At yesterday s seminar that the trade deficit

At yesterday s seminar that the trade deficit

Will have been reconstructed

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will be reconstructed

I liked

If I were you, I … a computer.

Would buy

will have bought

would have bought

We … learn from past

Must

… you like a cup of coffee?

Would

I don`t like films … have unhappy endings.

Which

To be

Neither am I

What … booms and depressions in free economies?

Causes

How long … you to answer all the questions?

Did it take

It is … a boring book that I don’t advise you to read it.

Such

In spite of Shakespeare’s fame we know very … about his life.

Little

The first film of this director is much more interesting … the second one.

Than

As far as I know he speaks neither Spanish … Italian.

Nor

Would you like … piece of cake?

Another

What … dress you’re wearing today!

a wonderful

… striking features of English life is the self-discipline of all classes.

One of the most

The one of most

The job was … worse than she had expected.

Much

The water of the Dead Sea is so salty that … live in it.

Nothing can

He’s hungry. He hasn’t had … breakfast this morning.

Any

Anywhere

A piece of advice

Yet

I’m afraid I haven’t … with me.

Any money

Yet

There are too … soap operas on the television.

Many

We’re going … in December.

To ski

The furniture in this shop … very expensive.

is

She is the … intelligent girl in the group.

Most

Take your umbrella. I think … going to rain.

It’s

What … to do next summer?

Are you going

— in crisis

18 The owners of the stadium … its maintenance last year.

— must have neglected

— should have neglecting

— had not to neglect

— ought to neglect

19 If Bill Gates hadn’t been in the right place at the right time, Microsoft … a household name.

— could have became

— would not have became

— wouldn’t have become

20 Minutes … to the chair for approval.

— are took and then submitted

— is taken and then submitted

— submitted and then taken

— are taken and then submitted

• If asked the assistant will tell … she knows.

to you everything what

it to you all what

You everything

• … by a firm, … theoretically produce.

The more well-trained workers will be employed … the more will it

More well-trained workers are employed … more it

The more well-trained workers are employed … the more that firm can

The more good-trained workers employed … more can it

• The British … newspaper-reading nations in the world.

are one of the biggest

is one of the biggest

• … in Britain has one or more local newspapers.

Almost every of areas

Nearly every area

Quite each area

Each of the area

• I’m exhausted because ….

I had been on the move all the time

I’ve been doing something for all day

I’ve been on the go all day

I was constantly moving all day long

• By this time next week you … of the participants.

will be informing every one

have informed everybody

‘ll have informed each

will inform every

if an opportunity doesn’t raise here soon

unless a chance doesn’t appear within the near future

until an opportunity doesn’t arise here

Unless an opportunity presents itself in the near future

Will have attended

will be attended

shall have attend

I shall leave only after I’ll manage to make my tutor see my point

I’ll leave after I’ve made the tutor see my point

I won’t leave unless my tutor isn’t made to see my point

I won’t be leaving until you have made the tutor to see my point

are going to be constructed

has been being constructed

Has been constructed

will have been constructed

shall write since

shall be writing during

Shall have been writing for

will not probably be preparing

won’t probably be making

Will have been doing

will be rewriting

Once

in this year in summer

in their remote childhood

are going to be send off

are sending off immediately

Have all been sent off

had already been posted

• Unless I … a quiet room I … to do my work.

haven’t … can’t be able

have … won’t be able

will be able to have … can

shall have … am unable

They were explained the procedure several … so difficult to follow

The professor explained to them the procedure a few … extreme difficult to follow

The procedure was explained a few … too difficult to follow

The procedure was explained to them few … too difficult to follow it

• You wouldn’t believe it. It … repaired after the accident.

At yesterday s seminar that the trade deficit

Упр.290 Раскройте скобки,употребляя глаголы в Passive Voice.

1.The rule explained by the teacher at the last lesson was understood by all of us.

3. I hope the invitation is accepted by everybody.

4.The letter will be posted in half an hour.

5. It seems to me that music is heard from the next room.

6. At the last competition the first prize was won by our team.

7. The question would be settled as soon as they arrived.

8. Your report must be divided into two chapters.

10.The book will be discussed at the next conference.

