Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in

ЕГЭ по английскому языку, устная часть. Тест 1 и образец выполнения.

Вы сдаете ЕГЭ по английскому? Значит, вам надо освоить такой непростой раздел, как говорение, или устная часть. Это задания С3, С4, С5 и С6 в варианте ЕГЭ. Больше всего ошибок выпускники делают именно в этих заданиях.

Задание С3 — чтение.

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in. There are different reasons why people drained swamplands. Some were drained to fight diseases caused by insects that lived in them. Because swamps were considered unpleasant places in which to live and harmful to health, many people thought that unless they were drained the land was worthless.

Other swamps were drained to make new land. As the population grew and more land was needed, people drained swamps or filled them to make room for more farms and factories, more roads and airports.

Few people thought that it might be harmful to get rid of swamps. As swamps disappeared, other things happened. There were both more floods and more droughts than before. There were also more fires, for swamps had acted as firebreaks. Hunters noticed that there was less wild game. Wild life that once lived in the swamps was dying out, because it had no place to live.

Задание С4 – составить вопросы.

Task 2. Study the advertisement.
You are going to visit Japan this summer and you’d like to have more information about the flights to Japan. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five questions to find out the following:

1) departure dates
2) travel time
3) return ticket price
4) discounts for students
5) buying the ticket online
You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

Пример выполнения задания:
1. What are the days of departures? ( What are departure dates?)
2. How long will it take to travel?
3. How much does the return ticket cost? ( What is the price of the return ticket?,
How much is the return ticket?)
4. Do you offer any discounts for students? ( Are there any discounts for students available?)
5. Is it possible to book the ticket online?

Задание С5 – описание одной картинки.

Task 3. Imagine that you are showing pictures of your pets to your friend. Choose one photo to present to your friend. You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously. In your talk remember to speak about:
•when you took the photo
•what/who is in the photo
•what is happening
•why you took the photo
•why you decided to show the picture to your friend
Don’t forget to start with “I have chosen photo number ….”

Пример выполненного задания С5:

I have chosen photo number 1.
To begin with, people keep pets for different reasons. They make our lives more exciting and become the members of our family. They can also be our closest friends forever.

Задание С6 – сравнение и сопоставление двух фотографий.

Task 4. Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:
•give a brief description (action, location)
•say what the pictures have in common
•say in what way the pictures are different
•say which kind of life you’d prefer
•explain why

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes. You have to talk continuously.

Пример выполненного задания C6:

Обрати внимание:
1. Получи за устную часть максимальный балл! Рекомендации преподавателя-профессионала.
2. Используй прилагательные. Без них речь будет скудной! Таблица необходимых прилагательных здесь.
3. Повтори правила чтения и произношения в английском языке. Говори правильно!
4. Узнай, как правильно задавать вопросы в английском языке.
5. Чтобы твой ответ был целостным, связным и грамотным, используй вводные слова.
Выполнение этих рекомендаций повысит и твой балл на ЕГЭ, и твой уровень владения английским.

Посмотреть Тест 2.
Успеха вам на ЕГЭ по английскому!

Ты нашел то, что искал? Поделись с друзьями!

Подготовка к ЕГЭ по Английскому. Раздел Чтение

As soon as spring brings a new growth of bushes and berries, bears start feeding. They eat and eat. All through the spring and summer their feeding goes on. The bears build themselves up. They store food and fats that they will need in the fall when they start their long sleep.

As days grow shorter, and the temperature begins to fall, bears hunt for a sleeping place. It may be a shallow cave, or a deep crack between rocks. Some bears end up sleeping in hollow logs. Logs seem to be bears’ favourite places. Bears seem to choose small spaces. They can keep warmer in a cave that’s just large enough to hold them than in a larger cave. They often line their sleeping place with leaves and dried grass.

All through their winter naps, bears will not eat. Often they will sleep for 7 months, moving only now and then. (152)

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in. There are different reasons why people drained swamplands. Some were drained to fight diseases caused by insects that lived in them. Because swamps were considered unpleasant places in which to live and harmful to health, many people thought that unless they were drained the land was worthless.

