Etc what does it mean

What does ETC stand for?

What does ETC mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: ETC.

Electronic Toll Collection

Educate The Children

Eligible Telecommunications Carrier

Export Trading Company

Erosion Technology and Concentration

Estimated Time of Completion

Environmental Tectonics Corporation

Employee Transportation Coordinator

Enhanced Throughput Cellular

Estimated Time to Completion

Educational Training Center

Educational Technology Consortium

Experience The Creativity

Experimental Theater Club

East Texas Central Railroad

Enhanced Terminal Capability

Everything That Controls

Earthquake Test Center

Early Thirties Crime

Excellence Training For Clericals

Education, Traditions, and Celebrations

Evangelism Training Conference

Executive Transaction Coordinators

What does ETC mean?

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Etc what does it mean in english

FYI and other abbreviations in Internet correspondence

In English colloquial speech, abbreviations or acronyms (phrases abbreviated by the first letters) are often used. They are especially common in Internet correspondence, this allows you to simplify the language, save time and facilitate mutual understanding between people, peoples of different nationalities. What does FYI mean, and what other abbreviations are used for written communication, we will tell you later in the article.

FYI what does that mean?

The emergence of the abbreviation FYI is associated with the frequent use of the full expression in English and the desire to write shorter. These three letters highlight information in the texts that is new to the reader, about which he did not know before. Thus, FYI in a letter has a cognitive and familiarization function, the essence of which is to present the reader with new, sometimes very important, information.

A simple example will help you understand the essence of using the FYI expression:

Granny, I was born in Moldova. Am I right? (Grandma, I was born in Moldova. Am I right?).

My dear, at that moment it was USSR. FYI. (My dear, at that time it was the USSR, so you know).

Where and for what purpose is it used?

the purpose of the abbreviation FYI in emails is to interest the recipient, draw his attention to the message and make him open and read. However, if a letter is from the SPAM category, even the FYI sign does not help, the message will be ignored and deleted.

The FYI mark is used in business correspondence and informal correspondence. This technique is especially convenient when working with large, overloaded with information texts, when it is necessary to highlight only the main points, ideas, conclusions, conclusions.

Such contractions in oral speech are quite rare. If, nevertheless, the context requires it, then spell the given phrase. In English it sounds like [ef, wai, ai], (Ef Wai Ay).

Most often, the abbreviation is put in response emails marked «RE», thus wanting to notify a colleague who did not hear certain information or did not get into the mailing list. This assumes that the text of the message may be of interest to the recipient, but does not require any action.

With business letters sorted out, but how does the FYI mark in a friend’s letter stand for? On social networks, messages marked with the combination just FYI indicate that the sender is in a hurry to share interesting information. In this case, no response from the recipient is also required.

Other acronyms in English

So, tbd can be decoded as to be determined or to be discussed.

EOM, stands for end of message, that is, «the end of the letter.» The abbreviation indicates that there is no important information in the message.

Numbers in English | English grammar | EF

Cardinal numbers (one, two, three, etc.) are adjectives denoting quantity. Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, etc.) indicate the order by count.

Quantitative Ordinal Number

Reading decimal places

When we read decimal places aloud in English, we pronounce the decimal point as “point,” then pronounce the next digit separately. Money is not counted in this way.

Writing Pronunciation

Reading beats

In English, fractions are read using a cardinal number to indicate the numerator and an ordinal number to indicate the denominator. Moreover, if the numerator is greater than 1, then we put the ordinal (denominator) in the plural. This applies to all numbers except 2, which is pronounced «half» when it is the denominator, and «halves» when there are more than one.

Writing Pronunciation

Percentage pronunciation

Reading percentages out loud in English is pretty easy. Just say the number and add the word «percent».

Writing Pronunciation

Reading sums of money

To read monetary amounts, first read the whole number, then add the name of the currency. If it is a decimal point, read it as an integer, and if coins have their own name in a particular currency, add it at the end. Note that normal decimal places are not read this way. These rules apply only to reading currencies.

Writing Pronunciation

Measurement pronunciation

Just say the number followed by the measure, often written as an abbreviation.

Writing Pronunciation

Pronunciation of times

Reading tenses in English is relatively difficult. Usually, when the year has four digits, the first two are read as one number, and then the other two as another integer. There are several exceptions to this rule.

Years up to the first 100 years of the millennium can be read as whole numbers, even if they have four digits, or they can be read as two-digit numbers. Millenniums are always read as whole numbers, as it would be too difficult to read them otherwise. New ages are read as integers in the hundreds.

