It must be admitted however that within the past few years they have become almost
It must be admitted however that within the past few years they have become almost
It must be admitted however that within the past few years they have become almost
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A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face
OG Verbal Review 2, SC#39
Verb form; Parallelism
The correct answer is E.
Most Helpful Expert Reply
Here is a detailed explanation to this question-
A recent study has found that within the past few years, many doctors had elected early retirement rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
(A) had elected early retirement rather than face
(B) had elected early retirement instead of facing
(C) have elected retiring early instead of facing
(D) have elected to retire early rather than facing
(E) have elected to retire early rather than face
Meaning is crucial to solving this problem:
Understanding the intended meaning is key to solving this question; the intended core meaning of this sentence is that many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance.
Concepts tested here: Meaning + Tenses
• The present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present.
• The past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb «had») is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb «had» is used with the action in the «greater past».
• Any elements linked by a conjunction («rather than» in this case») must be parallel.
• For referring to the purpose/intent of action the infinitive verb form («to + base form of verb») is preferred over the present participle («verb+ing»).
• A general observation: “instead of” generally loses to “rather than” on GMAT.
A: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase «elected early retirement»; the use of the noun phrase «early retirement» leads to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning is that many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance. Further, Option A incorrectly uses the past perfect tense verb «had elected» to refer to an action that concluded in the past but continues to affect the present; please remember, the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present, and the past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb «had») is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb «had» is used with the action in the «greater past». Additionally, Option A fails to maintain parallelism between «early retirement» and «face the threats. insurance»; please remember, any elements linked by a conjunction («rather than» in this case») must be parallel.
B: This answer choice alters the meaning of the sentence through the phrase «elected early retirement»; the use of the noun phrase «early retirement» leads to an incoherent meaning; the intended meaning is that many doctors have elected to retire early rather than face the threats of lawsuits and the rising costs of malpractice insurance. Further, Option B incorrectly uses the past perfect tense verb «had elected» to refer to an action that concluded in the past but continues to affect the present; please remember, the present perfect tense (marked by the use of the helping verb “has/have”) is used to describe events that concluded in the past but continue to affect the present, and the past perfect tense (marked by the use of helping verb «had») is used when a sentence contains two actions in the past; the helping verb «had» is used with the action in the «greater past». Additionally, Option B fails to maintain parallelism between «early retirement» and «facing the threats. insurance»; please remember, any elements linked by a conjunction («instead of» in this case») must be parallel. Besides, a general observation: “instead of” generally loses to “rather than” on GMAT.
D: This answer choice fails to maintain parallelism between «to retire early» and «facing the threats. insurance»; please remember, any elements linked by a conjunction («rather than» in this case») must be parallel.
Hence, E is the best answer choice.
To understand the concept of «Present Perfect Tense» on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (
To understand the concept of «Past Perfect Tense» on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (
To understand the concept of «Infinitive vs Present Participles» on GMAT, you may want to watch the following video (
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It must be admitted however that within the past few years they have become almost
A. POOR COMMUNICATION 6
B. HELPFUL METHOD 2
C. PAST HOBBY 4
D. BODY LANGUAGE 3
E. ENJOYABLE GAMES
F. HEALTH PROBLEMS 1
G. MORE IMAGINATION 5
1. In just a few years mobile phones have become a common sight everywhere. Walk past any cafe and you will see people chatting on their phones or sending text messages. However, some people are concerned that the signals these phones send out may be bad for our health. They worry that holding a mobile close to your head might have an effect on your brain. So, it may be a good idea to use your ordinary phone when you can.
Мобильные телефоны могу быть опасными для здоровья. HEALTH PROBLEMS
2. We learn a lot by reading, but what if you can’t see the words on the page? Many blind people can read braille шрифт Брайля. Braille is a system of writing using raised dots on the page that you can feel with your fingers. A Frenchman called Louis Braille invented [ ɪ n’vent] изобретать it in 1821, when he was just 12 years old. His system makes life easier for many thousands of blind people all over the world.
Шрифт, который могут читать слепые люди. HELPFUL METHOD
3. When we talk to someone, only a small part of our meaning is in what we say. Some people say that as little as 7% of our message is contained in our words. We use our hands to express ourselves and we use our faces to show that we are listening or to show how we feel. Our faces and our hands can also show things that we might want to hide, like the fact that we are lying, for example.
Невербальная коммуникация. BODY LANGUAGE
4. People can now use the Internet and e-mail to communicate with each other cheaply and quickly. Twenty years ago, however, this wasn’t possible. In those days in Britain, some people used amateur любительский, самодеятельный radio to contact people all over the country, and even around the world. They had special radios in their houses that sent out radio signals. They contacted each other to exchange news about their lives and about the weather, or even to play games such as chess.
Любительские радио для общения. PAST HOBBY
5. One of the most interesting types of radio programme is radio drama. Although some radio stations only broadcast music, some also produce plays for their listeners. Many people prefer listening to a play on the radio to watching it on TV because they can be more creative. On TV, the programme-makers decide exactly what a place or a person looks like. On radio, though, you can imagine it any way you like.
Прослушивание пьес по радио даёт возможность работать воображению. MORE IMAGINATION
6. Before the invention of radio, it was almost impossible to communicate over large distances. The only way to communicate with people far away was to send a message or a letter with a person. People lit fires on hills as a signal to each other, but it wasn’t a very good way of communicating. It was very difficult to find out what was happening in distant places and news often took weeks or even months to travel around the world.
Раньше, до изобретения радио, было сложно общаться. POOR COMMUNICATION