At that hour she was unaccustomed to disturb by anyone
At that hour she was unaccustomed to disturb by anyone
Систематизирующий курс грамматики (стр. 5 )
 | Из за большого объема этот материал размещен на нескольких страницах: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 |
5. Пожалуйста, оставайтесь с больным. Если он вдруг попросит чего-нибудь, скажите доктору.
6. Если бы мы заказали билеты заранее, мы могли бы отправиться на юг на этой неделе.
7. Как жаль, что идет дождь. Дети могли бы пойти погулять.
8. Если бы только он мог помочь нам!
9. Ей хотелось бы владеть английским лучше. Тогда она могла бы читать английский книги в оригинале.
10.Ты ведешь себя как маленький ребенок. Пора тебе быть серьезнее.
1. Я буду дома весь вечер на случай, если ты передумаешь.
2. Если вдруг возникнут трудности, позвони мне.
3. Я оставил письмо на столе, чтобы он увидел его, как только вернется.
4. Он любит шутить, и что бы он ни сказал, не обижайся на него.
5. Мы требуем, чтобы все условия были соблюдены.
6. Как жаль, что я не умею кататься на коньках так же хорошо, как она. Когда смотришь на нее, кажется, будто она летит.
7. Мы бы не опоздали, даже если вышли бы на 15 минут позже.
8. Было похоже, что она плакала, хотя она делала вид, что ничего не случилось.
9. Если бы он пришел сюда завтра, мы бы обсудили эту проблему.
10. Предположим, он написал бы вам, вы бы стали отвечать?
1. Да сопутствует вам успеx.
2. Необходимо, чтобы все документы были подготовлены заранее.
3. Странно, что он не смог ответить на такой простой вопрос.
4. Мы все боялись, чтобы мост не обрушился под тяжестью машины.
5. Будете проходить мимо, непременно загляните к нам.
6. Если бы он пришел вчера, мы бы решили эту проблему.
7. Если бы только он успел прийти вовремя!
8. Я думаю, вам лучше сказать им об этом сразу.
9. У него был такой вид, как будто он вот-вот расплачется.
10. Я вовсе не хочу идти на дискотеку. Ведь мне не двадцать лет!
Choose the correct from of a verbal (gerund, infinitive, participle) and comment upon its grammatical categories (tense, voice, aspect) if any.
1. Next time we go (house-hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions. I wasted hours (look) for the last house.
2. Every feature seemed (sharpen) since he saw her last.
3. We suggested (sleep) in hotels but the children were anxious (camp) out.
4. They don’t allow (smoke) in the auditorium; they don’t want (risk) (set) it on fire, but you can (smoke) in the foyer during the interval.
5. I had to smile as if I didn’t mind (insult). (11)
1. He hasn’t come yet, he must (work) in the reading hall.
2. The old miser spent all his time (count) his money and (think) up new hiding-places.
3. He kept (move) it about because he was terrified of (rob).
4. He used (get) up at night sometimes (make) sure it was still there.
5. My roommate says I have a terrible voice, so I stopped (sing) in the shower.
6. No one likes (to keep) waiting.
7. I tried (to tell) you the truth but you wouldn’t listen. (10)
1. We could hear the noise of furniture (move).
2. He would not stop (ask) questions until he made it all clear.
3. He is said (put away) a small fortune.
4. But there in nothing now ( wait) for.
5. (leave) their camp with the first light they reached the peak at dusk.
6. I don’t like your way (talk).
7. He appeared (listen).
8. Young Herndon had done preparatory work at college for a year, but, (not to admit) to the college proper, returned home.
9. She looks tired, she must (to work) since morning.
10.It’s no good (to deny) that. (10)
1. A twelve year-old give was the first (attract) his attention or (attract) by him.
2. While (obey) my instructions he glanced at me now and then.
3. (be) away so long he was happy (come) back.
4. (wound) in the leg he limped a little.
5. I remember (lock) the door before I left but I forgot (shut) the windows.
6. Please remember (post) the letter.
7. At that hour she was unaccustomed (to disturb) by anyone.
8. She said she was sorry (to miss) it. (11)
1. (to see) that no one else was coming, Mr. Lincoln rose.
2. Not for the moment did he show surprise at the wedding gift (to present) to him personally.
3. Jack broke the key (to attempt) to lock the door.
4. I just totally forgot (to pay) the phone bill.
5. My job involves (to travel) in the Far East a lot.
6. We regret (to inform) you that your request has been denied.
7. From there he had a clear view of the room, with the advantage that he could avoid (to observe).
8. Sorry, I didn’t phone you. I tried (to find) a phone but there wasn’t one around.
9. She seemed (to misunderstand) you.
10. George denied (to give) Dick any money. (10)
Find Predicative constructions, name them and comment on their functions.
