It is said that he is said to he is supposed to

(a) Рассмотрите такую ситуацию:

Оба предложения означают: «Говорят, что кольцо стоит 1.000.000.»

Такая конструкция может использоваться с глаголами: thought, believed, reported, understood, known, expected, alleged, considered.

Рассмотрите такие примеры:

It is said that he sleeps 2 hours a day. или He is said to sleep 2 hours a day.

It is believed that boys like football. или Boys are believed to like football.

It is expected that the flight will be. или The flight is expected to be delayed.

It is reported that the village was. или The village is reported to have been ruined in the storm.

(b) (Be) supposed to.

(Be) supposed to иногда употребляется в значении it is said to (говорят):

— Let’s go to this restaurant. It’s supposed to be very good. (= Говорят, что он очень хороший; люди говорят.)

Иногда эта конструкция употребляется в значении `should`. Используйте supposed to, чтобы сказать о чем-то, что планировалось или намечалось, и это часто отличается от того, что произошло на самом деле.

— You are supposed to start work at 8 o’clock.

— Children are supposed to go to school every day.

Довольно часто эта конструкция употребляется для того, чтобы указать на контраст между `what is supposed` и `What really happens`.

— You were supposed to come early. Why are you late?

— Cats are supposed to be afraid of dogs, but my cat fights with them.

Not supposed to часто выражает запрет (а не allowed to).

— Young people are not supposed to buy strong drinks.

45 Сложное подлежащее – It is said that… He is said to… (be) supposed to…

ТEST It is said that …→

Генри очень стар. Никто не знает точно сколько ему лет, но …
Henry is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is, but …
1) It is said that he is 100 years old. (Об этом) Говорят, что ему 100 лет.
2) He is said to be 100 years old. (О нём) Говорят он (есть) 100 летний.

Подобные конструкции очень похожи на газетно-репортажный стиль. В справочниках английской грамматики их относят к теме: ‘Пассивные предложения с предложением – дополнением или инфинитивом.’

Возьмём два предложения первого типа:

Говорят, что он очень богат.
It is |said| that + he is very rich.

Здесь два предложения.
A: It is said – ‘об этом говорят’, это пассив.
that – связывающий союз ‘что’
B: he is very rich – дополнение, второе предложение, с глаголом ‘be’.

It is |said| that + he speaks six languages.
Говорят, что он говорит на шести языках.
Второе предложение с глаголом ‘speak’.

Такой тип предложений начинается со слова ‘It‘! Безличное, ‘подстановочное’ подлежащее→ (Dummy subject). Эта конструкция более близка и понятна русскоязычным студентам.

Второй тип предложений:

He is |said| + to be very rich.
A: ‘He is said’ – о нём говорят, сложное подлежащее, пассив. Здесь на первом месте не ‘It’, а любое другое местоимение или слово.
(слова ‘that’ нет)
B: ‘to be very rich’ – дополнение с инфинитивом с частицей ‘to’, глагол ‘be’.

He is |said| + to speak six languages.
Второе предложение с глаголом ‘speak’.

thought [θɔːt] (от think – думают, полагают)
believed [bɪ’liːvəd] (от believe – верят)
considered [kən’sɪdəd] (от consider – рассматривают, полагают, считают)
reported [rɪ’pɔːtəd] (от report – передают, сообщают)
known [nəun] (от know – известно)
expected [ɪk’spektəd] (от expect – ожидают)
alleged [ə’leʤd] (от allege – утверждают)
understood [ˌʌndə’stud] (от understand – понимают, воспринимают)

Потренируемся. Первая конструкция:

Говорят, что … – It’s said that …
Передают (сообщают), что … – It’s reported that …
Ожидают, что … – It’s expected that …

О нём говорят … – He is said to …
Передают, что два человека были … – Two people are reported to …
От забастовки ожидают … – The strike is expected to …

Эта пассивная конструкция в русскоязычных источниках называется ‘Сложное подлежащее’ (Complex subject). Пассивное предложение с дополнением – инфинитивом.
В сборнике упражнений Ю. Голицинского→ есть упражнения к этой теме.

