At what age did children usually stop going to school

Добрый вечер! Помогите с переводом по анг. Вариант 3

Вариант 3
1. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. At what age do children go to school in Great Britain
2. What does primary school include?
THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN GREAT BRITAIN
1. Public education in Great Britain consists of Primary, Secondary and Further Education. Primary and Secondary education is compulsory for all children. Further education is voluntary.
2. All children in Great Britain go to school when they are five. They leave school at the age of fifteen but many boys and girls stay at school until they are sixteen-seventeen and go to further education or to university.
3. The primary school includes nursery school (2-5), infant school] (5-7) and junior school (7-11). The full secondary school age ranges from] 11 to 18. Children go to a grammar school, or to a secondary modern school, or to a secondary technical school, or to a comprehensive school.
4. The academic year begins after summer holidays and has three terms with the interval between them. Day-schools work on Mondays to Fridays only, from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.
5. Before lessons start, the teacher and all the boys and girls meet for prayers. Then they go to the classroom for the first lesson. At one о ‘с1оck children have a break for lunch. The break lasts about an hour. After lunch there is still time to go out and play.
2. Переведите в письменной форме абзацы 1, 2, 4.
3. Выберите нужную форму глагола tobeи переведите предложения на русский язык:
1. They (are, were, will be) first-year students now.
2. She (is, was, will be) a professor at Oxford two years ago.
3. I (am, was, will be) an engineer in five years.
4. Напишите предложения в вопросительной, а затем в отрицательной форме и переведите их на русский язык:
1. Children have a break for lunch in the morning.
2. We hada difficult test yesterday.
3. He will have an interesting job next year.
5. Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite Tense (прошедшее неопределенное время) :
1. My brother (to get) a grant for further education.
2. The teacher (to ask) many questions at the lesson.
3. He (to go) to primary school at the age of five.
6. Составьте три предложения, используя слова, данные в колон¬ках, и переведите их на русский язык:
There is many institutes in our country
well-equipped
language
laboratories
There are a good library at our university
many students

7. Заполните пропуски предлогами по смыслу:
1. There are 42 universities … Great Britain.
2. About 5% of the population in Great Britain go … public schools.
3. Last year my brother left school and got a job … a bank.

7. Заполните пропуски предлогами по смыслу:
1. Есть 42 университета … Великобритания.
2. Приблизительно 5 % населения в Великобритании идут … государственные школы.
3. В прошлом году мой брат покинул школу и получил работу … банк.

Education

In the early days, when Rome was a kingdom, kids did not go to school. Education took place in the home and was done by the family. If a family had someone who knew how to read and write, the boys were taught how. They were also taught how to be warriors. Finally, they were taught how to manage the farm or business and how to behave in society. All this teaching was done by other males in the household.

Girls were taught by the females in the household. They were taught how to run a household and how to be a good wife.

If they could afford it the family might hire a tutor to teach math and oration, but mostly the teaching was by the family.

This changed during the republic. The Romans saw how the Greeks taught their children using paid teachers to educate groups of students. The Romans figured that this was a pretty good system so they adopted it. However, school was not free. You had to pay the teacher, so poor children still did not go to school.

Teachers taught more than just reading and writing. They also taught math and Greek literature. But the main subject was Oration or public speaking.

School started before sunrise with students working using candles or oil lamps. They took a break for lunch and siesta, then worked again until late afternoon.

The goal of education in ancient Rome was to be an effective speaker.

At age 12 or 13, the boys of the upper classes attended «grammar» school, where they studied Latin, Greek, grammar, and literature. At age 16, some boys went on to study public speaking at the rhetoric school, to prepare for a life as an orator.

Here�s how it worked:

You may have heard that the ancient Romans could not read or write. Actually, the ancient Romans wrote quite a bit. Much of their pottery was signed. Very often, the bricks used to make buildings were stamped with their maker�s name. Lead pipes leading to these buildings, by law, were stamped. Scholars have found 200,000 Latin inscriptions and, incredibly, several thousands are still being found every year! From a stash of letters preserved by being waterlogged from being dumped in a well in Scotland, it would appear that some men in the regular Roman army could read and write. Scholarly estimates are at around 30% of all adult men in ancient Rome had the ability to read and write. That�s a lot, considering school was not free.

Reading, writing and arithmetic were important, but they were not as important as learning to become an effective speaker. The main goal of education was the same for everyone. The goal of education in ancient Rome was to become an effective speaker.

Roman Education

Education was very important to the Ancient Romans. The rich people in Ancient Rome put a great deal of faith in education. While the poor in Ancient Rome did not receive a formal education, many still learned to read and write. Children from rich families, however, were well schooled and were taught by a private tutor at home or went to what we would recognise as schools. In general, schools as we would recognise them, were for boys only. Also, Roman schools were rarely an individual building but an extension of a shop – separated from the crowd by a mere curtain!

