A pristine natural area is one that

(Росдистант Английский) A pristine natural area is one that … (Решение → 11655)

A pristine natural area is one that …

Выберите один ответ:

has many facilities such as hotels

is clean and unspoiled

is rich in minerals and other resources

© Библиотека Ирины Эланс

Библиотека Ирины Эланс, основана как общедоступная библиотека в интернете. Онлайн-библиотеке академических ресурсов от Ирины Эланс доверяют студенты со всей России.

Библиотека Ирины Эланс

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II. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below with one of these words or phrases taken from the reading

I. Answer these multiple-choice questions to see how well you understood the reading.

Exercises

1. What does the author find surprising about globalization?

(A) That it is such a controversial topic

(B) That some people oppose it

(C) That most people do not agree on what the word means

(D) That it refers to both the movement of people and of information

2. Which of these questions can not be answered about the A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy study with information from the reading?

(A) Which nation was the most globalized nation last year?

(B) This year, which nation placed last among the top twenty?

(C) Which country is the least globalized nation this year?

(D) Which country placed second on the list this year?

3. Where did the first major protest against globalization take place?

4. According to the reading, who are the most radical type of antiglobalizationist?

(A) Fair globalizationists

(D) Anticorporate globalizationists

5. What kind of country is Poland an example of?

(A) A country that has tried to become more globalized

(B) A country that has survived an economic meltdown

(C) A country that has become fully globalized

(D) A country that has rejected globalization

6. What have some countries learned about the «pristine natural areas»?

(A) They can serve as an attraction for tourists.

(B) They would be good sites for modern factories.

(C) They show that pollution is not as serious as once thought.

(D) They have been popularized by the global media.

7. According to the reading, how many of the world’s top 100 economies belong to corporations, not countries?

8. Why does the author mention Jose Bove?

(A) Because he is an antiglobalizationist who became a globalizationist

(B) Because of his symbolic attack against a global fast-food corporation

(C) Because he sells his farm products to fast-food chains

(D) Because his farm is a model for global competitiveness

1) Until recently, the university’s rules against smoking in the dormitories and classroom buildings were quite ____________________ and were seldom enforced. But last year, the university senate passed some new, strict regulations, and the campus police cracked down on smokers.

2) The school has just installed modern video facilities and a brand-new ____________________ computer lab.

3) Professor Bonetti thought that the small college town would be a ____________________ place to live, but in fact, he found it quite cosmopolitan.

4) Animal rights activists feel strongly that people should not wear coats made from animal fur. In protest, ____________________ activists have been known to spray paint on fur coats and break into clothing factories.

5) Xenophobia means a dislike of foreigners. Xenophobes view all people from other countries with distrust and ____________________.

6) Ten years ago, this beach was in ____________________ condition. Now it’s often covered with litter, and sometimes the water is polluted.

7) when we suddenly heard a

8) Our chemistry class was ____________________ when he suddenly heard a loud noise. We ran out in the hallway. It was full of smoke, and we all had to leave the building.

9) Pigments are chemicals that provide color. The pigments in a can of paint must be mixed ____________________ with the medium in which they are suspended. Otherwise, the color of paint at the top of the can will not b the same color as the paint near the bottom of the can.

10) Argentina has welcomed from Ireland, Germany, Britain, Italy, Japan, and other countries as well.

12) In the final round of competition at the Asia Games, the volleyball team from Korea ____________________ the team from India in a very close match.

13) According to a recent ____________________, more people watch television on Sunday night than on any other night.

III. These statements come from the reading «Globalization and Antiglobalization». Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow.

Most experts agree that it refers to the increasing integration of economies around the world, especially through international trade and the flow of money across borders.

1. The increasing integration of economies means that economies are …

(A) becoming more unified and dependent on one another.

(B) growing rapidly in size and strength.

(C) becoming more complicated and less controllable.

It was slowed by economic meltdowns in Korea, Brazil, Russia, Mexico, Thailand, and elsewhere, and by terrorism, but it still goes on.

2. Another term for meltdowns is …

Second, the process has not spread evenly throughout the world.

3. A word that could be used in place of evenly without changing the meaning of the statement is …

This year, Ireland edged out Singapore as the most globalized country.

4. If one country edged out another country, it …

(A) had good relations with the other country.

(B) replaced the other country at the top of the list.

(C) was ranked almost as high as the other country.

Defenders of globalization believe that it is the key to international peace and prosperity. They want to create a borderless world, and they want to remove as many stumbling blocks to globalization as possible. However, opponents view it with fear and hostility.

