Ann begged me not to tell her father what earlier that day
Ann begged me not to tell her father what earlier that day
Тест «Согласование времен / Sequence of Tenses» по английскому языку
Когда в товарищах согласия нет, На лад их дело не пойдет, И выйдет из него не дело, только мука. Однажды Past Simple, Past Continuous и другие представители флоры и фауны английского языка встречаются в одном предложении нашей речи. И что тогда делать?
Согласование времен в английском языке (Sequence of Tenses) очень тесно связано с косвенной речью в английском языке (Reported Speech). Правила согласования времен в английском языке вступают в силу, если сказуемое в главном предложении выражено одной из форм прошедшего времени. В данном случае правила согласования времен соблюдаются практически всегда.
Если действия в главном и придаточном предложениях происходят одновременно, то для сказуемого в придаточном предложении необходимы формы прошедшего простого (Past Simple) или прошедшего длительного (Past Continuous) времен. Тип прошедшего времени в главном предложении в данном случае неважен. We saw that he was dancing with this girl.
Если действие в придаточном предложении предшествует действию в главном предложении, то в придаточном предложении мы используем прошедшее совершенное (Past Perfect) или прошедшее совершенно-длительное время (Past Perfect Continuous). Mother said that uncle Tom had come to visit us several days before.
Если действие в придаточном предложении имеет отношение к будущему времени, то мы употребляем сказуемое в этом же предложении в форме простого или продолженного будущего в прошедшем, так называемое Future in the Past, или в другой форме выражения будущего времени. He knew that she would marry this man undoubtedly.
Давайте поможем капризным временам английского достичь согласия. Они нуждаются в этом в данном тесте 
Оценочные средства для текущего контроля успеваемости, промежуточной аттестации по итогам освоения дисциплины и учебно-методическое обеспечение самостоятельной работы студентов
Методическое обеспечение и контроль самостоятельной работы студентов.
Разработка комплекса методического обеспечения учебного процесса является важнейшим условием эффективности самостоятельной работы студентов, которое позволяет организовать проблемное обучение, в котором студент является равноправным участником учебного процесса.
Результативность самостоятельной работы студентов во многом определяется наличием активных методов ее контроля, среди которых выделяют:
— входной контроль знаний и умений студентов при начале изучения очередной дисциплины;
— текущий контроль, то есть регулярное отслеживание уровня усвоения материала на лекциях, практических и лабораторных занятиях;
— промежуточный контроль по окончании изучения раздела или модуля курса;
— самоконтроль, осуществляемый студентом в процессе изучения дисциплины при подготовке к контрольным мероприятиям;
— итоговый контроль по дисциплине в виде зачета или экзамена;
— контроль остаточных знаний и умений спустя определенное время после завершения изучения дисциплины.
Весьма полезным, на наш взгляд, может быть тестовый контроль знаний и умений студентов, который отличается объективностью, экономит время преподавателя, в значительной мере освобождает его от рутинной работы и позволяет в большей степени сосредоточиться на творческой части преподавания. Этот метод обладает высокой степенью дифференциации испытуемых по уровню знаний и умений и очень эффективен при реализации рейтинговых систем, дает возможность в значительной мере индивидуализировать процесс обучения путем подбора индивидуальных заданий для практических занятий, индивидуальной и самостоятельной работы, позволяет прогнозировать темпы и результативность обучения каждого студента.
Тестирование помогает преподавателю выявить структуру знаний студентов и на этой основе переоценить методические подходы к обучению по дисциплине, индивидуализировать процесс обучения.
Тест 1. (Примерное задание)
Выберите нужную степень сравнения прилагательного.
handsome / more handsome / the most handsome
long / longer / the longest
close / closer / the closest
heavy / heavier / the heaviest
strong / stronger / the strongest
small / smaller / the smallest
good / better / the best
lonely / more lonely / the most lonely
dear / dearer / the dearest
near / nearer / the nearest
Тест 2. (Примерное задание)
Выберите правильный вариант.
are speaking/is speaking/speaks
learning/are learning/is learning
are speaking/speak/is speaking
am speaking/speak/is speaking
Тест 3. (Примерное задание)
Выберите правильный вариант.
1. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. Someone has taken my dictionary!
b. Someone has been taking my dictionary!
2. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. I’ve had piano lessons for over 10 years and I’m still not very good.
b. I’ve been having piano lessons for over 10 years and I’m still not very good.
3. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. I ’ve worked in the garden all day and now I ’m tired.
b. I ’ve been working in the garden all day and now I ’m tired.
4. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
5. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
6. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. What have you done? You’re all wet.
b. What have you been doing? You’re all wet.
7. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. They have built the new road around the school for more than a year.
b. They have been building the new road around the school for more than a year.
8. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. How many biscuits have you eaten?
b. How many biscuits have you been eating?
9. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. Has the film started yet?
b. Has the film been starting yet?
10. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely?
a. He’s put on a lot of weight since he came to Germany.
b. He’s been putting on a lot of weight since he came to Germany.
Тест 4. (Примерное задание)
Выберите правильный вариант.
have been arrested / have arrested / was arrested
is being founded / had been founded / was founded
finish / have finished / be finished
were enrolled / are enrolled / has been enrolled
built / was built / has built
caused / are caused / have been caused
was built / built / have built
show / are shown / have been shown
was stolen / has been stolen / had been stolen
Тест 5. (Примерное задание)
Выберите правильный вариант.
to turn / to be turning / to have turned / to have been turned
to order / to be ordered / to have ordered / to have been ordered
to lend / to be lending / to have lent / to be lent
to have been doing / to be doing / to have done / to do
to tell / to be told / to have been told / to have told
be repairing / have been repairing / repair / have repaird
to cover / to be covering / to have covered / to have been covering
to find / to have found / to be finding / to have been finding
keep / be kept / be keeping / have kept
to make / to be made / to have been made / to have made
Тест 6. ( Примерное задание)
Выберите правильный вариант.
had to leave / would have to leave /had had to leave
must wait / to wait / would wait
happen / had happened / would happen
described / was describing / had described
had been left / left / had left
was closed / was being closed / had been closed
was traveling / had been traveling /had traveled
was always complaining / always was complaining / had always been complaining
would have been living / would be living / would live
isn’t / wasn’t / hadn’t been
Тест 7. (Примерное задание)
to feed / feed / feeding
being impressed / to be impressed / to impress
without / for / through
cry / to cry / crying
to mail / mailing / being mailed
to be given / to give / giving
introducing / to introduce / being introduced
Тест 8. (Примерное задание)
— Decide whether the words are written in British or American English.
programme, favorite, litre, centre, bulletin board, program, mailman, streetcar, mum, sidewalk
programme is in British English
favorite is in American English
litre is in British English
centre is in British English
bulletin board is in American English
program is in American English
mailman is in American English
streetcar is in American English
mum is in British English
sidewalk is in American English
— Here is a letter to a newspaper explaining why teenagers should be allowed to vote in the election. The ideas are good, but the writing is too informal. Rewrite the letter using formal language. Rollover the highlighted areas for tips.
