Do you know what holography is it is a technique based

Do you know what holography is it is a technique based

Прочитайте текст. Заполните пропуски в предложениях под номерами В4-В10 соответствующими формами слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами справа от каждого предложения. TEST 11 ( part 1)

Russian inventions: holography

B4

Do you know what holography is? It is a technique ……………………… on lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.

BASE

B5

In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk ……………………… up with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk hologram”.

COME

B6

Now the technology ……………………… in most holographic displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction in holograms.

USE

B7

Johnny noticed a change in his mother’s appearance. “Mommy, some of your hairs ……………………… grey. Why?” the curious child asked.

TURN

B8

The mother tried to use this occasion to teach her child: “It is because of you, dear. Every bad action of ……………………… shows on my hair.

YOU

B9

It ……………………… one my hairs grey!”

TURN

B10

The child replied innocently: “Now I know why my grandmother has only grey hair on her head.” Most children are ……………………… than adults think.

SMART

Контрольная работа для 11 класса по 6 разделу

Подходит для контроля по теме «Наука», особенно к УМК «NME-11»

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«Контрольная работа для 11 класса по 6 разделу»

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение.

1. Even a useful gift can cause health problems.

2. One device becomes a substitute for many objects.

3. Some people seldom use the main function of their phone.

4. The world of technology is hard to navigate.

5. Time away from gadgets allows for a more active lifestyle.

6. A device should not distract you from what’s happening close by.

7. A fast-changing device fashion is frustrating.

Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 1 – 8. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 1 – 8, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов (А, Б, В, Г). Установите соответствие номера пропуска варианту ответа.

Your Future World

What will you be doing in 2025? Will you be living in an undersea research station? Will you be the chief engineer 1 ______ a bridge across the Atlantic Ocean? Will you be leading an 2 ______ to the planet Mars? Will you be …?

You can daydream, of course, but nobody knows exactly what the world will be 3 ______. But scientists have made some guesses.

Based on the advances made, they believe people will be healthier. Diphtheria, malaria, tuberculosis, polio and many other killers are under control now. These diseases are on the way out, 4 ______ to germ-killing chemicals, new ways of finding out about our bodies, and new ways of providing clean, safe 5 ______ and water.

Healthier people live longer, so we can expect the world’s population to 6 ______ sharply. It may double in the next forty years! This brings up a serious problem: how will we find food, water, and minerals for such a huge population?

Scientists are at work on some 7 ______. From the ocean they hope to get new fertilizers to increase the yield of the soil; new chemicals to kill crop-destroying insects without 8 ______ other animals, new sources of water or supplies of food.

1. A) inventing; Б) designing; В) scheming; Г) doing

2. A) exploration; Б) expenditure; В) expedition; Г) exhibit

3. A) like; Б) alike; В) likely; Г) likable

4. A) as a result; Б) because; В) on account; Г) thanks

5. A) eat; Б) feed; В) food; Г) cooking

6. A) decrease; Б) distract; В) dissolve; Г) increase

7. A) solutions; Б) alternatives; В) preferences; Г) questions

8. A) hurting; Б) harming; В) injuring; Г) wounding

Russian inventions: holography

Do you know what holography is? It is a technique ________BASE__________ on lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.

In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk ________COME__________ up with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk hologram”.

Now the technology ________USE__________ in most holographic displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction in holograms.

Who discovered radioactivity?

Marie Curie’s discovery of two naturally radioactive elements, polonium and radium, made headline news. However, her real discovery was that atoms _________NOT BE_________ small solid balls and that there must be even _________SMALL_________ particles inside them. This discovery opened the door to all atomic and subatomic research and even to the splitting of the atom.

Curie carried out her research with radioactive elements before the dangers of radioactivity ________UNDERSTAND__________. She suffered from radiation sickness for most of her adult life. Indeed, for many years after her death, her notebooks were still highly radioactive.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. Controlled by voice commands 2. Smartphones keep an eye on you

3. Manufactures will make changes 4. Disadvantages of smartphone

5. Services for smartphones 6. Computers based on neurons

7. Some computers will disappear 8. Why smartphones are convenient

A. Over the last five years, smartphones have proved that they are immensely capable. They will represent more than 50 per cent of the mobile phone market in 2015. In 10 years, tablets will be archaic. Desktops and laptops, having already begun their slide into antiquity, will soon be nothing more than dusty relics and museum exhibits. The last and only bastion of consumer computing will be the smartphone.