5. Find the word that is an antonym of defenders.

6. A word with the same meaning as stumbling blocks is …

Beginning with the protests at the WTO meeting in Seattle in 1999, also known as «the battle of Seattle,» militant demonstrations have been held in Prague, Quebec City, Genoa, and other cities.

7. Find the word that has the same meaning as demonstrations.

Some radical antiglobalizationists, called «localists,» believe that international trade and activity should be greatly curtailed and that power should be returned to the national, regional, and local level. Most antiglobalizationists are more moderate, however, and consider the localists’ view provincial.

8. Find the word that is opposite in meaning to radical.

9. Curtailed means …

International companies take advantage of lax labor laws in developing countries, the labor leaders say, and these companies pay low wages and force workers – including children – to work long hours in unsafe, miserable conditions.

10. Lax laws are …

Globalizationists, on the other hand, argue that international corporations generally use state-of-the-art, computer-regulated technology in their factories and are therefore less polluting than locally owned factories.

11. When technology is state-of-the-art, it is …

(C) hard to handle.

The people of many nations are unwilling to tolerate environmental destruction for the sake of development. Costa Rica, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and other countries have learned that pristine natural areas attract tourism.

12. A pristine natural area is one that …

(A) is rich in minerals and other resources.

(B) has many facilities such as hotels.

(C) is clean and unspoiled.

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ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК 2 (ИТОГОВЫЙ ТЕСТ)

17 вопросов с правильными ответами (ВСЕ вопросы, которые встречаются в данном тесте)

A pristine natural area is one that …Выберите один ответ:has many facilities such as hotelsis clean and unspoiledis rich in minerals and other resources A word that could be used

A pristine natural area is one that …

Выберите один ответ:

has many facilities such as hotels

is clean and unspoiled

is rich in minerals and other resources

A word that could be used in place of evenly without changing the meaning of the statement is …

Выберите один ответ:

A word with the same meaning as stumbling blocks is …

Выберите один ответ:

Another term for meltdowns is …

Выберите один ответ:

Curtailed means …

Выберите один ответ:

If a problem such as traffic jams is chronic, it …

Выберите один ответ:

can never be fixed

is serious for a short time

occurs again and again

If an airbag deploys too vigorously, it opens …

Выберите один ответ:

with too much force

If one country edged out another country, it …

Выберите один ответ:

was ranked almost as high as the other country

replaced the other country at the top of the list

had good relations with the other country

Lax laws are …

Выберите один ответ:

Match the numbers to the letters.

on the other hand

· быть против, возражать

· с другой стороны; зато

· мир, не имеющий границ

Match the numbers to the letters.

· большая дорога, магистраль

· пробка на дороге

· сверхскоростной пассажирский экспресс

Monitoring means …

Выберите один ответ:

The severity of an impact refers to its …

Выберите один ответ:

The word warped means …

Выберите один ответ:

cold and unemotional

informed and precise

distorted and inaccurate

These statements come from the readings «Smart Cars, Intelligent Highways» and «Globalization and Antiglobalization». Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow. The increasing integration of economies means that economies are …

Выберите один ответ:

growing rapidly in size and strength

becoming more complicated and less controllable

becoming more unified and dependent on one another

What kind of car is a high-end car?

Выберите один ответ:

A fast, sporty car

One with large rear wheels

An expensive, luxury model

When technology is state-of-the-art, it is …

Выберите один ответ:

© Библиотека Ирины Эланс

Библиотека Ирины Эланс, основана как общедоступная библиотека в интернете. Онлайн-библиотеке академических ресурсов от Ирины Эланс доверяют студенты со всей России.

Библиотека Ирины Эланс

Полное или частичное копирование материалов разрешается только с указанием активной ссылки на сайт:

Ирина Эланс открыла библиотеку в 2007 году.