11.The composition must be handed in on Wednesday.

12.Yesterday he was told to prepare a speech.

13.The article was published last week, if I am not mistaken.

14.The lecture is attended by all of us.

15. A taxi was called fifteen minutes ago, so we are expecting it any monument.

16.The young man was introduced to me only a couple of hours ago, but it seems to me that I’ve known him for years.
Передайте следующие предложения в Passive Voice.

5) Three of these exercises must be done by you the next day.

6) The book you need can be found in any library.

7) These letters must be sent by us at once.

8) This mistake can be easily forgiven by me.

9) Such berries can be found by you everywhere.

10)This work must be done very carefully.

11)The doctor says she must be taken to hospital by them.

12)The work can be done by you in three days.

13)All the library books must be returned by the students before each summer vacation.

14)Even the tallest trees can be climbed by monkeys.

The Indefinite Tense Group. Grammar test.

The Indefinite Tense Group

Complete the sentences making the right choice:

1.I will talk to you again when I next … you.

a) see b)sees c)will see d)saw

2. We wanted to catch some rays but the sun never…the whole time we were there.

a) comes out b)is to come out c)was to come out d)came out

3. What … you call that kind of problem? You must have some special name for it.

a)does b) will c)would d) do

4. I never… sunrise. I am an early bird.

a).missed b) miss c)didn’t miss d)don’t miss

5. This car really… gas! Why not buy another?

a)is eating up b)ate up c)eats up d)has eaten up

6. When I am elected, you can be sure that the economic situation, the budget deficit, the trade deficit, and everything….

a)improves b)is going to improve c)will improve d)improving

7. This place always… so crowded during the season.

a)has got b)getting c)get d)gets

8. People watch too much TV and … read enough these days.

a)will not b)can’t c)not d)do not

9. I used to read about the early space flights in the newspapers, but it… seem very real.

a)never b)doesn’t c)can’t d)didn’t

10. I’ll call on you before I… Moscow.

a)leave b)left c)will be leaving d)will leave

Open the brackets using the right form of the verb.

1. (I/be/not/usually) at my best on Monday mornings.

2. I am sorry but (I/not/hear) what (you/say).

3. Why (you/not/look around and see) what the world is like?

4. (I/get) into computers when I was in a junior high school.

5. –(What/John/do) for a living, I wonder? He seems to be quite well-off.

– (he/make) his living buying and selling used cars.

6. –When (the truth/dawn) on you?

7. His paintings are splendid! (how/long/it/take/him) to acquire the necessary skills to become a professional artist?

8. – (Why/you/have/collect) all these facts and figures?

-We need them for our current reports.

9. When she was younger, (she/be/never) particularly interested in politics.

10. Take your umbrella – (it/probably/rain) later, may be in one or two hours.

Complete the sentences making the right choice:

1. Gwen’s experience of the business… the gaps in it which were unknown to me.

a)filled in b)fill in c)fills in d)filling in

A. a)has b)isn’t c)doesn’t d)won’t

B. a)does b)isn’t c)doesn’t d)won’t

3. None of us … quite sure of the time without looking at the clock.

a)are b)isn’t c)is d)aren’t

4.None of my friends …at the party, and it seemed very dull to me.

a)were b)wasn’t c)weren’t d)was

5. Professor Horace John Morris did not like to be called “Professor Horace”, so his housekeeper called him “Professor Morris”. When Professor Morris … in the morning to sit all day in his professor’s chair, then all the house… silent except for the sound of the clocks in the rooms.

A. a)is going b)go off c)went off d)to go off

B. a)got b)will get c)gets d)will

6. Miss Pinkerton telephoned to her two scientific friends – one… in physic research and the other… electrician.

A. a)is interesting b)was interesting c)was interested d)will interest

B. a)is interested in b)was interested in c)will interest d)was an

7. Nick is a very good driver. Snow, rain, sleet – nothing…him. He never…the least trouble handling a car.

A. a)to bother b)doesn’t bother c)not bother d)bothers

B. a)has b)had c)doesn’t have d)not have

8. Diana and the kids were only a hundred feet ahead. Jim … with them. It … difficult to close the gap.

A. a)caught up b)catches up c)will catch up d)ought to catch up

B. a)was b)were c)wasn’t d)weren’t

9. Psychoanalysts, for the most part, … ordinary people with ordinary problems.

a)dealing with b)to deal with c)deals with d)deal with

10. If I am free tomorrow night, I … to the club with you.

a)will go b)go c)went d)is going

Open the brackets using the right form of the verb.