Other swamps were drained to make new land. As the population grew and more land was needed, people drained swamps or filled them to make room for more farms and factories, more roads and airports.

Few people thought that it might be harmful to get rid of swamps. As swamps disappeared, other things happened. There were both more floods and more droughts than before. There were also more fires, for swamps had acted as firebreaks. Hunters noticed that there was less wild game. Wild life that once lived in the swamps was dying out, because it had no place to live. (160)

The word “ecology” comes from two Greek words which mean “household” and “study”. In “The Riddle of the Universe”, he applied the term “ecology” to the “relation of the animal both to its organic as well as its inorganic environment”.

Ecologists study organisms in various kinds of environments by looking for patterns of interaction. An organism’s environment includes both other organisms and physical surroundings. It involves relationships among individuals within a population and among individuals of different populations. These interactions among individuals, among populations, and between organisms and their environment from ecological systems, or ecosystems. (161)

You don’t see many birds in winter. Most have left your area. Those that stay are not as active. Activity uses energy that is needed to keep warm.

The worst problems for birds in winter are getting enough heat and holding on to the heat once it is made. These are problems for all the birds. But it is especially true for very small ones. They cannot find enough food. The weather stays so cold for so long that they cannot eat enough to keep alive. But birds have many ways of fighting the cold.

You shiver to keep warm. The heat that you make is made mostly in your muscles. The muscles make more heat when they are active. So one way of keeping warm is to move about, use your muscles. Another way is to shiver. When your body needs heat, the muscles tighten and loosen quickly. They become active. Just as you shiver to keep warm, so do birds. (162)

They have used writing to try to understand spiritual life and to create religions. They have created educational books to teach their young and they have written about their feelings and emotions in poetry, drama, song and story. (147)

Because birds have such fine eyesight, they are hard to approach. Bird watchers use binocularis to study birds. One way to watch them up without using binocularis is to go to a place they go to often. Sit still, keep quiet, and wait until they come. Soon they will be doing things all round you.

You may get too close to the animals you are watching. Always stay at a distunce that is easy for them and for you. Do not disturb nesting birds. And never approach an animal that is with its young. Wild animal parents can be very protective. If you come upon a baby animal that looks like it’s alone, let it be. Mother may be watching you from a hiding place nearby.

Do not touch or corner a wild animal. Never follow an animal into places you don’t know. There is no such thing as a tame wild animal.(153)

Some paintings found in different caves around the world are recognized as the work of Stone Age artists. But what was the purpose of the paintings? Why were they hidden in a dark room where there is no evidence that cave people lived?

No one really knows, but there is one theory that makes great sense. It is called the theory of Sympathetic Magic. According to this, the cave people believed that if they could make a likeness of an animal, they could put a spell over it. This spell would give the tribe power over the live animal.

What was the family life like in ancient Scandinavia? Most Viking male population was allround handymen, but some had special skills. You could find boat-builders, potters, leatherworkers and smiths. Most Viking men knew how to handle a boat and most of them could fight if they had to, to protect the family or to support their chief.

Women were known to work at home and bear responsibility for household chores. They baked bread, did spinning and weaving, turning sheep wool into cloth and items they would wear. They looked after their children, made the family’s clothes and cooked two meals which most families had daily. On the farm, women milked the cows and made cheese. Viking children helped their parents and did not attend school. However, they were not illiterate. They learned Viking history, religion and law from stories and songs, not from books. By the age of 15 or 16 they were considered adults. It was common for girls’ fathers to choose their future husbands. (166)

In the late 1500s, in Italy, a man named Andrea Amati set out to create a beautiful instrument. He determined it should have an hourglass-shaped body with four strings attached to it. It should also have a beautiful neck and fingerboard. The instrument was called the violin and it went on to be one of the most popular instruments of all time.

The people who played the violin were called violinists. To play the violin, they used a stick, called a bow. The bow was made of wood and horse hair. As the horse hair brushed across the strings, it caused them vibration. The vibration was how the strings made music.

The violin became part of a family of instruments called string instruments. Its cousins were the viola and cello. Of all the string instruments, the violin had the highest voice. With its beautiful voice, it could be used to convey all sorts of emotion in music. (157)

When beauty queens of former times and nowadays are compared, it is obvious that they have become much slimmer. An appearance which was considered normal 50 years ago is rare today. In order to be as slim as fashion demands, they are compelled to go around starving.

