I was watching a football match on tv at that time so john

02.11.202321.08.2022 admin 0 Comments

I was watching a football match on tv at that time so john

Comparative Structures (Сравнительные конструкции)

При сравнении двух предметов одного качества употребляется союз than [дэп ] чем.

Your father is older than mine. Ваш отец старше моего.

Если перед сравниваемым существительным в качестве определения употреблено другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, то сравниваемое существительное опускается:

My flat is larger than Peter’s. Моя квартира больше квартиры Петра.

Вместо смыслового глагола во второй части сравнительной конструкции употребляется соответствующий вспомогательный глагол, который, однако, может опускаться.

I woke up earlier than my brother (did). Я проснулся раньше брата.

Exercise 11. Transform these sentences according to the models.

a) Nick is nice. And John? John is nicer than Nick.

1. Ben is young. And Dick? 2. His brother is short. And Ben’s brother? 3. Lesson 14 is easy. And lesson 13? 4. Our team is good. And their team? 5. My father is old. And Ted’s father? 6. Peter has many English books. And Max? 7. Ann has few friends at college. And Mary?

b) Does John get up as early as Ben does?

I think he gets up earlier than Ben does.

1. Did John come home as late as Dick did? 2. Does John speak French as well as Bill does? 3. Can he play hockey as well as football? 4. Can she speak French as well as English? 5. I don’t like oranges as much as apples.

c) This novel isn’t as interesting as that one.

That novel is more interesting than this one.

1. This exercise isn’t as difficult as that one. 2. This film isn’t as exciting as that one. 3. Mary’s father isn’t as old as John’s. 4. It is’t as hot today as it was yesterday. 5. It isn’t as cold today as it was last Sunday. 6. He hasn’t as much free time as John (has).

Exercise 12. Translate into English.

1. Я написал более длинное письмо, чем вы. — У меня было меньше времени, чем у вас. 2. Г-н Грин так же хорошо говорит по-испански, как и г-н Смит, не так ли? —Я думаю, что г-н Смит говорит по-испански лучше г-на Грина. — Я не знал этого. 3. Как вам понравился матч? — Не очень. (Мне он не очень понравился.) В воскресенье игра была интереснее. 4. Садитесь, пожалуйста. Кстати, это кресло удобнее того. 5. Сегодня теплее, чем вчера. Пойдемте погулять в парк. 6. У Анны меньше друзей в институте, чем у Елены, не так ли? — Да. Но у Анны больше друзей по школе. 7. Я слышала, что Чехов (Chekhov) — один из наиболее популярных русских писателей в Англии.— Да, его книги очень популярны. 8. Это был самый увлекательный матч, который я когда-либо видел.

5. The Use of the Article with Nouns «morning», «day», «evening», «night» ( Употребление артикля с существительными mornmg, day, evening, night)

1. Перед существительными morning, day, evening, night употребляется определенный артикль:

а) когда речь идет об определенном, данном периоде суток.

The morning is wonderful. Утро (это утро) чудесное. The day was warm. День (тот день) был теплый.

б) когда существительные morning, evening употребляются в сочетании с предлогом in.

Let’s go for a walk in the evening. Пойдемте погулять вечером.

2. Эти существительные употребляются без артикля:

а) в функции предикатива и иногда дополнения. It was evening. Был вечер.

I like early morning. Мне нравится раннее утро.

Не came back at night. Он вернулся ночью. Не read the book from morning till night. Он читал книгу с утра до вечера.

3. С этими существительными употребляется неопределенный артикль, если перед ними стоит описательное определение (за исключением прилагательного early).

It was a wonderful black night. Это была чудесная темная ночь. Н о: It was early morning. Было раннее утро.

6. «То get», «to become», «to grow», «to turn», «to look», «to feel» as link-verbs (Глаголы to get, to become, to grow, to turn, to look, to feel в качестве связок)

Глаголы to get, to become, to grow, to turn в значении становиться, to look в значении выглядеть, to feel в значении чувствовать употребляются в качестве глагола-ввязки составного именного сказуемого.

Не felt very tired yesterday. Он чувствовал себя очень усталым вчера.

You look quite ill. Вы выглядите совсем больным. It is getting cold. Становится холодно. It is growing hotter. Становится жарче. My father is growing old. Мой отец стареет. Your daughter has become a very good teacher. Ваша дочь стала очень хорошим преподавателем. Не turned red. Он покраснел.

Exercise 13. Read and translate these sentenses.

1. Your brother has become a very good hockey player. 2. I Moscow is becoming more and more beautiful. 3. She turned red when she Heard the news. 4. The trees in your garden have grown quite tall. 5. These flowers look beautiful, dpn’t they? 6. It’s getting dark, isn’t it? 7. I hope you feel guife comfortablein this armchair. 8. I feel very tired today.

WORD-BUILDINIG

1. Adjective-forming suffixes «-al», «-ful», «-y»

Exercise I. Point out the suffixes in these adjectives and translate them.

fruitful [‘fru:tfl], happy, frosty, musical, political [pa’litikl], wonderful, busy, easy

Exercise 2. Form adjectives from these nouns and translate them.

2. Adverb-forming suffix «-ly»

-ly — суффикс наречий. С его помощью образуются качественные наречия от основ прилагательных, сохраняя в большинстве случаев значение прилагательного: usually обычно, easily легко, badly плохо.

Exercise 3. Form adverbs from these adjectives and translate them.

occasional, real, bad, fruitful, happy, useful, helpful, beautiful, bright, slow, nice

TEXT

Learn these words and word combinations

Exercise 1. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to active words and word combinations.

1. The climate of Scotland is not as mild as the climate of England. 2. The warm winds of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans do not influence the climate of the greater part of his country. 3. The July average temperature in London is lower than in Paris. 4. Strong frosts are rare in this part of the country. 5. «It’s as frosty today as it was yesterday, isn’t it?» «I think the frost was even worse yesterday.» 6. It snows more in February than in March in Moscow 7. In Great Britain the weather changes from day to day. 8. It rained hard all day yesterday. 9. About 80 per cent of Russia is in the temperate zone. 10. Winters in the south are not as cold as they are in the central part of the country. 11, Siberia has a more continental climate, summers are hotter and shorter, winters are colder and longer. 12. The tundra occupies the extreme north of the country. 13. Winters are milder and summers are hotter on the Black Sea coast. 14. It is rather cool here in early spring. 15. The temperature is around 40° С above zero.

CLIMATE OF GREAT BRITAINE AND OUR COUNTRY

Western winds that blow from the Atlantic Ocean influence the climate of Great Britain. The climate is mild and strong frosts are rare. The January average temperature is higher and the July temperature is lower than in most European countries.

The coldest part of the country is the Highlands of Scotland. It is as frosty in Scotland as it is in St. Peterburg. In January south-western England (Devon and Cornwall) is the warmest part in Great Britain. There snow is rare and it never lies for long. In summer the south-eastern part of England is the warmest.

Britain has rain almost in every month of the year. In Great Britain the weather changes from day to day or even during the day. It may be sunny in the morning and it may start raining hard 1 in the afternoon.

About 80 per cent of Russia is in the temperate zone, 18 per cent in the Arctic and 2 per cent is subtropical.

The greater part of the country is not influenced by the warm winds 2 of the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. There are no mountains in the north to protect the country from the cold north winds. Vast masses of cold air from the Arctic flow over the land and lower the temperature in the northern and ceatral regions of the European and Asian parts of the country. In most regions the climate is continental with hot, short summers and cold, long winters.

The tundra is a cold bare region, it occupies the extreme north of the country.

The lowest average winter temperature in the tundra is around 30°C below zero. 3

In the European part of the country the coldest months are January and February and the hottest months are July and August. There is often a lot of rain in autumn.

In St.Petersburg the climate is less continental, summers are cooler and winters are warmer than in the central regions of the European part of the country.

Siberia has a more continental climate than the European part of the country, winters are colder and longer, summers are hotter and shorter.

The Black Sea coast have a subtropical climate. Winters are mild and summers are hot there.

the Atlantic Ocean Ot’lsentik ‘oufn] Атлантический океан European [,jusra’pi3n ] европейский

the Highlands of Scotland [‘haitandz sv ‘skatbnd] север Шотландии

Devon [‘devsn ] Девон

Cornwall [‘komworl ] Корнуолл

The Arctic [‘a:ktikj Арктика

The Arctic Ocean Северный Ледовитый океан

the Pacific [ps’sifik] Ocean Тихий океан

Siberia [sai’bisria ] Сибирь

1. it may start raining haid может начаться сильный дождь

2. is not influenced by the warm winds теплые ветры не оказывают воздействия (влияния)

3. is around 30°C (thirty degrees [di’gri:z] centigrade [‘sentigreid]) below zero около 30° (градусов) ниже нуля по Цельсию

В России и во многих других странах используется термометр Цельсия.

В Англии, США и в некоторых других странах наряду с термометром Цельсия используется термометр Фаренгейта. Точка замерзания воды по Фаренгейту +32°, а точка кипения +212°.

Exercise 2. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 3. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. оказывают влияние на климат. 2. сильные морозы бывают редко. 3. В Шотландии так же холодно, как и в Санкт-Петербурге. 4. В Англии дожди идут почти в каждом месяце. 5. Около 80% территории России находится в умеренной зоне. 6. чтобы защитить страну от холодных северных ветров. 7. снижают температуру в северных и центральных областях (районах). 8. в большинстве областей. 9. Самая низкая средне-зимняя температура в тундре около 30° ниже нуля. 10. и самые жаркие месяцы. 11. менее континентальный.

Exercise 4. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the text.

mild, average, part, snow, from day to day, to start raining, to occupy, the Atlantic Ocean, vast masses of cold air, continental, rain, cool, the European part of the country, the Black Sea coast

Exercise 5. Answer these questions.

* climatic [klai’mastik] а климатический

Exercise 6. Give the degrees of comparison of these adjectives and adverbs.

mild, strong, high, low, cold, warm, frosty, sunny, large, great, bad, brilliant, good, little, long, short, much, many, badly, well, exciting, thick, thin, hot, cool, continental, temperate, difficult, early, easy, easily

Exercise 7. Transform these sentences according to the models. Translate them.

a) It is not as cold in February as it is in January. It is colder in January than in February.

1. It is not as hot in August as it is in July in Moscow 2. It is not as cool in the morning as it is in the evening here. 3. Winters in Moscow are not as frosty as they are in Siberia. 4. Cold northern winds in the central regions of the country are not as strong as they are in the tundra. 5. Summers in the Highlands of Scotland are not as warm as they are in the south-eastern part of England.

b) I do not like autumn as much as (I like) spring. I like spring more than autumn.

1. She does not like winter as much as summer. 2. It does not rain as much on summer as (it does) in autumn. 3. It does not snow as moch in December as (it does) in January. 4. I do not like rain as much as snow. 5. I do not like the continental climate as much as I like the subtropical climate.

Exercise 8. Insert appropriate form of the adjectives and adverbs given in brackets.

1. The January average temperature in Great Britain is (high) than in some European countries. 2. Wbere are winters (long): in Moscow or in Paris? 3. It rained (hard) yesterday than it is raining today. 4. Today it is (cool) than it was yesterday. 5. There snow lies (long) than in the south of the country. 6. If the climate is subtropical, then sammers are (long). 7. February is (short) month of the year. 8. The climate of Ireland [‘aislsnd] is (mild) than the climate of some European countries. 9. Finland has a (coatinental) climate than Norway [‘no:wei ].

Exercise 9. Ask questions to which the italicized words are the answers.