We do not use the word «thousand», at least not when we read dates for the last 1000 years.

Years with only 3 digits can be pronounced as a three-digit number, or as a single-digit number followed by two-digit years. Years in which there are only two digits are read as one number. Before you say the number of the year, you can add “the year” at the beginning to make it easier to understand, and you can also use two-digit and three-digit years in the same way. Years before 0 are always written with the acronym BC (BC), and it is pronounced like two letters of the alphabet.

Curiously, using the same rules we read street names and addresses.

Writing Pronunciation

How to pronounce 0

There are several ways to pronounce the number 0, depending on the context. Unfortunately, the use of these options differs in different English-speaking countries. These pronunciation rules apply to American English.

Pronunciation Use

Polite and affectionate forms of communication in English | Articles in English on Study.ru

Every day we turn to someone with a purpose. At the same time, we use appeals in speech. How do people in England or the United States address each other? Do they coincide with our native language or carry some new information about a foreign culture?

Bond, I expect you to DIE! »If you do not know the last name of the person you are addressing, use Sir, Madam or Miss.

Very controversial use Ma’am [mæm], short for Madam, here it is important to know the following:

In the English language, there are many options for friendly and affectionate treatment. Referrals to friends vary depending on which version of the English language you prefer, however, they are not limited to them.

british english:

american english:

Affectionate appeals to loved ones are also very diverse.

Here are some of them, in most cases used regardless of gender:

What does etc mean, transcript and translation from English

Entry

Have you ever thought that some abbreviations have so organically merged into our lives that we use them automatically. Often, we do not even know the very essence, representing only an approximate value. And sometimes we pronounce it, making mistakes and inaccuracies.

I’m not even talking about the origin of these very abbreviations and the history of their distribution. Let’s understand our topic, what it is, when and how you can beautifully and safely use this abbreviation, so as not to fall into the dirt with your face, not to go nuts, etc.

Literal translation

etc is an abbreviation of the Latin expression et cetĕra, meaning «and others», «and the like», «and so on.» As for the literal translation, “et«Is» and «, and»et cetera«- plural neuter from practically not used in Latin ceterus («Other, rest»).

The origin of expression

At the same time, the more popular was the maxim «([kai ta loipa])» «and the remainder.» But the Romans liked the less popular variation of this expression, which led to its assimilation and gradual entry into all spheres of speech use.

Most Popular Acceptable Pronunciation Forms

Sometimes, especially in Russian literature of the 19th and 20th centuries, due to the strongest French influence, “e setera” is pronounced with an emphasis on the last syllable.

Distribution

The Roman Empire spread this abbreviation all over the world. Now it is difficult to imagine a language in which this verbal simplification and the forms formed from it would not be present. Everywhere that the hand of the Catholic Church reached, clutching a volume of the Bible, conveniently translated into the Aboriginal language, this part of speech manifested itself in conjunction with a whole layer of borrowed words.

In modern Russian written and spoken language, it is practically obsolete by domestic counterparts «etc.» and «etc.» We can observe the same situation in many languages ​​of the world. Having lost their original form, the abbreviations have not lost their semantic meanings.

Further, I give examples of some Slavic languages, where the expression has undergone complete assimilation and is similar to ours.

As a rule, the expression is found in scientific literature, in the press and even in everyday conversations of educated people.
In a sentence, «etc» is placed at the end of an incomplete listing. At the same time, when reading this abbreviation, only the full form is always pronounced. The rule applies to all languages.

Use in the works of famous writers

Expression is not uncommon in literary works. For example: The greatest Russian poet Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin uses phraseological units, just in the French manner of pronunciation.

An excerpt from the poem «Eugene Onegin».

Conclusion

The abbreviation «etc» is still used by society. Basically, of course, this is written speech, literature and scientific works. But it is important to note that the use of the original model is gradually losing its relevance. Therefore, you need to carefully choose the right time, context and audience for such a legendary abbreviation, so as not to be considered an eccentric, fool, ignorant, etc.

English phonetics is fundamentally different from the phonetics of our native language. When discussing it, they usually pay attention to the so-called non-equivalent sounds, for example, [θ], [ð], [ŋ], [w] and so on, i.e. those that are not in the Russian language at all. However, the truth is that only two English sounds are pronounced exactly like their Russian equivalents.

What do you need to know to learn to speak English with a minimal accent?

Consonant Sounds

Studying how to pronounce the consonant sounds of the English language correctly, first of all, you need to take into account the phonetic phenomena that take place in English and are absent in Russian. The first of these is aspiration (aspiration) on sounds [k], [g], [p], [b], [t] и [d].