Примерные вопросы к зачетам:
1 семестр:
Проверка знания пройденной лексики по темам: «Родственные отношения и личностные характеристики» и «Современная система образования в России и за рубежом», основных неправильных глаголов.
Личные и притяжательные местоимения.
Способы образования множественного числа имен существительных, общий и притяжательный падежи.
Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
Определенный и неопределенный артикль.
Present Indefinite (Simple).
Глаголы to be, to have.
Past Indefinite (Simple). Прибавление –ed.
Future Indefinite (Simple).
Причастие настоящего времени. Прибавление –ing.
Вспомогательные глаголы, глаголы-связки.
Present Continuous (Progressive).
Past Continuous (Progressive).
Future Continuous (Progressive).
Причастие прошедшего времени.
2 семестр:
Проверка знания пройденной лексики по темам: «Россия в современном мире» и «Мир изучаемого языка», основные фразовые глаголы.
Present Perfect Continuous (Progressive).
Past Perfect Continuous (Progressive).
Future Perfect Continuous (Progressive).
Страдательный залог: образование и употребление. Особенности перевода страдательных оборотов на русский язык. Образование вопросительных и отрицательных предложений.
Способы выражения будущего времени (going to).
3 семестр:
Проверка знания пройденной лексики по темам: «Система государственного устройства и политической власти в США и Великобритании» и «Культурные особенности и национальные традиции США и Великобритании».
Прямая и косвенная речь.
Будущее в прошедшем.
Критерии оценки на зачете:
«Зачтено» ставится в тех случаях, когда студент отвечает на вопросы к зачету точно, или близко к точному ответу, умеет размышлять самостоятельно, излагает свои мысли в логической последовательности, отвечает на дополнительные вопросы преподавателя.
«Не зачтено» ставится в том случае, если студент не отвечает или затрудняется отвечать на основные и дополнительные вопросы, путается в ответах, показывает отрывочные знания.
Примерные вопросы к экзамену:
Задание 1. Подготовьте устное сообщение на тему, указанную в экзаменационном билете.
Список устных тем:
«Система образования в США / Великобритании».
«Российская Федерация: краткая страноведческая характеристика».
«Краткая страноведческая характеристика США / Великобритании».
«Система государственного устройства и политической власти в США / Великобритании».
«Культурные особенности / национальные традиции США / Великобритании».
«Местное самоуправление в США / Великобритании» либо «Европа регионов».
«Международные организации на примере ООН».
Задание 2. Расскажите грамматические правила по теме, указанной в экзаменационном билете, приведите примеры.
Список тем по грамматике:
Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий.
Времена группы Indefinite (Simple). Глаголы to be, to have. Прибавление –ed.
Времена группы Continuous (Progressive).
Времена группы Perfect.
Времена группы Perfect Continuous (Progressive).
Прямая и косвенная речь. Согласование времен. Будущее в прошедшем.
Неличные формы глагола: инфинитив. Причастие, герундий.
Иностранный язык (стр. 7 )
 | Из за большого объема этот материал размещен на нескольких страницах: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 |
Базовый модуль 6.
Задание 1. Choose the correct variant:
the Moskva River
2. My friend likes to eat.
4. Is there. in the street?
5. It is important sometimes to stop and look around you at all the wonderful things.
7. Could you close. please?
8. Great Britain consists of. parts.
9. She is very good at.
10. It is washed by the waters of.
a Atlantic Ocean
the Atlantic Ocean
Задание 2. Choose the correct variant:
1. The bridge tomorrow morning.
will have been reconstructed
is being reconstructed
will be reconstructed
2. This situation is serious. Something must. before it’s too late.
3. A the small red car.
4. This is a large hall. Many parties. here.
5. It’s a big company. It. two hundred people.
6. The books 12 December.
will be returned
has been played
8. A new that company next year.
will be published
9. A new supermarket. next year.
10. While we were on holiday, our camera. from our hotel room.
has been stolen
had been stolen
12. Hundreds of the new factory this year.
have been employed
15. A famous architect. the bridge.
Задание 1. Choose the correct variant:
had been travelling
2. Nina said Lucy complained that her friends never. any attention to what she told them.
3. Cecily answered she. stories and poems all her life since as long as she could rememeber.
had been writing
was falling down
had been falling down
5. Could you ask Aleks how long. at the hotel «Grandston»?
would have been staying
he would be staying
would he be staying
6. Mary said she was worried that her son. very well that year.
hadn’t been studying
7. The mother reminded me that I. to feed the dog and take him out for a walk.
don’t have to forget
8. I thought you said Jack. you when he got back from his trip to the mountains.
9. Cindy was not sure if the delegation. or not, and she didn’t know whom to ask about it.
10. Why did you say that Paul. a careful driver?
11. Lora wondered if. in town for the rest of the summer; she wanted him to go to the country with her.
her cousin was going to stay
was her cousin going to stay
her cousin is going to stay
12. The teacher said the pupils. so much noise during the breaks.
don’t have to make
13. The shop assistant showed me a book and said that the book. the museums of our town.
14. Ann begged me not to tell her father what. earlier that day.
15. Sharon said she. her key in her pocket, but she couldn’t find it there.
Задание 2. Choose the correct variant:
1. Tom usually. football.
a) is playing b) play с ) plays
2. What language he. now?
a) speaks b) is speaking c)speak
3. It. snow hard tomorrow.
a) will b) shall c) be
4. If the weather. fine, we 11 go for a walk.
a) will be b) is c) shall be
5. Mozart. more than 600 pieces of music.
a) writes b) wrote c) will write
a) do b) did c) will
7. There. many children in the hall last time.
a) are b) were c) will be
a) never was b) have never been c) never were
9. My friends. to the theatre yesterday.
a) went b) have gone c) had go
10. The children. outdoors last night when it began to rain hard.
a) were playing b) played c) play
11. Neil Armstrong. to the Moon many years ago.
a) has gone b) went c) had gone
a) had arrested b) arrested c) arrests
13. Open the door. The postman. a letter to you.
a) brings b) has brought c) will bring
14. There. a lot of beautiful old buildings in Moscow.
a) is b) are c) was
15.Look! Somebody. in the river.