1. No child of his thought of running to him to have a shoe tied or a button fastened. (Du Marier)
2. And…she stole away home having no heart to see him dance with his water-nymph. (Galsworthy)
3. I walked to the wood, but it was too wet for me to go inside. (Hasford Johnson)
4. I was afraid of hurting… Mrs. Micawber’s feelings, she being very sensitive… (Dickens)
5. He was very attentive to her comfort; she never expressed the slightest with without his hastening to gratify it. (Maugham)
6. At times he was seen driving with her by people who knew him in a social and commercial way. (Dreiser)
7. My heart seemed to be rising and sinking within me. (Baldwin)
8. I can’t imagine your coming to see me at a time when you are fully satisfied with your life and work. (Caldwell)
1. He arose very cautiously, as if fearing to find every bone broken. (Hansford Johnson)
2. That evening the instinct… caused him to pack his things and go to Cannes. (Galsworthy)
3. When Paul entered… he found her lying in her old dressing-gown, her eyes averted, her face flushed and exhausted. (Lessing)
4. When she happened to feel ill no one could have been kinder or more thoughtful. (Maugham)
5. The visitor was heard walking restlessly backwards and forwards. He was also heard talking to himself. (Hartley)
6. On his will being opened, after a decent interval, it was found to consist of two portions. (James)
7. Kate sat in absolute dismay, waiting for the other woman to recover herself. (Lawrence)
8. Before I go, I insist on your answering a question I put to you some time ago. (Wilde)
1. He glanced up to see the chairman watching him. (Wilson)
2. He treated her not as Kitty had seen most men treat their wives, but as though she were a fellow-guest in a country-house. (Maugham)
3. Of all conceivable persons you… are the most likely to understand. (Wells)
4. He lay in bed, dressed, with the light burning, until he heard the clock strike three. (Faulkner)
5. Shut up in her room she could be heard chattering away hour after hour. (Maugham)
6. She was thinking of Roger coming to her, marrying her. (Snow)
7. I still don’t think it would be wise for you to oppose it. (Sanders)
8. You can have no idea of… how I have missed the thought of your being near me somewhere! (Horgan)
1. Wilson looked around and saw Goldstein sitting alone at the next tent, writing a letter. (Mailer)
2. Perhaps having written this to you I may never show it to you or leave it for you to see. (Wells)
3. He had called there three times now without her being able to see him. (Galsworthy)
4. She seemed to do him a favour when she gave him the opportunity of doing something tiresome for her. (Maugham)
5. It was so frightening that Kitty, her nerves failing her, opened her mouth to scream. (Maugham)
6. He suffered from dyspepsia, and he might often be seen sucking a tablet of pepsin. (Maugham)
7. Then suddenly he heard the gate close. (Galsworthy)
8. What can be the possible use of Larry’s learning dead languages? (Maugham)
1. It seemed shameful to Wilson for them to drink without including anyone else in the squad. (Mailer)
2. That angry afternoon appeared to have happened so long ago that to apologize now for what had been said was foolish. (Wilson)
3. I lit a cigarette and watched the red end mirrored in the water. (Snow)
4. They saw the white china knob of the handle slowly turn. (Maugham)
5. She was being observed, and by someone who resented her being here. (Lessing)
6. She leaned against him, her knees shaking, and he was afraid that she would faint. (Maugham)
7. Martha was seen staring at the tree. (Lessing)
8. She heard Miss Reba’s voice booming from somewhere and listened to her toiling slowly up the stairs. (Faulkner)
Translate into English using predicative constructions.
1. Было слышно, как они разговаривают друг с другом.
2. Она сидела и наблюдала, как люди спешат на работу.
3. Я настаиваю на том, чтобы ты приходил домой вовремя.
4. Мама хотела бы, чтобы мы навестили ее в воскресенье.
5. Так как работа была закончена, мы решили отдохнуть.
1. Собаку нашли привязанной к дереву.
2.Я видел, как их машину остановил полицейский
3. Нужно приготовить комнату до приезда Джона.
4. Вы хотите, чтобы я сказала ему об этом?
5. Когда все деньги были истрачены, мы начали искать работу.
1. Чемодан в последний раз видели стоящим в коридоре.
2. Я не хочу, чтобы для него что-либо делали.
3. Я не помню, чтобы он мне это говорил.
4. Говорят, что он лучший доктор в этом городе.
5. Поскольку проблема решена, можно начинать эксперимент.
1. Можно было слышать, как Джон поет в соседней комнате.
To have
to let +bare Inf.
To bid
Here we find the Objective Infinitive Construction only if the object is expressed by a noun denoting a lifeless thing or when the infinitive is passive. This restriction does not apply to the verbs to suffer, to have.
Mr. Merdle ordered his carriage to be ready early in the morning.
She … had never allowed the name of John Gordon to pass her lips.
He ordered the room to be aired.
The doctor ordered the patient to be ready for the operation. = to be prepared (by the nurse)
The teacher asked the books to be brought.
suffer + Obj. Inf. C = неохоче дозволити, дозволити (з важким серцем)
not suffer + Obj. Inf. C = не допустити
not have + Obj. Inf. C =не допустити
Mr. Dombey suffered Florence to play with Paul.
She suffered Mr. Franklin to lead her back into the room.
Miss Jemima could not suffer Becky to leave the Academy without a present.
#I won’t have you speak like it, dear Tess.
7.After verbs denoting compulsion
to make + bare inf. –примусити
to cause – примусити, віддати розпорядження
to get – добитися
to have + bare inf. –примусити,веліти, щоб
to induce – змусити
to urge –примусити, спонукати, переконувати.
Light steps in the gravel made him turn his head.
The noise caused her to awake.
She caused a telegram to be sent to him.
I cannot get her to finish her lessons.
Mr. Dalrymple had the dragman bring in the soap.
We urged him to take steps.
I wish I could bring you to see my point.
I cannot bring myself to believe.
The teacher had the pupil fetch some chalk.
8. After certain verbs requiring a prepositional object: to count (up)on, to rely (up)on, to look for, to listen to, to wait for:I rely on you to come in time. Can’t I count upon you to help me?
The gerund, however, is also possible here, e.g.: I rely on your coming in lime.
After the verb to listen to the Infinitive is used without the particle “to”.
He was listening attentively to the chairman speak.
The For – to – Infinitive Construction
In the for – to – infinitive construction the infinitive (usually an infinitival phrase) is in predicate relation to a noun in the common case or a pronoun in the objective case introduced by the preposition “for”.
The construction is used where the doer of the action (or the hearer of the state), expressed by the infinitive, is different from that of the finite verb (the predicate).
| The doer of the action of the finite verb and of the infinitive is the same. | The doer of the action of the finite verb and of the infinitive is not the same. |
| We are sorry to leave the seaside so soon. | We are sorry for you to leave the seaside very soon. |
| I have closed the window not to catch cold. | I have closed the window for her not to catch cold. |
| He longed to see the truth. | He longed for me to see the truth. |
| All I want is to get out of here for good. | All I want is for Jack to get out of here for good. |
In translating this construction into Ukrainian a subordinate clause or an infinitive is used:
He longed for me to see the truth.