1. – This man Jackson is very ill – mannered. (He/not/even/bother) to say “hello” when we meet in the elevator on our way to work.

— (it/bother/you) that much?

2. She spoke English so well that (I/not/realize) she was French.

3. These events are all history now. (Who/remember) them, I wonder?

4. “Young man,”-the old lady said to the taxi driver. – “(Where/you/learn) to drive a car? (You/not/know) the streets of this city are a mess? (You/have/keep/your eyes open”.

5. (The reporters/soon/realize) that this is the biggest story of the year.

6. (How much time/I/have) to make up my mind about this job?

7. – (What kind of men/people/want) to see at a brokerage firm?

— (People/want) to see stable, conservative men there before (they/trust) them their investments.

8. – (Your school/have) any good sporting facilities?

— Yes, we have all we need.

9. – (it/suit/you) if I come around at 4?

— Yes, (that/suit/me) fine.

10. (Why/you/not/come) to class yesterday? (What/happen) to you?

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Курс повышения квалификации

Актуальные вопросы педагогики и методологии общего образования

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Курс профессиональной переподготовки

Французский язык: теория и методика обучения иностранному языку в образовательной организации

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Курс повышения квалификации

Основные методики в области преподавания испанского языка

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«Домашнее обучение. Лайфхаки для родителей»

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Тест-это форма контроля, позволяющая качественно и эффективно измерить уровень и оценить структуру подготовленности учащихся. К огромному сожалению, не во всех школьных программах по иностранному языку уделяется должное внимание изучению грамматических структур. Нередко приходится прибегать к использованию дополнительной литературы,чтобы четко объяснить и донести грамматический материал.Данный тест предназначен для проверки знаний учащихся по теме «Времена группы Simple.» Задания теста разделены на 2 варианта,что удобно при стандартной рассадке детей в классе.

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Self-study7 Task Complete the text with the best words

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Self study XBAS-60 Ikramov Sobir
1, soliq mustaqil ish, Keng polosali internet, 2 5458860170010430154, 2 5458860170010430154, BT-401 Tadjibayeva Aynura, KTE Mustaqil ishi, Bayonnoma Mehri 7-B, Zulfiya, Maxsulot sifatini nazorat qilish, введение Икромов.1, Глава I. Ввдение 1, Alisher Navoiy hayoti va faoliyati

Task 1. Complete the text with the best words.

1 a) adopt b) market c) adapt d) research

2 a) economical b) hierarchical c) welcoming d) democratic

3 a) webs b) media c) roads d) channels

4 a) customers b) directors c) staff d) buyers

5 a) goals b) design c) plan d) sales

6 a) bureaucratic b) caring c) decentralized d) market-driven

7 a) information b) news c) speech d) interest

8 a) professional b) static c) local d) impersonal

9 a) production b) economies c) marketing d) savings

10 a) call b) demand c) enquire d) respond

11 a) shares b) research c) leaders d) sectors

12 a) manufacturing b) selection c) distribution d) advertising

Task 2. Complete the phrases 1–6 with a verb from the box.

carry out draw up issue maintain train transport

1. draw up contracts

2. transport goods and equipment

3. maintain install and systems

4.issue press releases

5. carry out research

Task 3. Change the following phrases, as in the example.

2 a deal worth eighty thousand euros ……………….

3 a journey that lasts seven hours …………………

4 a loan of two million pounds ………………….

5 a seminar that lasts three days …………………

6 an office block that has sixty stores ………………….
Task 4. Match a word from box A with a word from box B to complete the sentences below.

AB
computerCommercials
governmentFair
informationForce
labourPolicy
researchProject
tradeTechnology
TVVirus

Computer virus

TV commercials
1. This new computer virus could wipe all the data off your hard disk.