1. Siberia has a more continental climate. 2. The winter average temperature in the tundra is around 30°C below zero. 3. The greater part of Australia [o:s’treiljo ] has a subtropical climate. 4. In the south winters are milder than in the central regions of the country. 5. There are four seasons in the year. 6. Spring is the best season of the year in England.

Exercise 10. Insert articles where necessary.

Exercise 11. Insert prepositions or adverbs.

Exercise 12. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the proper tenses.

Exercise 13. Give a summary of the text «Climate of Great Britain and cur country.»

Exercise 14. Translate into English.

1. Какой климат в Шотландии? — Климат в Шотландии не такой мягкий, как в Англии. Зимой в Шотландии идет снег и на севере так же холодно, как и в Санкт-Петербурге. Зима в Шотландии не такая длинная, как в Санкт-Петербурге или Москве. Лето более прохладное, чем в Москве. 2. Погода в Лондоне меняется изо дня в день и даже в течение дня. Утро может быть солнечным, а днем может качаться дождь. 3. 80%территории нашей страт. находится в умеренной зоне. В большинстве районов климат континентальный, лето жаркое и короткое, зима холодная и длинная. Самая теплая часть страны — Черноморское побережье. Там зима мягкая и не очень длинная, а лето очень жаркое и длинное. В Сибири более континентальный климат, чем в Европейской части нашей страны. Зима там холоднее и длиннее, а лето жарче и короче. 4. Северные ветры, которые дуют с Северного Ледовитого океана, оказывают влияние на климат Финляндии. 5. Огромные массы холодного воздуха из Арктики проходят над Канадой и снижают температуру в ее северных районах. 6. Какая сегодня температура? — 23°С выше нуля. Сегодня жарче, чем вчера, не так ли? 7. Я не люблю осени, осенью часто идут сильные дожди и становится холоднее. 8. Приближается весна. Дни стали длиннее, с каждым днем (изо дня в день) теплее. 9. Собираетесь ли вы поехать на прогулку за город днем? — Если день будет солнечный и теплый, мы поедем на прогулку. 10. Какой самый холодный месяц в Москве? — Январь. 11. Он вернется будущей весной 12. Сегодня ветер западный (с запада).

Exercise 15. a) Speak on these topics, b) Write a story on one of the topics.

1. Climate of Great Britain. 2. Climate of our country. 3. Climate of Canada (Australia, Finland, etc.). 4. My favourite season.

LESSON TWENTY

Conversations: A. Weather. B. It’s Too Wet to Go for a Walk. C. A Visit to an Exhibition.

Learn these speech patterns

1. a) I like it when it is warm. Мне нравится, когда тепло, b) I hate it when it rains. Ненавижу (терпеть не могу), когда идет дождь.

Exercise1. Make up sentences using the table and translate them. 290

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

2. a) «I like it when it is warm.» «So do I.» Мне нравится, когда тепло.— Мне тоже.

b) «I do not like it when it is cold.» «Neither [‘naids] do I.» Мне не нравится, когда холодно.— Мне тоже.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Обратите внимание на порядок слов: вспомогательный или модальный глагол обычно ставится перед подлежащим.

Exercise 3. Read these statements and responses to them. Translate them into Russian.

a) 1. «John is fond of French.» «So am I.» 2. «They are football fans.» «So are we.» 3. «I go to the football-ground every Saturday.» «So does Bill.» 4. «We attended the semifinals last Saturday.» «So did they.» 5. «I was watching a football match on TV at that time.» «So was John.» 6. «I have read this book.» «So has Jane.» 7. «He can play chess very well.» «So can Jim.»

b) 8. «Peter is not a student.» «Neither am I.» 9. «He doesn’t like it when it’s hot.» «Neither does my father.» 10. «Spartak didn’t win the game yesterday.» «Neither did Tractor.» 11. «I didn’t have to go there yesterday.» «Neither did he.» 12. «He hasn’t had a holiday yet.» «Neither have I.»

Exercise 4. Give responses according to the model.

Peter lost a game of chess yesterday. (John) So did John.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Вчера он был на финальном матче по хоккею.— Я тоже. 2. Она уже посмотрела этот фильм.— Мы тоже. 3. Он очень хорошо играет в теннис.— Она тоже. 4. Мне не нравится, когда стоит очень жаркая погода.— Ему тоже. 5. Он еще не перевел этот текст.— Они тоже. 6. В прошлом году они не умели играть в футбол.— Он тоже. 7. «Спартак» не выиграл игру на кубок.— «Динамо» тоже. 8. В следующую пятницу Петр уедет в командировку. Я тоже. 9. Вчера в 7 часов вечера мы смотрели хоккейный матч по телевидению.— Он тоже. 3. Its too wet to go for a walk. Слишком мокро, чтобы идти на прогулку.

Exercise 6. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

Exercise 7. Make up four sentences using pattern 2.

Learn these words and word combinations

A: Nice and bright this morning. 1

B: Yes. Much better than yesterday. 2 I like it when it’s warm.

A: So do I. I’m afraid it may cloud over this afternoon.

B: I don’t think it’ll last.

A: What’s the weather like today?

B: It’s a lovely day. Let’s go for a drive to the country.

A: Fairly mild for the time of year. 3

B: Yes. Quite different from the forecast.

A: They say we’re in for snow. 4

B: What a pity! I shan’t be able to go for a hike in the mountains.

A: Cold this morning, isn’t it?

B: Yes. And I’m afraid it’s going to get even colder.

A: I think the wind’s getting stronger.

B: Yes, it’s much stronger now that in the morning.

A: Do you know the forecast for tomorrow?

B: Cold and foggy in the morning, rainy and windy in the afternoon.

A: Is it still raining?

B: No, it’s stopped at last. I think it’s going to be a beautiful day.

B. IT’S TOO WET TO GO FOR A WALK

A: Oh, there you are. I’m glad you’ve come. Is Min with you?

B: No, he isn’t. I don’t know where he is.

A: Oh well, he’ll be here in a few minutes, I hope. Come in and take your coat off.

A: You’re very wet. Is it raining?

B: Yes, it’s raining hard. It’s too wet to go for a walk. I’m afraid.

A: Oh well, we can go out in the car. There’s enough room in the car for all of us. We’ll decide when John comes. Would you like some coffee while we’re waiting for him?

A: I’ll go and get you some. Do you like it black or white?

B: White, please, but without too much milk.

A: Here you are. And here’s the sugar. Help yourself.

A: What did you do yesterday? Did you go swimming?

B: No, it was too cold to swim.

A: I wonder when John’s coming. It’s unusual for him to be so late.

A: Oh good. I’ll go and let him in.

С. A VISIT TO AN EXHIBITION

Bobrov, a Russian businessman, meets Mr Chandler, a British businessman, at the entrance to the Automobile Exhibition in London.

Bobrov: Hello, Mr Chandler.

Mr Chandler: Hello, Mr Bobrov. It’s a lovely morning, isn’t it?

B: Yes, it’s a wonderful morning. It’s so warm and sunny. Going to see the exhibition? 5

Ch: Yes, I heard so much about it. I’m fond of cars, you know. You’re going in, too, aren’t you?

B: Yes, I haven’t seen it yet. Let’s go in.

(They go into the hall.)

Ch: Why, it’s crowded! I must say a lot of people seem to be interested in cars. 6

B: That’s nice to know.

2. Much better than yesterday, (разг.) = It is much better than yesterday. Значительно (гораздо) лучше, чем вчера.

3. for the time of year для этого времени (периода) года

4. They say we’re in for snow. В прогнозе говорится, что ожидается снег.

5. Going to see the exhibition? (разг.) = Are you going to see the exhibition?

6. a lot of people seem to be interested in cars кажется, очень многих интересуют автомобили.

Exercise 8. Read and translate the dialogues.

Exercise 9. Find in the dialogues English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. Гораздо лучше, чем вчера. 2. Боюсь, что небо затянется тучами. 3. Довольно тепло (теплая погода) для этого времени года. 4. Ожидается снег. 5. Ветер становится сильнее. б. дождь и ветер во второй половине дня. 7. Да, идет сильный дождь. 8. достаточно места в машине. 9. Угощайтесь (берите), пожалуйста. 10. впущу его. 11. Чудесное утро, не так ли?

Exercise 10. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used. Translate them.

bright, to last, forecast, to get, foggy, te stop, to hope, to take off, too wet, without, unusual, sunny, to go in

Exercise 11. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Nice and bright this morning.

B: Yes. Much better than yesterday.

(A: cold and foggy, rainy and windy; B: worse, worse)

2. A: I like it when it’s nice and bright.

(B: does Peter, does Jane, do they)

3. A: I don’t like it when it’s rainy and windy.

B: Neither does he.

(B: does she, does Ann, do we, do I)

4. A: I’m afraid it may cloud over this afternoon.

B: I hope it won’t last.

(A: rain, get windy, turn foggy)

5. A: Fairly mild for the time of year.

B: Yes. Quite different from the forecast.

6. A: Do you know the weather forecast for the weekend?

B: They say we’re in for snow.

(B: rain, fog, a snowstorm)

7. A: The wind is rather strong this morning, isn’t it?

B: Yes, and it’s going to get even stgonger.

8: A: Is it still snowing?

B: No, the snow has stopped at last.

(A: it raining; B: the rain)

9, A: What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow?

B: Sunny and warm.

(B: cold and foggy, rainy and windy, frosty and windy, sunny and hot)

B: It’s a beautiful morning. The sun is shining brightly and it’s fairly warm.

(A: afternoon; B: afternoon)

11. A- The weather is awfuf* today, isn’t It?

B: Yes. Much worse than yesterday.

(A: nice, bad; B: better, worse)

* awful 1’э:П] а ужасный

12. A: Is there enough room for all of us in your car?

(A: boat, sitting-room)

13. A: Help yourself to some apple-pie.

(A: ice-cream, roastbeef, apples, oranges)

14. A: Why didn’t you swim yesterday?

B: It was too cold to swim.

(A: go for a walk, bathe, go for a drive, go out, go boating; B: to go for a walk, to bathe, to go for a drive, to go out, to go boating).

15. A: Michael hasn’t come yet, has he?

B: No, he hasn’t. It’s unusual for him to be late.

(A: John, Peter, Ben)

Exercise 12. Fill in the blanks with missing remarks. Reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Nice and bright this morning.

2. A: Sunny and warm this morning.

3. A: Cold and rainy this afternoon.

4. A: I don’t like it when it’s rainy and windy.

5. A: I like it when it’s sunny and warm.

6. A: I’m afraid it may cloud over this afternoon.

7. A: I hope it won’t rain tomorrow.

8. A: Fairly hot for the time of year.

9. A: Do you know the weather forecast for tomorrow?

10. A: They say we’re in for a snowstorm.

11. A: The wind is getting stronger.

12. A: The morning is frosty. Do you like it when it’s frosty?

13. A: Is it still snowing?

14. A What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow?

15. A: I hope the fog won’t get thicker.

16. A: I hope it’ll get warmer next week.

17. A- What’s the weather like today?

18. A: Is there enough room in your boat for all of us?

18. A: Why didn’t you go boating yesterday?

20. A: Mary hasn’t come yet, has she?

21. A: I know you’re interested in art.

A: Let’s meet at the entrance to the exhibition.

Exercise 13. Think of the questions or statements to which the following sentences are the answers.

B: Yes. Much warmer than yesterday.

B: It’s sunny and warm.

B: Neither does George.

B: I hope the wind won’t last long.