a) swim b) swims c) is swimming
Задание 1. Choose the correct variant:
1. Sonia … as a computer programmer this year, but she’d like to try something different in the future.
2. I don’t like Alice. She … about difficulties of life all the time.
b. is complaining
c. has complained
3. How long … Jerry? – But I don’t know him at all.
c. have you known
d. is you knowing
4. Suddenly they heard a strange noise and … at each other.
5. Who … my newspaper? It was on the table.
6. Alan … out almost every day last year, but now he can’t afford it.
7. Is John at home? – No, he isn’t. He … to the library.
8. When he first … to England ten years ago, he couldn’t speak English.
9. Jane usually … coffee in the mornings.
10. What time …. your work every day?
a. have you started
b. does you start
d. are you starting
ПРИМЕРНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ К ЗАЧЕТУ
1 семестра. Модуль 1-2. Разделы 1-4 (About Myself. My family. My new friends. A Letter from my London Friend)
1. Introduce yourself. Where are you from? Are you married or single?
2. What is your family? Do you like to stay at home with your family?
3. Have you got any pets at home? How do they look like? What do they like to do?
4. Speak on your friend’s family. Does your friend have a family album?
5. Speak on your relatives. What do they do?
6. Your family wants to know all your group-mates. Describe them.
7. Describe one of your friends. What does he (she) do every day?
8. Your friend tells you that he
9. Have you got any friends in Britain? Where can people meet new friends?
10. Why do people write letters? How often do you write letters (e-mail)? What can you say in your letter about? (new friends, neighbors, new flat…)
11. Do you live with your parents or in a separate place? What is your favorite place in the flat?
12. Describe your place of living. Is there much furniture in it?
13. Why do people stay at a hotel? Speak on Victoria Hotel in the centre of Oxford.
14. Advertise your flat (room).
15. Speak about your dream house.
Вопросы к зачету 2 семестра 1 курс a . Модуль 3.4. Разделы 5-7. (The Day’s Work Begin. Tourists in London. Shopping)
1 When do you usually get up? What do you do then?
2. How do you get to University? How long does it take you to get to University? How did you get home yesterday?
3. What is your usual day off? What did you do yesterday morning?
4. Say how you spent your last week-end.
5. Please recall Queen Elizabeth’s day. What three things did she do every day?
6. Why do tourists go to the customs office? What do they do there?
7 What can you say about traffic in the streets of London? What is the general rule in Britain?
8. Speak on the traffic lights in the streets of London
9. Speak about your plans for the coming holidays. Why do people book train (plain) tickets in advance?
10.A foreign tourist asks you how to get to the City Gate from where you are.
11. Make an announcement in the plane as if you were the Captain or a stewardess.
12. Find out what you can buy in a) a supermarket b) in the nearest shop. What department will you go if you want to buy (a pet / souvenirs / gloves)? What do people buy for a birthday party?
13. You want to open a department in the shop. Advertise it
14. Can you remember any funny thing connected with shopping? What does the general store sell?
15. Guess what your teacher was doing at 6 o’clock yesterday? Begin with (I think… I believe…) Ask her (him) what is she (he) going to do in an hour (tonight/tomorrow).
Вопросы к зачету №3 ( Ce местр 3) Модуль 5,6. Разделы 8-11. (Meals in an English Family. Weather and Climate. Going out for the Evening. Great Britain. London. )
2. Make up a recipe of your favorite or exotic dish. Have you been to the shop today?
3. Think of any restaurant (café) menu. What is «breakfast in England»?
4. How to be fit? Why do some people keep a slimming diet?
5. Can you explain the English saying «Other countries have a climate but England – the weather».
6. Say about the weather in your area. What is the coldest (hottest) month?
7. What might be your weather forecast for the coming weekend? What kind of weather do you prefer and why?
8. How do people consider the weather and the season when they choose a place for a holiday? Compare winter (summer) in Siberia, England, Canada, Japan.