B. Some arguments for a larger device, such as the laptop, may still remain. For example, the interface. The keyboard is still the best way of inputting data, and some activities simply can’t be performed on a 4-inch smartphone screen. Besides, there will always be people who need or want faster computers to speed up their workflow. Supercomputers which do calculations at the speed of nanoseconds are definitely not the size of smartphones.

C. The reasons for keeping a laptop, desktop, or tablet may disappear because Apple and Google have developed speech recognition programs which can replace keyboard input. Usual displays will be replaced by head-up displays or wireless contact lens displays. Brain-computer interfaces will appear in the near future. A solid, immovable screen will not be in the centre of our interaction with multimedia any longer.

D. Just think what it would be like if your smartphone was your only computer. You would always have your computer with you. All of your documents, photos, games, apps, and utilities would always be in your pocket, accessible at any time. If you want to check your messages, watch TV on the train, or edit a photo, just go to the menu. Moreover, you could use your smartphone as a passport or a credit card.

E. With the help of a smartphone and a few apps, you just slide your phone in your pocket before your workout, and let the app track your speed and activity. Smartphones track your movements, and then pass the data off to commercial apps, or helpful services like Google Now. With additional sensors, they constantly monitor your activity and overall health. The dream of wearable computing will become true.

F. There is a worldwide shift to mobile computing. Computers are becoming smaller and more efficient. If smartphones are the only consumer-oriented computers, production lines and equipment have to be updated to meet new requirements. With an atomic computing platform, smartphones would be cheaper and much more capable than they are today. Cloud computing would satisfy needs of those who want faster computers.

G. It is important to develop our brains as well. Computer can do many complex tasks at the same time (“multitasking”) that are difficult for the brain. For example, counting backwards and multiplying two numbers at the same time. However, the brain also does some multitasking using the autonomic nervous system. For example, the brain controls breathing, heart rate, blood pressure and at the same time it performs mental tasks.

1. Measuring the distance 2. Multiple differences

4. An important vegetable

5. Expanding the function 6. To smell pleasant

7. An ancient mail

8. A mistake in the origin

A. The Babylonians invented their number system in the second millennium B.C., and it still affects us. They created a system where one column indicated multiples of 1, one column indicated multiples of 60, and one column indicated multiples of 3,600. Since the system was not difficult to calculate, it was applied to the concept of time, giving us 60 minutes in an hour and 60 seconds in a minute.

B. Even though they were responsible for a number of great works like the Great Pyramids, the Egyptians also developed the first breath mints, the prototype of a modern chewing gum. Faced with the odor resulting from bacterial growth and tooth decay they mixed various ingredients, including frankincense and cinnamon, which were then boiled in honey and shaped.

C. While many people incorrectly attribute the invention of the parachute to Leonardo da Vinci, it was actually the ancient Chinese who came up with this idea. The stories talk about Chinese acrobats who were using parachute-like equipment to entertain the nobility more than 1,700 years before da Vinci’s supposed “invention.”

D. Even though the Aztecs didn’t technically invent popcorn, it played a large role in Aztec culture and was one of the key components in their society. The Aztecs often used it to make necklaces or headdresses, and it was commonly used to decorate religious statues. The later introduction of popcorn to the world was the result of the Spanish invasion.

E. The odometer, a measurement tool for travelling, is believed to be invented by an ancient Roman named Vitruvius. He explained how a wheel with teeth would be turned by a gear attached to the main wheel and a stone would be dropped into a box, indicating a Roman mile. He called this idea an odometer, the derivation from the Greek words for “way” and “measure.”

F. Assyria, a major Semitic civilization, was responsible for the creation of the first postal service in the world. Most likely created sometime in the ninth century B.C., the postal service utilized mules in order to transport letters between cities. Certain letters would even be sent with voice messengers to ensure that the tone of the writer’s words came across correctly.

G. Since the hourglass was one of the few reliable methods of measuring time at sea, it was in use from early Middle Ages. During the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan around the globe, his vessels kept 18 hourglasses per ship. However, from the 15th century they were already used not only at sea, but also in the church, in industry and in cooking.

A) This invention entertains me.

B) This invention guarantees contact.

