Помогите пожалуйста. КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ 1. “My friend lives in Mo…
Помогите пожалуйста. КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ 1. “My friend lives in Moscow”, said Alec. 2. The poor man said: “ My horse is wild. It can kill your horse”. 3. “You have not done your work well”, said the teacher to me. 4. “I can’t explain this rule to you”’ said my classmate to me. 5. He said:” I have just received a letter from my uncle” 6. I said:”I can give you my address”. СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ 1. They said:” What time does the train start?” 2. She asked me: ”What will you do tomorrow?” 3. I asked me uncle:”How long did you stay in Moscow?” 4. He wondered:”Where did you buy this hat?” 5. He said to her:”Where do you usually spend your summer holidays?” 6. She asked me:”Why did you come here yesterday?” ОБЩИЕ ВОПРОСЫ 1. The teacher said to me:”Does your father work at a factory?” 2. “Did you go shopping yesterday?”, said grandmother to Mary/ 3. My sister said to me:”Will you take me to the theatre with you tomorrow?” 4. The doctor asked Nick:”Do you wash your face every morning?” 5. Father said to Nick:”Have you done your homework?” 6. The man asked:”Are there any more books here?”
ПОВЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ 1. “Tom, go to bed”, said his mother. 2. “Don’t play in the street”, said the van to the boys. 3. “Give me your book, Nick”, said the teacher 4. Father said to Jane:”Show me your homework, please”. 5. The teacher said to the pupils:”Don’t open your books”. 6. Kate said to her grandmother:”Help me to cook the soup, please”.
Косвенная речь (Reported speech / Indirect speech)
Косвенная речь (Reported speech) – это передача чьих-то слов без точного их цитирования, в отличие от прямой речи (direct speech). Косвенною речь часто ещё называют просто непрямой речью (Indirect speech) и значительно реже, когда indirect discourse. Стоит отметить, что обычно используют именно косвенную речь, значительно реже прямую. Сравните (обратите внимание, что в непрямой речи изменяется время главного глагола):
She said, “I want to buy a car.” – прямая речь She said (that) she wanted to buy a car. – косвенная речь
Anna said, “I don’t like shopping.” – прямая речь Anna said (that) she didn’t like shopping. – косвенная речь
Союз that можно “опустить”, то есть, можно сказать:
Steve said that he was feeling ill. или так Steve said he was feeling ill.
В любом случае всегда обращайте внимание на структуру и звучание предложения, например не стоит использовать два that в одном предложении, а также, если чувствуете, что Вас могут не понять. Также если Вы не уверены в том, можно ли вставить союз that в данное предложение, то лучше тогда его не использовать. Однако в официальной речи уместнее употреблять союз that.
Но перейдём собственно к тому, как правильно изменять временную форму глаголов в косвенной речи.
Настоящее и будущее время
Как правило, настоящая и будущая форма времени глаголов в прямой речи, при передаче их в косвенную речь изменяются на прошедшую форму времени. Изучите следующую таблицу:
am/is → was
do/does → did
will → would
are → were
have/has → had
can → could
go/know/want/like/may и т.д. → went/knew/wanted/liked/might и т.д.
Немного примеров. Пусть Вас не смущают кавычки вокруг первых примеров. Они просто означают, что в них заключена пряма речь, предложения, которые кто-то когда-то сказал.
“I play football every day.” → He said he played football every day.
“I do my homework every day.” → He said he did his homework every day.
“Julia has a new job.” → He said Julia had a new job.
“I am playing football.” → He said he was playing football.
“I have played football.” → He said he had played football.
“I will play football.” → He said he would play football.
“I am going to play football.” → He said he was going to play football.
“I can play football.” → He said he could play football.
“I may play football.” → He said he might play football
Прошедшее время
“I played football.” → He said he played football или He said he had played football.
“She watched football.” → He said she watched football или He said she had watched football.
“I saw her in the street.” → He said he saw her in the street или He said he saw her…
“I did not go to work.” → He said he did not go to work или He said he had not gone to work
Данное правило неуместно, если прямая речь уже была в past perfect:
“I had played football.” → He said she had played football
“They had broken down a car.” → She said they had broken down a car
Когда можно оставить настоящее и будущее время без изменений
Иногда настоящее или будущее время глаголов в косвенной речи можно не изменять. Если ситуация в момент передачи речи не изменилась, то можно оставить время глаголов как было. Обратите внимание что say и tell в данном случае можно поставить в настоящем или прошедшем времени.