Він дуже хотів, щоб я дізнався правди.
The construction can have different functionsin the sentence. It can be:
1. Complex subject (often introduced by the introductory “it”): For me to hear him was disturbing. It was difficult for him to do anything else.
Exceptions:
The for-to-infinitive constructioncannot be used after:
It’s sensible of somebody to do something з вашого боку …
It’s nice of you to help him. – Мило з вашого боку, що ви допомогли йому.
2. Complex predicative. In this function the construction is usually used with the link-verb “to be”: That was for him to find out. What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly.
3. Complex object. The construction functions as object of both verbs and adjectives:
a)She watched for the door to open. He asked for the papers to be brought.
b) His family were anxious for him to do something. I’m so glad for you to have come at last.
Complex object may also be introduced by the formal “it”: I think it necessary for you to take a taxi. I believe itbest for you to stay here. Your attitude made itdifficult for him to tell the truth.
4. Complex attribute:There was no need for him to be economical. There’s nobody here for me to play with. Where is there for me to go?
5. Complex adverbial modifier of purpose:She paused for him to continue. He stepped aside for me to pass.
6. Complex adverbial modifier of result/consequence:
too old for somebody to do something
old enough for somebody to do something
He spoke loud enough for her to hear.
The wall was too high for anything to be visible.
Exercises:
1. Insert the infinitive with the particle “to” before it where necessary:
1. She began (to talk) of Moscow. 2. I don’t want them (to think) you in the wrong. 3. It was a command from her mother, and there was nothing for her (to do) but (to obey) it. 4. You must (to take) care not (to offend) her. 5. I’d rather not (to go) home that way. 6. “I think we’d better (to go) and (to get) dry,” he said. 7. I stood by the door and watched him (to take) the drinks over to Wells. 8. “Do you want (to write)?” – “Of course.” – “Then why not (to write) it?” 9. It heartened Mary (to hear) him (to speak) so lightly. 10. How dare you (to interfere) with my private concerns? No, don’t speak. Don’t try (to excuse) yourself. 11. Liza felt herself (to grow) red to the tips of her toes. 12. I had not seen Jimmie (to lose) his temper before. 13. Mrs. Carey rose (to help) her (to lay) the cloth. 14. Why not (to make) him a doctor like his father? 15. He would never cease (to regret) his lost opportunities. 16. I want (to begin) (to earn) my corn. 17. I used (to spend) a lot of time in Robinson’s rooms. 18. He never let himself (to be) angry.
2. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle “to” where necessary:
1. I want (to go) to the East. 2. That was the last thing she expected (to hear) him (to say). 3. At that hour she was unaccustomed (to disturb) by anyone. 4. She couldn’t let herself (to cry). 5. He wished (to make) the most of his opportunity. 6. He seemed (to think) over what he wanted (to say). 7. I watched the shore (to come) close, then (to swing) away, then (to come) closer. 8. He wants (to congratulate) you in person. 9. “As soon as Joe gets here,” Mel instructed, “I want (to notify) wherever I am.” 10. The question is, what had I better (to do) with this house? 11. Wrap up my lunch, child. I must (to go) now. 12. He doesn’t like (to keep) waiting. 13. I don’t like (to see) men (to cry). I don’t even like (to see) women or babies (to cry). 14. I hate (to leave) our fine house. 15. They do nothing but (to talk) about it all day long. 16. There was nothing (to do) but (to knit) all day long. 17. His face showed his grief and how upset he was, and his eyes seemed (to ask) for consolation. 18. He had felt that they should (to bring) up by their mother. 19. But he dared not (to ask) what was in her mind. 20. He felt that her friends ought (to choose) for her. 21. “We’re just going in,” he said to Bosinney; “You’d better (to come) back to dinner with us.” 22. The street and the house were quiet, but from St Charles Avenue and beyond could (to hear) distant sounds of the awakening city. 23. I have never heard anyone but them (to do) so.
3. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle “to” where necessary:
1. I decided (to make) a fuss, and went (to look) for Robinson. 2. We walked to the door and I saw her (to go) in and down the hall. I liked (to watch) her (to move). 3. Let’s (to go) and (to find) him, he’s sure (to be) in front of his picture. 4. It’s very interesting (to hear) you (to say) that. 5. Some important decisions must (to make) soon. 6. You must (to do) something heroic at that time. 7. I think he must (to suffer) from injury now. 8. You must (to dream) of it long. 9. She liked, passionately (to like), (to think) worthy of confidence. 10. Let me (to hold) the baby, Scarlett. Oh, I know how (to hold) babies. 11. She noticed that he seemed (to look) at the sideboard and with her engaging smile leaned forward. 12. Do you want (to make) something (to happen)? 13. But there is something else (to do). 14. I have not done much for you. You might (to ask) much more at that time. 15. “If you’ve got nothing to say,” I said, “Why (to try) (to say) it? Why not (to have) a little rest?” 16. There was one more announcement (to make).
4. State the syntactic function of the infinitive:
1. He began to describe in detail the beauties of the picture. 2. She didn’t trouble to put on a hat. 3. To dine there on a June evening was a delight. 4. The only thing she could do was to give advice. 5. We used to spend a lot of in a Greek club. 6. They planned to spend their two week’s summer holiday in London. 7. I’d better come round and see what I can do for you. 8. He had other things to think of. 9. His boots stood in front of the fire to warm. 10. She was silent as they continued to walk. 11. Harry refused to go with them. 12. It is depressing to read about depression. 13. You’d better go home and talk it over with your husband. 14. He was not the man to take back the offer he had made. 15. I don’t think I look strong enough to drag a baby up the mountain. 16. I know I ought not to have come here. 17. He was too timid to speak. 18. She hurried away to fetch an egg. 19. Our aim was to find Robinson’s house. 20. I don’t want to quarrel with you. 21. His pipe ceased to draw. 22. I nodded and tried to look pleased. 23. I think the pain is going to start again at any minute.