B: They say we’re in for rain.

B: Yes, the wind is much stronger now than it was in the morning.

B: It’s a pity. I shan’t be able to go boating.

B: No, it’s stopped at last. It’s going to be sunny and warm.

B: Rainy and windy in the morning, cold and foggy in the evening.

B: Oh yes. Quite different from the forecast. It’s warm and sunny.

B: Yes, I hate it when it’s cold and foggy.

B: They say it’ll rain all day tomorrow.

B: Yes, there’s enough room in the boat for all of us.

B: It was too cold and windy to go boating.

B: It’s unusual for him to be late. I hope he’ll be here in a few minutes.

B: See you at the entrance to the exhibition tomorrow morning.

Exercise 14. Reproduce dialogues in pairs.

Exercise 15. Translate into English.

1. — Чудесное, ясное утро, не так ли?

— Да. Значительно лучше, чем было вчера.

— Вчера весь день шел сильный дождь. Надеюсь, что сегодня не будет дождя.

2. — Чудесный день, не так ли?

— Да, день замечательный. Значительно теплее, чем вчера.

— Вы слышали прогноз на сегодня?

— Да. Обещают, что к вечеру небо затянется тучами и пойдет сильный дождь.

— Будем надеяться, он не будет продолжительным.

3. — Довольно холодно для этого времени года.

— Да. Май обычно значительно теплее у нас (здесь).

— Знаете ли вы прогноз погоды на завтра?

— Надеюсь, плохая погода скоро кончится.

4. — Какой ужасный (awful) день. Совсем не такой, как обещали (по прогнозу).

— Идет дождь, холодно и туманно.

— Если дождь не пройдет до 6 часов, мы не сможем поехать на стадион.

5. — Какая сегодня погода?

— Чудесный день. Солнце светит ярко, тепло. Я думаю, что станет гораздо теплее.

— Какая сейчас температура?

— Поедемте после ленча за город.

6. — Все еще ветрено?

— Да, и ветер усиливается. Сейчас он гораздо сильнее, чем был утром.

7. — Знаете ли вы прогноз погоды на субботу?

— Говорят, что ожидается метель (snowstorm).

8. — Все еще идет дождь?

— Нет. Наконец перестал. Я думаю, что будет хороший день.

9. — Я не люблю, когда холодна и туманно.

10. — Становится теплее и теплее.

— Да, очень приятный день. Пойдемте искупаемся и покатаемся на лодке.

11. — Как вы промокли! Идет дождь?

— Да, идет очень сильный дождь.

— Снимайте пальто и садитесь поближе к камину.

— Боюсь, что слишком сыро, чтобы идти на прогулку.

— Я думаю, мы не пойдем на прогулку. Давайте выпьем по чашечке кофе.

— Вы пьете кофе с молоком или без?

— С молоком, но молока очень немного.

— Вот, пожалуйста, ваш кофе. Берите, пожалуйста, яблочный пирог.

12. — Катались ли вы на лодке вчера?

— Было слишком ветрено, чтобы кататься на лодке.

13. — Достаточно ли места в этом зале для нас всех?

14. — Интересно, почему Майкл все еще не пришел?

— Обычно он не опаздывает.

15. — Вы уже были на выставке автомобилей?

— Да, я был там вчера. Очень интересная выставка.

16. — Петр интересуется американской школой.

17. — Давайте встретимся у входа в театр.

— Хорошо. До скорой встречи.

Exercise 16. Make up dialogues based on these situations.

1. Speak to your colleague (friend) about the weather. 2. Ask your colleague (friend) about the weather forecast for the weekend and discuss your plans for the weekend. 3. Speak about the climate in Russia (Great Britain, Australia, Canada, etc.).

Exercise 17. Make up dialogues based on this picture.

LESSON TWENTY-ONE

NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES

The Present Perfect Tense

Present Perfect употребляется:

1) с предлогами since с (с какого-то прошлого момента до настоящего времени) и for в течение, в продолжение.

We have had rainy weather since Thursday. Дождливая погода стоит с четверга.

You have lived in Moscow for five years now, haven’t you? Вы живете в Москве уже пять лет, не так ли?

Не has been very busy for the last two days. В течение двух последних дней он был очень занят.

Since when have you known them? С какого времени вы знаете их.

2) с наречием since с тех пор.

They left for Tomsk two years ago and I have not seen them since. Они уехали в Томск два года тому назад и с тех пор я их не видел.

3) в главном предложении, придаточное которого вводится союзом since с тех пор, как. В придаточном предложении сказуемое стоит в форме Simple Past.

They have been good friends since they met in St. Petersburg in 1978. Они большие друзья еще с 1978 г., с тех пор, как встретились (познакомились) в Санкт-Петербурге.

Exercise I. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to the Present Perfect Tense.

1. I have been a student for a year and a half now. 2. Mr Nelson has been my doctor for a long time. 3. Mr Jenkins has been in Moscow for two weeks now. 4. We have had rainy weather since Wednesday. 5. It has been very hot since June, hasn’t it? 6. I have not gone boating since last Wednesday. 7. You have lived in London far two years now, haven’t you? 8. «Since when have you had that car, Bill?» «Since 1978.» 9. We met in 1979 and have been good friends since.

Exercise 2. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: How long have you known the Greens, John?

J: About five years. I’ve known them since they came to live here in 1981.

(A: the Browns, the Johnsons)

2. A: Have you seen John lately?

B: No, I haven’t seen him since he left for his holiday.

(A: Peter, Bill, Ben)

Exercise 3. Transform these sentences according to the models.

a) Do you know the Smiths? (for five years) Yes, I’ve known them for five years.

1. Does Mr Brooks work in this office? (for two years) 2. Do they live in St. Petersburg (since 1975) 3. Is it cold here? (for three weeks) 4. Is that film on at our local? (since last Sunday) 5. Is your son at Moscow University? (for a year now)

b) Did it snow last week? (for two weeks) No. It hasn’t snowed for two weeks.

1. Did it rain last Tuesday? (for a week now) 2. Did you see John yesterday? (since last Thursday) 3. Was the sky cloudy yesterday? (for a couple of days) 4. Did they score a goal? (since the match began)

Exercise 4. Complete these sentences.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Это у вас новая машина? — Нет, она у меня уже два года. 2. Они были очень заняты в течение этих двух недель. 3. Я не видел несколько лет старшую сестру и буду очень рад, когда она приедет навестить меня этим летом. 4. Сегодня так же холодно, как и вчера, не правда ли?.— Да, холодная погода держится уже неделю (уже неделю холодно). Надеюсь, что на следующей неделе будет теплее. 5.-Сегодня жарче, чем вчера, не так ли? — Да. Весь месяц стоит жара (уже месяц жарко). 6. Я знаком с Петровыми десять лет. 7. Они забили три гола с тех пор, как началась игра. 8. Наша команда выиграла четыре встречи (игры) с конца декабря.

Exercise 6. Make up ten sentences using Present Perfect.

Организация стока поверхностных вод: Наибольшее количество влаги на земном шаре испаряется с поверхности морей и океанов (88‰).

Поперечные профили набережных и береговой полосы: На городских территориях берегоукрепление проектируют с учетом технических и экономических требований, но особое значение придают эстетическим.

Механическое удерживание земляных масс: Механическое удерживание земляных масс на склоне обеспечивают контрфорсными сооружениями различных конструкций.

Equivalents of Modal Verbs «can» and «must» in the Simple Future and the Simple Past Tense 4 часть

(2) Here they come! Вот они идут! Here he comes! Вот он идет!

(3) they wait for the match to begin они ждут начала матча

(4) will give Blackpool a lead даст команде Блэкпула преимущество

(5) if they don’t lose the spirit [ʹspɪrɪt] если команда Блэкпула не падет духом

Exercise 7. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 8. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. Он очень любит футбол. 2. Он болельщик футбола. 3. если день будет хороший. 4. приезжает в Блэкпул в командировку. 5. отвезет его в гостиницу. 6. Будет трудно поставить машину на стоянку. 7. Интересно, играет ли Гаррис. 8. недели две тому назад. 9. Судья дает свисток. 10. если он забьет гол, 11. Матч может быть очень интересным. 12. Хозяева поля обязательно одержат победу в этом матче.

Exercise 9. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text.

last match, crowded, that’s why, guest, early, stand,

couple, field, to shout for, to score, to open the score

Exercise 10. Answer these questions.

l. What is Mr Green fond of? 2. What team does he support? 3. Are the Blackpool team as good as the Manchester City team? 4. Will the football ground be crowded when the Manchester City team come to Blackpool for a match? 5. Will it be easy or difficult to get tickets? 6. Has Mr Green booked tickets in advance? 7. Who is coming to Blackpool next Friday? 8. Where is Mr Green going to take Sedov on Saturday? 9. Why did Mr Green and Sedov come early to the football ground? 10. Was it easy or difficult to park the car? 11. Did it take them long to find their seats? 12. Who does Harris play for? 13. What happened to him a couple of weeks ago? 14. Is the match going to be exciting? 15. Who is sure to win the game?

Exercise 11. Transform these sentences according to the model.

a) Is Mr Green fond of football?

I wonder if Mr Green is fond of football.

1. Are the Manchester City team very good? 2. Did Spartak beat Dynamo [ʹdaɪnəmou] in the last match? 3. Was the Sokolniki Football Ground crowded last Saturday? 4. Did Mr Brown go there on business? 5. Have you told them about Spartak’s new centre forward? 6. Shall we be able to find a place to park the car?

b) Where is he going to take Sedov next Saturday?

I wonder where he is going to take Sedov next Saturday.

1. Where are you going to park the car? 2. When will the match begin? 3. How many goals have the Spartak players scored already? 4. How long did it take them to get to the Football Ground? 5. What are the football fans shouting?

c) Who is waiting for the match to begin?

I wonder who is waiting for the match to begin.

1. Who is going to have a Russian guest? 2. Whose team will win the match? 3. Which of the teams won the match yesterday? 4. Which of the Manchester City players got a leg injury? 5. Who opened the score?

d) He is going to help them.

He is sure to help them.

1. The Blackpool team is going to win the match. 2. Mr Green is going to book tickets for the match. 3. Mr Green is going to bring Sedov to the hotel. 4. Mr Green is going to take Sedov to the Blackpool Football Ground. 5. They are going to find a place to park the car. 6. A lot of people are going to shout for Manchester City.

Exercise 12. Join these sentences using the conjunctions given in brackets.

1. The football players will come onto the field. The time will come. (when) 2. The day will be fine. The football ground will be crowded. (if) 3. The referee will blow his whistle. The match will begin. (as soon as) 4. The home team will give a warm welcome to the visitors’ team. The match will begin. (before) 5. Dick will play chess with Jack. He will beat Jack. (if)

1. The Blackpool team are good. The Bishopton [ʹbɪʃəpt(ən)] team are good, too. 2. The Sokolniki Football Ground is good. The Dynamo Football Ground is good, too. 3. Dick Harris has scored many goals this summer. Roy Smith has scored many goals this summer, too. 4. It is difficult to find a place to park the car today. It was difficult to find a place to park the car yesterday. 5. The Manchester City team is popular. The Blackpool team is not so popular. 6. My elder brother plays football well. Mary’s younger brother does not play football so well. 7. Today’s match* is exciting. Yesterday’s match was not so exciting.

Exercise 14. Insert articles where necessary.

Exercise 15. Insert prepositions or adverbs.

Exercise 16. Fill in the blanks with the verbs to tell, to say, to speak, to talk.

Exercise 17. Give a summary of the text «А Football match».

