency of the design?

Part III

(… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)

BEING AN ENGINEER

(01:02)

PRE-LISTENING

1. How can you characterize an engineer? What kind of person is an engineer?

2. Study the following words and phrases:

‘to disassemble’, ‘to take things apart’, ‘components’, ‘to run a test’,

‘vision’, ‘inaptitude’, ‘to lead a normal life’.

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the whole video-track and answer the following questions:

3. What kind of video is this?

— a humoristic cartoon.

4. Why did they come to the doctor?

5. Was the result of a visit good? Why do you think so?

Watch the parts of the video and answer the following questions:

6. What did the child do yesterday?

7. How long did it take the child to do this?

8. What happened to the diagnostic machine?

9. Was the doctor satisfied with this?

10. What was the doctor’s diagnosis?

Watch the whole video again:

11. Fill in the gaps in the following text:

POST-LISTENING

12. What is the general idea of the track?

13. What do you think about this?

WHAT IS ENGINEERING?

(02:37)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What do engineers do in their profession? Use verbs to answer. For example – design, invent, etc…

2. What spheres of life do engineers deal with? Make a list.

3. What can a career in Engineering provide a person with?

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the parts of the video-track and answer the following questions:

4. Order the spheres of life that engineers deal with which appear in the track.

5. Compare it to your own list. What didn’t you mention? What wasn’t mentioned in the track?

6. What can a career of an engineer provide for a person according to the track?

7. Do you agree that Engineering is our future? Why?

POST-LISTENING

8. Watch the video again and try to make your own comments (you should make sentences to perform a small text about the video).

(A REAL VIDEO LECTURE)

(10:08)

PRE-LISTENING

1. What is Engineering? Is Engineering for you? Why did you choose Engineering as a profession?

2. What may a lecturer speak about in the lecture “What is Engineering”?

WHILE-LISTENING

Listen to the video a part by part without watching and answer the following questions:

3. What is the main aim of the lecture?

4. What do engineers do every day?

5. What does Engineering technology improve?

6. What can we call engineers in other words?

7. What are the attributes of a real engineer? List 10 attributes.

8. What should an engineer be able to do? (7 items)

9. What does the word “design” mean? Fill in the gaps in the explanation with the words you hear:

10. What product is it spoken about in this part?

11. What are important aspects of design? (2 aspects)

12. What are measures of product design? (3 measures)

13. What are the steps of a design process?

Now listen and watch to the parts above again and check your answers.

Watch the video and answer the question:

14. What is the idea of this part?

POST-LISTENING

Try to summarize this lecture and make a small text (15 – 18 sentences) to comment on the following:

— What is the main aim of the lecture?

— What do engineers do every day?

— What does Engineering technology improve?

— What can we call engineers in other words?

— What are the attributes of a real engineer?

— What should an engineer be able to do?

— What does the word “design” mean?

— What product is it spoken about in this part?

— What are important aspects of design?

— What are measures of product design?

— What are the steps of a design process?

Why Engineers are Becoming Increasingly Important

The importance of engineers to any society has historically been of great importance, and that trend is only likely to increase over time. Engineers and their labors are, in effect, transforming the theoretical to the practical for the betterment of all.

One of the greatest, if not the greatest engineering feat was the introduction of electricity. Its development and deployment have had an incalculable impact on our societies. Just think about how much blood, sweat, and tears have been saved since its introduction. Work has become easier and our general standards of living have risen considerably.

As our world becomes rapidly more technology dependent, the reliance on good tech will make Engineers increasingly important.

Engineer-free society

Now consider a society that is completely free of engineers. What would it look like? It’s a hard thing to picture because for as long as humans have existed, engineers (in some fashion) have also existed.

The closest we can probably think about would be a hunter-gatherer one. This society would literally be one of pure survival. There would be no innovation, no technology of any kind. As soon as one or other members of that society created a trap, a spear or improved on a technique for smashing things an engineer will have been «born».

From a scientific point of view, the entire goal of life is to survive and reproduce. Our development of tools over our entire history has been a product of those basic «commands». The conception of and development of tools of any kind has been to help our species overcome our physical limitations as an animal. They have also helped accelerate or amplify our ability to survive and thrive.

Unless we destroy our species in a nuclear armageddon, this is a trend that is highly unlikely to slow down or cease. With this in mind, engineers are going to become ever more important with time.

The importance of engineering

No country or society today would succeed without the adoption of engineering at some level. Engineering and engineers have had an enormous impact on every aspect of our modern lives.

Let’s take a closer look at a few of these.

Agriculture

Put simply, without food there would be no society. Our development by early peoples, who were engineers in effect, has enabled us to cultivate and harvest crops and rear animals. Given the importance of this sector, agriculture has a strong link with engineering. Agricultural engineering is a major field of engineering today.