5. Use the appropriate form of the infinitive in brackets:
1. He must (to read) something funny; he is smiling all the time. 2. They seemed (to learn) the news; they looked excited. 3. This book is said (to sell) out already. 4. I am glad (to introduce) you. 5. The box was (to handle) with care. You should (to ask) someone (to help) you. This might not (to happen). 6. This man must (to sit) here for about an hour. Who can he (to wait) for? 7. Her mood seems (to change) for the worse. We had better not (to speak) to her now. 8. The first thing (to do) was (to get) somebody (to take) the luggage to the station. 9. Look how animated they are! It must be nice (to dance) like that. 10. I am sorry (to disappoint) you but I did not mean anything of the kind. 11. He is happy (to award) the first Landscape Prize for his picture. 12. He was anxious (to take) the first place in the figure skating competition. 13. The poem can easily (to memorize). 14. This poem is easy (to memorize). 15. I meant (to ask) you about it long ago but I had no opportunity. 16. I did not expect (to ask) this question. 17. There were so many things (to do), so many experiments (to try). 18. Don’t you worry about him, he is sure (to have) a good time at the moment. 19. Why (to go) into that matter at all? 20. The teacher expected him (to give) a better answer at the examination. 21. They are supposed (to experiment) in this field for about a year and are believed (to achieve) good results.
6. Choose the proper form of the infinitives in brackets:
1. I’ve tried (to plan, to have planned) you a house here with some self-respect of its own. 2. “Well,” he said, “there’s nothing more (to see, to be seen) here.” 3. Did he ever ask you (to engage, to be engaged) or talk about marrying? 4. What happened is a very long time ago. I’m going (to ask, to have asked) her to let bygones be bygones. 5. Henet was one of those people whose fate is (to devote, to be devoted) to others and to have no one devoted to them. 6. It had been the Christmas Eve custom of the Carter’s (to hang, to have hanged) up their children’s stockings and (to fill, to have filled) them with inexpensive toys. 7. George Mellis was (to meet, to have met) his wife the evening before at Dark Harbour, but he had not shown up. 8. She watched him with lips ready (to speak, to have spoken) at any minute. 9. I had no cases of special interest (to attend, to be attended). 10. He meant (to come, to have come) and (to see, to have seen) them but failed to do so.
7. Use the infinitives in brackets in the appropriate form:
1. It was foolish not ______ (to call) a doctor, but I did not, well, out of respect for her feeling. 2. She was prepared _______ (to think) wrong-headed, but not naïve. 3. Come, I have finished _______ (to dig) and am going _______ (to plant). 4. I’m deeply sorry _______ (to involve) you in this. 5. At home Mrs. Goff would have kept my supper. You had to be on the dot _______ (to feed), so I usually went with one or the other _________ (to have) cheese rolls and beer. 6. Don’t expect comfort. You’ve just got ______ (to be) thankful if we get bed _______ (to sleep) on and a roof over our heads. 7. “Perhaps,” suggested Rollock, “the man didn’t want ________ (to see) turning into the house from the road.” 8. At last Mor allowed himself _______ (to persuade). 9. “Do you want _______ (to come) in and (to wash) up?” he asked suddenly. “No, thanks,” said John. “I ought ________ (to go) home – my wife‘ll be worried.” 10. I began _______ (to walk) very slowly.
8. Use the infinitive in brackets in the appropriate form after the modal verbs:
1. Old Jolyon said simply, “I suppose I oughtn’t _______ (to come) here, Jo.” 2. I fancy he must ________ (to take pains) to conceal what happened. 3. “You shouldn’t ________ (to leave) your lift door unbolted, miss. You really shouldn’t.” “I shan’t again,” said Pat, with a shiver. 4. If you don’t mind – I should much _______ (to oblige) if you would stay. 5. She knew that she ought _______ (to jump) out of bed, put her arms round her mother, and attempt to comfort her. 6. He wished Chilla was still there, and he could _______ (point) her out to him. 7. He must ________ (to get) tired of going up and down in lifts. 8. They’re all grown up, as old as the hills, and Mama thinks you might ___________ (to bore). Should you mind staying here? 9. On this she left the room, and, glancing at my watch, I hurried out to pay some visits that ought _________ (to make) earlier in the day. 10. “Why, you’ve been crying,” he said. “You oughtn’t _________ (to cry) at your age.”
9. Turn the following sentences into sentences with complex subject:
Model: It seems that he is not in the habit of coming in time. – He seems not to be in the habit of coming in time.
A.1. It seemed to him that his father was inclined to be patient with him. 2. It was felt that she was perfectly capable of taking care of herself. 3. It is believed that his advice was ignored. 4. They say that he is honest. 5. A group of people at the gangway saw that the boat came into harbour.
Model: He was taken aback. (to seem) – He seemed to be taken aback.
B.1. She is busy today. (to seem) 2. The situation has changed a lot. (to appear) 3. The Crimea was visited by numerous hikers last summer. (to know) 4. He didn’t have any money with him. (to happen) 5. Amy Driffield would never speak to me again. ( unlikely)
10. Complete the following, using the correct form of the infinitive; translate the sentences into Ukrainian:
1. He seems (to choose) books for a whole hour. 2. He didn’t answer at once. He seemed (to clear) his throat. 3. You always seem (to leave) your things all around the place. 4. She looks sad. She appears (to hear) the news. 5. She didn’t seem (to look) at me but at somebody behind. 6. She heard the remark, but she didn’t appear (to hurt). 7. He seems (to wear) the same suit the whole year. 8. She didn’t seem (to interest) in the problem. 9. He seems (to fail) with his new job. 10. The letter doesn’t seem (to reach) him. 11. They seem (to use) this method for years. 12. Why did he rush away so suddenly? He seems (have) some business to attend to.