“My new job is boring.” → Michael said (says) that his new job is boring. (Ситуация не изменилась, у Михаила по-прежнему скучная работа)
“I speak English fluently.” → Sonia says (said) that she speaks English fluently. (Соня всё ещё говорит на английском свободно)
“I want to go to Canada again.” → David tells (told) me he wants to go to Canada again. (Дэвид до сих пор хочет снова поехать в Канаду)
“I will go home tomorrow.” → She said (says) she will go home tomorrow. (Она по-прежнему собирается поехать завтра домой)
И, конечно же, не будет ошибкой, если Вы скажите, например Sonia said she spoke English fluently. Но если ситуация в момент передачи косвенной речи изменилась, то необходимо ставить глагол как обычно в прошедшей временной форме. К примеру, Вы встретили Татьяну. Она сказала “Anna is in hospital.” Позднее в тот же день Вы встречаете Анну на улице и говорите: Hi, Anna. I didn’t expect to see you here. Tatyana said you were in hospital (неправильно было бы сказать: ‘Tatyana said you are in hospital’, так как это не соответствует действительности, на данный момент Анна не в больнице)
Изменение вопросительного предложения
Do you like music? (на этот вопрос можно ответить да или нет).
Общие вопросы
Как правило, сложности с пониманием возникают именно с общими вопросами. Их часто ещё называют “Вопросы Да/Нет”, потому что на переводимые прямые вопросы в косвенные можно ответить одним словом – да или нет. Косвенные вопросы образуются при помощи слов “if” или “whether”, которые ставятся в самом начале переводимого в косвенную речь вопроса. Правила согласования времён в предложениях те же самые, что и в простых косвенных предложениях, однако они не начинаются с вспомогательных глаголов (will, have, do…), вместо них используются слова “if ” и “whether”, которые переводятся на русский как “ли”: в данном случае разницы между ними нет. Использовать союз “that” в косвенных вопросах грамматически неверно. Изучите примеры.
Direct Question
Indirect Question
“ Do you like music?”
He asked me if I liked music. (Неверно: he asked me did I like music)
He asked me whether I liked music.
“Will he participate in the quiz competition?”
She asked me if he would participate in quiz competition.
She asked me whether he would participate in quiz competition.
“Are you feeling well?”
I asked him if he was feeling well.
I asked him whether he was feeling well.
“Did you go to school?”
They asked me if I had gone to school.
They asked me whether I had gone to school.
“Have you taken the breakfast?”
He asked me if I had taken the breakfast.
He asked me whether I had taken the breakfast.
“Were they going to the car?”
She asked her husband if they had been going to the car.
She asked her husband whether they had been going to the car.
“Have they been going to the car”
She asked her husband if they had been going to the car.
She asked her husband whether they had been going to the car.
Специальные вопросы
Данные вопросы образуются без “if ” и “whether”. На их место ставятся вопросительные наречия: where, why, which, who. Остальные правила образования те же, что и в обычных косвенных предложениях.
Direct Question
Indirect Question
“How are you?”
He asked me how I was. (неверно: how was I)
“What is your name?”
Alice asked him what his name was.
“Why did you come late?”
She asked him why he had come late.
“Where have you been?”
She asked her husband where he had been.
“When will they come?”
He asked when they would come.
“What were you doing?”
He asked Anna what she had been doing.
“Why are you crying?”
They asked his wife why she was crying.
Проверьте себя, пройдите тест.
Тест на понимание косвенной речи
На этом можно закончить. Что собой представляет косвенная речь и как она строится, Вы, внимательно изучив статью выше, теперь знаете. Если желаете полностью освоить косвенную речь, то далее, дополнительная часть статьи для Вас.
Модальные глаголы
При изменении прямой речи в косвенную необходимо также обращать внимание, есть ли в предложении модальные глаголы. Как и главные глаголы, они должны изменяться в косвенной речи, однако не все модальные глаголы можно изменять. Изучите таблицы ниже.
Модальные глаголы, которые изменяются в косвенной речи
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
CAN → COULD
“I can drive a car.”
She said, “He can play a violin.”
“We can climb on a hil.”