Exercise 18. Ask twelve questions based on the text and answer them.

1. team, good; 2. fond of, football (tennis, etc.); 3. the new referee, not so good; 4. the football ground, crowded; 5. match, exciting; 6. football (tennis, etc.) player, popular; 7. centre forward, good; 8. to watch football matches on TV, often

Exercise 20. Ask questions to which the italicized words are the answers.

1. Our team has won the match. (1) 2. The centre forward is our top scorer. (1) 3. He parked his car near the Football Ground. (1) 4. The cafe was crowded that’s why he went to a restaurant. (1)

Exercise 21. Think of statements or questions to which these sentences may be responses.

1. The home team is sure to win. 2. Well, a lot of people are shouting for Spartak. 3. If they don’t lose the spirit they may win the match. 4. I’ll be seeing them tonight.

Exercise 22. Translate into English.

1. Вы любите футбол? — Да, я болельщик. Я болею за «Динамо». 2. Наша команда победила команду Тбилиси со счетом 3 : 2. 3. Кто выиграл последнюю игру? — Команда Манчестера. 4. Сегодня интересный матч, поэтому стадион переполнен. — Да, вчера матч был не такой интересный, как сегодня и было мало народу на стадионе. 5. Я не собираюсь идти на стадион сегодня, я очень устал. Я посмотрю матч по телевизору. 6. Понравился вам матч? —Да, я получил большое удовольствие. Игроки «Арарата» были так же сильны, как и игроки «Динамо». 7. Я думаю, завтра будет трудно купить билеты на матч. — Давайте купим билеты сегодня. 8. Интересно, почему команда так плохо играет сегодня. — Я слышал, что несколько хороших игроков ушли из команды. 9. На стадион приехало очень много народу, поэтому было трудно найти место, чтобы поставить машину. 10. Центральный нападающий получил травму. Где же врач? — Вон он идет! 11. Наша команда несомненно выиграет этот матч, и на следующей неделе она будет играть в Алма-Ате. 12. Как только футболисты выйдут на поле, судья даст свисток, и игра начнется. 13. Когда наша команда прилетит домой из Ташкента, мы поедем в аэропорт встречать ее. 14. Извините, я не слышал вас, повторите, пожалуйста, свой вопрос. 15. Если вы не поймете вопроса, попросите преподавателя повторить его.

Exercise 23. Make up situations using the words given below.

a) My Friend Watches a Football Match on Television: a match, the football ground, to find seats, later on, to shout for, not as good as, to get a leg injury, to stop the game, a doctor, to leave the field, that’s why, did not enjoy.

b) An Exciting Match: let me tell you, exciting, a couple of minutes after, to open the score, fans, popular, a top scorer, a centre forward, to shoot at the goal, to beat, the score was in favour of.

Exercise 24. Read the story filling in the missing active words and discuss it.

«Nil-nil*,» he answered.

«Oh, then we are not really late.»

«Look,» she said. «May I have a cigarette, please?»

«Now, where did I put them? Excuse me a moment.» He started searching for** cigarettes in his pockets. At last he found the cigarettes. It took the young man some time to light the cigarette. The girl started smoking. Now the young man was able to watch the match.

«Jake,» the girl said «I can smell something burning***.» It was the neighbour’s coat burning from the girl’s cigarette.

A few minutes later she said she was hungry****. «Well, can’t you wait till the break?» the young man asked.

«I think I can, but I’m awfully hungry,» said the girl.

A moment later she said: «Jake, look at that little boy. He bothers his father every minute. Why do fathers bring children here? The boy’s father can’t watch the match.»

«No, he can’t,» said the young man and sighed.

score, to score, players, to shout, football ground, match (2), come on

LESSON EIGHTEEN

Conversations: A. A Football Match.

B. Wales v.* England.

C. Can’t Accept Your Invitation.

Learn this speech pattern

1. I didn’t hear the telephone ring. Я не слышал, как звонил телефон.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Обратите внимание на то, что после дополнения к глаголу hear употребляется инфинитив без частицы to. Дополнение с инфинитивом переводится на русский язык дополнительным придаточным предложением.

Exercise 1. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

I heard

him speak on the radio. the crowd shout, «come on». her ask Mary to help them. the referee blow his whistle. them talk about the coming holiday.

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

1. Я слышал, как Джон разговаривал с Анной. 2. Он слышал, как Майк сказал «До свидания». 3. Я слышал, как мой любимый актер выступал по радио. 4. Мы слышали, как судья дал свисток.

Exercise 3. Make up four sentences using pattern 1.

Learn these words and word combinations

Cup Final [ʹfaɪnl]) финальный матч на кубок; semi-final полуфинал (полуфинальный матч); to win (to lose) the Cup Final выиграть (проиграть) финальный матч на кубок; I hope that Spartak will win the Cup Final.

game n игра, партия; football game футбольный матч; a game of chess партия в шахматы; a game of tennis гейм (в теннисе); games спортивные игры; the Olympic [oʹlɪmpɪk] Games Олимпийские игры

programme [ʹprouɡræm] n программа (радио-, теле-, театральная и т. п.); souvenir [͵su:vəʹnɪə] programme программа-сувенир

photo [ʹfoutou] n фотография (pl. photos) (сокр. от photograph [ʹfoutəɡrɑ:f] )

look v смотреть, глядеть; to look at smth. смотреть на что-л.; Look at this photo, please.

footballer [ʹfutbɔ:lə] футболист

on form в хорошей форме (в хорошем состоянии); All the footballers are on form now, aren’t they? Ant. off form в плохой форме (в плохом состоянии); I’m afraid their goalkeeper is off form today.

impression [ɪmʹpreʃn] n впечатление; I have the impression their team is off form today; to make an impression on smb. производить впечатление на кого-л.; The match made a great impression on everyone.

top n верх, верхняя часть; The ball went over the top. Мяч пролетел над воротами.

rugby [ʹrʌɡbɪ] n спорт. регби; Can you play rugby?

International [͵ɪntəʹnæʃnl] а международный; Will it be an international match?

still adv все еще; I still play tennis.

keen а страстный, увлеченный; He’s still a keen footballer. Он все еще страстно увлечен футболом. (Он страстный футболист.) to be keen on smth.; увлекаться чем-л.; He’s keen on chess.

cricketer [ʹkrɪkɪtə] n игрок в крикет; Is he still a keen cricketer?

invitation n приглашение; to accept [əkʹsept] an invitation принять приглашение; Did they accept the Brown’s invitation?

event [ɪʹvent] n спорт. соревнование; swimming events соревнование по плаванию; What events are you going to attend?

join [ʤɔɪn] v присоединяться; May I join you? Можно к вам присоединиться?

engagement [ɪnʹɡeɪʤmənt] n договоренность (о встрече), свидание; I have another engagement. Я буду занят (у меня другое свидание; я уже приглашен). I have no engagements till Saturday. До субботы я совсем свободен.

A. A FOOTBALL MATCH

Jane and Peter came to the football ground to watch the «Cup Final».

a) Before the game started

Programme Seller: Souvenir programmes! Read all about your favourite team! Photos of all the players.

Jane: I’d like to get one.

Programme Seller: Programme, Miss!

Peter: Look and see if Adams is playing.

Jane: Who does he play for?

Peter: Oh really, Jane, he’s Peruvale’s* top scorer. He got a leg injury two weeks ago.

Jane: Yes, he’s playing today. Look at this. There are photographs of all the players here.

Peter: That’s Harry Creed. He plays for Liverpool. One of the best footballers (1) I’ve ever seen — when he’s on form. If he is the Liverpool team are sure to win.

Jane: Oh, good, they’re coming out onto the field now.

Crowd: Liverpool! Liverpool!

Jane: I have the impression that half Liverpool’s here.

Peter: Well, they’re a very popular team. What a kick!

Jane: Adams’ll never get to it. Come on, Adams, come on!

Peter: Adams is there. He’s going to score.

Jane: It’s over the top.

Peter: It’s a goal-kick. Creed has got the ball.

Crowd: Shoot! Shoot!

Jane: It’s a goal. What a shot!

News Announcer: Here is the ten o’clock news. Liverpool won the Cup Final. The final score was Liverpool 4, Peruvale 0.

В. WALES V. ENGLAND

(After a rugby match)

David: It’s the best match I’ve ever watched.

John : It certainly is.

David: Rugby can be wonderful when it’s an international match.

John: Oh yes. By the way, are you still a very keen cricketer?

David: Yes. It’s e very good game. I’m always sorry when the summer ends.

John: What were you doing at 8 o’clock last night? I called you up but there was no answer.

David: I was watching a rugby match on TV. I’m afraid I didn’t hear the telephone ring.

John: How did the match end?

C. I CAN’T ACCEPT YOUR INVITATION

John: Hello, Michael.

Michael: Hello. How are you?

John: I’m fine, thank you. And what about you?

Michael: I’m O.K. John, I’d like to invite you and Helen to attend the swimming events next Thursday.

John: Thanks a lot. We’d be happy to join you but we have another engagement. I’m really sorry.

Michael: I’m sorry, too. My best regards to Helen.

John: And give my regards to Susan. Goodbye.

(1) one of the best footballers один из самых лучших футболистов; the best match самый лучший матч

Exercise 4. Read and translate the dialogues.

Exercise 5. Find in the dialogues English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

Exercise 6. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the dialogues.

programme, photos, to play for, impression, to score,

goal, shot, rugby, international, engagement

Exercise 7. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Who does Adams play for?

B: For Peruvale. He’s their top scorer.

(A: Newman [ʹnju:mən], Thomson [ʹtɔmsən])

2. A: Are you going to watch the «Cup Final» on TV tonight?

B: No. I’m going to the Football Ground. I managed to book a ticket.

(A: the semi-final, Oxford v. Coventry, Watford [ʹwɔtfəd] v. Brighton [ʹbraɪth])

3. A: I wonder if Michael Davies [ʹdeɪvɪs] is on form today?

B: I’m afraid he is off form. I don’t think their team’ll win the game.

(A: Peter Newman, Harry Thomson)

4. A: Newman is there. He’s going to score.

B: It’s over the top.

(A: Thomson, Adams; B: It’s a goal. What a kick! Shoot! Shoot!)

5. A: Are you still keen on hockey?

S: Oh yes. It’s my favourite sport.

(A: football, tennis, cricket, chess)

6. A: What were you doing at seven o’clock last night? I phoned you but you didn’t answer.

B: I’m afraid I didn’t hear the phone ring. I was watching Dynamo [ʹdaɪnəmou] v. Spartak.

(B: Dynamo v. Yenisei [͵jenɪʹseɪ]; Youth! [ju:θ] (Юность) v. Yenisei)

7. A: How did the game end?

B: It ended in a draw.

8. A: Would you like to see the swimming events?

B: I’m sorry, I have another engagement.

(A: the match, the semi-final)

Exercise 8. Reproduce the dialogues in pairs.

Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with missing remarks. Reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Would you like a souvenir programme, sir?

2. A: Who is Dynamo’s top scorer?

3. A: When did Adams score the first goal?

4. A: Are you going to watch Dynamo v. Spartak on TV tonight?

5. A: Is their goalkeeper on form?

6. A: What a pity! The ball went over the top. Will there be a goal-kick?

7. A: Was the game exciting?

A: Who scored the goals?

8. A: Who was playing last night?

A: How did you like the game?