II. Match the numbers to the letters

I. Match the letters finding the equivalents.

1. avoid accident ______ 1) большая дорога, магистраль

2. avoid collision ______ 2) взвод, очередь

3. blend ______ 3) горловое пение

4. boost ______ 4) вид

5. braking system ______ 5) вычислительная мощность

6. bullet train ______ 6) габаритный задний фонарь

7. cell phone ______ 7) засекать цель

8. chant ______ 8) влияние, действие

9. computing power ______ 9) избежать аварии

10. cosmopolitan ______ 10) внеземной

11. decipher ______ 11) избежать столкновения

12. dedicate ______ 12) главнейший

13. diversity ______ 13) гром

14. empress ______ 14) жанр

15. establish ______ 15) запись

16. extraterrestrial ______ 16) императрица

17. folk ______ 17) интеллект, рассудок

18. front fender ______ 18) приспособление, наворот

19. fuel consumption ______ 19) переднее крыло

20. gadget ______ 20) «помогите» (международный

21. generic ______ 21) кит

22. genre ______ 22) многонациональный

23. highway ______ 23) пробка на дороге

24. influence ______ 24) многообразие

25. intelligence ______ 25) народный

26. mayday ______ 26) «пробка», затор (в уличном

27. merge ______ 27) обряд, церемония

28. participant ______ 28) песнопение; хорал

29. percussion ______ 29) поддержка; рекламирование

30. perform ______ 30) посвящать

31. pinpoint ______ 31) раскодировать, понимать

32. pivotal ______ 32) представлять; играть

33. platoon ______ 33) расход горючего

34. record ______ 34) различный, разный

35. reggae ______ 35) регги

36. rite ______ 36) родовой

37. species ______ 37) смешивать

38. tailgate ______ 38) сверхскоростной пассажирский

39. taillight ______ 39) следовать вплотную

40. throat singing ______ 40) соединяться

41. thunder ______ 41) ударные инструменты

42. traffic congestion ______ 42) сотовый телефон

43. traffic jam ______ 43) транспортное средство

44. various ______ 44) участник

45. vehicle ______ 45) тормозная система

46. whale ______ 46) учреждать

1. amateur player ______ 1) атаковать

2. borderless world ______ 2) в защиту, в поддержку

3. borrow from ______ 3) близко к пенсии

4. catch on ______ 4) боевое искусство

against ______ 5) завоевать популярность;

6. curtail ______ 6) современное положение дел,

7. diplomatic feat ______ 7) дипломатическое искусство

8. disrupt ______ 8) всемирное объединение

9. edge out ______ 9) вытеснять

10. for the sake of ______ 10) процветание

11. furthermore ______ 11) показывать

12. get rid of ______ 12) иметь в виду, запоминать

13. global integration ______ 13) избавиться, отделаться от

14. have-not ______ 14) камень преткновения

15. impact on ______ 15) завлеченный прибыльным

16. in favour ______ 16) катастрофа; крах

17. keep in mind ______ 17) мир, не имеющий границ

18. lured by lucrative

contract ______ 18) заимствовать, перенимать

19. martial art ______ 19) изначально известный

20. meltdown ______ 20) неимущий; бедный

21. mend relations

between ______ 21) любитель, непрофессионал

22. moderate ______ 22) к тому же, кроме того

23. near retirement ______ 23) эксперт

24. observer ______ 24) игрок обороняющейся команды

25. on the other hand ______ 25) программа переподготовки

26. oppose быть ______ 26) быть против, возражать

27. originally known as______ 27) повлиять на что-л.

28. pitcher ______ 28) прививаться

29. point out ______ 29) ради, из-за

30. precise definition ______ 30) разрывать, разрушать

31. prosperity ______ 31) с другой стороны; зато

32. rank with ______ 32) соперничающий против

33. retraining program ______ 33) сокращать, уменьшать

34. state-of-the-art ______ 34) точное определение

35. strike out ______ 35) стоять в (одном) ряду

36. stumbling block ______ 36) человек, придерживающийся

37. take root in ______ 37) улучшать взаимоотношения

38. turmoil ______ 38) шум, беспорядок

III. These statements come from the readings «The World of World Music», «J-Ball», «Smart Cars, Intelligent Highways» and «Globalization and Antiglobalization». Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow.

1. A generic name is a …

(C) name that is hard to forget.

2. A rival league is …

(A) a competing one.

(B) a successful one.

3. A revered player is …

(A) tremendously talented.

(B) very well-paid.

(C) greatly admired.

4. The word cosmopolitan has about the same meaning as …

5. If artists have gotten a boost from Western musicians, they have …

(A) been strongly influenced by those musicians.

(B) received support from those musicians.

(C) worked closely with those musicians.

6. Haunting music is …

7. Write down the word that has about the same meaning as the term backed up.

8. Write down the word that has the same meaning as genre.

9. Something has taken root when it …

(A) has become established.

(B) first appears.

(C) has become less popular.

10. Diverse is close in meaning to the word …

11. The phrase on the heels of is another way to say …

12. The word prosperity means …

(A) wealth and good economic conditions.