He said he could drive a car.
She said that he could play a violin.
They said they could climb on a hill.
“I may buy a computer.”
She said, “He may visit a doctor.”
“They may go to zoo.”
He said that he might buy a computer.
She said he might visit a doctor.
They said they might go to zoo.
“I must work hard.”
She said, “They must carry on their work.”
I said to her, “You must learn English.”
He said he had to work hard.
She said that they had to carry on their work.
I said to her that she had to learn English.
Модальные глаголы, которые не изменяются в косвенной речи
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
WOULD → WOULD
“I would start a business.”
“We would apply for a visa.”
“I would appear in the exam.”
He said that he would start a business.
They said they would apply for visa.
She said she would appear in the exam.
“I could run faster.”
“We could not learn the lesson.”
“She could play a piano.”
He said that he could run faster.
They said they could not learn the lesson.
She said she could play a piano.
“Guests might come.”
“I might meet him.”
He said that guest might come.
Anna said she might meet him.
She said it might rain.
“I should avail the opportunity.”
“We should take the exam.”
“I should help him.”
He said that he should avail the opportunity.
They said they should take the exam.
She said that she should help him.
He said to me, “You ought to wait for him.”
“We ought to attend our classes.”
“I ought to learn method of study.”
He said to me that I ought to wait for him.
They said that they ought to attend their classes.
She said that she ought to learn method of study.
Время и наречия
Время и наречия в косвенной речи также изменяются. Примеры:
“I will buy a book tomorrow” → She said that she would buy a book the next day.
“I am happy now” → He said that he was happy then.
“I like this book” → He said that he liked that book.
Основные случаи
Direct Speech
Indirect Speech
today tomorrow yesterday next week/month/year last week/month/year now/just ago here this/these
that day/the same day the next day/the following day the day before/the previous day the following week/month/year the previous week/month/year then before there that/those
Повелительные(imperative) и восклицательные(exclamatory) предложения
В косвенных повелительных и восклицательных предложениях, чаще всего согласование времён отсутствует. В зависимости от контекста могут заменяться глаголы said, told, advised и т.п.
Повелительные предложения
“Please help me” → He asked me to help him.
“You should work hard for exam” → He suggested him to work hard for exam.
“Do not tell a lie” → They said to him not to tell a lie.
“Open the door” → He ordered to open the door.
“Do not waste your time” → The teacher advised the students not to waste their time.
“Do not smoke” → Doctor advised me not to smoke.
Восклицательные предложения
Восклицательные предложения – это выражение радости, печали, удивления и т.п. Например: “Ура! Мы победили”, “Увы! Ты опоздал” или “Ого! Классно выглядишь ”. Очень часто используются такие слова, как exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with wonder и т.д.
“Alas! I failed in exam” → She exclaimed with sorrow that she failed in the exam.
“Wow! What a nice shirt it is” → Michel exclaimed with wonder that it was a nice shirt.
“Hurrah! I am selected for the job” → She exclaimed with joy that she was selected for the job.
“Wow! What a pleasant weather it is” → They exclaimed with wonder that it was a pleasant weather.
Урок по теме » Косвенная речь»(9класс)
Курс повышения квалификации
Концептуальное и методическое обновление дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в условиях реализации ФГОС
Курс повышения квалификации
Дистанционное обучение как современный формат преподавания
Курс повышения квалификации
Особенности методической работы в онлайн-образовании
«Психологические методы развития навыков эффективного общения и чтения на английском языке у младших школьников»
Учебные задания в аспекте функциональной грамотности школьников в новом учебном году
Открытая сессия для педагогов и родителей
Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:
Reported speech. (statements) Составила учитель английского языка Р.Г. Гиниятуллина
Mind the tenses.
Mind the tenses
Check your answers. 1 He asked me if I liked going shopping. 2 The teacher wanted to know if we had read an English book the previous year. 3 Mother asked her son if he had invited somebody to dinner at the week- end. 4 Pete asked me if I could speak a foreign language. 5 I wanted to know if Jack was good at foreign languages. 6 She asked me if I enjoyed the performance. 7 He wanted to know if I would go to the disco the next day. 8 My friend asked me if I was going away somewhere for my holiday.