9. Can you advertise any film that is worth seeing? What’s on at your local cinema now?
11. How would you like to spend your free time? Think of five good things you have 12. What is the spread of the English language? Have you ever spoken to English-speaking tourists? 13.Take a map of Great Britain and speak about the country. 14.Act as a guide in London showing the city around. Speak on the facts of London. 15.Compare two islands : Australia and Great Britain. 16.The cities of America. Модуль 7.8. Разделы 12,13. (Traditions and Customs. History of England ). Раздел 14 (Профессиональный английский по профилю факультета) 1. Why is Britain thought to be the country of traditions? Speak on different ceremonies. 2. Speak on Christmas time in Britain and New Year’s Eve in Scotland. 3. What holidays are popular with British children? Do British holidays differ much from American ones? 4. Speak about the Average British family. 5. Speak about the most important historical events in the history of England that influenced the formation of the English language. 6. Speak about the discovery of Australia and New Zealand. 7. What makes the USA a multinational state (a nation of immigrants)? 8. Speak on English (Scots) national customs. 9. Study the outline of any famous person of England (America) and speak on his biography. 10. Tell the examiner some anecdotes (jokes) about famous English or American people. Chose the correct variant: 1. Tom ________ in politics. a. isn’t interested b. not interested c. doesn’t interested d. don’t interested a. Is at home your mother? b. Does your mother at home? c. Is your mother at home? d. Are your mother at home? 3. Look at Sue! ________ her new hat. b. She has wearing c. She is wearing 4. You can turn off the television. ________ it. b. I’m not watching d. I don’t watching 5. The Earth ________ round the Sun. 6. Tom lives near us. We ________ him. d. are often seeing 7. ________ near here? a. Do your friends live b. Are your friends live c. Does your friends live d. Do your friends living 8. Please be quiet. ________. 9. What ________ at the weekend? a. do you usually b. are you usually doing c. are you usually do d. do you usually do 10. Mr. and Mrs. Harris ________ any children. Chose the correct variant: 1. ______. Can you close the window, please? 2. “How much ________?” “Fifty pence.” a. are these postcards b. is these postcards c. these postcards d. do these postcards 3. “________ today? “No, he’s at home.” a. Is working Paul d. Is Paul working 4. Look, there’s Sally! ________? a. Where she is going c. Where is she going d. Where she going 5. The Moon ________ round the Earth. 6. We ________ television very often. d. don’t watching 7. I don’t understand this sentence. What ________? a. mean this word b. means this word c. does mean this word d. does this word mean 8. Tom ________ a shower every morning. 9. Diane isn’t feeling well. ________ a headache. 10. Jane usually … coffee in the mornings. Базовый модуль 5. Задание 1. Chose the correct variant: 1. I ….. to sleep recently. haven’t been able 2. We haven’t got much time. We ….. hurry. 3. The situation was bad but it ….. worse. could have been would have been 4. The phone is ringing. It ….. be Jack. 5. I’ll ….. go now. My friends are waiting. 6. Sue ….. be able to help them. 7. My grandfather..… speak six languages many years ago. 8. He..… be at home. He ….. be out. 9. ..… you wait a moment, please? 10. Lisa..… get bored in her job. Her job is so boring. 11. I didn’t..… to get up early, so I didn’t. 12. You look tired. You ….. go to bed. 13. I ….. rather stay at home than go out. 14. Jack..… go to hospital yesterday. Задание 2. Choose the correct variant: 1. This is. story in this book. I liked it best of all. the most interesting not so interesting 2. The more you know. you forget. So why study? 3. Their children are not well-behaved. Actually they are. children I’ve ever seen. 4. Paul is very smart; in fact he is. boy among his classmates. the most intelligent 5. The dog started to run. It ran. and soon disappeared in the distance. faster and faster the faster and the faster 6. This dress is. expensive than that one. 7. He didn’t want anyone to see him so he took a seat in. corner of the room. 9. They’ve got. money than they need. 10. This building is very high. Actually it’s. building in the town. 11. Richard got. good marks than Fred in the examinations. 12. I like decent people. serious ones. the most interesting Базовый модуль 6. Задание 1. Choose the correct variant: the Moskva River 2. My friend likes to eat. 3. Are you studying foreign languages at school, like. 4. Is there. in the street? 5. It is important sometimes to stop and look around you at all the wonderful things. 7. Could you close. please? 8. Great Britain consists of. parts. 9. She is very good at. 10. It is washed by the waters of. a Atlantic Ocean the Atlantic Ocean Задание 2. Choose the correct variant: 1. The tomorrow morning. will have been reconstructed is being reconstructed will be reconstructed 2. This situation is serious. Something must. before it’s too late. 3. A the small red car. 4. This is a large hall. Many parties. here. 5. It’s a big company. It. two hundred people. 6. The books 12 December. will be returned 7. Football. for hundred of years. has been played 8. A new that company next year. will be published 9. A new supermarket. next year. 10. While we were on holiday, our camera. from our hotel room. has been stolen had been stolen 11. Detroit. Motown in the past. 12. Hundreds of the new factory this year. have been employed 13. Weekends. outdoors by most English people. 15. A famous architect. the bridge. Задание 1. Choose the correct variant: 1. I knew Linda. around Europe for three months already. had been travelling 2. Nina said Lucy complained that her friends never. any attention to what she told them. 3. Cecily answered she. stories and poems all her life since as long as she could rememeber. had been writing was falling down had been falling down 5. Could you ask Aleks how long. at the hotel «Grandston»? would have been staying he would be staying would he be staying 6. Mary said she was worried that her son. very well that year. hadn’t been studying 7. The mother reminded me that I. to feed the dog and take him out for a walk. don’t have to forget 8. I thought you said Jack. you when he got back from his trip to the mountains. 9. Cindy was not sure if the delegation. or not, and she didn’t know whom to ask about it. 10. Why did you say that Paul. a careful driver? 