C) This invention helps my memory.

D) This invention provides an escape from everyday life.

E) This invention has removed daily pressure.

F) This invention is always with me.

Do you know what holography is it is a technique?

Asked by: Andre Gottlieb

Holography is a technique that enables a light field (which is generally the result of a light source scattered off objects) to be recorded and later reconstructed when the original light field is no longer present, due to the absence of the original objects.

What is holographic technique?

Holography is a photographic technique that records the light scattered from an object, and then presents it in a way that appears three-dimensional. Holograms pop up in movies such as «Star Wars» and «Iron Man,» but the technology has not quite caught up to movie magic — yet.

What do you know about hologram?

A hologram is a physical structure that diffracts light into an image. The term ‘hologram’ can refer to both the encoded material and the resulting image. A holographic image can be seen by looking into an illuminated holographic print or by shining a laser through a hologram and projecting the image onto a screen.

What is meant by hologram technology?

What is hologram technology? In real life, holograms are virtual three-dimensional images created by the interference of light beams that reflect real physical objects. Holograms preserve the depth, parallax, and other properties of the original item.

What is a true hologram?

How does a Hologram actually work? | Sci Guide (Ep 3) | Head Squeeze

42 related questions found

What is the purpose of hologram?

A hologram represents a recording of information regarding the light that came from the original scene as scattered in a range of directions rather than from only one direction, as in a photograph. This allows the scene to be viewed from a range of different angles, as if it were still present.

Where are holograms used?

What is hologram in simple words?

Are we a hologram?

According to holographic theory, everything we hear, see or feel in fact comes from a flat two-dimensional field, like the hologram on a credit card. The 3D world we experience is ‘encoded’ into the real 2D universe, like when you watch a 3D film on a 2D screen.

How are holograms created?

What are the two basic types of holograms?

There are many types of holograms, and there are varying ways of classifying them. For our purpose, we can divide them into two types: reflection holograms and transmission holograms.

How much do holograms cost?

What is hologram and how can you experience it?

In simple terms, a hologram technology is a three-dimensional projection which can be seen without using any special equipment such as cameras or glasses. The image can be viewed from any angle, so as the user walks around the display the object will appear to move and shift realistically.

Can we touch holograms?

Now, researchers from the University of Bristol’s Department of Computer Science have taken a leap forward by using ultrasound to develop a 3D shape in mid-air that can be touched and felt by human hands. The system could change the way 3D shapes are used.

What is a hologram from heaven?

The company created the on-screen three-dimensional holographic resurrection using performance, DeepFake technologies, SFX, VFX, and motion tracking. The website post also indicated Tahiti as the location for the project. It is also where Kardashian-West is believed to have celebrated her birthday.

What is holographic color?

Holographic hair color is characterized by a mixture of high-gloss multidimensional pastel highlights that essentially appear to change colors before your very eyes. The colors are expertly placed to create a 3D holographic effect throughout your mane!

Do we live in a 2 dimensional world?

How many dimensions are there?

The world as we know it has three dimensions of space—length, width and depth—and one dimension of time. But there’s the mind-bending possibility that many more dimensions exist out there. According to string theory, one of the leading physics model of the last half century, the universe operates with 10 dimensions.

How many dimensions does a hologram have?

What does a hologram look like?

Holograms are a bit like photographs that never die. They’re sort of «photographic ghosts»: they look like three-dimensional photos that have somehow got trapped inside glass, plastic, or metal. When you tilt a credit-card hologram, you see an image of something like a bird moving «inside» the card.

What is the difference between a hologram and a holograph?

Hologram is «hol+o+gram», meaning «whole+something written», and Holograph is «whole+instrument used to write/record».

What instrument is used in holography?

The lasers used for holography are also ‘coherent’ meaning that the waves are all in phase – kinda like a standing wave produced by a wind instrument. Monochromatic and coherent light is needed to create a high contrast interference pattern. To create an interference pattern the laser light is split and spread.

Are holograms expensive?

How much do holograms cost? Custom image holograms are about 3 to 4 times the cost of stock images, depending greatly on size, subject matter and number of colors. Extra copies are always far less expensive than the original, due to the mastering steps involved.

Can holograms be seen in daylight?

One of the more common types is the white-light hologram, which does not require a laser to reconstruct the image and can be viewed in normal daylight. These types of holograms are often used on credit cards as security features.