Please enable JavaScript

Boys being educated

Learning in Roman schools was based on fear. Boys were beaten for the slightest offence as a belief existed that a boy would learn correctly and accurately if he feared being caned if he got something wrong. For boys who continued to get things wrong, some schools had a policy of having pupils held down by two slaves while his tutor beat him with a leather whip.

There was not a great deal of subject choice in a Roman school. Therefore a boredom threshold must have been quickly reached by children. This must have been made worse, by the fact that the school day was longer than children now are used to. It seems likely that during the school day, a child would rise at sunrise (not wanting to be late as this would lead to a caning), work all day with a short break at lunch, and then home to be in bed by sunset for the next day. Lessons were simply learned by heart. Children did not need to know why something was right – only to know that it was right and that they would escape a beating. Lessons were also simply dictated as there were no books as they were simply too expensive.

Please enable JavaScript

Children worked a seven-day week – there was no break for the weekend! However, this was not as dire as it appears. There were many school holidays – religious holidays (and there were many of them) meant that children did not have to go to school. Market days also resulted in school closures and children also had a summer holiday!

In general, girls did not go to school. Girls from rich families did receive an education, but this was done at home. Here they were taught how to run a good household and how to be a good wife in general – in preparation for the time they got married. Part of their education would have been music, sewing and the competent running of a kitchen.

For boys, practice made perfect. They were not allowed to write on what we would consider to be paper as it was very expensive. Boys first practised on a wax tablet. Only when they had shown that they could write well, were they allowed to write on paper – which was made on the Ancient Egyptian method of papyrus reeds. Their ‘pens’ were quills and their ink was a mixture of gum, soot and, sometimes, the ink from an octopus.

At what age did children usually stop going to school

Children in Britain must attend school from the age of 5 (4 in Northern Ireland) until they are 16. Before the start of formal schooling, many children attend nursery schools or nursery classes attached to primary schools. In addition, some parents elect to send their children to private (fee-paying) nursery schools or kindergartens. In England and Wales, many primary schools also operate an early admission policy where they admit children under 5 into what are called reception classes.

Children first attend the infants’ school or department. At 7 they move to the junior school and the usual age for transfer from junior to secondary school is 11 (12 in Scotland). In some areas, however, «first» schools take pupils aged 5 to 8, 9 or 10, and pupils within the 8 to 14 age range go to «middle» schools.

Q65. What are the different types of secondary school?

Over 85 per cent of secondary school pupils go to comprehensive schools. These take children of all abilities, and provide a wide range of secondary education for all or most of the children in a district from the age of 11 to 16 or 18.

There are also other types of secondary school. Grammar schools offer a mainly academic education for the 11 to 18-year age group. Children enter grammar schools on the basis of their abilities, first sitting the 11 plus or entrance examination. Grammar schools cater for four per cent of children in secondary education.

A small minority of children attend secondary modern schools (around four per cent). These schools provide a more general and technical education for children aged 11-16.

City Technology Colleges (CTCs) aim to give boys and girls a broad secondary education with a strong technological and business slant. They are non-fee-paying independent schools, set up by the Government with the help of business sponsors who finance a large proportion of the initial capital costs and develop links with the schools. There are now 15 such colleges in operation in England and Wales.

Specialist schools, which only operate in England, give pupils a broad secondary education with a strong emphasis on technology, languages, arts or sports. There are over 250 specialist schools. They charge no fees and any secondary school can apply for specialist school status.

Q66. Why are «public» schools so called?

The independent school sector is separate from the state educational system,and caters for some seven per cent of all schoolchildren in England and four per cent in Scotland.

Parents of pupils attending independent schools pay for their education, and in some cases fees can amount to several thousand pounds a year. Some pupils gain scholarships and their expenses are covered by the schools.

About 250 of the larger independent schools are known for historical reasons as public schools. Eton, which was founded in 1440, is said to have been the first grammar schools to be called a «public school» because scholars could come to it from any part of England and not, as was generally the case, just from the immediate neighbourhood.

Originally, many public schools stressed a classical education, character training and sports, but the curriculum is now closely allied to state education.

In Northern Ireland there are a few independent fee paying schools catering for a very small proportion of the school population; they do not receive any support from public funds.

Schools in Scotland supported by public funds are also called «public schools» but they are not fee-paying, independent schools.

Q67. Which is the oldest university in Britain?

The University of Oxford was the first university to be established in Britain. Dating from the 12th century, it is organised as a federation of colleges which are governed by their own teaching staff known as «Fellows». The oldest college, University College, was founded in 1249. Other notable colleges include All Souls (founded in 1438), Christ Church (founded in 1546 by Cardinal Wolsey), the college chapel of which is also Oxford Cathedral, and Lady Margaret Hall (founded in 1878), which was the first women’s college.