(B) power and prestige.

(C) excellence and good training.

13. The Giants won nine consecutive series. This means that …

(A) all of the series were very exciting.

(B) the Giants won all of the series quite easily.

(C) the Giants won nine series in a row.

14. A synonym of mend is …

15. A lucrative contract is a …

(A) profitable one.

(C) complicated one.

16. If something is defunct, it is …

(A) completely forgotten.

(B) no longer in existence.

(C) not as important as it used to be.

17. The increasing integration of economies means that economies are …

(A) becoming more unified and dependent on one another.

(B) growing rapidly in size and strength.

(C) becoming more complicated and less controllable.

18. If one country edged out another country, it …

(A) had good relations with the other country.

(B) replaced the other country at the top of the list.

(C) was ranked almost as high as the other country.

19. Monitoring means …

20. What kind of car is a high-end car?

(A) An expensive, luxury model

(B) A fast, sporty car

(C) One with large rear wheels

21. The severity of an impact refers to its …

22. If an airbag deploys too vigorously, it opens …

(A) with too much force.

23. A word that could be used in place of evenly without changing the meaning of the statement is …

24. Another term for meltdowns is …

25. If a problem such as traffic jams is chronic, it …

(A) is serious for a short time.

(B) can never be fixed.

(C) occurs again and again.

26. Curtailed means …

27. The word warped means …

(A) informed and precise.

(B) distorted and inaccurate.

(C) cold and unemotional.

28. A pristine natural area is one that …

(A) is rich in minerals and other resources.

(B) has many facilities such as hotels.

(C) is clean and unspoiled.

29. A word with the same meaning as stumbling blocks is …

30. Lax laws are …

31. When technology is state-of-the-art, it is …

I. Match the numbers to the letters

I Match the numbers to the letters finding the equivalents.

1. accurate ______ a) смешивать

2. agreement ______ b) родовой

3. avoid accident ______ c) большая дорога, магистраль

4. avoid collision ______ d) неизбежность

5. axis ______ e) участник

6. blend ______ f) соединяться

7. booster ______ g) соглашение

8. braking system ______ h) вычислительная мощность

9. bullet train ______ i) ось

10. cell phone ______ j) тормозная система

11. chant ______ k) учреждать

12. computing power ______ l) избежать аварии

13. cosmopolitan ______ m) внеземной

14. decipher ______ n) избежать столкновения

15. dedicate ______ o) стартовый ускоритель

16. empress ______ p) жанр

17. establish ______ q) расход горючего

18. extraterrestrial ______ r) императрица

19. folk ______ s) интеллект, рассудок

20. front fender ______ t) приспособление, наворот

21. fuel consumption ______ u) переднее крыло

22. gadget ______ v) «помогите» (международный

23. generic ______ w) мобильный телефон

24. genre ______ x) многонациональный

25. highway ______ y) влияние; воздействие

26. influence ______ z) раскодировать, понимать

27. intelligence ______ aa) народный

28. inevitability ______ bb) правильный, точный

29. mayday ______ cc) посвящать

30. merge ______ dd) ударные инструменты

31. participant ______ ee) песнопение; хорал

32. percussion ______ ff) представлять; играть

33. perform ______ gg) сверхскоростной пассажирский

1. according to ______ 1) повлиять на что-л.

2. amateur player ______ 2) изумительный

3. anticipated lifetime______ 3) разрывать, разрушать

4. astonishing ______ 4) завоевать популярность

5. blueprint ______ 5) рабочий экипаж

6. borderless world ______ 6) в защиту, в поддержку

7. borrow from ______ 7) непрерывное появление

8. catch on ______ 8) избавиться, отделаться от

9. chastise ______ 9) сокращать, уменьшать

10. chorus ______ 10) соперничающий против

11. come true ______ 11) обанкротиться

12. company lawyer ______ 12) любитель, непрофессионал

14. continued appearance 14) юрисконсульт компании

15. curtail ______ 15) к тому же, кроме того

16. decide on ______ 16) план

17. diplomatic feat ______ 17) сконструированный кем-либо

18. designed by ______ 18) осуществляться

19. disrupt ______ 19) мир, не имеющий границ

20. edge out ______ 20) заимствовать, перенимать

21. evolve ______ 2l) принимать решение

22. famed entrepreneur______ 22) всемирное объединение

23. filter out ______ 23) мировой рынок

24. for the sake of ______ 24) известный предприниматель

25. full-time crew ______ 25) подключать(свет, газ)