11. Paraphrase the following so as to use a complex subject, use the verb in brackets:
1. Life begins at 40. (to believe) 2. Tastes change with age. (to say) 3. The lecture will be attended by all the students. (to suppose) 4. The department will have to employ another ten people in connection with the seasonal rush of orders. (to expect) 5. The driver has crossed the traffic lights when they were red. (to believe) 6. The results of the experiment surpassed all expectations. (to say) 7. The new play was received with indifference. (to say) 8. Atlantis, an island in the Atlantic Ocean, first mentioned by Plato sank into the sea. (to say) 9. The Greek and Roman myths and legends are an important part of our cultural heritage. (to consider)
12. Transform the following sentences into sentences with complex object:
Model: I still consider they are right. – I still consider them to be right.
A.1. He saw that the woman turned round the corner. 2. They required that I should arrive at 8 a. m. 3. The judge ordered that the prisoner should be remanded. 4. I believe that they are very good at physics and other pure sciences. 5. He did what he could, though considered he got little thanks for it from his wife and five kids.
Model: She reddened on hearing these words. (to see) – He saw her redden on hearing these words.
B.He went downstairs. (to hear) 2. They married a year ago. (to believe) 3. He ate much and slept after lunch. (to force, to induce) 4. His clothes looked smart. (to like) 5. I feel quite at home here. (to make)
13. State the syntactic function of the “for – to – infinitive – construction”:
1. On the first occasion it was necessary for him to indicate his requirements to her. 2. The top of this was covered with a thin layer of soil and coarse grass and shaded with young trees. There was not enough soil for them to grow to any height. 3. He waited impatiently for Eliza to go on. 4. There is nothing for you to do but leave at once. 5. The best thing is for you to do it now. 6. She spread jam for him and cut up the bread and butter into convenient slices for the child to eat.
14. Define the function of the “for – complex”:
1. I think it dangerous for us to go to the Crimea in this old car. 2. He has reached the age when it is necessary for him to think of the future. 3. The idea was not clear enough for young people to understand. 4. My advice is for you to keep away from colds. 5. There was nothing for them to argue about. 6. We stopped the bus for the tourists to get on. 7. It was a reasonable remark for her to make. 8. The best thing is for you to send them a telegram. 9. The streets were too busy for us to drive fast. 10. He repeated it twice for everybody to understand him. 11. That day there was no business for me to attend to. 12. It’s important for a woman to always be dressed in good taste. 13. He held the door open for her to come in. 14. We are sorry for you to have left the seaside so soon. 15. The climb was too dangerous for us to risk our lives.
15. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use “for – to – infinitive –construction”:
1. Sandy stood at the kitchen door waiting till Miss Browdie came for a walk by the sea. 2. It is time that you should go, Tom. 3. There was nobody who she could speak to. 4. A peasant was walking wearily towards us, and we waited till he came up to us in order to ask the way again. 5. Janet sat and waited till they went away. 6. She then sat down in Mrs. Anthony’s chair and waited till the kettle boiled. 7. Was it possible that she could forget him? 8. Then she made her way to the kitchen where the tray had been set by Mrs. Anthony and waited till Mrs. Pettigrew made the tea. 9. He waited till she spoke.
16. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Она позвонила, чтобы они навестили ее в начале сентября. 2. Джейн была очень рада, что может поехать отдыхать со своей сестрой. 3. Она говорила достаточно громко, чтобы все могли ее хорошо слышать. 4. Она ждала, пока Анна вернется с прогулки. 5. Она ждала, пока муж заплатит за такси. 6. В восемь часов дети вошли, чтобы сказать спокойной ночи, и подошли к матери, чтобы она могла их поцеловать. 7. Моим друзьям было трудно успевать за мной. 8. Он позвонил, чтобы сестра пригласила нового пациента. 9. Мне трудно подниматься по лестнице.
17. State the function of a simple infinitive or an infinitive construction:
1. Surely it is not at all necessary to go into details. 2. I rose to receive my guests. 3. He seems to be satisfied to be doing nothing. 4. Passing by a radio – shop he suddenly remembered to buy some tape for his recorder. 5. At the sight of the man I felt an impulse to laugh. 6. Her first action was to visit the establishment of a famous dressmaker. 7. I could not help but tell him everything about the past two months. 8. He was too astonished to speak. 9. It is a great pleasure to make your acquaintance. 10. The best thing Lanny could do was to get out of here. 11. Soon the boy began to take an interest in his surroundings. 12. To know London is to know the contrasts of a big capitalist city. 13. He waited for her to speak but it seemed that her answer would never come. 14. It is said that the best way to see London is from the top of the bus. 15. I would like to get these shoes half – soled. 16. I want you to tell me what you know of the East End. 17. Lanny watched Mabel go.
THE GERUND
The gerund developed from the verbal noun, which in course of time became verbalised preserving at the same time its nominal character.
The gerund is formed by adding the suffix -ing to the stem of the verb, and coincides in form with Participle I.
Translate into English using Oblique Moods.
Variant 1.
1. Желательно, чтобы доклад обсудили перед конференцией.
2. Мне кажется сомнительным, чтобы она забыла о таком важном деле.
3. Разве не удивительно, что она успешно сдала экзамены несмотря на болезнь.
4. Я не понимаю, почему он так рассердился.
5. Я далек от того, чтобы осуждать вас, но сам бы я так не поступил.
6. Мы бы относились к нему лучше, если бы он не был таким высокомерным.
7. Вы могли бы приобрести больше опыта, если бы работали вместе с нами.
8. Мы бы попытались убедить ее, если бы надеялись, что она последует нашим советам.
9. Если бы только он мог помочь нам!