Are holograms invented?

Credit for inventing holograms is usually given to Hungarian physicist Dennis Gabor. His work on optical physics led to breakthroughs in the field of holography in the 1950s. Gabor received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1971 «for his invention and development of the holographic method.»

Do Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving?

Canadians celebrate Thanksgiving Day, but on a different day. Their Thanksgiving is on the _________TWO_________ Monday in October.
It happens so because harvest time comes ________EARLY__________ in Canada.
Canadians enjoy turkey, mashed potatoes, and pumpkin pie on Thanksgiving, but they _________NOT ASSOCIATE_________ their holiday with Pilgrims and the landing of the Mayflower. Instead, they refer back to the landing of Martin Frobisher from England at Newfoundland in 1578, 43 years before the Pilgrims landed in Massachusetts.

Russian inventions: holography

Do you know what holography is? It is a technique ________BASE__________ on lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.
In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk ________COME__________ up with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk hologram”.
Now the technology ________USE__________ in most holographic displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction in holograms.

Who invented spaghetti, the Italians or the Chinese?

When you think of agriculture in China, you probably think of rice. However, China is the largest wheat producer in Asia, and the ________THREE__________ largest producer overall, ________ACCOUNT__________ for about 10 percent of the world’s wheat crop.
What do the Chinese make from their wheat? Among other things, they make spaghetti! The Chinese _________MAKE_________ noodles from wheat and other grains for longer than the Italians.

What is the longest river in Europe?

The Volga River, which flows entirely within Russia, is the longest river in Europe. From its source in the hills northwest of Moscow, the Volga travels almost 2,300 miles (3,700 km) to the Caspian Sea. Much of Russia’s freight _________CARRY_________ on barges on this river.
The Danube River is Europe’s _________TWO_________ longest, at almost 1,770 miles (2,860 km). The Danube passes through Austria, Slovakia, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, and Romania before it empties into the Black Sea.
The Danube River flows through _________MANY_________ countries than any other river in the world.

What is the oldest subway system in the world?

London’s Underground, which opened in 1863, is the oldest subway system in the world. Despite the name, about 55% of the subway network is above ground.

________MANY__________ than one billion passenger journeys were recorded in 2007.
The ________BUSY__________ station in the London Underground network is Victoria station, which serves about 78 million passengers a year.
The tube map, with its schematic and colour-coded layout, ________CONSIDER__________ a design classic.

Why do the Chinese call the Yellow River in China “China’s Sorrow”?

The Huang He, or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese themselves. Since long ago, flooding _________BE_________ a serious problem.
The ________BAD__________, most sorrowful flood on record happened in 1931.
The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, _________LEAVE_________ 80 million people homeless.

He didn’t need advice

Once Mozart was approached by a young man, who was interested in Mozart’s advice on how to compose a symphony. Since he was still very young, Mozart recommended that he should start by ________WRITE__________ ballads.
_________SURPRISE_________, the young man responded, “But you wrote symphonies when you were only ten years old.”
“But I _________NOT HAVE_________ to ask,” countered Mozart.

Who discovered radioactivity?

Marie Curie’s discovery of two naturally radioactive elements, polonium and radium, made headline news. However, her real discovery was that atoms _________NOT BE_________ small solid balls and that there must be even _________SMALL_________ particles inside them. This discovery opened the door to all atomic and subatomic research and even to the splitting of the atom.
Curie carried out her research with radioactive elements before the dangers of radioactivity ________UNDERSTAND__________. She suffered from radiation sickness for most of her adult life. Indeed, for many years after her death, her notebooks were still highly radioactive.

Star pilot

My four-year-old brother Kevin wanted to become a pilot. But one dark night he watched a plane ________MOVE__________ across a clear sky.
As it disappeared, he heaved a relieved sigh and said, “Whew! I’m not going to be a pilot!” ________SURPRISE__________, Mom asked, “Why not?
“Do you realize,” Kevin replied wisely, “how hard it would be to steer around all _________THAT_________stars?”

Does the plan work?

Brad was a student in my after-school tutoring session. He was working ________LITTLE__________ than diligently.

“Brad,” I said, “I talked to your mom, and she wants you to stay for the full hour, so you may as well get something done.” “She wants you to keep me every day for an hour?” he complained. “She wants you to learn it’s ________EASY__________ to work during regular class hours than to give up after-school time.” Brad seemed to agree.