26. furthermore ______ 26) ожидаемый срок службы

27. get rid of ______ 27) в соответствии с; согласно

28. global integration ______ 28) вытеснять

29. global market ______ 29) хор, певческий коллектив

30. go bankrupt ______ 30) подвергать наказанию

31. hook up ______ 31) эволюционировать

32. impact on ______ 32) дипломатическое искусство

33. in favour ______ 33) не обращать внимания

III. These statements come from the readings «The World of World Music», «J-Ball», «Smart Cars, Intelligent Highways», «Globalization and Antiglobalization», «Oases in Space», «The Name Game», «Internet Milestones» and «Vanishing Languages». Read each statement and then answer the questions that follow.

1. A generic name is a …

(C) name that is hard to forget.

2. A rival league is …

(A) a competing one.

(B) a successful one.

3. A revered player is …

(A) tremendously talented.

(B) very well-paid.

(C) greatly admired.

4. The word cosmopolitan has about the same meaning as …

5. If artists have gotten a boost from Western musicians, they have …

(A) been strongly influenced by those musicians.

(B) received support from those musicians.

(C) worked closely with those musicians.

6. Haunting music is …

7. Write down the word that has about the same meaning as the term backed up.

8. Write down the word that has the same meaning as genre.

9. Something has taken root when it …

(A) has become established.

(B) first appears.

(C) has become less popular.

10. Diverse is close in meaning to the word …

11. The phrase on the heels of is another way to say …

12. The word prosperity means …

(A) wealth and good economic conditions.

(B) power and prestige.

(C) excellence and good training.

13. The Giants won nine consecutive series. This means that …

(A) all of the series were very exciting.

(B) the Giants won all of the series quite easily.

(C) the Giants won nine series in a row.

14. A synonym of mend is …

15. A lucrative contract is a …

(A) profitable one.

(C) complicated one.

16. If something is defunct, it is …

(A) completely forgotten.

(B) no longer in existence.

(C) not as important as it used to be.

17. The increasing integration of economies means that economies are …

(A) becoming more unified and dependent on one another.

(B) growing rapidly in size and strength.

(C) becoming more complicated and less controllable.

18. If one country edged out another country, it …

(A) had good relations with the other country.

(B) replaced the other country at the top of the list.

(C) was ranked almost as high as the other country.

19. Monitoring means …

20. What kind of car is a high-end car?

(A) An expensive, luxury model

(B) A fast, sporty car

(C) One with large rear wheels

21. The severity of an impact refers to its …

22. If an airbag deploys too vigorously, it opens …

(A) with too much force.

23. A word that could be used in place of evenly without changing the meaning of the statement is …

24. Another term for meltdowns is …

25. If a problem such as traffic jams is chronic, it …

(A) is serious for a short time.

(B) can never be fixed.

(C) occurs again and again.

26. Curtailed means …

27. The word warped means …

(A) informed and precise.

(B) distorted and inaccurate.

(C) cold and unemotional.

28. A pristine natural area is one that …

(A) is rich in minerals and other resources.

(B) has many facilities such as hotels.

(C) is clean and unspoiled.

29. A word with the same meaning as stumbling blocks is …

30. Lax laws are …

V. These extracts come from the readings «The World of World Music», «J-Ball», «Smart Cars, Intelligent Highways», «Globalization and Antiglobalization», «Oases in Space», «The Name Game», «Internet Milestones» and «Vanishing Languages». Read each passage and then translate it into Russian.

1) World Music has even traveled into space. In 1972, the Voyager 2 spacecraft was being prepared for a journey that would eventually take it out of the solar system. NASA decided that the space probe should carry a 12-inch, gold-plated copper disk containing sounds and images that would introduce our species to an extraterrestrial intelligence that might someday find it. A committee led by the noted space scientist Carl Sagan of Cornell University chose the contents for the «golden record.» Some of the recording was of natural, nonmusical sounds: thunder, surf, wind, the cries of birds, whales, and other animals. Some was spoken: recorded greetings in 122 75 languages. Most of the recording, however, was dedicated to music. Classical music was represented by Bach, Beethoven, and Mozart. Jazz was represented by Louis Armstrong, rock and roll by Chuck Berry. The greatest part of the music, though, was selections of what would today be considered traditional forms of world music. There was music played by an Indonesian orchestra, the music played at Pygmy initiation rites for girls, the house-building songs sung by men in New Guinea, and the night chants of the Navajo Indians. Scientists preparing Voyager 2 for its journey through the solar system wanted to portray the diversity of life and culture on our planet. As artists and followers of the genre know, World Music does exactly that.