Такие предложения сложнее и труднее для русскоязычных студентов. Хотя, для носителей языка, это звучит абсолютно естественно и привычно.

(Be) supposed to

Эта конструкция может использоваться как в безличных предложениях с ‘It’, так и в предложениях со сложным подлежащим (Complex subject).

– It is supposed to relieve stress. Это должно снять стресс. (Предполагается, это снимет напряжение.)

– He is supposed to come to the party. Он должен прийти на вечеринку.

Очень частотная и важная конструкция в английском языке! Ближе всего к модальному should→. Часто используется, когда что либо ожидалось, предполагалось, планировалось и не произошло в реальности.

Видеоурок ‘Suppose и be supposed to’

Я лично запомнил, когда первый раз столкнулся с ней. Был приём послов в Вашингтоне, представители разных стран сидели за столами и общались, знакомились. Наш, почему-то, сильно задерживался. Я подошёл ко входу в здание, где дежурили две женщины, организаторы мероприятия и спросил, не знают ли они, прибыл ли наш посол или он вообще не приедет? Они проверили списки и ответили: – He is supposed to be. (он планировал, предполагается, что будет).

Точно по ситуации – ‘должен бы, планировалось, ожидается’ и т.д. Именно не категорично, но мягко, связанное с планами, должно бы, но почему то не произошло.

Здесь не уместно было бы использовать: should, have to, may, must и другие модальные глаголы→.

Примеры с ‘be supposed to’:

Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good.
Давай пойдём посмотрим этот фильм. Говорят, что он очень хороший.

‘Why was he arrested?’ ‘He’s supposed to have kicked a policeman.’
Почему он был арестован? Говорят (полагают), что он пнул полицейского.

I’d (= had) better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock and I’m supposed to be meeting Ann at 8.15.
Мне бы лучше поторопиться. Уже около 8 часов, а мне нужно встретиться с Анной в 8.15.

The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late.
Поезд должен был прибыть в 11.30, но он был на час позже.

You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn’t you do it?
Тебе нужно было помыть окна. Почему ты не сделал это?

You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.
Тебе не положено припарковаться здесь. Это только частная парковка.

Mr Bond is much better after his illness but he’s still not supposed to do any heavy work.
Г-ну Бонду намного лучше после его болезни, но он по-прежнему не должен делать никакой тяжёлой работы.

It Is Said That / He Is Said To
(be) Supposed To

“Main clause + noun clause” can be made passive in two ways.

Active: People say that he lives abroad now.
Passive 1: It’s said that he lives abroad now.
Passive 2: He is said to live abroad now.

Active: People believe that he is the hero of the town.
Passive 1: It’s believed that he is the hero of the town.
Passive 2: He is believed to be the hero of the town.

Present «Be»:

Active: They say (that) the man is a thief.
Passive 1: It’s said that the man is a thief.
Passive 2: The man is said to be a thief.

Simple Present Noun Clause:

Active: We understand that he dislikes children.
Passive 1: It’s understood that he dislikes children.
Passive 2: He is understood to dislike children.

Past «Be»:

Active: They say that he was very rich in the past.
Passive 1: It’s said that he was rich in the past.
Passive 2: He is said to have been very rich in the past.

Simple Past Noun Clause :

Active: People claim that he left the country two months ago.
Passive 1: It’s claimed that he left the country two months ago.
Passive 2: He is claimed to have left the country two months ago.

Present Perfect Noun Clause :

Active: People think that he has deserted his family.
Passive 1: It’s thought that he has deserted his family.
Passive 2: He is thought to have deserted his family.

Present Continuous Noun Clause :

Active: We think he is waiting there now.
Passive 1: It’s thought that he is waiting there now.
Passive 2: He is thought to be waiting there now.

Past Continuous Noun Clause :

Active: People say he was working very hard.
Passive 1: It’s said that he was working very hard.
Passive 2: He is said to have been working very hard.