2. Several organizations are strongly opposed to the use of children in advertising in general, and in TV сommercials in particular.

3. Going to an international trade fair is often an excellent opportunity for networking.

4. Advances in information technology have revolutionised the way people communicate and do business.

5. GVC Steelworks already have a labour force of 1,500, and they are still recruiting.

6. The government should commission a special research project to assess the risks posed by GM foods.

7. It would be bad Government policy to revalue our currency at this particular time.

Task 5. Use the same word for each group to make new noun combinations.

2. crisis m …… m……. guru project m ………..

3. o ……. hours head o……… o …………… job

4. life i ……….. travel i……… policy i………. broker

5. p ………. range consumer p……. p ………….. launch

6. a……… agency radio a………. a…………. campaign
Task 6. A large travel agency called Free Horizons has recently been reorganised and the new manager, Olivia Anderson, is very keen on staff training. Complete her e-mail with the words from the box.

remain announce contribute explain organise select

Write a reply (40–55 words) in which you:

• state your preferred topic

• give reasons for your choice.

Task 7. Before you read Will large companies still exist 100 years from now? Why? I Why not?

Reading. Read this article from the Financial Times and answer the questions.
Looking to Wikipedia for answers

by Thomas Malone

To understand how large-scale work was organized during the past 100 years. The best models were traditional hierarchical organizations such as General Motors, IBM and Wai-Mm1. But to understand how large scale work will be organized in the future, we need to look at newer examples such as Wikipedia, eBay and Google.

These human benefits can provide decisive competitive advantages in knowledge-based and innovation-driven work. During the coming decades, we can expect to see such ideas in operation in more and more so parts of the economy. These new practices have various names, but the phrase I find most useful is ·collective intelligence.

What if we could have any number of people and computers connected to, for instance, care for patients in a hospital? Or designing cars. Or selling retail products. We might find that the best way to do a task that today is done by five full time people would be to use one part-time employee and a host of freelance contractors each working for a few minutes a day.

One important type of collective intelligence is ‘crowd intelligence’, where anyone who wants to can contribute. Sometimes, as in the case of Wikipedia or video-sharing website YouTube, people contribute their work for free because benefits such recognition or socialise with they get other as enjoyment, opportunities to others. In other cases, such as online retailer so eBay, people get paid to do so.

These changes will not happen overnight, but the rate of change is accelerating, and businesspeople a hundred years from now may find the pervasive corporate hierarchies of today as quaint as we find the feudal farming system of an earlier era.
Task 8. Look through the whole article and find:

Task 9. Read paragraph 2 and decide if these statements are true or false.

a) entries can only be changed by the person who wrote them.- false

b) has no central control at all.- true

d) is of high quality.- true

Task 10. Look at paragraph 3 and find:

a) two benefits of large organizations.1) to capture economies of scale 2) to control risks

Task 11. Now match the expressions in task 10 to their definitions.

a) when people have new ideas

b) the ability to work ‘as your own boss’

c) to limit the effect of unexpected events

d) when people work with enthusiasm and a sense of purpose

e) the ability to work when and where you want to

f) when high levels of production result in lower costs per unit produced

Task 12. Read paragraph 4. In which areas will the benefits of small organisations be most useful? These human benefits can provide decisive competitive advantages in knowledge-based and innovation-driven work.

Task 13. Find the name the writer prefers for this new way of working in paragraph 4.- collective intelligence

Task 14. Which of these areas is not mentioned in paragraph 5 in relation to the potential application of collective intelligence?

a) healthcare b) wholesale c) retail d) design

Task 16. Use correct forms of expressions from paragraph 7 to complete these statements.

e) If a process speeds up, it the rate of change is accelerating

Do you share the writer’s optimism about the potential of collective intelligence? Why? I Why not? Yes, I do. Because, it can make our workflow more interesting and efficient.

Could collective intelligence be used in your own industry, or one that you would like to work in? Yes, of course, it will be very convenient for all accountants.

Trade Deficit: Advantages and Disadvantages

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Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Adam received his master’s in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem.