2) Baseball is one of the most widely watched and played sports in the world, ranking with football (soccer) and basketball in terms of the number of countries in which it is played and the number of people who take part in the game. The game – originally known as «townball» – developed in the early nineteenth century in the northeastern United States. It borrowed from the English games of cricket and rounders, and from children’s games such as «one old cat». In the 1840s, Alexander Cartwright standardized the field dimensions in use today. In 1858, sportswriter Henry Chadwick wrote the first rule book. Union soldiers helped spread the popularity of the game during the Civil War (1861-1865). Then, in 1869, baseball’s first professional team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, was organized. The National League was established in 1876, the rival American League in 1901. The first World Series was played between the Pittsburgh Pirates, the champions of the National League, and the Boston Pilgrims, American League champions, in 1903. Baseball had become «the national pastime» of the United States.

3) Cars today are smart. No, they may not be smart enough to change their own oil or find the lost coins in their seats, but they are smart and getting smarter. The average car today has more computing power than the 1969 Apollo 11 spacecraft that carried the first astronauts to the moon. Every car produced today has at least one computer for monitoring fuel consumption and pollution controls. The average car uses twelve computerized devices, and high-end cars have many more, controlling everything from the sunroof to the braking system. In the near future, cars may be virtually stuffed with computer chips from front fender to taillight. That’s because motorists enjoy computerized gadgets, and providing these 10 little devices is cheaper for automakers than building a better engine or making other engineering changes that might actually be more important.

4) Many environmental organizations also oppose globalization. They say that environmental laws in developing countries are likely to be weaker than those in industrialized countries. They believe international corporations use the air and water of developing nations to get rid of toxic materials. Globalizationists, on the other hand, argue that international corporations generally use state-of-the-art, computer-regulated technology in their factories and are therefore less polluting than locally owned factories. Furthermore, they point out, there has been an increased awareness of environmental issues around the world, spread by global media. The people of many nations are unwilling to tolerate environmental destruction for the sake of development. Costa Rica, South Africa, Sri Lanka, and other countries have learned that pristine natural areas attract tourism.

5) Several types of Lagrange stations were designed by the United States. Island 3, also known as the Sunflower Design or the O’Neill Cylinder, was the most ambitious design. It consisted of a huge cylindrical structure 36 kilometers long and 6.3 kilometers in diameter. The interior surface of the cylinder could be landscaped with features such as lakes, waterfalls, forests, and mountains. It could house up to a million inhabitants who would live in towns and villages set in a parklike environment. The cylinder would spin on its axis, creating «gravity», and it would be so large that it would generate its own weather. Inhabitants and tourists could enjoy such unique recreational opportunities as zero-gravity «flying» at the center of the cylinder.

6) Each year, business executives around the world struggle to find original and catchy names for their companies and their companies’ products. According to business experts, these decisions are among the most important decisions that firms ever make. A name is the first point of contact that a company has with the world, and it can be an effective marketing tool. And respected names have value. When a company is sold, there is often a fee for transferring the company name to the new owners. The rights to the names Indian Motorcycles and Pan Am Airlines were sold years after those companies went bankrupt. Names are so important that some companies hire special naming firms that develop a list of names, test them at focus groups, screen them to be sure they are available, and then trademark the final selections. How do firms decide on names? Here are a few of the ways companies play the name game:

7) Language is the keystone of culture. A common language serves to bind the people in a society together, and a language reflects the history and dreams of its speakers. A Welsh proverb says that «A nation without a language is a nation without a heart». Yet many of the languages spoken today are disappearing. The world is in danger of losing much of its linguistic diversity. A small number of languages predominate; almost 50% of the people of the world speak one of only six languages: Mandarin Chinese, English, Hindustani, Spanish, Russian, and Arabic. About 95% of the world’s languages are spoken by only 5% of the world’s population.

8) One of the most important components of the Internet is the World Wide Web. The web is a system of Internet servers that support documents called web pages. These documents are formatted in a special script called HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) that allows one document to be linked to another. These files can support text, graphics, sounds, and video. Users can jump from one page to another by simply clicking on a hyperlink. Millions of companies, organizations, and individuals have developed websites to advertise products or share information. Web browsers such as Microsoft’s Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator allow users to find web sites they are interested in and to visit those sites – to «surf the web», in other words

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