10. Вода сегодня холодная. Детям лучше бы не купаться.
Variant 2.
1. Его поразило, что такое еще возможно в наше время.
2. Декан распорядился, чтобы во время собрания в зал никого не пускали.
3. Он пришел в ярость при мысли, что все это время за ним следили.
4. Если поезд вдруг будет опаздывать, позвоните мне.
5. Если вам доведется побывать в нашем городе, дайте нам знать.
6. Он сожалел, что не пошел с нами вчера в лес. Мы набрали много грибов и ягод.
7. Пора бы детям приниматься за уроки. Уже 6 часов, а они еще ничего не сделали.
8. Казалось, мои слова рассердили его.
9. Хорошо бы сейчас оказаться дома. Нам всем пора отдохнуть. Я бы тут же лег спать и проспал целые сутки.
10. Если бы я получил необходимые данные на прошлой неделе, я бы закончил работу завтра.
Variant 3.
1. Повторите ваши инструкции еще раз, чтобы я ничего не напутал.
2. Ни к чему постоянно выглядывать в окно, чтобы вас в конце концов заметили.
3. Мы решили взять большой запас провизии на случай, если придется задержаться.
4. В случае, если тебе придется неожиданно уехать, оставь мне записку.
5. Пожалуйста, оставайтесь с больным. Если он вдруг попросит чего-нибудь, скажите доктору.
6. Если бы мы заказали билеты заранее, мы могли бы отправиться на юг на этой неделе.
7. Как жаль, что идет дождь. Дети могли бы пойти погулять.
8. Если бы только он мог помочь нам!
9. Ей хотелось бы владеть английским лучше. Тогда она могла бы читать английский книги в оригинале.
10. Ты ведешь себя как маленький ребенок. Пора тебе быть серьезнее.
Variant 4.
1. Я буду дома весь вечер на случай, если ты передумаешь.
2. Если вдруг возникнут трудности, позвони мне.
3. Я оставил письмо на столе, чтобы он увидел его, как только вернется.
4. Он любит шутить, и что бы он ни сказал, не обижайся на него.
5. Мы требуем, чтобы все условия были соблюдены.
6. Как жаль, что я не умею кататься на коньках так же хорошо, как она. Когда смотришь на нее, кажется, будто она летит.
7. Мы бы не опоздали, даже если вышли бы на 15 минут позже.
8. Было похоже, что она плакала, хотя она делала вид, что ничего не случилось.
9. Если бы он пришел сюда завтра, мы бы обсудили эту проблему.
10. Предположим, он написал бы вам, вы бы стали отвечать?
Variant 5.
1. Да сопутствует вам успеx.
2. Необходимо, чтобы все документы были подготовлены заранее.
3. Странно, что он не смог ответить на такой простой вопрос.
4. Мы все боялись, чтобы мост не обрушился под тяжестью машины.
5. Будете проходить мимо, непременно загляните к нам.
6. Если бы он пришел вчера, мы бы решили эту проблему.
7. Если бы только он успел прийти вовремя!
8. Я думаю, вам лучше сказать им об этом сразу.
9. У него был такой вид, как будто он вот-вот расплачется.
10. Я вовсе не хочу идти на дискотеку. Ведь мне не двадцать лет!
ЗАДАНИЕ V.
Choose the correct from of a verbal (gerund, infinitive, participle) and comment upon its grammatical categories (tense, voice, aspect) if any.
Variant 1.
1. Next time we go (house-hunt), remember (ask) the agent for clear directions. I wasted hours (look) for the last house.
2. Every feature seemed (sharpen) since he saw her last.
3. We suggested (sleep) in hotels but the children were anxious (camp) out.
4. They don’t allow (smoke) in the auditorium; they don’t want (risk) (set) it on fire, but you can (smoke) in the foyer during the interval.
5. I had to smile as if I didn’t mind (insult). (11)
Variant 2.
1. He hasn’t come yet, he must (work) in the reading hall.
2. The old miser spent all his time (count) his money and (think) up new hiding-places.
3. He kept (move) it about because he was terrified of (rob).
4. He used (get) up at night sometimes (make) sure it was still there.
5. My roommate says I have a terrible voice, so I stopped (sing) in the shower.
6. No one likes (to keep) waiting.
7. I tried (to tell) you the truth but you wouldn’t listen. (10)
Variant 3.
1. We could hear the noise of furniture (move).
2. He would not stop (ask) questions until he made it all clear.
3. He is said (put away) a small fortune.
4. But there in nothing now ( wait) for.
5. (leave) their camp with the first light they reached the peak at dusk.
6. I don’t like your way (talk).
7. He appeared (listen).
8. Young Herndon had done preparatory work at college for a year, but, (not to admit) to the college proper, returned home.
9. She looks tired, she must (to work) since morning.
10. It’s no good (to deny) that. (10)
Variant 4.
1. A twelve year-old give was the first (attract) his attention or (attract) by him.
2. While (obey) my instructions he glanced at me now and then.
3. (be) away so long he was happy (come) back.
4. (wound) in the leg he limped a little.
5. I remember (lock) the door before I left but I forgot (shut) the windows.
6. Please remember (post) the letter.
7. At that hour she was unaccustomed (to disturb) by anyone.
8. She said she was sorry (to miss) it. (11)
Variant 5.
1. (to see) that no one else was coming, Mr. Lincoln rose.
2. Not for the moment did he show surprise at the wedding gift (to present) to him personally.
3. Jack broke the key (to attempt) to lock the door.
4. I just totally forgot (to pay) the phone bill.
5. My job involves (to travel) in the Far East a lot.
6. We regret (to inform) you that your request has been denied.
7. From there he had a clear view of the room, with the advantage that he could avoid (to observe).
8. Sorry, I didn’t phone you. I tried (to find) a phone but there wasn’t one around.
9. She seemed (to misunderstand) you.
10. George denied (to give) Dick any money. (10)
Exercise 1. Comment on the form of the infinitive.