11. Lora wondered if. in town for the rest of the summer; she wanted him to go to the country with her. her cousin was going to stay was her cousin going to stay her cousin is going to stay 12. The teacher said the pupils. so much noise during the breaks. don’t have to make 13. The shop assistant showed me a book and said that the book. the museums of our town. 14. Ann begged me not to tell her father what. earlier that day. 15. Sharon said she. her key in her pocket, but she couldn’t find it there. Задание 2. Choose the correct variant: 1. Tom usually. football. a) is playing b) play с) plays 2. What language he. now? a) speaks b) is speaking c)speak 3. It. snow hard tomorrow. a) will b) shall c) be 4. If the weather. fine, we 11 go for a walk. a) will be b) is c) shall be 5. Mozart. more than 600 pieces of music. a) writes b) wrote c) will write a) do b) did c) will 7. There. many children in the hall last time. a) are b) were c) will be a) never was b) have never been c) never were 9. My friends. to the theatre yesterday. a) went b) have gone c) had go 10. The children. outdoors last night when it began to rain hard. a) were playing b) played c) play 11. Neil Armstrong. to the Moon many years ago. a) has gone b) went c) had gone a) had arrested b) arrested c) arrests 13. Open the door. The postman. a letter to you. a) brings b) has brought c) will bring 14. There. a lot of beautiful old buildings in Moscow. a) is b) are c) was 15.Look! Somebody. in the river. a) swim b) swims c) is swimming Задание 1. Choose the correct variant: 1. Sonia … as a computer programmer this year, but she’d like to try something different in the future. 2. I don’t like Alice. She … about difficulties of life all the time. b. is complaining c. has complained 3. How long … Jerry? – But I don’t know him at all. c. have you known d. is you knowing 4. Suddenly they heard a strange noise and … at each other. 5. Who … my newspaper? It was on the table. 6. Alan … out almost every day last year, but now he can’t afford it. 7. Is John at home? – No, he isn’t. He … to the library. 8. When he first … to England ten years ago, he couldn’t speak English. 9. Jane usually … coffee in the mornings. 10. What time …. your work every day? a. have you started b. does you start d. are you starting ПРИМЕРНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ К ЗАЧЕТУ Разделы 1-4 (About Myself. My family. My new friends. A Letter from my London Friend) 1. Introduce yourself. Where are you from? Are you married or single? 2. What is your family? Do you like to stay at home with your family? 3. Have you got any pets at home? How do they look like? What do they like to do? 4. Speak on your friend’s family. Does your friend have a family album? 5. Speak on your relatives. What do they do? 6. Your family wants to know all your group-mates. Describe them. 7. Describe one of your friends. What does he (she) do every day? 8. Your friend tells you that he 9. Have you got any friends in Britain? Where can people meet new friends? 10. Why do people write letters? How often do you write letters (e-mail)? What can you say in your letter about? (new friends, neighbors, new flat…) 11. Do you live with your parents or in a separate place? What is your favorite place in the flat? 12. Describe your place of living. Is there much furniture in it? 13. Why do people stay at a hotel? Speak on Victoria Hotel in the centre of Oxford. 14. Advertise your flat (room). 15. Speak about your dream house. Разделы 5-7. (The Day’s Work Begin. Tourists in London. Shopping) 1 When do you usually get up? What do you do then? 2. How do you get to University? How long does it take you to get to University? How did you get home yesterday? 3. What is your usual day off? What did you do yesterday morning? 4. Say how you spent your last week-end. 5. Please recall Queen Elizabeth’s day. What three things did she do every day? 6. Why do tourists go to the customs office? What do they do there? 7 What can you say about traffic in the streets of London? What is the general rule in Britain? 8. Speak on the traffic lights in the streets of London 9. Speak about your plans for the coming holidays. Why do people book train (plain) tickets in advance? 10.A foreign tourist asks you how to get to the City Gate from where you are. 11. Make an announcement in the plane as if you were the Captain or a stewardess. 12. Find out what you can buy in a) a supermarket b) in the nearest shop. What department will you go if you want to buy (a pet / souvenirs / gloves)? What do people buy for a birthday party? 13. You want to open a department in the shop. Advertise it 14. Can you remember any funny thing connected with shopping? What does the general store sell? 15. Guess what your teacher was doing at 6 o’clock yesterday? Begin with (I think… I believe…) Ask her (him) what is she (he) going to do in an hour (tonight/tomorrow). Разделы 8-11. (Meals in an English Family. Weather and Climate. Going out for the Evening. Great Britain. London.) 1. What have you learnt about meals in an English family? 2. Make up a recipe of your favorite or exotic dish. Have you been to the shop today? 3. Think of any restaurant (café) menu. What is «breakfast in England»? 4. How to be fit? Why do some people keep a slimming diet? 5. Can you explain the English saying «Other countries have a climate but England – the weather». 6. Say about the weather in your area. What is the coldest (hottest) month? 7. What might be your weather forecast for the coming weekend? What kind of weather do you prefer and why? 8. How do people consider the weather and the season when they choose a place for a holiday? Compare winter (summer) in Siberia, England, Canada, Japan. 9. Can you advertise any film that is worth seeing? What’s on at your local cinema now? 11. How would you like to spend your free time? Think of five good things you have 12. What is the spread of the English language? Have you ever spoken to English-speaking tourists? 13. Take a map of Great Britain and speak about the country. 14. Act as a guide in London showing the city around. Speak on the facts of London. 16. The cities of America. Разделы 12,13. (Traditions and Customs. History of England). Раздел 14 (Профессиональный английский по профилю факультета) 1. Why is Britain thought to be the country of traditions? Speak on different ceremonies. 2. Speak on Christmas time in Britain and New Year’s Eve in Scotland. 3. What holidays are popular with British children? Do British holidays differ much from American ones? 4. Speak about the Average British family. 5. Speak about the most important historical events in the history of England that influenced the formation of the English language. 6. Speak about the discovery of Australia and New Zealand. 7. What makes the USA a multinational state (a nation of immigrants)? 8. Speak on English (Scots) national customs. 9. Study the outline of any famous person of England (America) and speak on his biography. 10. Tell the examiner some anecdotes (jokes) about famous English or American people. 1. All defendants are entitled to legal representation which will be provided free if they cannot pay for it. 2. A burglar alarm has been installed in the apartment. 3. He was caught red handed. 4. I asked him if the goods had been delivered in strict conformity with the Contract. Перепишите и переведите предложения, подчеркните модальные глаголы. 1. The President, the head of the Executive Branch, must carry out the government programs adopted by the Congress. 2. A barrister can only be consulted in directly through a solicitor. 3. The physical conduct of the accused may either be active, or may consist of an omission where there is a legal duty to act. 4. We learn how we should behave in society through instruction of family and teachers, friends and our own experiences. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений. 1. Federal workers have some college training. 