Report the questions
Key: She asks me if I travel to Europe every year. The teacher wonders what they are thinking about. The doctor wants to know how long he has had that cough. Peter asks whether he has been to Moscow. The examiner asks if Scotland is an independent state. The editor wanted to know when the writer would finish his book. He asked the boys what they were doing there. George was interested if Ann liked rainy weather. Lucy asked if Kate had bought a new car. Mother wondered why her son had turned off the radio.
Ann asked me where I was going for the weekend. The teacher asked the pupils what they were talking about. I asked my friend how long he had stayed in Moscow. He asked me what I would do after school. She wanted to know what her friend usually did in the evening. Mike asked me where he could see me the next time. My friend wanted to know what the director had told me. Tom wanted to know how long it would take us to go there by plane. She wondered where he had gone. Check your answers.
Помогите с английским. заранее спасибо
3. Make the following general question in the Reported Speech. (Задайте следующий общий вопрос в косвенной речи.)
1. I asked him, «Does your friend live here?» _________________________
2. He asked a man, «Are you waiting?» _________________________
3. Nick asked his friend, «Will you stay at your sister’s?» _________________________
4. She asked where, «Have you sent the telegram?» _________________________
5. We asked them, «Did you buy this car yesterday?» _________________________
6. I asked him, «Where are you going?» _________________________
7. I asked him,»How long are you going to stay?» _________________________
8. We asked a little girl, «Why were you crying?» _________________________
9. They asked us, «When will you return home?» _________________________
10. Mary asked Tom, «What time will you come here tomorrow?» _________________________
1. I asked him, «Does your friend live here?» ___I asked him if his friend lived there.______________________
2. He asked a man, «Are you waiting?» ____He asked a man if he was waiting._____________________
3. Nick asked his friend, «Will you stay at your sister’s?» ____Nick asked his friend if he would stay __at his sister’s.___________________
4. She asked where, «Have you sent the telegram?» ___She asked me if I had sent the telegram.______________________
5. We asked them, «Did you buy this car yesterday?» _We asked them if they had bought that car the day before.________________________
6. I asked him, «Where are you going?» _I asked him where he was going.________________________
7. I asked him,»How long are you going to stay?» ___I asked him how long he was going to stay.______________________
8. We asked a little girl, «Why were you crying?» _____We asked a little girl why she had been crying.____________________
9. They asked us, «When will you return home?» ___They asked us when we would return home.______________________
10. Mary asked Tom, «What time will you come here tomorrow?» Mary asked Tom what time he would come there the next day.
Анатолий Анатольевич Eфремов
Prepositional Phrases
A. Remember the following prepositional phrases.
for hire/rent
for sure/certain
on board
in public
at least
by post/air mail
in short
in cash
in the first place
on an excursion
on one’s own
by chance
on schedule
by accident
for instance
by cheque
for a change
in other words
on a trip/tour
in a good/bad mood
on the move
at once
in private
Examination Practice
B. Read the following sentences and complete them with prepositions in, on, at, under or without.
1. All assignments are due tomorrow without fail.
2. A computer chooses the lottery at random.
3. Our house has been on the market for over two months but we haven’t been able to sell it yet.
4. Everyone was in a state of shock after the devastating news.
5.I was at a loss for words when I was told I had won the prize.
6. The road works in progress are responsible for the traffic jams.
7. I can’t go out tonight. I’m feeling a bit under the weather.
8. The train is in sight. It will be pulling in any minute now.
9. Dianne was refused entry to the club because she was under age.
10. Final-year students are under a lot of pressure to pass their exams.
11. I have bought this gym equipment on approval. I can return it within fifteen days.
12. My wife isn’t here at the moment because she’s away on business.
Examination Practice
C. Read the text and insert the right prepositions in the spaces provided.
A woman 0 in blue jeans stood 1 at the window 2 of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated 3 for a moment, she finally went 4 in and asked to see a dress that was 5 in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing 6 at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked 7 out 8 of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned 9 to the shop the following morning dressed 10 in a fur coat, 11 with a handbag 12 in one hand and a long umbrella 13 in the other. 14 After seeking 15 out the rude assistant she asked 16 for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time. 17 With great difficulty, he climbed 18 into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said she did not like it. She enjoyed herself making the assistant bring almost everything 19 in the window before finally buying the dress she has first asked 20 for.
Examination Practice
D. Use the question words below to complete the special questions.