Future Tense(will or going to) Noun Clause :

Active: People expect that the rate of exchange will go down soon.
Passive 1: It’s expected that the rate of crime will go down soon.
Passive 2: The rate of crime is expected to go down soon.

Present Passive Noun Clause :

Active: They say that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day.
Passive 1: It’s said that a lot of electrical appliances are stolen every day.
Passive 2: A lot of electrical appliances are said to be stolen every day.

Past Passive Noun Clause :

Active: They report that two people were killed in the explosion.
Passive 1: It’s reported that two people were killed in the explosion.
Passive 2: Two people are reported to have been killed in the explosion.

Common verbs similar to “believe, say” are claim, understand, think, suppose, expect, report, acknowledge, assume, estimate, consider etc.

Конструкции в страдательном залоге: It is said that he…, He is said to… и т.д. Passive Voice Constructions: It is said that he…, He is said to… etc.

1. Для передачи высказываний, суждений других людей о ком-либо или о чем-либо могут употребляться два типа конструкций с глаголом сказуемым в страдательном залоге.

Active Voice: People say that the new film is very violent.
Говорят, что новый фильм очень жестокий.

Passive Voice (1): It + passive + that clause
It is said that the new film is very violent.
Говорят, что новый фильм очень жестокий.

Passive Voice (2): Subject + passive + to infinitive
The new film is said to be very violent.
Говорят, что новый фильм очень жестокий.

2. Обороты it + passive соответствуют в русском языке глаголам с неопределенно-личным значением.

Примеры:It is reported that the president is seriously ill. или The president is reported to be seriously ill.- Сообщают, что президент серьезно болен.

Примеры:It is believed that the winter will be warm. или The winter is believed to be warm. – Полагают, что зима будет теплой.

3. Если речь идет об отношении к действию, совершившемуся ранее, употребляется конструкция to have + past participle.

Примеры:It is believed that the fire started last night. или The fire is believed to have started last night. – Полагают, что пожар начался вчера вечером.

UNIT 44. It is said that. He is said to. (be) supposed to.

A. Study this example situation:

Henry is very old. Nobody knows exactly how old he is, but:

It is said that he is 108 years old. or He is said to be 108 years old.

Both these sentences mean: ‘People say that he is 108 years old.’

You can use these structures with a number of other verbs, especially:

thought believed considered reported known expected alleged understood

Compare the two structures:

* Cathy works very hard.

It is said that she works 16 hours a day. or She is said to work 16 hours a day.

* The police are looking for a missing boy.

It is believed that the boy is wearing a or white pullover and blue jeans. The boy is believed to be wearing a white pullover and blue jeans.

* The strike started three weeks ago.

It is expected that it will end soon. or The strike is expected to end soon

* A friend of mine has been arrested.

It is alleged that he kicked a policeman. or He is alleged to have kicked a policeman.

* Those two houses belong to the same family.

It is said that there is a secret tunnel between them. There is said to be a secret tunnel between them.

These structures are often used in news reports. For example, in a report about an accident:

* It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion. or Two people are reported to have been injured in the explosion.

B. (Be) supposed to

* Let’s go and see that film. It’s supposed to be very good. (= it is said to be very good)

* ‘Why was he arrested?’ ‘He’s supposed to have kicked a policeman.’ (= he is said to have kicked a policeman)

But sometimes supposed to has a different meaning. ‘Something is supposed to happen’ = it is planned, arranged or expected. Often this is different from what really happens:

* I’d better hurry. It’s nearly 8 o’clock and I’m supposed to be meeting Ann at 8.15. (= I have arranged to meet Ann, I said I would meet her)

* The train was supposed to arrive at 11.30 but it was an hour late. (= the train was

expected to arrive at 11.30 according to the timetable)

* You were supposed to clean the windows. Why didn’t you do it?

‘You’re not supposed to do something’ = it is not allowed or advisable for you to do it:

* You’re not supposed to park your car here. It’s private parking only.