2. Are there any political parties in the UK? 3. There is nothing to stop unconventional candidates from standing for election, however. 4. Some Members of Parliament in Great Britain hold an advice bureau in their constituencies. Подготовка к зачётам и экзаменам В процессе подготовкик зачётам и экзаменам рекомендуется: а) повторно прочитать и перевести наиболее трудные тексты из учебника; б) просмотреть материал отрецензированных контрольных работ; в) проделать выборочно отдельные упражнения из учебника для самопроверки; г) повторить материал для устных упражнений. 7.3. Методическое обеспечение и контроль самостоятельной работы студентов Результативность самостоятельной работы студентов во многом определяется наличием активных методов ее контроля, среди которых выделяют: — входной контроль знаний и умений студентов при начале изучения очередной дисциплины; — текущий контроль, то есть регулярное отслеживание уровня усвоения материала на практических занятиях; — промежуточный контроль по окончании изучения раздела или модуля курса; — самоконтроль, осуществляемый студентом в процессе изучения дисциплины при подготовке к контрольным мероприятиям; — итоговый контроль по дисциплине в виде зачета или экзамена; Весьма полезным может быть тестовый контроль знаний и умений студентов, который экономит время преподавателя, в значительной мере освобождает его от рутинной работы и позволяет в большей степени сосредоточиться на творческой части преподавания. Тестирование помогает преподавателю выявить структуру знаний студентов и на этой основе переоценить методические подходы к обучению по дисциплине, индивидуализировать процесс обучения. ТЕСТ ДЛЯ ВХОДНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ВАРИАНТ 1 Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных. 1. What is that? [A — They / В — It / С — There] is my computer. 2. My brother is [A — one / В — а / С — an] officer. 3. [A — This / В — These / С — That] flowers are very beautiful. 4. Are [A — those / В — that / С — there] books interesting? 5. [A — It has / В — It is / С— There is] a dog in the garden. 6. I [A — has / В — have / С — had] to go to the library tomorrow. 7. Kate is here, but her parents [A — isn’t / В— wasn’ t/ C —aren’t]. 8. You ought [A — stay / В — to stay / С — staying] at home. 9. He should [A — write / В— to write / С— writing] a letter. 10. Mike [A — like / В — likes / С— can] to speak English. 11. I hope you’ve got [А — а / В— any / С— some] money. 12. Do you want [A — know / В— to know / С— knowing] the news? 13. We’ve got [A — a few / В — a little / С— a number] apples left. 14. There aren’t [A — a lot / В— many / С — much] people here today. 15. [A — Is / В— Has / С— Does] she get up early every day? 16. Were you in Moscow last year? — No, I [A — didn’t / В — weren ‘t / С— wasn ‘t]. 17. I [А — have never been / В — was never/ С — am never being] to Moscow yet. 18. [A — Isn’t / В — Doesn’t / С — Hasn’t] she going to clean the room today? 19. The boys [A — play / В — is playing / С — are playing] football at the moment. 20. She [A — caught / В — catches / C — will catch] the 7. 30 train yesterday. ТЕСТ ДЛЯ ВХОДНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ВАРИАНТ 2 Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных. 1. Kate [A— loses / В — has lost / С — lost] her pencils very often. 2. [A — Did you do / В— Do you do / С — Have you done] much work yesterday? 3. He [A — hurries / В — hurried / С — is hurrying] because he was late. 4. Who is she looking [A — on / В — at / С — to]? 5. Our holidays are [A — in / В — at / С — on] August. 6. What’s the matter [A — by / В — on / С — with] him? 7. This book is [A — my / В— me / С — mine]. 8. Don’t help him. He will do everything [A — myself / В — himself / С — yourself]. 9. We are playing [A — ours / В— our / С — us] favourite game. 10. It is much [A — warm / В— warmer / С— more warm] here. 11. She is not as old [A— that / В — than / С — as] I am. 12. Ann is [A — very / В— more / С — much] intelligent than Max. 13. Yesterday was the [A — shortest / В— most short / С — very short] day this year. 14. We’ll listen to Professor’s lecture and [A — therefore / В — then / С — that] we’ll have a break. 15. He is the [A —very good / В— best / С — better] student in the group. 16. [A— Where / В — Why / С — Who] wrote that letter? 17. She went home early [A — because / В— while / С— till] she had finished her work. 18. [A— Who / В — Where / С— When] did you put my book? 20. He drives [A — more careful / В — very carefully / С — very careful]. ТЕСТ ДЛЯ ВХОДНОГО КОНТРОЛЯ ВАРИАНТ 3 Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных. 1. [A — This / В— These / С— That] pictures are very good. 2. My mother is [A — one / В — а / С — an] doctor. 4. Are [A — those / В — that / С — there]games very interesting? 5. [A — It has / В— It is / С — There is] a cat on the sofa. 6. We [A — has / В — have / С — had] to do some shopping tomorrow. 7. You ought [A — stay / B — to stay / C — staying] at home. 8. Pete should [A — send / В — to send / С — sending] a telegram. 9. Alice [A — like / В — likes / С— can] to speak Italian. 10. I hope you’ve got [A — a / В — any / С — some] money. 11. Do you want [A — know / B— to know / С — knowing] the news? 12. They’ve got [A — a few / B— a little / C— a number] oranges left. 13. There aren’t [A — a lot / В — many / С — much] people in the hall today. 14. [A — Is / В — Has / С — Does] mother get up early every day? 16. I [A — have never been / В — was never / С — am never being] to Kiev yet. 17. Ann is here, but her parents [A — isn ‘t / B — wasn ‘t / С— aren ‘t]. 18. [A — Isn ‘t / B — Doesn ‘t / С — Hasn ‘t] she going to cook dinner today? 19. They [A — watch / В — is watching / С— are watching] TV now. 20. We [A — caught / В — catches / C — will catch] the 6. 30 bus yesterday. ТЕСТЫ ДЛЯ ТЕКУЩЕГО КОНТРОЛЯ УСПЕВАЕМОСТИ Тест 1. Выберите нужную степень сравнения прилагательного. handsome / more handsome / the most handsome long / longer / the longest close / closer / the closest heavy / heavier / the heaviest strong / stronger / the strongest small / smaller / the smallest good / better / the best lonely / more lonely / the most lonely dear / dearer / the dearest near / nearer / the nearest Тест 2. Выберите правильный вариант. are speaking/is speaking/speaks learning/are learning/is learning are speaking/speak/is speaking am speaking/speak/is speaking Тест 3. Выберите правильный вариант. 1. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. Someone has taken my dictionary! b. Someone has been taking my dictionary! 2. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. I’ve had piano lessons for over 10 years and I’m still not very good. b. I’ve been having piano lessons for over 10 years and I’m still not very good. 3. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. I ’ve worked in the garden all day and now I ’m tired. b. I ’ve been working in the garden all day and now I ’m tired. 4. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? 5. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? 6. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. What have you done? You’re all wet. b. What have you been doing? You’re all wet. 7. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. They have built the new road around the school for more than a year. b. They have been building the new road around the school for more than a year. 8. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. How many biscuits have you eaten? b. How many biscuits have you been eating? 9. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. Has the film started yet? b. Has the film been starting yet? 10. Which of the two sentences below is the better or more likely? a. He’s put on a lot of weight since he came to Germany. b. He’s been putting on a lot of weight since he came to Germany. Тест 4. Выберите правильный вариант. have been arrested / have arrested / was arrested is being founded / had been founded / was founded finish / have finished / be finished were enrolled / are enrolled / has been enrolled built / was built / has built caused / are caused / have been caused was built / built / have built show / are shown / have been shown was stolen / has been stolen / had been stolen Тест 5. Выберите правильный вариант. to turn / to be turning / to have turned / to have been turned to order / to be ordered / to have ordered / to have been ordered to lend / to be lending / to have lent / to be lent to have been doing / to be doing / to have done / to do to tell / to be told / to have been told / to have told be repairing / have been repairing / repair / have repaird to cover / to be covering / to have covered / to have been covering to find / to have found / to be finding / to have been finding keep / be kept / be keeping / have kept to make / to be made / to have been made / to have made Тест 6. Выберите правильный вариант. had to leave / would have to leave /had had to leave must wait / to wait / would wait happen / had happened / would happen described / was describing / had described had been left / left / had left was closed / was being closed / had been closed was traveling / had been traveling /had traveled was always complaining / always was complaining / had always been complaining would have been living / would be living / would live isn’t / wasn’t / hadn’t been ИТОГОВЫЙ ТЕСТ ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ «ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК В СФЕРЕ ЮРИСПРУДЕНЦИИ» FINAL TEST “ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF LAW” VARIANT 1 1. Choose the correct translation of the following Russian sentence: В этой тюрьме Нью-Йорка много политзаключенных. 1. Many political prisoners are in this New York jail. 2. In this New York jail are many political prisoners. 3. There are many political prisoners are in this New York jail. 4. There are in this jail many political prisoners. 2. Choose the suitable grammar form for the following sentences: 1. … by his work he can do more than this. a) judged; b) judging; c) judge 2. The legislation … by this department is very important. a) prepare; b) preparing; c) prepared 3. There are some state institutions … the life of the society. a) regulate; b) regulating; c) regulated 3. Choose the suitable word for the following sentences: 1. The … of any state regulates the political life in the society. a) legislation; b) power; c) government; d) department 2. The police is necessary to … a) divide private property; b) keep order; c) exploit the power; d) regulate relations 3. The … class regulates legislation. a) economic; b) collective; c) historical; d) ruling 4. Choose the suitable synonym for the following words: 1. legislation – a) judging people; b) making laws; c) special laws; d) police actions; 2. consist of – a) be made up of; b) be well at; c) be bothered; d) be included. 5. Choose the suitable words for the following sentences: 1. The job of … is to accuse the criminal. a) defence counsel; b) chairman; c) prosecutor; d) witness 2. Nobody wanted to … nazism. a) call on; b) accuse; c) test; d) defend 3. The witness gave very important … a) hearing; b) sentence; c) crime; d) evidence 4. When the hearing was over the judge read the … a) sentence; b) evidence; c) threat; d) facts 6. Choose the suitable synonym for the following words: 1. just – a) poor; b) progressive; c) numerous; d) fair 2. to strengthen – a) to struggle; b) to make stronger; c) to threaten; d) to find guilty. 7. Choose the suitable word for the following sentences: 1. The king’s party … their opponents. a) signed; b) refused; c) defeated; d) reflected 2. The king refused … the delegation. a) to argue; b) to defeat; c) to sign; d) to accept 3. The … of this country is in the interests of its people. a) century; b) development; c) difference; d) matter 4. This powerful group … the policy of the state. a) is held; b) calls; c) supports; d) summons 8. Choose the suitable synonyms for the following words: 1. to argue – a) to disagree; b) to advise; c) to change; d) to reflect 2. to defeat – a) to control; b) to accept; c) to date back; d) to win a victory 9. Choose the suitable word for the following sentences: 1. The people of this country have been struggling for their … for 10 years. a) occasion; b) chamber; c) independence; d) vote 2. The Queen has les … than Prime-Ministe. a) rules; b) rights; c) chambers; d) honours 3. Where is George? I believe he has … already. a) arrived; b) sent; c) presided; d) quarreled 4. There are rules for all … a) beginnings; b) shairs; c) duties; d) occasions 10. Choose the suitable synonym for the following words: 1. believe – a) follow; b) be afraid of; c) be of the opinion; d) be full 2. honour – a) respect; b) duty; c) right; d) rule FINAL TEST “ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF LAW” VARIANT 2 1. Choose the suitable word for the following sentences: 1. … will be held in a year. a) suffrage; b) majority; c) election; d) qualification 2. The deputies will … with their electors. a) receive; b) meet; c) recall; d) register 3. Mr. White … the republicans. a) represents; b) deprives; c) reports back; d) nominates 4. The Democratic Party candidate got … of votes. a) right; b) confidence; c) suffrage; d) majority 2. Choose the suitable synonyms for the following words: 1. receive – a) recall; b) accept; c) participate; d) report back 2. suffrage – a) elector; b) voter; c) vote; d) right 3. Choose the suitable definition of the following words: 1. council – a) group of people appointed or elected; b) a person who gives advice; c) the head of the government; d) people who gowern the state; 2. to agree – a) to discuss something; b) to get acquainted; c) to say “yes”; d) to remind 4. Choose the suitable synonyms for the following words: 1. publich – a) protect; b) punish; c) show; d) issue 2. force – a) lighting; b) strength; c) forth; d) freedom 5. Choose the suitable words to fill in the blanks: 1. His choice was not … by his father. a) blocked; b) organized; c) issued; d) approved 2. The … of this country is not as complicated as in Britain. a) circuit; b) judiciary; c) bench; d) passage 3. He doesn’t … his father. a) belong; b) look like; c) declare; d) determine 4. The … laws of that country serve the interests of the rich. a) special; b) approving; c) preserving; d) existing 6. Choose the suitable description of the jurisdiction of the following courts: 1. Supreme Court; 2. Court of Appeal; 3. District Court; a) Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by this court. b) It has the right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress. c) It hears appeals from lawer courts. 