INFINITIVE
a) 1. You must be careful with Dinny.
2. «Come along, Imogen,» said Winifred, «we must be getting back.»
3. You must have noticed her there.
4. The whole thing must have been going on under her eyes!
5. She’s like a beautiful exotic flower that must be sheltered from bitter winds.
6. This meeting, Edwina realized, must have been planned several hours ago.
b) 1. I want to know how long we are expected to wait.
2. He seemed to be weighing something in his mind.
3. You know how I hate to interfere in other people’s business.
4. First I considered myself to be standing high and lean, very fair, with a straight wide mouth.
5. Was the object attached to anything? No wires or anything? I mean, someone couldn’t have been having a joke or something?
6. He seemed to have taken his defeat quietly.
7. I rang the bell of the dependable family, and the man answered with remarkable promptness; he seemed to have been waiting for it to ring.
8. Martin had in the meantime made himself as comfortable as circumstances would permit.
Exercise 2. Define noun and verb characteristics of the infinitive.
1. Mr Gordon began to breathe heavily. 2. The Farrells like to tell jokes. 3. «She must have been combing her hair,» she said, «when they came for her.» 4. I haven’t meant to scold and don’t expect to be scolded. 5. He demanded to be taken to see the baby. 6. Could you ask him to come as soon as he can? 7. To hear him talk is an education in itself. 8. There’s nothing to be done with her. 9. Well, I think we ought to be starting. 10. I cannot imagine why you should ever have been prevented from seeing the baby. 11. Jimmie tells me he is prepared to sign the statement. 12. They must be intending to go for a swim. 13. You might have thought of Miguel. 14. Our task is to master English.
Exercise 3. Insert the infinitive with the particle to before it where necessary.
1. She began (to talk) of Moscow. 2. I don’t want them (to think) you in the wrong. 3. It was a command from her mother, and there was nothing for her (to do) but (to obey) it. 4. You must (to take) care not (to offend) her. 5. I’d rather not (to go) home that way. 6. «I think we’d better (to go) and (to get) dry,» he said. 7. I stood by the door and watched him (to take) the drinks over to Wells. 8. «Do you want (to write)?» — «Of course.» — «Then why not (to write) it?» 9. It heartened Mary (to hear) him (to speak) so lightly. 10. How dare you (to interfere) with my private concerns? No, don’t speak. Don’t try (to excuse) yourself. 11. Liza felt herself (to grow) red to the tips of her toes. 12. I had not seen Jimmie (to lose) his temper before. 13. Mrs Carey rose (to help) her (to lay) the cloth. 14. Why not (to make) him a doctor like his father? 15. He would never cease (to regret)
his lost opportunities. 16. I want (to begin) (to earn) my corn. 17.1 used (to spend) a lot of time in Robinson’s rooms. 18. He never let himself (to be) angry.
Exercise 4. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle to where necessary.
1. I want (to go) to the East. 2. That was the last thing she expected (to hear) him (to say). 3. At that hour she was unaccustomed (to disturb) by anyone. 4. She could not let herself (to cry). 5. He wished (to make) the most of his opportunity. 6. He seemed (to think) over what he wanted (to say). 7. I watched the shore (to come) close, then (to swing) away, then (to come) closer. 8. He wants (to congratulate) you in person. 9. «As soon as Joe gets here,» Mel instructed, «I want (to notify) wherever I am.» 10. The question is, what had I better (to do) with this house? 11. Wrap up my lunch, child. I must (to go) now. 12. He doesn’t like (to keep) waiting. 13.1 don’t like (to see) men (to cry). I don’t even like (to see) women or babies (to cry). 14. I hate (to leave) our fine house. 15. They do nothing but (to talk) about it all day long. 16. There was nothing (to do) but (to knit) all day long. 17. His face showed his grief and how upset he was, and his eyes seemed (to ask) for consolation. 18. He had felt that they should (to bring) up by their mother. 19. But he dared not (to ask) what was in her mind. 20. He felt that her friends ought (to choose) for her. 21. «We’re just going in,» he said to Bosinney. «You’d better (to come) back to dinner with us.» 22. The street and house were quiet, but from St Charles Avenue and beyond could (to hear) distant sounds of the awakening city. 23. I have never heard anyone but them (to do) so.
Exercise 5. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle to where necessary.
1. I decided (to make) a fuss, and went (to look) for Robinson. 2. We walked to the door and I saw her (to go) in and down the hall. I liked (to watch) her (to move). 3. Let’s (to go) and (to find) him, he’s sure (to be) in front of his picture. 4. It’s very interesting (to hear) you (to say) that. 5. Some important decisions must (to make) soon. 6. You must (to do) something heroic at that time. 7. I think he must (to suffer) from injury now. 8. You must (to dream) of it long. 9. She liked, passionately (to like), (to think) worthy of confidence. 10. Let me (to hold) the baby, Scarlett. Oh, I know how (to hold) babies. 11. She noticed that he seemed (to look) at the sideboard and with her engaging smile leaned forward. 12. Do you want (to make) something (to happen)? 13. But there is something else (to do). 14. I have not done much for you. You might (to ask) much more at that time. 15. «If you’ve got nothing to say,» I said, «why (to try) (to say) it? Why not (to have) a little rest?» 16. There was one more announcement (to make).
Exercise 6. State the syntactic function of the infinitive.