Most women today feel that they are under an obligation to be slim. This results in an increasing number of them getting eating disorders. Cultural idealization of thinness, which is in fact anorexia, and youthfulness have both contributed to eating disorders affecting diverse groups of population.

Food containing a lot of sugar and fat dominates the market and if eaten regularly and not in moderation it can soon cause an increase in weight. A person can get problems with self-image and eating through ideals which are spread by mass media. Many young women with a normal body shape develop an idea that they are overweight and start slimming even though it is harmful for them.(162)

Islands that appear and disappear are certainly part of the world’s legends. But in 1963, with the aid of cameras and scientific observers, some of those legends were given a solid basis of fact. For example, on November 14, 1963, a kind of miracle occurred. An island was born.

On that day a fishing boat sailed into waters that were boiling and rolling and foul with a strong smell. The world still had a hard time believing the miracle that was to occur. It was the first time that scientists were to witness the unexpected birth of an underwater island.

First the engineer, then the captain, and at last the cook were aware of the awful smell and the peculiar roll of the sea. But it was the cook who first noticed the smoke. He thought there was a ship in trouble somewhere on the seas. (146)

The mystery of why trees don’t stop growing is still unsolved. Human beings usually stop growing sometime during their teens. Many animals reach full growth within a year. Others are fully grown in just a few years. Birds and insects also stop growing at a certain age. But trees keep growing as long as they live.

Trees live, grow, and reproduce themselves by an amazing process. The thousands of leaves put forth by the tree breathe for it and manufacture its food. Its root system gathers minerals and vast quantities of water. To carry this water to the leaves, the tree is equipped with an intricate circulation system that extends upward from the millions of root hairs through the trunk and branches. The trunk holds the leaves up to the sunlight, sends them water from the roots, and gets food back from them. Then seeds are borne in flowers or cones. (151)

Курс повышения квалификации

Профилактика синдрома «профессионального выгорания» у педагогов

Курс повышения квалификации

Концептуальное и методическое обновление дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в условиях реализации ФГОС

Курс повышения квалификации

Особенности методической работы в онлайн-образовании

«Эффективное обучение иностранным языкам дошкольников: профессиональные и личностные компетенции преподавателя»

Краткое описание документа:

Text 1

As soon as spring brings a new growth of bushes and berries, bears start feeding. They eat and eat. All through the spring and summer their feeding goes on. The bears build themselves up. They store food and fats that they will need in the fall when they start their long sleep.

As days grow shorter, and the temperature begins to fall, bears hunt for a sleeping place. It may be a shallow cave, or a deep crack between rocks. Some bears end up sleeping in hollow logs. Logs seem to be bears’ favourite places. Bears seem to choose small spaces. They can keep warmer in a cave that’s just large enough to hold them than in a larger cave. They often line their sleeping place with leaves and dried grass.

All through their winter naps, bears will not eat. Often they will sleep for 7 months, moving only now and then. (152)

Text 2

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in. There are different reasons why people drained swamplands. Some were drained to fight diseases caused by insects that lived in them. Because swamps were considered unpleasant places in which to live and harmful to health, many people thought that unless they were drained the land was worthless.

Other swamps were drained to make new land. As the population grew and more land was needed, people drained swamps or filled them to make room for more farms and factories, more roads and airports.

Few people thought that it might be harmful to get rid of swamps. As swamps disappeared, other things happened. There were both more floods and more droughts than before. There were also more fires, for swamps had acted as firebreaks. Hunters noticed that there was less wild game. Wild life that once lived in the swamps was dying out, because it had no place to live. (160)

Text 3

The word “ecology” comes from two Greek words which mean “household” and “study”. In “The Riddle of the Universe”, he applied the term “ecology” to the “relation of the animal both to its organic as well as its inorganic environment”.