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Economists disagree on the simple question of whether sustained trade deficits are good, bad, or don’t matter much for a country and its economy. That’s because there are so many variables—so many ways to generate a trade deficit and so many ways it might help or hurt an economy, or reflect good or bad aspects of that economy.

Key Takeaways

What’s a Deficit?

What Is a Trade Deficit?

A trade deficit occurs when the value of a country’s imports exceeds the value of its exports—with imports and exports referring both to physical goods and services. In simple terms, a trade deficit means a country is buying more goods and services than it is selling. An overly simplistic understanding means that this would generally hurt job creation and economic growth in the deficit-running country.

This view of trade deficits is behind much of the complaints among U.S. politicians about bilateral U.S. trade deficits, especially with China, the country with which the U.S. runs what is by far its largest bilateral trade deficit. That deficit was a prominent campaign theme for Former President Donald Trump in 2016, and a primary reason he launched a trade war against China after taking office. Trump argued that cutting the trade deficit would create jobs in the U.S. and strengthen the economy.

A Complicated View of Trade Deficits

To many in the world of economics, though, a trade deficit is about an imbalance between a country’s savings and investment rates. It means a country is spending more money on imports than it makes on exports, and under the rules of economic accounting it must make up for that shortfall. The U.S., for example, can do so by either borrowing money from foreign lenders or permitting foreign investment in U.S. assets.

This foreign lending and investment can be seen as a vote of confidence in the U.S. economy and a source of long-term economic growth, if the borrowed money or foreign investment is used wisely, such as investment in productivity growth. This was the case with the U.S. for several decades in the 1800s. The money went into railroads and other public infrastructure, which helped the U.S. develop economically.

The Risk of Foreign Capital Inflows

For a smaller country with a trade deficit, this greater degree of foreign direct investment and foreign ownership of government debt can be risky.

Many countries in East Asia—including Thailand, Indonesia, and Malaysia—ran large trade deficits throughout the 1990s, and saw foreign capital pour into the country. Not all of that investment was efficiently or wisely allocated, and when the Asian financial crisis erupted in 1997 and 1998, foreign investors were quick to flee. This left these East Asian countries at the mercy of global financial markets. The results were painful.

Trade Deficits and Economic Growth

Not Clearly Linked

A strong trade surplus doesn’t necessarily mean strong economic growth. Japan, for example, has run a significant trade surplus for most of the past several decades, yet its economy has been stuck in low gear most of that time. Germany, too, generally runs a strong trade surplus but registers mediocre economic growth.

In the U.S., some periods of strong economic growth have come at times of a surging trade deficit, as consumers and businesses buy more products and services from abroad, and foreign investors seek to put their money to work in the U.S.

Some economists say trade deficits necessarily hurt employment, at least in specific sectors. But others point to offsetting job growth in other areas.

Trade Deficits and Employment

Economists also disagree on the broad impact of trade deficits on employment. Some argue that imports necessarily reduce employment at home, while others point to offsetting job growth in other sectors through the same trade ties.

Often any job loss is limited to specific sectors. Research by the Economic Policy Institute found that the surge in Chinese imports cost the U.S. 3.7 million jobs between 2001 and 2018—and about 75% of those jobs were in manufacturing. This partly explains why U.S. politicians are often focused on the bilateral trade deficit with China.

Why Does the U.S. Have a Large Trade Deficit?

The United States has a large and persistent trade deficit because it imports more value of goods than it exports abroad, especially from energy and technology imports. Economists argue that the deficit is due to an imbalance between domestic savings and total investment in the economy (i.e., the low U.S. savings rate). Borrowing enables Americans to enjoy a higher rate of economic growth than would be obtained if the United States had to rely solely on domestic savings.

Has the U.S. Always Had a Trade Deficit?

The United States has been running consistent trade deficits since 1976. Before that, the U.S. was generally a net exporter.

How Is the Trade Deficit Different from the Budget Deficit?

A deficit refers to some gap or negative amount that occurs in the balance of payments. A trade deficit therefore occurs when a country spends more on imports than it receives in exports. A budget deficit, in the context of the government, instead occurs when there is more federal spending than revenue taken in from taxes, duties, fines, and other fees.

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