“So,” I continued, “why not get your work done now so you can bring your marks up and get your mom off your back?” “No!” he replied in horror. “If I __________GET________ good marks now, she’ll think this plan is working, and she’ll keep me in here until June!”

Why a zigzag?

Have you ever noticed that when we climb hills we create zigzags? We don’t go straight ahead but go in zigzags. It can mean walking 20 times as far, and still a zigzag is ________FAST__________ than the shortest distance between two points.
Researchers developed a mathematical model ________SHOW__________ that a zigzag provides the most efficient way for humans to go up or down steep slopes.
They explain that zig-zagging ________REQUIRE__________ less effort.

Russian rivers

Do you know Russian rivers? Do you know what the ________LONG__________ river in Russia is? It is the Volga River.
This river is a great source of hydroelectric power. The water from the river ________USE__________ for irrigation.
Canals link the Volga River to the Baltic and White Seas. The Volga ________FREEZE__________ for most of its length for three months each year.

New Zealand: geography

New Zealand consists of two main islands and a number of smaller islands so scattered that they range from the tropical to the Antarctic. New Zealand ________LOCATE__________ about 2,012 km southeast of Australia.
The two main islands are the North Island and the South Island, ________SEPARATE__________ by Cook Strait. The North Island is 829 km long and volcanic in its south-central part.
South Island has the Southern Alps along its west coast, with Mount Cook being the ________HIGH__________ point. Other inhabited islands include Stewart Island, the Chatham Islands, and Great Barrier Island.

Global warming

In northern Québec and Labrador, temperatures ________RISE__________ two degrees Celsius since the mid-1990s. That rise has helped more trees grow in the area which was previously too cold for trees.
And the more trees that grow, the ________WARM__________ the region becomes.
“The cold landscape that we are accustomed to in northern Canada _________BE_________ a thing of the past soon,” specialists predict.

New Zealand: history

What do you know about the history of New Zealand? Maoris were the _________ONE_________ inhabitants of New Zealand, arriving to the islands in about 1000. Maori oral history maintains that the Maoris came to the island in seven canoes from other parts of Polynesia.
In 1642, New Zealand ________EXPLORE__________ by Abel Tasman, a Dutch navigator.
British captain James Cook made three voyages to the islands, ________BEGIN__________ in 1769. Britain formally annexed the islands in 1840.

Kite fighting

Have you ever heard of kite fighting? Kite fighting is a highly competitive sport traditionally ________PLAY__________ in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, and South America.
Each player hopes to get his or her kite to fly _________HIGH_________. The players try to cut their opponents’ kite strings with sharp objects imbedded in their kites.
________START__________ in the late 1990s, kite fighting gained popularity in the USA and is now practiced throughout the country, with an annual championship competition held in Washington state.

In thick fog

It was a foggy night. In a very thick fog, a ship ________SAIL__________ very slowly. Suddenly lights appeared forward on a collision course. The Captain shouted through the mouthpiece: “Get out of my way! I am the carrier ‘Manchester’! My displacement is 30,000 tons!”
A voice _______COME___________ through the fog in reply:
“You _________WELL_________ turn away yourself. I’m the light house!”

The purpose of education

A famous professor greeted the first year undergraduates at the beginning of the academic year. He _________TELL_________ them in his opening remarks:
“Nothing you learn here at the university will be of slightest use to you _________LATE_________, but one thing.
If you work hard, if you train your brain, you should be able to understand when a man ________TALK__________ nonsense. And that, in my view, is the main, if not the sole, purpose of education.”

Exotic pets

There is no exact definition for “exotic” pets. This term usually refers to any animal that ________NOT BE__________ domesticated yet.
Many people keep bears as pets. For example, Ivan the Terrible kept two bears in his palace. They _________GIVE_________ to him by the boyars.
Perhaps the ________EARLY__________ ruler in history with a soft spot for bears was Ptolemy II, king of Egypt. He was fond of a “white bear” kept in his private collection.

Education for everyone

Thomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet ________HAVE__________ the right to education.
Today, his dream _________COME_________ true. At the global level, the United Nations recognises the right of everyone to education.
Although education is compulsory in most places, school attendance is optional, therefore some parents choose home-schooling for their _______CHILD___________.