Unlike their Russian equivalents, these English sounds are explosive. They are pronounced with great effort, more energy than the corresponding sounds of the Russian language. When they are pronounced, a tangible stream of air comes out of the mouth. If you light a candle and set it 5-6 centimeters from your mouth, its flame should fluctuate noticeably when these sounds are pronounced.

Aspiration on voiceless consonants ([k], [p], [t]) is more active than on their paired voiced ([g], [b], [d]). The strongest aspiration occurs when a sound is uttered [p]. American cartoon character named Donald Duck (Donald Duck), being angry, literally spits saliva when he utters the sound [p]. Those.

under the influence of emotions, his aspiration becomes so strong that saliva flies out of his mouth.

Aspiration on a sound is stronger if it is at the beginning of a word, and weaker if it is at the end. For example, in the word Duck[d] pronounced with a relatively more active aspiration than [k].

The lack of aspiration instantly betrays the foreigner. Therefore, it is necessary to take this phonetic feature into account and pronounce the above sounds aspirated while speaking in English.

On the other hand, some of these sounds are not always aspirated. Aspiration on [p] и [t] lost if preceded by sound [s]like in words speak и steal.

Sound [k] pronounced without aspiration before the sound [t]like in the word select.

In addition, if the first word in the phrase ends with [t] or [d]and the second starts with [t] or [d], then aspiration on the first of this pair of sounds disappears, and remains only on the second. Two sounds seem to «stick together» into one. In this case, before pronouncing this «glued» sound, there is a short pause.

So what time sounds [wɔ’tɑim], what day sounds [wɔ’dei], bad times sounds [bæ’tɑimz], bad dream sounds [bæ’dri: m]. (Here, the apostrophe in the transcription denotes a short pause.

) Only long-term conversational practice will allow you to use aspiration exactly where it is needed and exactly the strength that is required.

English [f] и [v] also sound more punchy than Russians [f] и [ v ]. When pronouncing words such as end и very, for example, between the lower teeth and the upper lip there is a greater volume and activity of air flow in comparison with the way of pronouncing the Russian words fact or army.

The same goes for sounds [s] и [z]: they are also pronounced a little more actively than the Russians [ with ] и [h], but in their case, only slightly more active.

Another important phonetic difference between English and Russian is that when pronouncing sounds [n], [l], [t], [d], [ʧ] и [ʤ] the tip of the tongue rests against the alveoli, and not against the back wall of the upper teeth, as is the case with the Russian equivalents of these sounds.

(If you run the tip of the tongue along the palate from the upper teeth backwards, deep into the larynx, then small tubercles will appear on its way. These are the alveoli.) The tip of the tongue on the back wall of the upper teeth when pronouncing these sounds is another element of the Russian accent, which without labor is recognized by a native speaker of English. It seems that there is nothing special in such a simple word as, for example, a word.

Mastering the correct pronunciation of sounds can be a lot of difficulties. [j] и [h]: they also bear little resemblance to their corresponding Russian sounds. [j] sounds much softer than Russian [th].

When pronouncing an English sound, the back walls of the larynx only slightly approach each other, and do not close, as it happens with the Russian sound.

To practice soft pronunciation [j] it is recommended to pronounce such Russian words as «yolka» or «hedgehog» with an English accent: [jolka], [jzhik].

As for the sound [h], it also does not look like Russian [ NS ]. It is not even a sound, but just breathing, a slight exhalation. In some geographic areas, words such as home or happy don’t even sound [hɔum] и [hæpɪ], [ɔum] и [æpɪ ]. In other words, sound [h] some native speakers don’t hear English at all.

Probably the hardest thing to learn is to pronounce non-equivalent consonants. [θ], [ð], [ŋ] и [w]. However, hard training will allow you to master these sounds as well. The consonant should probably also be referred to as non-equivalent [r], since it only very remotely resembles the Russian sound [ R ].

Some English words ending in -r or to sound [r] remains «mute» (ie, not pronounced) if the word following it begins with a consonant. However, the letter r takes on a sound form if the next word begins with a vowel sound.

So car park sounds [kɑ pɑk], where to sounds [wɛətu]But car accident sounds [kɑræksɪd (ə) nt], where are you sounds [wɛərɑju (:)]. What’s more, the sound [r] sometimes it can appear at the junction of words, even if the first of them does not end with -r or -rebut the second starts with a vowel.

For example, when opening a court hearing, the judge says Law and order! This is how this saying sounds [lɔrəndɔdə]. This is the so-called «intrusive» [r].