Ecologists study organisms in various kinds of environments by looking for patterns of interaction. An organism’s environment includes both other organisms and physical surroundings. It involves relationships among individuals within a population and among individuals of different populations. These interactions among individuals, among populations, and between organisms and their environment from ecological systems, or ecosystems. (161)

Text 4

You don’t see many birds in winter. Most have left your area. Those that stay are not as active. Activity uses energy that is needed to keep warm.

The worst problems for birds in winter are getting enough heat and holding on to the heat once it is made. These are problems for all the birds. But it is especially true for very small ones. They cannot find enough food. The weather stays so cold for so long that they cannot eat enough to keep alive. But birds have many ways of fighting the cold.

You shiver to keep warm. The heat that you make is made mostly in your muscles. The muscles make more heat when they are active. So one way of keeping warm is to move about, use your muscles. Another way is to shiver. When your body needs heat, the muscles tighten and loosen quickly. They become active. Just as you shiver to keep warm, so do birds. (162)

Text 5

They have used writing to try to understand spiritual life and to create religions. They have created educational books to teach their young and they have written about their feelings and emotions in poetry, drama, song and story. (147)

Text 6

Because birds have such fine eyesight, they are hard to approach. Bird watchers use binocularis to study birds. One way to watch them up without using binocularis is to go to a place they go to often. Sit still, keep quiet, and wait until they come. Soon they will be doing things all round you.

You may get too close to the animals you are watching. Always stay at a distunce that is easy for them and for you. Do not disturb nesting birds. And never approach an animal that is with its young. Wild animal parents can be very protective. If you come upon a baby animal that looks like it’s alone, let it be. Mother may be watching you from a hiding place nearby.

Do not touch or corner a wild animal. Never follow an animal into places you don’t know. There is no such thing as a tame wild animal.(153)

Text 7

Some paintings found in different caves around the world are recognized as the work of Stone Age artists. But what was the purpose of the paintings? Why were they hidden in a dark room where there is no evidence that cave people lived?

No one really knows, but there is one theory that makes great sense. It is called the theory of Sympathetic Magic. According to this, the cave people believed that if they could make a likeness of an animal, they could put a spell over it. This spell would give the tribe power over the live animal.

Text 8

What was the family life like in ancient Scandinavia? Most Viking male population was allround handymen, but some had special skills. You could find boat-builders, potters, leatherworkers and smiths. Most Viking men knew how to handle a boat and most of them could fight if they had to, to protect the family or to support their chief.

Women were known to work at home and bear responsibility for household chores. They baked bread, did spinning and weaving, turning sheep wool into cloth and items they would wear. They looked after their children, made the family’s clothes and cooked two meals which most families had daily. On the farm, women milked the cows and made cheese. Viking children helped their parents and did not attend school. However, they were not illiterate. They learned Viking history, religion and law from stories and songs, not from books. By the age of 15 or 16 they were considered adults. It was common for girls’ fathers to choose their future husbands. (166)

Text 9

In the late 1500s, in Italy, a man named Andrea Amati set out to create a beautiful instrument. He determined it should have an hourglass-shaped body with four strings attached to it. It should also have a beautiful neck and fingerboard. The instrument was called the violin and it went on to be one of the most popular instruments of all time.

The people who played the violin were called violinists. To play the violin, they used a stick, called a bow. The bow was made of wood and horse hair. As the horse hair brushed across the strings, it caused them vibration. The vibration was how the strings made music.

The violin became part of a family of instruments called string instruments. Its cousins were the viola and cello. Of all the string instruments, the violin had the highest voice. With its beautiful voice, it could be used to convey all sorts of emotion in music. (157)

Text 10

When beauty queens of former times and nowadays are compared, it is obvious that they have become much slimmer. An appearance which was considered normal 50 years ago is rare today. In order to be as slim as fashion demands, they are compelled to go around starving.

Most women today feel that they are under an obligation to be slim. This results in an increasing number of them getting eating disorders. Cultural idealization of thinness, which is in fact anorexia, and youthfulness have both contributed to eating disorders affecting diverse groups of population.