7. Choose the suitable words to fill in the blanks: 1. Thin man has just been … a) violated; b) faced; c) got; d) robbed 2. Burglary is one of the … crimes. a) international; b) violent; c) legislative; d) special 3. He … some very serious problems. a) violated; b) murdered; c) faced; d) bought 4. This man is a very dangerous … a) criminal; b) juvenile; c) neighbour; d) teenager 8. Choose the suitable definition of the following words: 1. violence – a) unlawful killing of a person; b) commission of an act, accompanied by great force; c) deprivation of smb’s property 2. burglary – a) crime of taking drugs; b) crime of taking smb’s property secretly; c) crime of breaking into a house by night to steal. 9. Choose the suitable words to fill in the blanks: 1. It is … that try most of criminal and some civil cases. a) accused; b) jury; c) justice of the peace; d) Law lord 2. This … was the most important thing for him. a) country; b) accused; c) layman; d) judgement 3. The … was told about his rights. a) accused; b) Law lord; c) magistrate; d) barrister 4. The sooner this … is over, the better. a) Common Law; b) appeal; c) jury; d) trial 10. Choose the suitable answer for the following questions: 1. How many systems of law are there in the United Kingdom? a) 1; b) 2; c) 3; d) 4 2. What do the sources of law include? a) statutes, Equity; b) Common Law, Equity; c) statutes, Common Law; d) statutes, Common Law, Equity 3. What do the Crown Courts deal with? a) civil cases; b) criminal cases; c) civil and criminal cases 4. What are the County Courts? a) the main civic courts; b) the main criminal courts; c) the main appellate courts FINAL TEST “ENGLISH FOR STUDENTS OF LAW” VARIANT 3 1. Choose the suitable synonyms for the following words: 1. magistrate – a) layman; b) professional; c) justice of the peace; d) barrister 2. precedent – a) judgement; b) appeal; c) statute; d) analogy 2. Choose the suitable ending for the following sentences: 1. The solicitors are … a) lawyers who speak at the court; b) justices of the peace; c) lawyers who give advice to non-professional clients; d) lawyers who can wear a silkdoyn. 2. A barrister must pass the special legal exams and become … a) counsel for the plaintiff; b) Queen’s Counsel; c) a junior barrister; d) a member of legal corporation. 3. The judges are appointed from … c) Queen’s Counsels; 3. Choose the words corresponding to the given definitions: 1. Decision reached by a jury on a question of fact in a law case. a) information; b) verdict; c) judgement; d) advice 2. Person who brings an action at law. a) defense counsel; b) defendant; c) counsel for the prosecution; d) plaintiff. 4. Choose the suitable word to fill in the blanks: 1. This body is to … the work of the courts. a) administer justice; b) supervise; c) enact; d) draft 2. This body has enough … to help you to settle this question. a) authority; b) chamber; c) instance; d) decision 3. If you … them, you’ll learn many interesting things. a) draft; b) join; c) mention; d) forget 4. The courts of different instances … in Russia. a) pay attention; b) supervise; c) enjoy; d) administer justice 5. Choose the suitable ending for the following sentences: 1. There’s a special body for … a) social development of the country; b) holding a nation-wide referendum; c) enacting the laws; d) supervision of the observance of the law 2. The highest executive body of state authority is … a) the Government; b) the Parliament; c) the Supreme Court; d) the Procurator-General 3. Direction of economic, social and cultural development is the power of … a) the Parliament; b) the Supreme Court; c) the Government; d) the Procurator General 6. Choose the words corresponding to the given definitions: 1. Group of people who do smth. together or who are united in some way. a) chamber; b) office; c) authority; d) body 2. The law and its administration. a) authority; b) justice; c) supervision; d) maintenance 7. Choose the suitable word to fill in the blanks: 1. The death was … by the heavy blow on the head. a) caught; b) proved; c) caused; d) introduced 2. He was tried on the … a) testimony; b) indictment; c) circumstancial evidence; d) charge 3. The withnes … and then gave his evidence. a) took an oath; b) pleaded a case; c) cross examined; d) proved 4. Only a barrister can … in court. a) invite; b) plead a case; c) take an oath; d) introduce 8. Choose the words corresponding to the following definitions: 1. to show beyond doubt to be true. a) to cause; b) to urge; c) to swear; d) to prove 2. declaration in law court that smth. is true. a) cross-examination; b) indictment; c) testimony; d) suspect 9. Choose the suitable words to fill in the blanks: 1. The moment the murderer saw the jury he understood he would be … a) suspected; b) snatched; c) executed; d) puzzled 2. The accused was found innocent and … a) qualified; b) released; c) executed; d) saved; 3. The defense counsel had no … to the question of Mr. Smith. a) perjury; b) truth; c) alibi; d) objection 4. The criminal’s … managed to escape. a) suspect; b) witness; c) solicitor; d) accomplice 10. Choose the suitable antonyms for the following words: 1. innocent – a) alive; b) excited; c) beloved; d) guilty 2. to release – a) to care; b) to exhibit; c) to execute; d) to solve. 7.4. Тексты договоров и внешнеторговых контрактов на английском языке, используемые для самостоятельной работы студентов (письменный перевод) при изучении Модуля 3, темы 17 «Язык юридических документов и договоров» Distributorship AGREEMENT MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT made this ____________ day IPSA Industries Plc of Manchester, Great Britain (hereinafter called «the Company») of the one part, sujarwo TRADING COMPANY of Djakarta, Indonesia Jalan M H Thamrin No. 51 (hereinafter called «the Distributor») of the other part. WHEREAS 1. The Company manufactures forestry exploitation equipment. Such products are hereinafter called «the Products». 2. The Company has agreed (a) to sell to the Distributor such quantities as may be mutually agreed of the Products as are defined by the Company from time to time during the period of this Agreement, and (b) to appoint the Distributor as a distributor of the Products on the terms and conditions hereinafter described. IT IS HEREBY AGREED AS FOLLOWS: Article 1. Territory (a) The Distributor is hereby appointed a distributor of the Products for the resale thereof in the following territory (hereinafter called «the Territory»), namely THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA which Territory may be altered by the Company subject to not less than six months’ notice in writing being given by the Company to the Distributor provided always that such alteration shall not exclude from the Territory as altered the principal place of business of the Distributor. (b) The Distributor shall purchase from the Company for re-sale quantities of the Products on the terms and conditions hereinafter described and on such additional terms and conditions as may be actually agreed in writing from time to time during the period of the Agreement.Иностранный язык (стр. 5 )
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