It would a rare event to find a situation where machinery or other technology is not being used on a modern farm. The adoption of technology en masse has led to every increasing yields and efficiency of the production of food.

The development of fertilizers has further increased the efficiency of agriculture, most of which are the fruits of the labors of chemical engineers. Water supplies for irrigation even in very arid locations have been more or less guaranteed by other engineers. As our global population grows with time, the need for more and more food is self-evident.

Drive’s for more efficient use of land for farming and more efficient food production will become increasingly more and more important. For this reason, Engineers are increasingly more important to agriculture.

Education

Education is important for all aspects of life and society. Engineering has, in and of itself, made significant contributions to this aspect of society. From the basic teaching of the principles of engineering, the products of engineering are all around students and teachers alike.

In fact, the very building, the seats, and other teaching materials all around them would not exist without engineers and engineering. The physical buildings themselves, air conditioning, lighting and of course computers are vitally important.

As education will likely become ever more important in the future, though its format will of course change, engineers will be needed to facilitate the classrooms of the future. It is debatable whether actually physically attending a classroom or lecture hall will become extinct in favor of distant learning, but in either case, engineers skills will be needed. The future of education will make engineers increasingly important.

Health

Every aspect of our lives has the fingerprints of engineers and engineering somewhere. Healthcare is another important area. Of course, the drugs and medicines used are more the realms of medical sciences. However, the equipment used certainly wouldn’t exist without engineering.

Modern surgical theatres are jam packed with highly complex pieces of machinery to improve your chances of survival under the surgeon’s knife. That includes the knife itself. With a likely increase in the use of more and more advanced equipment in the future, it is an inevitability that engineers will become ever more important in this field too.

Robotic or automated surgery may not be that far off either. This technologies development will rely more and more on engineers rather than the doctors themselves. Perhaps, in the future, the physical act of surgery will not need the guiding hand of human doctors.

The Final Word

We have hand picked three sectors in our modern world where engineering has had a critical input. Engineering, as a profession, is of incredible importance today and has been since the beginnings of our species. The work of countless engineers over the ages has changed our lives forever. So much so it is unlikely most of could survive «in the wild.»

Our understandable addiction and reliance on technology will only ever grow and as such, the importance of Engineer will follow suit. So why are Engineers increasingly important? Because pretty much everything around us wouldn’t exist without them. This is not going to change anytime soon.

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5.Engineer-Functions & Responsibilities

ENGINEER – FUNCTIONS AND RESPONSIBILITIES

By: Iftikhar Ajmal Bhopal Year: 1984

ENGINEERING:

Engineering is the professional art of applying science to the optimum conversion of the resources of nature to benefit man. The words engineer and ingenious are derived from the same Latin root “ingenerare” meaning “to create”.

Associated with engineering is a great body of special knowledge; preparation for professional practice involves extensive training in the application of that knowledge. Engineering is an art requiring the judgment necessary to adapt knowledge to practical purposes, the imagination to conceive original solutions to problems, and the ability to predict performance and cost of new devices or processes.

The function of the scientist is to know, while that of the engineer is to do. The scientist adds to the store of verified, systematized knowledge of the physical world; the engineer brings this knowledge to bear on practical problems. Engineering is based principally on physics, chemistry & mathematics and their extensions into materials science, solid and fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, transfer and rate processes, system analysis, computer programming, electronics and optronics.

Unlike the scientists, the engineer is not free to select the problem that interests him; he must solve problems as they arise; his solution must satisfy conflicting requirements. Usually efficiency costs money; safety adds to complexity; improved performance increases weight. The engineering solution is the optimum solution, the end result that, taking many factors into account, is most desirable. It may be the cheapest for a specified level of performance, the most reliable within a given weight limit, the simplest that will satisfy certain safety requirements, or the most efficient for a given cost. In many engineering problems, the social costs are significant.

Engineers employ two types of natural resources – materials and energy. Since most resources are limited, the engineer must concern himself with the continual development of new resources as well as the efficient utilization of existing ones. The results of engineering activities contribute to the welfare of man by furnishing food, shelter, and comfort; by making work, transportation and communication easier and safer; and by making life pleasant and satisfying.

ENGINEERING FUNCTIONS:

The branches indicate what the engineer works with; the functions describe what he does. In order of decreasing emphasis on science, the major functions of all engineering branches are the following:

Research. The research engineer seeks new principles and processes by employing mathematical and scientific concepts, experimental techniques, and inductive reasoning.

Development. The development engineer applies the results of research to useful purposes. Ingenious and creative application of new knowledge may result in a working model of a new electronics circuit, a chemical process, an industrial machine, or a gadget of optronics.