1. He began to describe in detail the beauties of the picture. 2. She did not trouble to put on a hat. 3. To dine there on a June evening was a delight. 4. The only thing she could do was to give advice. 5. We used to spend a lot of time in a Greek club. 6. They planned to spend their two weeks’ summer holiday in London. 7. I’d better come round and see what I can do for you. 8. He had other things to think of. 9. His boots stood in front of the fire to warm. 10. She was silent as they continued to walk. 11. Harry refused to go with them. 12. It is depressing to read about depression. 13. You’d better go home and talk it over with your husband. 14. He was not the man to take back the offer he had made. 15. I don’t think I look strong enough to drag a baby up the mountain. 16. I know I ought not to have come here. 17. He was too timid to speak. 18. She hurried away to fetch an egg. 19. Our aim was to find Robinson’s house. 20.1 don’t want to quarrel with you. 21. His pipe ceased to draw. 22.1 nodded and tried to look pleased. 23.1 think the pain is going to start again at any minute.
Exercise 7. Translate the sentences into Russian, using the infinitive from the following list as:
a) subject to repair, to hear, to speak, to wait, to search
Дата добавления: 2015-10-29 ; просмотров: 833 | Нарушение авторских прав
To” instead of the whole infinitive
Home assignment
Kobrina. § 97-100 (102-105)
Ex.l. Choose the proper form of the infinitive in brackets:
1. I’ve tried to plan you a house here with some self-respect of its own. 2. «Well,» he said, «there’s nothing more (to see, to be seen) here.» 3. Did he ever ask you to engage or talk about marrying? 4. What happened is a very long time ago, I’m going to ask her to let b`ygones (забыть прошлое). 5. Henet was one of those people whose fate is to be devoted to others and to have no one devoted to them. 6. It had been the Christmas Eve custom of the Carters’ to hang up their children’s stockings and to fill them with inexpensive toys. 7. He promised to come and see them before he left. 8. She watched him with lips ready to speak at any minute. 9. I had no cases of special interest to attend. 10. He had to say: “I am sorry to have caused you such distress.”
Ex.2. Use the Infinitive in brackets in the appropriate form:
Ex.3. Translate into Russian paying attention to the form of the infinitive aft the modal verbs:
§ 1. The infinitive without “to”
The formal sign of the infinitive is the particle “to”. In most cases the infinitive is used with it:
However there are some cases when we omit the particle.
Ex.1.
 |
Cases of omitting “to” before the infinitive:
1. After modal and auxiliary verbs.
2. after rather than:
3. in the construction «Complex Object» after some verbs of sense perception: see, hear, feel, watch, notice, after the causative verbs let, make and have:
The construction “Complex object”
| The verb | The indirect object | The infinitive |
| Я заставил | их | вернуть деньги. |
“To” is not omitted in the construction “The complex object” after other verbs:
Ex.2. Supply where necessary the particle to before the infinitive used as “complex object”:
4. In questions starting with Why (not) + Infinitive. The point of the question is usually to suggest that it is stupid or pointless to do smth. Such questions introduce suggestions or advice:
5. when two infinitives are joined by and, or, except, but, than the second infinitive is often without «to»:
6. in clauses which explain the exact meaning of DO the infinitive can be without «to»:
Ex.3.
 |
To” instead of the whole infinitive
We can put only the particle «to» instead of the whole Infinitive in the following cases:
1. instead of repeating the whole of an infinitive expression:
2. Sometimes «to» is dropped after adjectives and nouns and some verbs, such as try:
After want and would like “to” cannot normally be left out:
Ex.4.
 |
Test “Forms of the infinitive & the particle “to”
Kobrina § 96-100 (100-105)
Ex.1. Insert the infinitive with the particle to before it where necessary:
Ex.2. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle to where necessary:
I want (to go) to the East. 2. That was the last thing she expected (to hear) him (to say). 3. At that hour she was unaccustomed (to disturb) by anyone. 4. She could not let herself (to cry). 5. He wished (to make) the most of his opportunity. 6. He seemed (to think) over what he wanted (to say). 7. I watched the shore (to come) close, then (to swing) away, then (to come) closer. 8. He wants (to congratulate) you in person. 9. “As soon as Joe gets here,” Mel instructed, “I want (to notify) wherever I am.” 10. The question is, what had I better (to do) with this house? 11. Wrap up my lunch, child. I must (to go) now. 12. He doesn’t like (to keep) waiting. 13. I don’t like (to see) men (to cry). I don’t even like (to see) women or babies (to cry). 14. I hate (to leave) our fine house. 15. They do nothing but (to talk) about it all day long. 16. There was nothing (to do) but (to knit) all day long. 17. His face showed his grief and how upset he was, and his eyes seemed (to ask) for consolation. 18. He had felt that they should (to bring) up by their mother. 19. But he dared not (to ask) what was in her mind. 20. He felt that her friends ought (to choose) for her. 21. “We’re just going in,” he said to Bosinney. “You’d better (to come) back to dinner with us.” 22. The street and house were quiet, but from St Charles Avenue and beyond could (to hear) distant sounds of the awakening city. 23. I have never heard anyone but them (to do) so.
Ex.3. Use the required form of the infinitive in brackets. Insert the particle to where necessary:
I decided (to make) a fuss, and went (to look) for Robinson. 2. We walked to the door and I saw her (to go) in and down the hall. I liked (to watch) her (to move). 3. Let’s (to go) and (to find) him, he’s sure (to be) in front of his picture. 4. It’s very interesting (to hear) you (to say) that. 5. Some important decisions must (to make) soon. 6. You must (to do) something heroic at that time. 7. I think he must (to suffer) from injury now. 8. You must (to dream) of it long. 9. She liked, passionately (to like), (to think) worthy of confidence. 10. Let me (to hold) the baby, Scarlett. Oh, I know how (to hold) babies. 11. She noticed that he seemed (to look) at the sideboard and with her engaging smile leaned forward. 12. Do you want (to make) something (to happen)? 13. But there is something else (to do). 14. I have not done much for you. You might (to ask) much more at that time. 15. “If you’ve got nothing to say,» I said, “why (to try) (to say) it? Why not (to have) a little rest?” 16. There was one more announcement (to make).
Дата добавления: 2015-10-24 ; просмотров: 796 | Нарушение авторских прав