Food containing a lot of sugar and fat dominates the market and if eaten regularly and not in moderation it can soon cause an increase in weight. A person can get problems with self-image and eating through ideals which are spread by mass media. Many young women with a normal body shape develop an idea that they are overweight and start slimming even though it is harmful for them.(162)

Text 11

Islands that appear and disappear are certainly part of the world’s legends. But in 1963, with the aid of cameras and scientific observers, some of those legends were given a solid basis of fact. For example, on November 14, 1963, a kind of miracle occurred. An island was born.

On that day a fishing boat sailed into waters that were boiling and rolling and foul with a strong smell. The world still had a hard time believing the miracle that was to occur. It was the first time that scientists were to witness the unexpected birth of an underwater island.

First the engineer, then the captain, and at last the cook were aware of the awful smell and the peculiar roll of the sea. But it was the cook who first noticed the smoke. He thought there was a ship in trouble somewhere on the seas. (146)

Text 12

The mystery of why trees don’t stop growing is still unsolved. Human beings usually stop growing sometime during their teens. Many animals reach full growth within a year. Others are fully grown in just a few years. Birds and insects also stop growing at a certain age. But trees keep growing as long as they live.

Trees live, grow, and reproduce themselves by an amazing process. The thousands of leaves put forth by the tree breathe for it and manufacture its food. Its root system gathers minerals and vast quantities of water. To carry this water to the leaves, the tree is equipped with an intricate circulation system that extends upward from the millions of root hairs through the trunk and branches. The trunk holds the leaves up to the sunlight, sends them water from the roots, and gets food back from them. Then seeds are borne in flowers or cones. (151)

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in

ИТОГО: 20 баллов

В этом задании вам необходимо прочитать правильно текст, не допустив ошибок. Давайте разберём это задание на демоверсии 201 7 года.

Подготовка – 1.5 минуты
Время выполнения – 1.5 минуты
Балы за это задание – 1 балл

Task 1

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in. There are different reasons why people drained swamplands. Some were drained to fight diseases caused by insects that lived in them. Because swamps were considered unpleasant places in which to live and harmful to health, many people thought that unless they were drained the land was worthless.

Other swamps were drained to make new land. As the population grew and more land was needed, people drained swamps or filled them to make room for more farms and factories, more roads and airports.

Few people thought that it might be harmful to get rid of swamps. As swamps disappeared, other things happened. There were both more floods and more droughts than before. There were also more fires, for swamps had acted as firebreaks. Hunters noticed that there was less wild game. Wild life that once lived in the swamps was dying out, because it had no place to live.

В этом задании вам необходимо задать вопросы к предложенной вам картинке. Вам даются ключевые слова и на их основе вы должны построить вопросы.

Подготовка – 1.5 минуты
Время выполнения – 2 минуты
Ваши вопросы – по 20 секунд на вопрос
Балы за это задание – 5 баллов (по баллу за вопрос)

Task 2

Study the advertisement.

You are considering buying the appliance and now you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask five direct questions to find out about the following:

1) departure date
2) travel time
3) return ticket price
4) discounts for students
5) buying the ticket online

ВАРИАНТ ОТВЕТА :

1) departure date

What is the departure date?

How long is the travel time?

3) return ticket price

What is the return ticket price?

4) discounts for students

Are there any discounts for students?

5) buying the ticket on-line

Can I buy the ticket on-line?

В этом задании вам необходимо выбрать картинку (одну из трёх) и описать её.

Подготовка – 1.5 минуты
Время ответа – 2 минуты
Балы за это задание – 7 баллов

These are photos from your photo album. Choose one photo to describe to your friend.

You will have to start speaking in 1.5 minutes and will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). In your talk remember to speak about:

● where and when the photo was taken
● what/who is in the photo
● what is happening
● why you keep the photo in your album
● why you decided to show the picture to your friend

You have to talk continuously, starting with: “I’ve chosen photo number …”

ВАРИАНТ ОТВЕТА:

“I’ve chosen photo number one”

ВВЕДЕНИЕ:

Taking photos is my hobby. If I have an opportunity to take a good picture I never miss it. I have a picture to show you.

● where and when the photo was taken

This photo was taken a few years ago in Egypt where I took a vacation with my family.

● what / who is in the photo

In the photo you can see beautiful corals and a school of yellow fish.