Today Oxford University is made up of 35 separate colleges, of which two are for women students only, and the rest take both men and women.

In 1208, scholars running away from riots in Oxford set up the first academic community in Cambridge. The University is also organised as a federation of colleges; the oldest, Peterhouse, dates from 1284. The largest college, Trinity, was founded by King Henry VIII in 1546.

Scotland also boasts a number of long-established universities. By the end of the Middle Ages Scotland had four universities at Edinburgh (founded 1583), Glasgow (founded 1450), Aberdeen (founded 1494) and St Andrew’s (founded 1411) compared to England’s two!

The University of Wales was founded in 1893. It consists of six colleges, the oldest one being St.David’s University College in Lampeter, founded in 1822.

Queen’s University, Belfast was founded in 1845 as Queen’s College, Belfast, part of the Queen’s University of Ireland which had other colleges at Cork and Galway. It received its charter as a separate university in 1908.

Открытый урок «Образование в Англии»

Тема урока : Education in Great Britain

Урок-дискуссия, обобщение с привлечением ролевых игр.

I. Организационный момент

Glad to see you. You’ve come here to practice listening & speaking English.

Let’s do it! I ask you to be active,bright and emotional

The theme of our lesson is “Education in Great Britain”

We shall discuss the ways of learning in Britain, compare British and Russian system of education and speak about the problems of learning.

Let’s revise our vocabulary. Could you explain the meaning of these words and word combinations and if you can give their synonyms:

to fail an exam

You remember that our theme is: “Education in Great Britain”. Some facts about primary education you have already learned. On the previous lessons you became to know more about secondary education from the text in your text books. Now let’s summarize our knowledge & add some information about “further education” in Great Britain.

Your task is: make a scheme of the system of education in Great Britain. I will ask you some questions. You should remember everything you know on the topic.

I want to give you some information about “further educations” in Britain. After taking GCSE exam young people can take three ways:

Now let’s make a scheme of the system of education in Great Britain to generalize your knowledge on the topic. Please, use these cards.

(Учащиеся по очереди выходят к доске и строят схему, используя приготовленные заранее карточки).

В итоге учащиеся строят на доске следующую схему:

Now we are going to listen to a part from the text about an old system of education in Britain. Your task is: listen to the text attentively and try to understand it.

Before comprehensive schools were introduced in 1965 by the British government all children took an exam at the age of 11 called «eleven-plus”. Those who got the best results at this exam (about 20 per cent) were chosen to go to the best state schools called «grammar schools», which gave secondary education of a rather high standard. Those who failed the 11+ (about 80 per cent) went to secondary modern schools. Secondary modern schools gave secondary education only in name and did not prepare schoolchildren for universities, as pupils were mainly prepared for practical jobs. A lot of people in Britain thought that this system of selection at the age of 11 was unfair on many children. So, comprehensive schools were introduced. But in a small number of counties they still keep the old system of grammar schools.

Have you understood the text? Now read the sentences from your cards and say if they are true or false and prove your opinion. MindthesocialEnglish. (Каждому ученику выдается карточка с верными и неверными предложениями по содержанию прослушанного текста).

Now, with the help of this scheme, let’s compare two systems of education: in Russia & in Great Britain.

Children go to school at the age of 5

Primary school is divided into two parts: infant and junior

Children finish primary school at the age of 11-12

Pupils go to the first form at the age of 11-12

Pupils finish secondary school at the age of 16

Pupils take the GCSE Exam at the age of 16

Please, make up your conclusion:

There are some differences in the age of pupils but as a whole the systems are quite alike.

By the way, we have a guest today. She came to Moscow some days ago from Manchester and I have invited her to our school. She is of your age and studies in school. You can ask her questions to know more about teenagers in Britain.

( Один ученик вызывается к доске в качестве « гостя из Манчестера», а остальные ученики задают ему вопросы о школе в Великобритании).

Thank you very much for the interview. Come again if you have time.

VI. Повторение грамматического материала .

I want you to review English grammar. I am going to give you the cards with the tests to review Subjunctive Mood.

Учащиеся выполняют тест по грамматике. Тест проверяется на уроке. Ошибки фиксируются и исправляются учащимися.

VII. Подведение итогов

I see you know much about schools in Britain. You can compare the systems of education in our country and in Britain. You became to know more facts about “further education” and you can go to Britain and enter any university or college but before it you should finish special preliminary course.

Our lesson is coming to the end. All of you have worked very well. Thank you. Your marks are…

VII. Домашнее задание

Now I ask you to give your opinion on a particular question. An international young people’s magazine is investigating the questions:

Your home task is: write a short article for the magazine on this topic, based on your own experience.

Another home task for you is: correct all mistakes in your cards.