Поперечные профили набережных и береговой полосы: На городских территориях берегоукрепление проектируют с учетом технических и экономических требований, но особое значение придают эстетическим.

Механическое удерживание земляных масс: Механическое удерживание земляных масс на склоне обеспечивают контрфорсными сооружениями различных конструкций.

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ НА ГРАММАТИКУ ПРОСТЫЕ. ТЕКСТЫ ЧИТАЕМ ЦЕЛИКОМ, ЧТОБЫ ОСВЕЖИТЬ ЛЕКСИКУ

1 Does it ever snow in Brazil?During winter and sometimes even autumn and spring it snows in some cities of southern Brazil. There are several cities _______KNOW________ for their snow, like Urupema and Urubici.
These cities ________BE_________ all in high areas, but even places at sea level can have snow, although in small amounts and not every year.
Brazil _____THINK_______ to be a “tropical paradise” which is very wrong. Foreigners who travel to southern Brazil during autumn or winter in search for some heat and beaches are often disappointed.

2 The largest snowfall in decadesThis week’s snowfall in Brazil is one of the largest in decades. As snow on the ground is not a very common landscape in a so-called tropical country, everybody ________FEEL__________ excited when they saw streets in snow.
In the cities by the sea people are used to spending the summer sun bathing. They _________SURPRISE_________ very much when they saw snow covering the city.
It ________NOT BE__________ long before social media became loaded with pictures of white fields and roads, and snowmen.

3 Difficult landingOne airline had a policy that required the first officer to stand at the door while the passengers exited. He smiled and thanked them for ________FLY__________ the airline.
A pilot on this airline landed his plane into the runway really hard. He thought that passengers ________HAVE__________ angry comments.
However, it seemed that all of _________THEY_________ were too shocked to say anything. Finally, everyone got off except for a little old lady. She said, ‘Can I ask you a question?’ ‘Yes, Madam,’ said the pilot. ‘What was it?’ the lady asked, ‘Did we land or were we shot down?’

4 The North Pole has melted againTwo weeks of warm weather in the high Arctic have caused a lake to begin forming. To be clear, the water _________SURROUND_________ the pole is not sea water from the ocean.
It is _________MELT_________ ice water resting on a layer of ice below. “It’s a shallow lake. It’s a cold lake. But it is, actually, a lake,” writes William Wolfe of Canada.com.
That lake started to form on July 13 during a month of abnormally warm weather – temperatures were 1-3 degrees Celsius higher than average in the Arctic Ocean this month. In addition, the weather is likely to get _________BAD_________ over the coming week. An Arctic cyclone will bring strong winds and rain

5 Russian inventions: holographyDo you know what holography is? It is a technique ________BASE__________ on lasers, which enable 3-D (three-dimensional) images to be made.
In 1962, Soviet physicist Yuri Denisyuk ________COME__________ up with the first reflection hologram also known as the “Denisyuk hologram”.
Now the technology ________USE__________ in most holographic displays and it was the first to allow multi-color image reproduction in holograms.

6 Who invented spaghetti, the Italians or the Chinese?When you think of agriculture in China, you probably think of rice. However, China is the largest wheat producer in Asia, and the ________THREE__________ largest producer overall, ________ACCOUNT__________ for about 10 percent of the world’s wheat crop.
What do the Chinese make from their wheat? Among other things, they make spaghetti! The Chinese _________MAKE_________ noodles from wheat and other grains for longer than the Italians.

7 Why do the Chinese call the Yellow River in China “China’s Sorrow”?The Huang He, or Yellow River, in China is called “China’s Sorrow” by the Chinese themselves. Since long ago, flooding _________BE_________ a serious problem.
The ________BAD__________, most sorrowful flood on record happened in 1931.
The waters began to rise in July, and by November of that year, more than 40,000 square miles had been flooded, _________LEAVE_________ 80 million people homeless.

8 He didn’t need adviceOnce Mozart was approached by a young man, who was interested in Mozart’s advice on how to compose a symphony. Since he was still very young, Mozart recommended that he should start by ________WRITE__________ ballads.
_________SURPRISE_________, the young man responded, “But you wrote symphonies when you were only ten years old.”
“But I _________NOT HAVE_________ to ask,” countered Mozart.