9. A: How did the game end?

10. A: Are you still keen on chess?

11. A: Is your brother still a keen footballer?

12. A: Were you watching TV at seven o’clock last night?

13. A: Did you hear the phone ring?

14. A: Did the last hockey game make a great impression on you?

15. A: Would you like to attend the hockey match next Tuesday?

16. A: Can you join us?

17. A: Did they accept her invitation?

Exercise 10. Think of the questions and statements to which the following sentences are the answers.

B: Adams is. He’s the best footballer I’ve ever seen.

B: He scored it a few minutes before the end of the game.

В: Oh yes. All their players are on form today.

B: I’m afraid Dynamo’s goalkeeper is off form today.

B: Dynamo is sure to win the game.

B: Thomson scored two goals and Adams scored one.

B: It was exciting.

B: Oh yes. I’m still very keen on cricket. I’m always sorry when the summer ends.

B: I was reading an article about hockey. I’ve always been keen on hockey.

B: Yes, it made a great impression on me. The game was really exciting.

В: I’ll be happy to join you but I have another engagement.

Exercise 11. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the Present and Past Continuous Tenses.

1. «What John (to do) now?» «He (to watch) television. There’s a hockey match on.» 2. «What you (to do) at eight o’clock last night?» «I (to read) a very interesting article about Olympic Games.» 3. John and Bill (to play) a game of chess when I returned home yesterday. 4. «What they (to talk) about?» «They (to discuss) the football semi-finals.» 5. «What your brother (to do) from seven to nine last night?» «He (to play) basketball. He’s a very good basketball player.» 6. «Who (to swim) now?» «Two swimmers from France and Great Britain.

Exercise 12. Act as interpreter.

Peter Volkov: Г-н Смит, не хотели бы вы поехать в Лужники сегодня вечером и посмотреть хоккейный матч между «Динамо» и «Спартаком»?

Mr Smith: With pleasure. I haven’t been to Luzhniki yet. And I haven’t seen any of your hockey teams.

V: Это очень сильные команды и я надеюсь, что вы получите удовольствие от игры.

S: Thank you very much. Are you a hockey fan? Which of the teams do you support?

V: Я болею за «Спартак». Когда я учился в университете, я играл в университетской хоккейной команде.

S: And I played for the college football team. My son is a very good football player too. All our family supports his team. By the way, when does the game begin?

V: В 7 часов. Вот билет.

S: Thank you. See you later.

Exercise 13. Translate into English.

1. — Играет ли сегодня Томсон?

— Да. Он ведь самый лучший бомбардир в ливерпульской команде, не так ли?

— Да. В матче с «Брайтоном» (Brighton) он забил три гола.

— А как закончился матч «Ливерпуль» —«Брайтон»?

— «Ливерпуль» выиграл со счетом 6 : 2.

2. — Команды выходят на поле.

— «Спартак»! Давай! Давай!

— У меня впечатление, что все спартаковские болельщики сегодня на стадионе.

— «Спартак» очень популярная команда.

— Мяч пролетел над воротами.

— Петров захватил мяч. Он собирается бить.

3. — Как закончился финальный матч на кубок?

— «Динамо» выиграло со счетом 4 : 2. Поздравляю вас! Вы ведь динамовский болельщик.

4. — Вы все еще увлекаетесь теннисом?

— Да. И мне бывает очень грустно, когда кончается лето. Зимой я увлекаюсь лыжами (skiing [ʹskɪɪŋ]).

5. — Не хотели бы вы сыграть партию в шахматы?

6. — Что вы делали вчера в семь часов вечера? Я звонил вам, но никто не ответил.

— Боюсь, что я не слышал, как звонил телефон. Я смотрел футбольный матч «Спартак» — «Трактор».

— Как вам понравилась игра?

— Это был один из самых лучших матчей, который я когда-либо видел.

— Как закончился матч?

7. — Не хотели бы вы посмотреть соревнования по плаванию в следующую пятницу?

— Я был бы счастлив присоединиться к вам, но я занят (я уже приглашен).

Exercise 14. Make up dialogues based on these situations.

1. Exchange impressions about a football (hockey, etc.) game. 2. You are inviting a foreign colleague to see the swimming events but he can’t accept your invitation as he has another engagement. 3. Invite a foreign colleague to a hockey (football, etc.) game. Tell him about the teams.

The Article with Uncountable Nouns (Употребление артикля с неисчисляемыми существительными)

Артикль не употребляется перед абстрактными и вещественными существительными, когда они выражают понятие в самом общем смысле.

* afterwards [‘erftswadz] adv потом, впоследствии

Не likes tea. Он любит пить чай.

Определенный артикль употребляется перед вещественными и абстрактными существительными в тех случаях, когда их значение индивидуализируется ограничивающим определением, а также при помощи ситуации или контекста.

Past Continuous образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в форме Simple Past и Present Participle (причастия настоящего времени) смыслового глагола.

Вопросительная и отрицательная форма, а также краткие ответы на вопросы строятся аналогично соответствующим формам Present Continuous (см. урок 5).

Past Continuous употребляется для выражения конкретного действия в процессе его совершения в определенный момент в прошлом. Момент в прошлом может быть обозначен:

а) точным указанием времени.

I was translating an atricle at seven o’clock last night. Вчера в 7 часов вечера я переводил статью.

б) другим действием, выраженным глаголом в Simple Past.

Peter and John were playing chess when I came back from college. Питер и Джон играли в шахматы, когда я вернулся нз колледжа.

Past Continuous может также употребляться для выражения двух или более параллельных действий, происходивших одновременно.

I was doing my homework while he was writing a letter. Я делал домашнее задание в то время, как он писал письмо.

Past Continuous иногда употребляется для выражения действия, происходившего в течение сравнительно длительного периода времени в прошлом, причем подчеркивается именно длительность действия. Период времени в прошлом обозначается такими обстоятельствами времени, как all day (night) long весь день (всю ночь), all the time все время, the whole [houl] evening (morning, afternoon) весь вечер (все утро, весь день), from five to six с пяти до шести часов и т. д.

John said: «They were discussing * the problem the whole morning yesterday.» Джон сказал: «Вчера они обсуждали эту проблему все утро», (подчеркивается длительность действия)

She was typing letters from nine to twelve yesterday morning. Вчера она печатала письма с 9 до 12 часов утра.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ: В тех случаях, когда констатируется лишь факт совершения действия, употребляется Simple Past.

John said: «They discussing* the problem the whole morning yesterday.» Джон сказал: «Вчера они обсуждали эту проблему все утро», (длительность действия несущественна)

* discuss [dis’kAs] v обсуждать, дискутировать

Past Continuous как правило, переводится на русский язык глаголом прошедшего времени несовершенного вида.

The brothers were playing chess while their sister was watching TV. Братья играли в шахматы в то время, как их сестра смотрела телевизор.

Exercise 17. Make up Sentences using the table and translate them.

Exercise 18. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: What were you doing at 12.30 yesterday afternroon?

B: I was having lunch. And you?

А: I was having a lecture.

(B: having a French class, taking Peter to the Travel Agency; А: looking through the papers, showing Mary

2. A: Was John leaving when you came home?

B: No, he wasn’t. He was just going to.

(A: reading a book, speaking on the phone, watching television, doing his homework, making a phone call)

3. A: Did you watch television last night?

B: Yes, I was watching TV the whole evening.

Exercise 19. Transform these sentences according to the models.

a) Are they having an English class now? (at 11 o’clock yesterday)

No, they aren’t. They were having an English class at 11 o’clock yesterday.

1. Is Mr Brown looking through the papers now? (at 10 o’clock yesterday) 2. Is Ann typing a letter? (at 4 o’clock yesterday) 3. Is she looking for her textbook? (at 6 o’clock last night) 4. Are they playing chess now? (at 11 o’clock yesterday morning) 5. Is John reading the new text) (at 2 o’clock yesterday afternoon)

b) Is he doing his homework now? (when I came home) No, he isn’t. He was doing his homework when I came home.

1. Is Jane writing a letter? (when her son came from college) 2. Is Peter learning the new words? (when his sister called him up) 3. Is Mary reading a book? (while her husband was translating an article) 4. Is Helen watching television? (while her father was looking through the newspapers)

Exercise 20. Translate into English.

1. Вчера дети весь день играли в футбол. 2. Что вы делали, когда пришли ваши друзья? — Я читала пьесу Чехова. 3. Когда Петр возвращался домой вчера, он встретил Джейн. 4. Мы ужинали, когда мой старший брат вернулся из университета. 5. Вчера весь вечер они обсуждали планы на летний отпуск. 6. Петр просматривал газеты в то время, как Анна смотрела телепередачу. 7. Вы переводили статью весь вечер, не так ли? — Да, статья довольно трудная, и мне пришлось многие слова смотреть по словарю. 8. Где вы встретили Анну? — Я встретил ее около библиотеки, когда возвращался домой вчера.

WORD-BUILDING

Affixation: noun-forming suffix «-ion»

1) действие или процесс: preparation bpreps’reijn] подготовка, приготовление, сооргайоп (kou-aps’reijn) сотрудничество, discussion [dis’kAfn] обсуждение, дискуссия;

2) состояние или качество: attenft’on [a’tenjn] внимание;

3) конкретный результат действия: translation [traens’leijn ].

Exercise. Find the suffix in these words and translate them.

invitation, delegation, declaration, cooperation, dictation, station, presentation, transformation

TEXT

Learn these speech patterns

1. I wonder if Harris is playing today. Интересно, играет ли Гаррис сегодня.

Exercise 1. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

2. Please tell me how he did it. Пожалуйста, скажите мне, как он это сделал.

Exercise 2. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

3. They are sure to win the match. Они несомненно (наверняка, обязательно) выиграют матч.

Exercise 4. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

Exercise 5. Translate into English.

1. Он несомненно ответит на ваше письмо. 2. Она обязательно придет на конференцию. 3. Им наверняка понравится этот фильм. 4. Вам несомненно доставит большое удовольствие его последний роман.

Learn these words and word combinations

Exercise 6. Read and translate these sentences. Pay attention to active words and word combinations.

* unfortunately [An’fD:1Jnitli] adv к сожалению

A FOOTBALL MATCH

Mr Green is very fond of football. He is a football fan. He thinks that the Blackpool team 1 are very good. But he knows that they are not as good as the Manchester City team. Manchester City beat Blackpool three to one in the last match.

When the Manchester City players come to Blackpool next Saturday the Football Ground will be crowded.

If the day is fine it will be very difficult to get tickets. That’s why Mr Green has booked tickets in advance.

Next Friday Mr Green is going to have a Russian guest: Sedov is coming to Blackpool on business. Mr Green will meet him at the station and bring him to the hotel in his car. On Saturday they will go to the Blackpool Football Ground.

‘Here they соте, 2 Mr ‘Green and Sedov. They are a ‘little «Nearly, but it is «Лalways good to ‘come «Nearly for a ‘football match. Later on here will be crowds and it ‘may be difficult to ‘find a «‘place to ‘park the «саг.

They ‘take their ‘seats in the stand and ‘wait for the ‘match to begin. 3

«Oh, «Miere they come,» says Sedov. The ‘players ‘come ‘onto the «Afield. The ‘referee ‘blows his whistle and the ‘match begins.

«‘Black роо ‘Black pooll» shout Blackpool fans. Manchester shout Manchester City fans.

«A ‘lot of people are shouting for ‘Manchester City, I understand,» says Sedov. Well, they’re a very popular team,» says Mr Green. ‘»Come on, Jackson, ‘come on,» he shouts. Jackson, the ‘Blackpool ‘centre forward is ‘going to score; ‘If he scores it will ‘give

‘Blackpool a «Mead. 4 Shoot, shoot!» the crowd shouts.