● what is happening

I was taking a scuba diving lesson and took my camera, which allowed me to film underwater. As soon as the school of fish saw me they started swimming away. The underwater landscape view was amazing.

● why you keep the photo in your album

I keep this photo in my album because it looks really beautiful and colorful. It reminds me of that fantastic time that we spent there.

● why you decided to show the picture to your friend

You know. I’ve decided to show you this picture because you’ve never been to Egypt and you have always wanted to take a few scuba diving lessons. Don’t give up on this idea. A lot of positive emotions are waiting for you.

Now you know how the underwater realm looks like. Hope you will enjoy doing it.

That’s all I wanted to say. ( о бязательная фраза для экзаменатора, говорящая о завершении ответа)

Вот что получилось:

I’ve chosen photo number one. Taking photos is my hobby. If I have an opportunity to take a good picture I never miss it. I have a picture to show you.

This photo was taken a few years ago in Egypt where I took a vacation with my family. In the photo you can see beautiful corals and a school of yellow fish. I was taking a scuba diving lesson and took my camera, which allowed me to film underwater. As soon as the school of fish saw me they started swimming away. The underwater landscape view was amazing. I keep this photo in my album because it looks really beautiful and colorful. It reminds me of that fantastic time that we spent there. You know. I’ve decided to show you this picture because you’ve never been to Egypt and you have always wanted to take a few scuba diving lessons. Don’t give up on this idea. A lot of positive emotions are waiting for you. Now you know how the underwater realm looks like. Hope you will enjoy doing it.

That’s all I wanted to say.

В этом задании вы должны сравнить две фотографии, следуя предложенному вам плану.

Подготовка – 1.5 минуты
Время ответа – 2 минуты
Балы за это задание – 7 баллов

Study the two photographs. In 1.5 minutes be ready to compare and contrast the photographs:

● give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

● say what the pictures have in common
● say in what way the pictures are different
● say which kind of life you’d prefer
● explain why

You will speak for not more than 2 minutes (12–15 sentences). You have to talk continuously.

ВАРИАНТ ОТВЕТА:

I found two pictures in my album and I am going to compare and contrast them.

1. give a brief description of the photos (action, location)

In both pictures you can two see views. The first picture shows a big city with a bridge and skyscrapers. The second one depicts a countryside view with a hill, road, village houses and trees.

2. say what the pictures have in common

These pictures have some things in common. First of all, these are two kinds of settlements, a village and city ones. Second, in both pictures we can see houses. It looks like early morning. Perhaps summer.

3. say in what way the pictures are different

There are some differences as well. First, it’s a city and a village. One looks strict and official whereas the other soft and relaxing. In the first picture there are a bridge and a river, in the second one a hill and a road. The houses are different as well. One is big, concrete and high, compared to small, cozy and tranquil.

4. say which kind of life you’d prefer

Personally, I would prefer city life. I’ve been living in a big city for a long time and I feel quite comfortable there.

Big cities give a lot of opportunities and I like it. A lot of new and interesting events take place in big cities and I like taking part in it.

That’s it, thank you for listening. ( о бязательная фраза для экзаменатора, говорящая о завершении ответа )

Вот что получилось:

I found two pictures in my album and I am going to compare and contrast them.

In both pictures you can two see views. The first picture shows a big city with a bridge and skyscrapers. The second one depicts a countryside view with a hill, road, village houses and trees.

These pictures have some things in common. First of all, these are two kinds of settlements, a village and city ones. Second, in both pictures we can see houses. It looks like early morning. Perhaps summer.

There are some differences as well. First, it’s a city and a village. One looks strict and official whereas the other soft and relaxing. In the first picture there are a bridge and a river, in the second one a hill and a road. The houses are different as well. One is big, concrete and high, compared to small, cozy and tranquil.

Personally, I would prefer city life. I’ve been living in a big city for a long time and I feel quite comfortable there.

Big cities give a lot of opportunities and I like it. A lot of new and interesting events take place in big cities and I like taking part in it.

That’s it, thank you for listening.

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in

ЕГЭ. Устная часть. Задание 1.