9 Global warmingIn northern Québec and Labrador, temperatures ________RISE__________ two degrees Celsius since the mid-1990s. That rise has helped more trees grow in the area which was previously too cold for trees.
And the more trees that grow, the ________WARM__________ the region becomes.
“The cold landscape that we are accustomed to in northern Canada _________BE_________ a thing of the past soon,” specialists predict.

10 Kite fighting Have you ever heard of kite fighting? Kite fighting is a highly competitive sport traditionally ________PLAY__________ in India, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Thailand, and South America.
Each player hopes to get his or her kite to fly _________HIGH_________. The players try to cut their opponents’ kite strings with sharp objects imbedded in their kites.
________START__________ in the late 1990s, kite fighting gained popularity in the USA and is now practiced throughout the country, with an annual championship competition held in Washington state.

11 Education for everyoneThomas Jefferson made a considerable contribution to the development of education. He hoped that one day all young people on our planet ________HAVE__________ the right to education.
Today, his dream _________COME_________ true. At the global level, the United Nations recognises the right of everyone to education.
Although education is compulsory in most places, school attendance is optional, therefore some parents choose home-schooling for their _______CHILD

12 Traffic lightsHave you ever wondered about the origin of the green, yellow, and red colour scheme for traffic lights? In 1920, in Detroit, the USA, a policeman ________NAME__________ William L. Potts invented the four-way, three-colour traffic signal.
It ________BASE__________ on the colours used in the railroad system.
Thus, Detroit ________BECOME__________the first city to use the red, green, and yellow lights to control road traffic.

13 The BeatlesThe Beatles were one of the most successful pop-music groups of the 1960s. Also ________CALL__________ the Fab Four, this quartet of British musicians created songs and recordings that many people still enjoy.
The group _______BEGIN___________ in the working-class neighbourhoods of Liverpool.
The Beatles’ first _______RECORD___________ song was ‘Love Me Do’ (1962).

14 The Sydney Opera HouseFor many years there was no good opera house in Australia. In 1954, Jorn Utzon from Denmark _____WIN________ a competition organized by the Australian government to build an opera house. The construction lasted for fourteen years until 1973. Since then, the building _____BECOME________ the symbol of Australia. The best way to visit the Sydney Opera House is to see a show. In sunny weather visitors can take a picnic basket and enjoy _______WALK_________ around the Botanic Gardens near the Opera House.

15 The name of AlaskaThe name Alaska comes from the Aleut word a laxsxaq, ______MEAN______ “object toward which the action of the sea is directed” – that is, the mainland. It is also known as Alyeska, the “great land”, an Aleut word ____FORM________ from the same root. Its nicknames are the Land of the Midnight Sun and America’s Last Frontier. Its first nicknames were “Seward’s folly” and “Seward’s icebox” to laugh at the secretary of state who negotiated the purchase of Alaska from Russia, which _____CONSIDER_______ foolish at the time.

16 The Irish celebrate St. Patrick’s DayLast week people all over Ireland celebrated Saint Patrick’s Day in the traditional way. Dublin ___DECORATE____ with flags and bunting. Sprigs of shamrock ___SELL__ everywhere. In many countries of the world, the Irish held parades, pageants, sports and drama festivals. Saint Patrick, who ___BRING___ Christianity to Ireland in the fifth century, is the country’s patron saint. For centuries, his day ____BE_____ a day of cele bration in Ireland.

17 A kind manA truck driver was driving 100 penguins to the New York Zoo when his truck broke down on the freeway. The driver got out of the cab. He ____LOOK____ at the engine when another truck stopped in front of him. The second truck driver asked if his colleague ___NEED____ any help. The penguins’ driver explained that he was taking the penguins to the zoo and asked if the other man ____TAKE____ the penguins there. He agreed. Some hours later, the second truck driver drove past the first one, who was still waiting on the freeway for help to come. The penguins, however, ____BE____ still on the truck! “I thought I asked you to take those penguins to the zoo,” shouted the first driver. The second replied, “I did, but I had some money left, so we’re going to the cinema now.”

18 No man without a secretSir Arthur Conan Doyle, the creator of Sherlock Holmes, enjoyed practical jokes. He is said to have once sent a telegram to twelve of ____HE____ friends, all people of great significance and power. The telegram said: “Flee at once, the secret ___DISCOVER___.” Within 24 hours all twelve ___LEAVE__ the country.