Vowel sounds

The situation with the English vowels does not look simpler: they are not all the same as the sounds of the Russian language, and are only remotely similar to them.

Vowels in English are:

1) long and short;

2) open and closed;

3) front and back.

Each sound has one or the other of these three characteristics.

Sound [æ] (bad, cat, map, ..). This designation in phonetic slang is called «frog».

It is a long, open, back vowel. The easiest way for a native Russian speaker is to learn how to pronounce this sound in the following way: you need to open your mouth so as to pronounce Russian [ a ]while trying to pronounce Russian [ NS ].

It is a short, closed, front vowel. When pronouncing this sound, the mouth is only slightly open. Unlike the previous sound produced deep in the larynx, the sound [e] is born in the area of ​​the teeth.

It is a long, closed, front vowel. It is a bit like the vowel sound in the Russian word «honey», but it is longer and forms closer to the teeth.

It is a long, open, back vowel. It looks a bit like a Russian sound [ a ] in the word «guy», but to pronounce it correctly, you need to «push him down the throat» as deep as possible. It is the back most vowel in the English language.

It is also a long, open, back vowel. It is somewhat similar to Russian [ O ] in the word «borscht», but, again, it is produced more deeply in the throat.

Sound [ʌ] (but, hum, plug and, ..). This phonetic symbol is called «a cap».

It is a short, closed, front vowel. It is produced immediately behind the teeth, i.e. much closer to the lips than the Russian sound [ a ]. When pronouncing it, the mouth does not open wide.

It is also a short, closed, front vowel. It is also produced much closer to the teeth than the Russian sound. [ O ]. It should be borne in mind that this sound is very similar to the previous one in its sound. In the speech of some native English speakers, it is impossible to distinguish the word “cup«From the word»cop«Without context. Those. for many (especially Americans), these words sound completely identical.

Nouns in plural or singular only

Remember, there are two numbers in English: singular and plural.

Let’s start with the latter.

Singularia tantum

), as well as many nouns that denote abstract concepts (curiosity, anger, foolishness, fun, progress etc.)[1].

Interestingly, in English, the nouns advice, information, progress and knowledge are used only in the singular, in contrast to the Russian language, where the plural is also possible.

They gave me some good advice. “They gave me some good advice.

The nouns money and hair are used only in the singular, while in Russian the corresponding nouns money and hair are in the plural.

Pluralia tantum

As for nouns that are used only in the plural, the following groups belong to them:

His clothes Were soaking wet. “Her clothes were wet through and through.

How to understand in what form a verb should be?

Usually the subject noun agrees in number with the predicate verb.

This means that if a noun is used in the singular, then the verb must also be in the singular, and if the noun is in the plural, then the verb must also take the plural form.

Those books cost a lot. “Those books are expensive.

However, there are special ones, collective nounsthat may behave differently than the rule above. They represent the names of groups of persons or animals that we consider as a whole (audience, committee, crew, crowd, family, government, group, majority, minority, staff, team etc.).

Such nouns can be used in two ways (depending on what the noun means):

1) a noun denotes a group as an indivisible whole.

In this case, there is no contradiction between the form of the word and its meaning. The noun agrees with the singular verb.

The school volleyball groups and teams has done well this month. (team = team as a whole)

The family lives in that house. (family = family as a whole)

2) a noun denotes a group as a collection of elements.

In this case, the noun retains the singular form grammatically, but in terms of meaning it becomes plural and agrees with the plural verb.

The team are having a rest now. (team = team members)

The family help me a lot. (family = family members)

Some collective nouns, however, agree with the verb only in the plural. This includes the words people[2], police and cattle.

[2] This refers to the plural form of the word person (people = people).

ETC Meaning: How to Use The Popular Term “ETC” Correctly?

The abbreviation “etc” has been used in all forms of electronic communication and face-to-face conversation for many years. However, if you have recently encountered this term being used for the first time, it may be a little difficult to comprehend the meaning of simply from context clues alone.

Luckily, your search has led you here where you will find the meaning for this term, the story of its origin, and some other meanings if there are any. Conversation examples are given to you here in addition to this information to help you see how the term is used in proper context in hopes that it will aid you to gain a better understanding of its meaning. Finally, you will see some other phrases that can be used in their place that have the same or similar meaning and can be used to send the same message.

Table of Contents

ETC Meaning

What Does ETC Mean?

The slang meaning of this term and the normal meaning are the same. It is an abbreviation of the term “et cetera.” This expression is used to mean “so one and so forth.” It is used when there are many examples or a long list of things that you can think of but you don’t need or want to take the time to list them all.