Критерии оценки задания

Тренировочные задания

Text 1

As soon as spring brings a new growth of bushes and berries, bears start feeding. They eat and eat. All through the spring and summer their feeding goes on. The bears build themselves up. They store food and fats that they will need in the fall when they start their long sleep.

As days grow shorter, and the temperature begins to fall, bears hunt for a sleeping place. It may be a shallow cave, or a deep crack between rocks. Some bears end up sleeping in hollow logs. Logs seem to be bears’ favourite places. Bears seem to choose small spaces. They can keep warmer in a cave that’s just large enough to hold them than in a larger cave. They often line their sleeping place with leaves and dried grass.

All through their winter naps, bears will not eat. Often they will sleep for 7 months, moving only now and then. (152)

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in. There are different reasons why people drained swamplands. Some were drained to fight diseases caused by insects that lived in them. Because swamps were considered unpleasant places in which to live and harmful to health, many people thought that unless they were drained the land was worthless.

Other swamps were drained to make new land. As the population grew and more land was needed, people drained swamps or filled them to make room for more farms and factories, more roads and airports.

Few people thought that it might be harmful to get rid of swamps. As swamps disappeared, other things happened. There were both more floods and more droughts than before. There were also more fires, for swamps had acted as firebreaks. Hunters noticed that there was less wild game. Wild life that once lived in the swamps was dying out, because it had no place to live. (160)

The word “ecology” comes from two Greek words which mean “household” and “study”. In “The Riddle of the Universe”, he applied the term “ecology” to the “relation of the animal both to its organic as well as its inorganic environment”.

Ecologists study organisms in various kinds of environments by looking for patterns of interaction. An organism’s environment includes both other organisms and physical surroundings. It involves relationships among individuals within a population and among individuals of different populations. These interactions among individuals, among populations, and between organisms and their environment from ecological systems, or ecosystems. (161)

You don’t see many birds in winter. Most have left your area. Those that stay are not as active. Activity uses energy that is needed to keep warm.

The worst problems for birds in winter are getting enough heat and holding on to the heat once it is made. These are problems for all the birds. But it is especially true for very small ones. They cannot find enough food. The weather stays so cold for so long that they cannot eat enough to keep alive. But birds have many ways of fighting the cold.

You shiver to keep warm. The heat that you make is made mostly in your muscles. The muscles make more heat when they are active. So one way of keeping warm is to move about, use your muscles. Another way is to shiver. When your body needs heat, the muscles tighten and loosen quickly. They become active. Just as you shiver to keep warm, so do birds. (162)

They have used writing to try to understand spiritual life and to create religions. They have created educational books to teach their young and they have written about their feelings and emotions in poetry, drama, song and story. (147)

Because birds have such fine eyesight, they are hard to approach. Bird watchers use binocularis to study birds. One way to watch them up without using binocularis is to go to a place they go to often. Sit still, keep quiet, and wait until they come. Soon they will be doing things all round you.

You may get too close to the animals you are watching. Always stay at a distunce that is easy for them and for you. Do not disturb nesting birds. And never approach an animal that is with its young. Wild animal parents can be very protective. If you come upon a baby animal that looks like it’s alone, let it be. Mother may be watching you from a hiding place nearby.

Do not touch or corner a wild animal. Never follow an animal into places you don’t know. There is no such thing as a tame wild animal.(153)

Some paintings found in different caves around the world are recognized as the work of Stone Age artists. But what was the purpose of the paintings? Why were they hidden in a dark room where there is no evidence that cave people lived?

No one really knows, but there is one theory that makes great sense. It is called the theory of Sympathetic Magic. According to this, the cave people believed that if they could make a likeness of an animal, they could put a spell over it. This spell would give the tribe power over the live animal.

What was the family life like in ancient Scandinavia? Most Viking male population was allround handymen, but some had special skills. You could find boat-builders, potters, leatherworkers and smiths. Most Viking men knew how to handle a boat and most of them could fight if they had to, to protect the family or to support their chief.