Design. In designing a structure or a product, the engineer selects methods, specifies materials, and determines shapes to satisfy technical requirements and to meet performance specification.

Construction. The construction engineer is responsible for preparing the site, determining procedures that will economically and safely yield the desired quality, directing the placement of materials, and organizing the personnel and equipment.

Production. Plant layout and equipment selection, with consideration of human and economic factors, is the responsibility of the production engineer. He chooses processes and tools, integrates the flow of materials and components, and provides for testing and inspection.

Operation. The operating engineer controls machines, plants, and organizations providing power, transportation, and communication. He determines procedures and supervises personnel to obtain reliable and economic operation of complex equipment.

Management and other functions. In some countries (U.S.A.,Japan, etc) and industries, engineers analyze customer requirements, recommend units to satisfy needs economically, and resolve related problems. In some industries, too, engineers decide how assets are to be used.

ENGINEERING EDUCATION:

An engineer must study sciences and their application, resources and their conversion, and man and his needs. The first stage of professional preparation is usually a collage degree, but in the present-day-world, where rapid change is the rules, learning must be continuous.

Undergraduate Curriculum. The integrated undergraduate engineering program, developed primarily in Europe and the U.S. over the past century, provides the basic education for entrance into the profession. It provides opportunities for students to master important concepts; to become adept in powerful techniques; to develop creative approaches to problem solving; and to become skillful in oral, written, graphic, and mathematical communication. By integrating the study of humanities, social sciences, mathematics, physical sciences, and technology and by providing experience in analysis, synthesis, and experimentation, the undergraduate engineering program offers a modern liberal education.

The typical curriculum leading to the bachelor’s degree is defined by series of courses.. General, education is provided by a pattern of courses selected, from the humanities and social sciences. Basic science education includes mathematics, physics, computer programming, and often statistics, chemistry, and biology. Engineering sciences include materials, mechanics, thermodynamics, transfer and rate processes, electrical science, electronics, and information processing.

The combination of general education with basic and engineering science may provide the common preparations for all engineering students at a given institution. Specialization to meet the needs and interests of individuals is offered through majors or options — combinations of courses to provide depth in a specific branch or function.

Graduate Study. More and more engineers in the U.S.A., U.S.S.R., Japan and other countries hold advanced degrees. In engineering, graduate study is characterized by highly sophisticated concepts, more advanced mathematics, greater depth in special topics, more opportunity for individual work, and less dependence on formal courses.

Modern trends. Early engineers were trained by apprenticeship to a skilled practitioner. As the body of knowledge gained by observation, testing, and research increased, organized programmes of study were initiated in established institutions. Following World War—Il, new trends became apparent, the result of the rapidly growing body of theoretical knowledge. Greater emphasis was placed on mathematics, physical science, and the engineering science. The current trend is toward more basic and less applied courses, greater use of computers and probability theory, and, at least in some countries, additional humanities and social sciences.

ENGINEERING RESPONSIBILITIES.

One activity common to all engineering work is problem solution. The problem may involve quantitative or qualitative factors; it may be physical or economic; it may require abstract mathematics or common sense. Of great importance is the process of creative synthesis or design, putting ideas together to create a new and optimum solution of the problem. Since the engineer functions at the socio-technological “interface” (with science and technology on one side and individuals and communities on the other), he bears a unique responsibility to decide on priorities, establish performance criteria, select materials and processes, and specify evaluation procedures.

Problem solution. Although engineering problems vary greatly in scope and complexity, the same general approach is applicable. First comes an analysis of the overall situation and a preliminary decision on a plan of attack. In line with this plan, the usually broad and vague problem is reduced to a more categorical question that can be clearly stated. The stated question is then answered by deductive reasoning from known principles or by creative synthesis, as in a new design. The answer or design is always checked for accuracy and adequacy. Finally, the results for the simplified problem as stated are interpreted in terms of the original problem and reported in an appropriate form.

In his search for solutions to problems, especially new problems, the engineer is in conflict with a rather intractable environment and often in competition with predecessors who tried and failed and with contemporary rivals who are trying to solve the same problem. His success depends on ability to create a new idea, a new device, a new process, or a new material.

Decision making. The engineer not only makes technological advances available to man but also may be charged with the responsibility to see that such advances do indeed enhance the welfare of man. By virtue of his knowledge, his skill, and his unique role in society, the engineer must concern himself with the results of technological progress such as its effect on the physical environment and its social and economic impact. A successful engineer is prepared for decision making on complex problems in broad areas. He is skilled in the use of sophisticated tools and creative in the development of new techniques. He has the vision to conceive vast projects, the talent to analyze them as integrated man-machine-environment systems, and the ability to predict their technical performance and their human impact.