«Well, there’s the ‘first goal. ‘Jackson has opened the score,» says Mr Green. «If ‘Blackpool don’t ‘lose the spirit 5 the ‘match may be very exciting.»

He ‘hopes that his Miome team will ‘win the match.

1. the Blackpool [‘blaekpu:!] team, the Manchseter [‘maentjista] City team. Команды названы по имени городов —Блэкпула и Манчестера.

Собственные имена существительные, выступающие в качестве названия футбольной (хоккейной) команды, обычно согласуются с глаголом в форме множественного числа и заменяются личным местоимением they. Существительное team (чаще в сочетании с собственным именем) также может согласовываться с глаголом в форме множественного числа, если говорящий хочет подчеркнуть, что речь идет об игроках команды.

2. Here they come! Вот они идут! Here he comes! Вот он идет!

3. they wait for the match to begin они ждут начала матча

4. will give Blackpool a lead даст команде Блэкпула преимущество

5. if they don’t lose the spirit [‘spirit] если команда Блэкпула не падет духом

Exercise 7. Read and translate the text.

Exercise 8. Find in the text English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

1. Он очень любит футбол. 2. Он болельщик футбола. 3. если день будет хороший. 4. приезжает в Блэкпул в командировку. 5. отвезет его в гостиницу. 6. Будет трудно поставить машину на стоянку. 7. Интересно, играет ли Гаррис. 8. недели две тому назад. 9. Судья дает свисток. 10. если он забьет гол. 11. Матч может быть очень интересным. 12. Хозяева поля обязательно одержат победу в этом матче.

Exercise 9. Quote the sentences in which the following words and word combinations are used in the text.

last match, crowded, that’s why, guest, early, stand, couple, field, to shout for, to score, to open the score

Exercise 10. Answer these questions.

1. What is Mr Green fond of? 2. What team does he support? 3. Are the Blackpool team as good as the Manchester City team? 4. Will the football ground be crowded when the Manchester City team come to Blackpool for a match? 5. Will it be easy or difficult to get tickets? 6. Has Mr Green booked tickets in advance? 7. Who is coming to Blackpool next Friday? 8. Where is Mr Green going to take Sedov on Saturday? 9. Why did Mr Green and Sedov come early to the football ground? 10. Was it easy or difficult to park the car? 11. Did it take them long to find their seats? 12. Who does Harris play for? 13. What happened to him a couple of weeks ago? 14. Is the match gom-, ‘n be exciting? 15. Who is sure to win the game?

Exercise 11. Transform these sentences according to the model.

a) Is Mr Green fond of football?

I wonder if Mr Green is fond of football.

1. Are the Manchester City team very good? 2. Did Spartak beat Dynamo [‘dainsmou] in the last match? 3. Was the Sokolniki Football Ground crowded last Saturday? 4, Did Mr Brown go there on business? 5. Have you told them about Spartak’s new centre forward? 6. Shall we be able to find a place to park the car?

b) Where is he going to take Sedov next Saturday?

I wonder where he is going to take Sedov next Saturday.

1. Where are you going to park the car? 2, When will the match begin? 3. How many goals have the Spartak players scored already? 4. How long did it take them to get to the Football Ground? 5. What are the football fans shouting?

c) Who is waiting for the match to begin?

I wonder who is waiting for the match to begin.

1. Who is going to have a Russian guest? 2, Whose team will win the match? 3. Which of the teams won the match yesterday? 4. Which of the Manchester City players got a leg injury? 5. Who opened the score?

d) He is going to help them. He is sure to help them.

1. The Blackpool team is going to win the match. 2. Mr Green is going to book tickets for the match. 3. Mr Green is going to bring Sedov to the hotel. 4. Mr Green is going to take Sedov to the Blackpool Football Ground. 5. They are going to find a place to park the car. 6. A lot of people are going to shout for Manchester City.

Exercise 12. Join these sentences using the conjunctions given in brackets.

1. The football players will come onto the field. The time will come, (when) 2. The day will be fine. The football ground will be crowded, (if) 3. The referee will blow his whistle. The match will begin, (as soon as) 4. The home team will give a warm welcome to the visitors’ team. The match will begin, (before) 5. Dick will play chess with Jack. He will beat Jack, (if)

1. The Blackpool team are good. The Bishopton [‘ЬфрШп) ] team are good, too. 2. The Sokolniki Football Ground is good. The Dynamo Football Ground is good, too. 3. Dick Harris has scored many goals this summer. Roy Smith has scored many goals this summer, too. 4. It is difficult to find a place to park the car today. It was difficult to find a place to park the car yesterday. 5. The Manchester City team is popular. The Blackpool team is not so popular. 6. My elder brother plays football well. Mary’s younger brother does not play football so well. 7. Today’s match* is exciting. Yesterday’s match was not so exciting.

* today’s (yesterday’s) match сегодняшний (вчерашний) матч

Exercise 14. Insert articles where necessary.

Exercise 15. Insert prepositions or adverbs.

Exercise 16. Fill in the blanks with the verbs to tell, to say, to speak, to talk.

Exefcise 17. Give a summary of the text «A Football match».

Exercise 18. Ask twelve questions based on the text and answer them.

1. team, good; 2. fond of, football (tennis, etc.); 3. the new referee, not so good; 4. tbe football ground, crowded; 5. match, exciting; 6. football (tennis, etc.) player, popular; 7. centre forward, good; 8. to watch football matches on TV, often

Exercise 20. Ask questions to which the italicized words are the answers.

1. Our team has won the match. (1) 2. The centre forward is our top scorer. (1) 3. He parked his car near the Football Ground. (1) 4. The cafe was crowded that’s why he went to a restaurant. (1)

Exercise 21. Think of statements or questions to which these sentences may be responses.

1. The home team is sure to win. 2. Well, a lot of people are shouting for Spartak. 3. If they don’t lose the spirit they may win the match. 4. I’ll be seeing them tonight.

Exercise 22. Translate into English.

Exercise 23. Make up situations using the words given below.

Exercise 24. Read the story filling in the missing active words and discuss it.

«Nil—nil,»* he answered.

* nil—nil [‘nil ‘nil] ноль — ноль

«Oh, then we are not really late.»

«Look,»‘ she said. «May I have a cigarette, please?»

«Now, where did I put them? Excuse me a moment.» He started searching for* cigarettes in his pockets. At last he found the cigarettes. It took the young man some time to light the cigarette. The girl started smoking. Now the young man was able to’watch the match.

* search [sa:($] for smth. искать что-л.

«Jake,» the girl said «I can smell something burning.»* It was the neighbour’s coat burning from the girl’s cigarette.

A few minutes later she said she was hungry.* «Well, can’t you wait till the break?» the young man asked.

«I think I can, but I’m awfully hungry,» said the girl.

* she was hungry [‘плодп] она (была) голодна (она хотела есть)

A moment later she said: «Jake, look at that little boy. He bothers his father every minute. Why do fathers bring children here? The boy’s father can’t watch the match.»

«No, he can’t,» said the young man and sighed.Score, to score, players, to shout, football ground, match (2), come on.

LESSON EIGHTEEN

Conversations: A. A Football Match. B. Wales v. * England. C. Can’t Accept Your Invitation.

* v.- versus [‘V9:s3s] prep лат. против

Learn this speech pattern

1. I didn’t hear the telephone ring. Я не слышал, как звонил телефон.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Обратите внимание на то, что после дополнения к глаголу hear употребляется инфинитив без частицы to. Дополнение с инфинитивом переводится на русский язык дополнительным придаточным предложением.

Exercise I. Make up sentences using the table and translate them.

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

1. Я слышал, как Джон разговаривал с Анной. 2. Он слышал, как Майк сказал «До свидания». 3. Я слышал, как мой любимый актер выступал по радио. 4. Мы слышали, как судья дал свисток. Exercise 3. Make up four sentences using pattern 1.

Learn these words and word combinations

A. A FOOTBALL MATCH

Jane and Peter came to the football ground to watch the «Cup Final».

a) Before the game started

Programme Seller: Souvenir programmes! Read all about your favourite team! Photos of all the players.

Jane: I’d like to get one.

Programme Seller: Programme, Miss!

Peter: Look and see if Adams is playing.

Jane: Who does he play for?

Peter: Oh really, Jane, he’s Peruvale’s* top scorer. He got a leg injury two weeks ago.

* Peruvale [pg’nr.vl] Перуваль (название футбольной команды)

Jane: Yes, he’s playing today. Look at this. There are photographs of all the players here.

Peter: That’s Harry Creed. He plays for Liverpool. One of the best footballers 1 I’ve ever seen — when he’s on form. If he is the Liverpool team are sure to win.

Jane: Oh, good, they’re coming out onto the field now.

Crowd: Liverpool] Liverpool!

Jane: I have the impression that half Liverpool’s here.

Peter: Well, they’re a very popular team. What a kick!

Jane: Adams’ll never get to it. Come on, Adams, come on!

Peter: Adams is there. He’s going to score.

Jane: It’s over the top.

Peter: It’s a goal-kick. Creed has got the ball.

Crowd: Shoot! Shoot!

Jane: It’s a goal. What a shot!

News Announcer: Here is the ten o’clock news. Liverpool won the Cup Final. The final score was Liverpool 4, Peruvale 0.

В. WALES V. ENGLAND (After a rugby match)

David: It’s the best match I’ve ever watched.

John : It certainly is.

David: Rugby can be wonderful when it’s an international match,

John: Oh yes. By the way, are you still a very keen cricketer?

David: Yes. It’s e very good game. I’m always sorry when the summer ends.

John: What were yoy doing at 8 o’clock last night? I called you up but there was no answer.

David: I was watching a rugby match on TV. I’m afraid I didn’t hear the telephone ring.

John: How did the match end?

David: It ended with a score 6 — 3 (six to three).

C. I CAN’T ACCEPT YOUR INVITATION

John: Hello, Michael.

Michael: Hello. How are you?

John: I’m fine, thank you. And what about you?

Michael: I’m O.K. John, I’d like to invite you and Helen to attend the swimming events next Thursday.

John: Thanks a lot. We’d be happy to join you but we have another engagement. I’m really sorry.

Michael: I’m sorry, too. My best regards to Helen.

John: And give my regards to Susan. Goodbye.

1. one of the best footballers один из самых лучших футболистов; the best match самый лучший матч

Exercise 4. Read and translate the dialogues.

Exercise 5. Find in the dialogues English equivalents for these word combinations and sentences.

Exercise 6. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combinations are used in the dialogues.

programme, photos, to play for, impression, to score, goal, shot, rugby, international, engagement

Exercise 7. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Who does Adams play for?

B: For Peruvale. He’s their top scorer.

(A: Newman [‘njuimsn], Thomson [Чэтзэп])

2. A: Are you going to watch the «Cup Final’ on TV tonight?

B: No. I’m going to the Football Ground. I managed to book a ticket.

(A: the semi-final, Oxford v. Coventry, Watford [‘wotfsd] v. Brighton [‘braith])

3. A: I wonder if Michael Davies [‘deivis] is on form today?

B: I’m afraid he is off form. I don’t think their team’ll win the game.

(A: Peter Newman, Harry Thomson)

4. A: Newman is there. He’s going to score.

B: Its over the top.

(A: Thomson, Adams; B: It’s a goal. What a kick! Shoot! Shoot!)

5. A: Are you still keen on hockey!

S: Oh yes. It’s my favourite sport.