Origin of ETC

This term is derived from two separate Latin words that when combined form the definition above. The first is the word “et” which in Latin means “and.” The second word is “cetera” which is derived from another Latin term “ceterus” meaning “left over or the rest of.” The term that everyone uses today was first heard as a term that was used in late Middle English.

Other Meanings

Currently, there are no other known meanings for this term.

Conversation Examples

A text message conversation between mother and daughter.

An online discussion between two Facebook users.

Synonyms of ETC

There are a few other phrases you could use in place of the phrase that this slang term represents. Some other phrases you could use in its place include:

Etc what does it mean

1 ETC

2 etc.

3 etc

4 etc

5 ETC

6 ETC

7 etc.

8 etc.

9 etc.

10 ETC

Тематики

расчётное время окончания (работы)
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]

Тематики

Тематики

усовершенствованная передача данных с исправлением ошибок
(сотовая связь)
[Л.Г.Суменко. Англо-русский словарь по информационным технологиям. М.: ГП ЦНИИС, 2003.]

Тематики

11 ETC

12 ETC

13 etc.

14 etc.

15 ETC

16 ETC

17 etc.

18 ETC

19 etc

20 etc.

См. также в других словарях:

Etc. TV — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Etc. medios S.A. Nombre público Etc. TV Eslogan Todo pasa x ETC Tipo Television por cable Programación Infantil y Juvenil Propietario Telefilms Ltda. Inicio de tr … Wikipedia Español

Etc — Etc. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Cetera (homonymie). Le Canada, ou Nouvelle France, c … Wikipédia en Français

Etc. — Etc. Pour les articles homonymes, voir Cetera (homonymie). Le Canada, ou Nouvelle France, c … Wikipédia en Français

/etc — (от лат. et cetera и так далее) директория стандарта FHS, содержащая конфигурационные файлы большинства системных утилит и программ UNIX подобных ОС. Редактирование этих файлов влечёт за собой изменения для всех пользователей… … Википедия

etc — 1. This is an abbreviation of the Latin phrase et cetera meaning ‘and other things of the same kind’, and is pronounced et set ǝr ǝ or et set rǝ, despite the temptation to articulate the first syllable ek on the analogy of words such as ecstasy… … Modern English usage

Etc. — etc. У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Etc. Иное название этого понятия «Et cetera»; см. также другие значения. Le Canada, ou Nouvelle France, c … Википедия

Etc. — Etc. Saltar a navegación, búsqueda etc. es un canal de televisión canadiense. Este canal se ve por televisión por cable canadiense y tiene su página de internet,tiene diferentes secciones y se puede encontrar en inglés o en francés. Su insignia … Wikipedia Español

etc. — etc. also etc BrE [et ˈsetərə] adv et cetera used in writing after a list to show that there are many other similar things or people that you could have added ▪ a shop which sells cards, calendars, wrapping paper etc etc etc (=used when you are… … Dictionary of contemporary English

ETC — Pays Québec Langue français, Périodicité trimestrielle … Wikipédia en Français

Etc — etc: В Викисловаре есть статья «etc» etc. сокращение латинского выражения et cetera, означающего «и другие», «и тому подобное», «и так далее». Ставится в конце … Википедия

etc. — etc. [ et set(ə)rə ] abbreviation used after a list of things to mean and others of the same type, when you do not want to mention everything: The children can try playing music, dancing, painting etc. etc. etc. used as a way of avoiding… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English

What does ETC. stand for?

What does ETC. mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: ETC..

Electronic Toll Collection

Educate The Children

Eligible Telecommunications Carrier

Export Trading Company

Erosion Technology and Concentration

Estimated Time of Completion

Environmental Tectonics Corporation

Employee Transportation Coordinator

Enhanced Throughput Cellular

Estimated Time to Completion

Educational Training Center

Educational Technology Consortium

Experience The Creativity

Experimental Theater Club

East Texas Central Railroad

Enhanced Terminal Capability

Everything That Controls

Earthquake Test Center

Early Thirties Crime

Excellence Training For Clericals

Education, Traditions, and Celebrations

Evangelism Training Conference

What does ETC. mean?

Couldn’t find the full form or full meaning of ETC.?

Maybe you were looking for one of these abbreviations:

Discuss these ETC. abbreviations with the community:

Report Comment

We’re doing our best to make sure our content is useful, accurate and safe.
If by any chance you spot an inappropriate comment while navigating through our website please use this form to let us know, and we’ll take care of it shortly.