Women were known to work at home and bear responsibility for household chores. They baked bread, did spinning and weaving, turning sheep wool into cloth and items they would wear. They looked after their children, made the family’s clothes and cooked two meals which most families had daily. On the farm, women milked the cows and made cheese. Viking children helped their parents and did not attend school. However, they were not illiterate. They learned Viking history, religion and law from stories and songs, not from books. By the age of 15 or 16 they were considered adults. It was common for girls’ fathers to choose their future husbands. (166)

In the late 1500s, in Italy, a man named Andrea Amati set out to create a beautiful instrument. He determined it should have an hourglass-shaped body with four strings attached to it. It should also have a beautiful neck and fingerboard. The instrument was called the violin and it went on to be one of the most popular instruments of all time.

The people who played the violin were called violinists. To play the violin, they used a stick, called a bow. The bow was made of wood and horse hair. As the horse hair brushed across the strings, it caused them vibration. The vibration was how the strings made music.

The violin became part of a family of instruments called string instruments. Its cousins were the viola and cello. Of all the string instruments, the violin had the highest voice. With its beautiful voice, it could be used to convey all sorts of emotion in music. (157)

When beauty queens of former times and nowadays are compared, it is obvious that they have become much slimmer. An appearance which was considered normal 50 years ago is rare today. In order to be as slim as fashion demands, they are compelled to go around starving.

Most women today feel that they are under an obligation to be slim. This results in an increasing number of them getting eating disorders. Cultural idealization of thinness, which is in fact anorexia, and youthfulness have both contributed to eating disorders affecting diverse groups of population.

Food containing a lot of sugar and fat dominates the market and if eaten regularly and not in moderation it can soon cause an increase in weight. A person can get problems with self-image and eating through ideals which are spread by mass media. Many young women with a normal body shape develop an idea that they are overweight and start slimming even though it is harmful for them.(162)

Islands that appear and disappear are certainly part of the world’s legends. But in 1963, with the aid of cameras and scientific observers, some of those legends were given a solid basis of fact. For example, on November 14, 1963, a kind of miracle occurred. An island was born.

On that day a fishing boat sailed into waters that were boiling and rolling and foul with a strong smell. The world still had a hard time believing the miracle that was to occur. It was the first time that scientists were to witness the unexpected birth of an underwater island.

First the engineer, then the captain, and at last the cook were aware of the awful smell and the peculiar roll of the sea. But it was the cook who first noticed the smoke. He thought there was a ship in trouble somewhere on the seas. (146)

The mystery of why trees don’t stop growing is still unsolved. Human beings usually stop growing sometime during their teens. Many animals reach full growth within a year. Others are fully grown in just a few years. Birds and insects also stop growing at a certain age. But trees keep growing as long as they live.

Trees live, grow, and reproduce themselves by an amazing process. The thousands of leaves put forth by the tree breathe for it and manufacture its food. Its root system gathers minerals and vast quantities of water. To carry this water to the leaves, the tree is equipped with an intricate circulation system that extends upward from the millions of root hairs through the trunk and branches. The trunk holds the leaves up to the sunlight, sends them water from the roots, and gets food back from them. Then seeds are borne in flowers or cones. (151)

Использованные материалы:

Many lands that had once been swamps were drained or filled in

Само задание состоит из 4-х частей, которые включают в себя следующие пункты:

Задание №1. прочитать текст – 1 балл
Задание №2. задать (прямые) вопросы – 5 баллов
Задание №3. описание картинки – 7 баллов
Задание №4. сравнение двух картинок – 7 баллов

ИТОГО: 20 баллов

В этом задании вам необходимо прочитать правильно текст, не допустив ошибок. Давайте разберём это задание на демоверсии 201 7 года.

Подготовка – 1.5 минуты
Время выполнения – 1.5 минуты
Балы за это задание – 1 балл

Task 1/1

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

The first maps were drawn by explorers to help them find their way home and show people where they had been. The maps showed the shape of the land, distances between places and special features such as caves and old trees. Nowadays, maps show the towns and villages, and the roads, railways, rivers and mountains. Symbols are used to show all the different things on a map and there is a key to explain what the symbols stand for.

Over the centuries, people explored most of the Earth and put together the map of the world we use today. Maps of the world or large areas are often either “political” or “physical”. The political map shows territorial borders. The purpose of the physical map is to show features of geography such as mountains, soil type or land use including roads, railroads and buildings.