(A: football, tennis, cricket, chess)

6. A: What were you doing at seven o’clock last night? I phoned you but you didn’t answer.

B: I’m afraid I didn’t hear the phone ring. I was watching Dynamo [‘damsmou] v. Spartak.

(B: Dynamo [ v. Yenisei [,jeni’sei]; Youthl [ju:6] (Юность) v. Yenisei)

7. A: How did the game end?

B: It ended in a draw.

(B: with score 4—0, with a score 6—4)

8. A: Would you like to see the swimming events?

B: I’m sorry, I have another engagement.

(A: the match, the semi-final)

Exercise 8. Reproduce the dialogues in pairs.

Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with missing remarks. Reproduce the dialogues.

1. A: Would you like a souvenir programme, sir?

2. A: Who is Dynamo’s top scorer?

3. A: When did Adams score the first goal?

4. A: Are you going to watch Dynamo v. Spartak on TV tonight?

5. A: Is their goalkeeper on form?

6. A: What a pity! The ball went over the top. Will there be a goal-kick?

7. A: Was the game exciting?

A: Who scored the goals?

8. A: Who was playing last night?

A: How did you like the game?

9. A: How did the game end?

10. A: Are you still keen on chess?

11. A: Is your brother still a keen footballer?

12. A: Were you watching TV at seven o’clock last night?

13. A: Did you hear the phone ring?

14. A: Did the last hockey game make a great impression on you?

15. A: Would you like to attend the hockey match next Tuesday?

16. A: Can you join us?

17. A: Did they accept her invitation?

Exercise 10. Think of the questions and statements to which the following sentences are the answers.

B: Adams is. He’s the best footballer I’ve ever seen.

B: He scored it a few minutes before the end of the game.

В: Oh yes. All their players are on form today.

B: I’m afraid Dynamo’s goalkeeper is off form today.

B: It ended with a score 3 —1 in Liverpool’s favour.

B: Dynamo is sure to win the game.

B: It was exciting.

B: I was reading an article about hockey. I’ve always been keen on hockey.

B: Yes, it made a great impression on me. The game was really exciting.

B: I’ll be happy to jotn you but I have another engagement.

Exercise 11. Open the brackets and put the verbs in the Present and Past Continuous Tenses.

Exercise 12. Act as interpreter.

Peter Volkov: Г-н Смит, не хотели бы вы поехать в Лужники сегодня вечером и посмотреть хоккейный матч между «Динамо» и «Спартаком»?

Mr Smith: With pleasure. I haven’t been to Luzhniki yet. And I haven’t seen any of your hockey teams.

V: Это очень сильные команды и я надеюсь, что вы получите удовольствие от игры.

S: Thank you very much. Are you a hockey fan? Which of the teams do you support?

V: Я болею за «Спартак». Когда я учился в университете, я играл в университетской хоккейной команде.

S: And I played for the college football team. My son is a very good football player too. All our family supports his team. By the way, when does the game begin?

V: В 7 часов. Вот билет.

S: Thank you. See you later.

Exercise 13. Translate into English.

1. —Играет ли сегодня Томсон?

—Да. Он ведь самый лучший бомбардир в ливерпульской команде, не так ли?

—Да. В матче с «Брайтоном» (Brighton) он забил три гола.

—А как закончился матч «Ливерпуль» —«Брайтон»?

—«Ливерпуль» выиграл со счетом 6:2.

2. —Команды выходят на поле. —«Спартак»! Давай! Давай!

—У меня впечатление, что все спартаковские болельщики сегодня на стадионе.

—«Спартак» очень популярная команда.

—Мяч пролетел над воротами.

—Петров захватил мяч. Он собирается бить.

3. —Как закончился финальный матч на кубок?

—«Динамо» выиграло со счетом 4 : 2. Поздравляю вас!Вы ведь динамовский болельщик.

4. —Вы все еще увлекаетесь теннисом?

—Да. И мне бывает очень грустно, когда кончается лето. Зимой я увлекаюсь лыжами (skiing [‘skun]).

5. —Не хотели бы вы сыграть партию в шахматы?

6. —Что вы делали вчера в семь часов вечера? Я звонил вам, но никто не ответил.

—Боюсь, что я не слышал, как звонил телефон. Я смотрел футбольный матч «Спартак» — «Трактор».

—Как вам понравилась игра?

—Это был один из самых лучших матчей, который я когда-либо видел.

—Как закончился матч?

—6 — 0 в пользу «Спартака».

7. —Не хотели бы вы посмотреть соревнования по плаванию в следующую пятницу?

—Я был бы счастлив присоединиться к вам, но я занят (я уже приглашен).

Exercise 14. Make up dialogues based on these situations.

LESSON NINETEEN

I. NEW GRAMMAR STRUCTURES

1. Impersonal «it» (Безличное it)

* rain [rein] v: It rains. Идет дождь.

** snow [snou] v: It snows. Идет снег

Личное местоимение it употребляется в качестве формально-грамматического подлежащего в предложениях сообщающих о явлениях природы, о погоде, о временах года и т. п.

ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ. Обратите внимание на несоответствие грамматических структур в английском и русском языках.

It is cold, (предложение с формально-грамматическим подлежащим) — Холодно, (безличное предложение)

It is raining, (формально-грамматическое подлежащее it) — Сейчас идет дождь, (подлежащее дождь)

Exercise I. Make the necessary substitutions and reproduce the dialogues.

1. A’ It was hot* yesterday, wasn’t it?

* hot [hot] а жаркий

B: Yes, it was very hot.

2. A: It’s a fine day today, isn’t it?

B: Yes, I like it.

(A: cold, warm; B: don’t like, like)

3. A: It often rains in October here, doest’t it?

B: Yes. It’s very bad, isn’t it?

4. A1: It’s Friday today, ist’t it?

B: Yes. By the way, what time is it?

A2: It’s three o’clock now.

(A1: Thursday, Wednesday, Tuesday; A2: half past four, four, half past three)

Exercise 2. Transform these sentences according to the models.

a) It seldom rains in October here. It seldom snows in October here.

1. It is raining now. 2. It often rained last month. 3. It may rain tomorrow. 4. If it rains we shall stay at home.

b) It often snows in Omsk in March? Does it often snow in Omsk in March?

1. It seldom rains in November there. 2. It often snowed last month. 3. It is snowing now. 4. It will rain a lot in October.

c) Does it often rain there in October?

No, it doesn’t. It doesn’t often rain there in October.

1. Does it often snow in Moscow in March? 2. Did it often snow last January? 3. Is it raining now? 4. Is it snowing now? 5. Will it often rain next month?

Exercise 3. Translate into English.

1. Завтра будет очень тепло. 2. Чудесное утро, не правда ли? 3. В прошлом месяце часто шел снег. 4. Сейчас идет дождь. 5. Который сейчас час? — Без четверти семь. 6. Раннее утро, тепло. 7. Сегодня очень жарко. 8. Очень поздно, не так ли? — Да, уже 11 часов (вечера). 9. Идет ли сейчас снег?

Контрольная работа

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение

«Национальный государственный Университет

Дисциплина «Иностранный язык» (английский)

2 курс 3 семестр

1. Заполните пропуски, используя is/am/are. Пример: Не is in the gym.

1. Ann. good at gymnastics.

2. I. a student. My sister. a coach.

3. He. a Master of Sport.

4. They. record-holders.

5. My brother. at home.

2. Составьте утвердительные и отрицательные предложения. Используйте am/I am not/is/isn’t/are/aren’t. (St Petersburg/the second largest city of Russia) St Petersburg is the second largest city of Russia.

3. Составьте вопросы. Используйте am/is/are. (your coach in the gym?) Is your coach in the gym?

5) (she a gymnast?).

4. Образуйте форму множественного числа данных существительных.

5. Is или are? Употребите правильную форму глагола.

This is a sports ground. These are sports grounds.

1) Your suit. in the changing-room.

2) Your running shoes. in the changing-room.

3) What color. the flag of your country?

14) Who. those athletes?

5) Where. my racket?

6. Скажите. Употребите глагол в правильной форме.

1) The swimming pool (open) at 8.30 in the morning.

2) Sometimes she (win) prizes.

3) He has got many books. He (read) much.

4) She (practice) gymnastics.

5) Jack is a coach. He (train) young football players.

I play basketball every day. I don ‘ t play basketball every day.

1) She cooks every day.

3) I live home at 7o’clock.

4) They practice sport.

5) A long jumper does the high jump.

8. Составьте вопросительные предложения.

а) Начните с Do/Does. I practice sport. And you? Do you practice sport?

б) Начните с вопросительных слов Where / What / How. I train regularly. ( Where/you?) Where do you train?

5) He likes to read. (What kind of books/he?).

9. Употребите правильные глаголы в скобках в прошедшем простом времени.

I (to watch) a football match yesterday. I watched a football match yesterday.

10. Составьте предложения о прошлом (yesterday/last week etc.)

He always gets up early. Yesterday he got up early.

1) He wins every time. Last time he. again.

3) We usually do our shopping on Monday. last Monday.

7) She buys some fruit every day. Yesterday, she.

11. Составьте отрицательные предложения в Past Simple.

I practiced swimming but I didn’t practice diving.

1) We learnt English but we. German.

2) They went to America, but they. to England.

3) We saw Jack, bin we. his brother.

4) She ate an orange, but she. an apple.

5) He taught anatomy, but he. mathematics.

6) We met Boris, but we. Ann.

12. Составьте вопросительные предложения.

I took an exam yesterday. And you? Did you take an exam yesterday?

7) We saw this film. And you? …?

13. Составьте вопросы. Начните с Who / What / How / Why.

I phoned somebody. Who did you phone?

1) He helped somebody yesterday. Who.

2) They left home early yesterday. What time.

3) He said something. What.

4) She did something. What.

5) I realized something. What.

14. Составьте предложения с I think. Время Future Simple.

(My sister/pass the exam) I think my sister will pass the exam.

15. Составьте предложения. Используйте I think I’ ll. или I don’t think I’ ll.

(buy/a crocodile) I don’t think I’ll buy a crocodile.

4) (I/practice sport) ….

16. Предложитe свою помощь. Используйте Shall I.

‘I’m tired.’ «(help you?)’ ‘I’m tired.’ ‘Shall I help you?’

1) I’m hot.’ ‘(open the window?)

2) I’m cold.’ ‘(close the window?)

3) ‘It’s dark in the classroom’ ‘(turn the light on?)’

4) I’m late’ ‘(give you a lift?)’

5) ‘I’m hungry.’ ‘(give you a sandwich?)

6) ‘I’m thirsty.’ ‘(buy some juice?)’

7) ‘I’m bored.’ ‘(tell you a funny story).

17. Заполните пропуски в предложениях. Используйте прилагательные в сравнительной степени.

This book isn’t very interesting for me. Give me more interesting one.

18. Скажите. Используйте прилагательные в превосходной степени.

It’s a very interesting film. It’s the most interesting film for me.

2) It’s a really beautiful building. It’s the. in the town.

3) It was a really bad day. It was the. day in my life.

4) It was a very bad injury. It was the. injury of the season.

5) He is a fast runner. He is the. runner in our group.

6) She is very serious. She is the. I’ve ever known.

7) It’s a very dangerous kind of sport. I think it’s.

8) That summer was very hot. It was the. in the history of the town.

19. Выберите нужную форму из слов, стоящих в скобках.

1) He did his lest (bad, badly).

2) He acted very (brave, bravely).

3) He is a (brave, bravely) man.

4) This is quite (clear, clearly).

5) This (clear, clearly) shows the difference.

20. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в соответствующей форме. I (read) for the exam. I’m reading for the exam. 1) Turn off the radio. The children (sleep). 2) Jack (dribble) the ball at the moment. 3) They (have) dinner now. 4) She (perform) a very difficult exercise. 5) She (cook) a meal.

21. Задайте вопросы. Используйте What / Where / Why и т.п.

He is making something. What is he making?

1) He is carrying something. What.

2) She is speaking to somebody. Who. to?

3) He is watching something. What.

4) I’m looking for something. What. for?

5) She is eating something. What…?

2) (what/she/do/at 5o’clock?).

6) (you/have a break?).

23. Составьте предложения. Используйте Past Continuous или Past Simple.

(Jane /sleep) Jane was sleeping.

(the phone / ring ) The phone rang.

(she/wake up) She woke up.

1) (the boys/run/about the park) (one of them/fell) (The other boys/stop/ immediately)

2)(Jane/sit/at the desk) (she/read/a book) (her brother/come into the room)

3) (Jack/have supper) (he/watch TV) (a cat/come to the table)

4) (Nick/play/basketball on the beach) (the sun/shine) (he/take/the sun glasses).

24. Раскройте скобки. Составьте предложения. Употребите глаголы в соответствующей форме будущего времени.

Sorry, but I can’t (come) to your party tomorrow. I (train).

Sorry, but I can’t come to your party tomorrow. I will be training.

1) I. (phone) you tomorrow. I (help) my parents.

2) I (do) skiing the whole winter and I think I (win) after that.

3) I (not/play) tennis at 5 o’clock tomorrow. You can (take) my racket.

4) I (walk) in the park from 10 to 12 tomorrow. You can (find) me there.

5) The students in your group (have) an examination from 1:20 to 2:40 tomorrow.

6) The team of rhythmic gymnastics (give) a very interesting performance from 5 till 6. You should (see) it!

25. Заполните пропуски. Используйте much или many.

She has got many duties. She hasn’t got much time.

1) I never eat. bread.

2) There are. departments and faculties in the Lesgaft University.

3) There are. students in our group.

4) Is there. milk in the fridge?

5) She can speak. foreign languages.

26. Спросите. Начните с How much. или How many. ‘There are some Masters of Sports in our group.’

‘How many Masters of Sports are there in your group?’

1) ‘He has some beautiful pictures’ ‘. ‘

2) ‘We have some players on the team.’ «. ‘

3) «You must take some exams’ ‘. ‘

4) ‘There were some students in the reading room’.’. ‘

27. Ответьте на вопросы. Используйте a little или a few.

‘Have you got any time?’ ‘A little.’

«Have you got any books with you?’ ‘A few.’

7) ‘Have you got any difficulties?». ‘

28. Заполните пропуски в предложениях. Используйте a little или a few.

Can you help me a little?

2) Now I need. water.

3) Bring me. chairs, please.

4) We have. free time now. Let’s go to the cafe.

5) I’d like. ice-cream.

29. Заполните пропуски, используй can пли can’t + глагол, данный в скобках.

Mike. (run) very fast. Mike can run very fast.

They. (not/understand) French. They can’t understand French.

1) My brother. (help).

2) She. (not/see) well. She has to wear glasses.

3) You. (have) a rest if you want.

4) He. (ride) a horse perfectly.

5) This old woman. (not/sleep) at night.

30. Заполните пропуски, используя could или couldn’t + глагол, данный в скобках.

Не. (swim) the English Channel. He could swim the English Channel.

She. (not/solve) the problem. She couldn’t solve the problem.

1) He. (pass/the exam) in time.

3) He. (not/enter) the institute last year.

4) They. (do) it earlier. Why didn’t they do it?

31. Заполните пропуски, используя may. Переведите на русский язык.

. I take your pen? May I take your pen?

2) He. practice more. He is well.

3) You. phone me at night.

4) You. ask him about it.

5) You. lake my bag.

32. Перепишите каждое из следующих предложений дважды: в прошедшем и в будущем времени. Переведите.

1) You must listen to your coach.

2) You must take your examination in English.

3) The doctor must examine the child.

4) You must take part in the competitions.

5) He must work hard to reach the top.

6) He must start getting ready for his exam.

33. Составьте вопросы.

I have to leave early. Why do you have to leave early?

2) I have to stay at home. Why.

3) I’ll have to get up early tomorrow. What time.

4) I’ll have to visit somebody tomorrow. Who.

35. Заполните пропуски. Используйте Present Perfect.

Nick studies English. He has studied English for two years.

I live in St. Petersburg. I have lived in St. Petersburg since childhood.

1) Jack lives in London. He. since 1992.

2) Tom lives in New York. He. there since 1990.

3) He is a bus driver. He. a bus driver for fifteen years.

4) They work hard. They. hard since the beginning of the term.

5) Mary has a car. She. a car for three years.

6) She teaches anatomy. She. anatomy for twenty years.

7) Jim is a Master of Sports. He. since 1995.

36. Раскройте скобки, используя Past Perfect.

There weren’t many old friends in the town. They. (leave). They had left.

1) I didn’t recognize many people. They. (change) a lot.

3) John wasn’t a student any longer. He. (became) a doctor.

37.Изучите информацию в таблице. Составьте предложения по образцу. Расскажите о том, что ваш друг выполнит к указанному сроку.

Образец: He will have passed exams by the end of the month.

by the end of the month

by the end of the year

write ten letters

by the end of the week

buy a new tennis racket

buy a new expensive suit

visit his parents

38. Из данных слов составьте предложения с глаголами в страдательном залоге.

(this game/play/ all over the world) This game is played all over the world.

(Where/the last Olympics/hold?) Where were the last Olympics held?

39. Скажите о том же, используя страдательный залог. Обращайте внимание на место предлога. We often speak about her. She is often spoken about.

1) Mother asked for the telegram.

2) Everybody listened to the lecturer.

3) The senior students laughed at the freshman.

I was watching a football match on tv at that time so john

Например:

GRAMMAR TOPIC
(ТЕМА ГРАММАТИКИ)

С КОЛЬКО ВРЕМЕНИ?

Т акже как и в русском языке, в английском языке узнавать о том, сколько времени, можно, используя разные варианты вопросов. Наиболее распространенными в английском языке являются следующие два варианта:

Воспроизвести ещё раз
What time is it?«;»>What time is it?
(досл. Какое время есть оно?)
или
Воспроизвести ещё раз
What’s the time?«;»>What’s the time?
(досл. Что есть данное время?)

Вы можете сделать данные вопросы более вежливыми, поставив слово please в конце вопроса:

Воспроизвести ещё раз
What’s the time, please?«;»>What’s the time, please?

При обращении к незнакомому человеку используйте обращение Excuse me! (Извините!) перед вопросом.
Вот ещё один пример вопроса о времени:

Воспроизвести ещё раз
Excuse me! Have you got the time, please?«;»>Excuse me! Have you got the time, please?
(Извините! Будьте любезны, у вас есть время?)

Когда минутная стрелка показывает ноль минут, при произнесении часов используется слово o’clock (час).

Например:
Воспроизвести ещё раз
One o’clock«;»>One o’clock.
(1 час)

Перед произнесением времени обычно ставится It’s…, имея в виду The time is…

Например:
Воспроизвести ещё раз
It’s 5 o’clock«;»>It’s 5 o’clock.

Показываемое на часах время можно произносить двумя способами: традиционным и современным.

Т радиционный способ произнесения времени

П осмотрите на рисунок, на котором показан циферблат.

1. Когда минутная стрелка находится в правой части циферблата (до 30 минут включительно), при произнесении времени используется предлог past (после). (Американцы используют вместо past его синоним after.)

7:10 –	Воспроизвести ещё раз ten past seven«;»>ten past seven.
	(десять после семи)

2. Когда минутная стрелка находится в левой части циферблата, при произнесении времени используется предлог to, который показывает направление движения, в данном случае минутной стрелки к следующему часу. В русском языке предлогу to соответствует предлог без.

Например:

1:35 –	Воспроизвести ещё раз twenty five to two«;»>twenty five to two
	(25 минут, стремящиеся к двум)

3. Когда минутная стрелка находится на 3 или 9, англичане, как правило не говорят пятнадцать минут. Вместо этого они говорят четверть, которая может произносится как quarter, так и a quarter. Аналогично вместо 30 минут они говорят половина, которая также может произносится как half, так и a half. Однако чаще произносится первый вариант, как более короткий.

Например:
1:30 – Воспроизвести ещё раз
half past one«;»>half past one
1:45 – Воспроизвести ещё раз
quarter to two«;»>quarter to two
2:45 – Воспроизвести ещё раз
a quarter to three«;»>a quarter to three

4. Когда число минут оканчивается на 0 или 5, слово minute(s) (минута(ы)) обычно не произносится. В остальных случаях слово minute(s), как правило, произносится, особенно, когда часы показывают 1- 3 минуты.

Например:
2:01 – Воспроизвести ещё раз
It is one minute past two o’clock«;»>It is one minute past two o’clock.

5. Когда вы хотите назвать только приблизительное время, используйте слова about (около).

Вы можете также использовать и другие слова для выражения приблизительности произносимого времени.

6. Чтобы подчеркнуть точное время, используйте слово exactly (точно).

Например:
Воспроизвести ещё раз
It is exactly two o’clock«;»>It is exactly two o’clock.
(2 часа ровно)

7. Англичане используют 12-часовую систему обозначения времени. Если из контекста не ясно, о какой части дня идет речь, после произнесения времени используются касающиеся этого уточнения.

Например:
Воспроизвести ещё раз
in the morning«;»>in the morning (утра).
Воспроизвести ещё раз
in the afternoon«;»>in the afternoon (дня).
Воспроизвести ещё раз
in the evening«;»>in the evening (вечера).
Воспроизвести ещё раз
at night«;»>at night (ночи).
Воспроизвести ещё раз
It is a quarter to nine in the morning«;»>It is a quarter to nine in the morning. (8:45 утра).
Воспроизвести ещё раз
At 7 o’clock in the morning«;»>At 7 o’clock in the morning. (В 7 часов утра).

8. При официальном обозначении времени используются другие обозначения:

Например:
Воспроизвести ещё раз
It’s 4:15 p.m.«;»>It’s 4:15 p.m.
Воспроизвести ещё раз
It’s 1:00 a.m.«;»>It’s 1:00 a.m.
Вместо It’s 12 o’clock a.m. можно сказать Воспроизвести ещё раз
It’s noon«;»>It’s noon (Полдень).
Вместо It’s 12 o’clock p.m. можно сказать Воспроизвести ещё раз
It’s midnight«;»>It’s midnight (Полночь).

С овременный способ произнесения времени

Д анный способ стал широко распространенным после появления электронных часов. Вы просто произносите то, что видите на электронных часах – две цифры. Первая цифра – это часы, а вторая – минуты.

Например:
11.30 – Воспроизвести ещё раз
eleven thirty«;»>eleven thirty

Если минуты находятся в пределах от 1 до 9, то перед произнесением минут вместо ноля произносите букву о [ou].

Например:
12.05 – Воспроизвести ещё раз
twelve o five«;»>twelve o five

Источники информации:

Портал info.fammeo.ru

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I was watching a football match on tv at that time so john

Comparative Structures (Сравнительные конструкции)

Equivalents of Modal Verbs «can» and «must» in the Simple Future and the Simple Past Tense 4 часть

The Article with Uncountable Nouns (Употребление артикля с неисчисляемыми существительными)

Контрольная работа

I was watching a football match on tv at that time so john

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