The attack that changed his life

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Against all odds- 3 amazing stories of survival

1. Lost in the rainforest

On the Christmas Eve of 1971, 17- year old Juliane Köpcke and her mother took a flight to Peru to see her father, a famous zoologist working in the rainforest there. The airline they used, LANSA, had a bad reputation, but they desperately wanted to spend Christmas with Juliane’s father.

At first, everything went smoothly. 25 minutes into the flight, however, the plane flew into some dense, dark clouds and suddenly started to shake. Then, Juliane and her mother saw a bright flash of light to their right and felt the plane suddenly tilt forward into a nosedive. The frightened passengers started screaming as their Christmas presents and other items were flying around chaotically in the plane. After a few terrifying moments, the airplane exploded and fell apart in midair. Juliane was thrown out of the plane by the force of the explosion. She felt herself spinning around in the air and lost consciousness.

When Juliane came to, she found herself in the middle of the dense rainforest, still strapped into her seat. Her right eye was swollen shut, her collarbone was broken and her body was covered in bruises and cuts. Her mother was nowhere to be found. She was completely alone, the only survivor amidst the wreckage.

Fortunately, Juliane remembered the advice her father had given her on surviving in the wilderness. He had advised her to follow water downstream to find civilization. Luckily, she found a stream of water nearby and started walking downstream.

She trekked through the knee-deep water, battling exhaustion, sleep deprivation and starvation. A fly laid eggs into her wounds, which then became infested with maggots. Sometimes she saw a crocodile, but thanks to what her father had taught her, she knew not to fear them as they rarely attack humans.

After an incredible 9 days without sleep, food and shelter, she finally reached a small cabin. She sat down and waited for the owners to come. A couple hours later, the lumbermen staying there returned and got her back to safety. She later found out that her mother had died alongside all the other 92 passengers and crew on the flight. Juliane now works as a librarian in Germany and lives a calm life.

2. Alone on the ocean

On January 29, 1982, Steven Callahan, sailor and marine architect, went sailing on the Atlantic ocean on a boat he had built himself, the Napoleon Solo. He wanted to travel from Canary Islands to the Caribbean. But nature had other plans. 6 days into his journey, his boat capsized and he was forced to abandon it.

Steven was now alone, drifting out on the ocean in his lifeboat. He had a solar device that distills water, 8 pints of water and 3 pounds of food. He decided to make the situation as normal as possible and set up a daily routine for himself. Every morning he would exercise and spend the rest of the day finding creative ways to measure time and distance.

Pretty soon, he ran out of food. Alone, starving, lost and sunburnt by the harsh tropical sun, it was not easy to keep up his spirits. But Steven found some company and nourishment in the form of a large pack of fish that followed him across the ocean. He made a spear and could catch them, solving the food problem.

With no way of making his presence known, he had to watch 9 ships pass him by without noticing him. But Steven still had hope of surviving and held on for an incredible 2 and a half months, longer than anyone else had ever survived adrift on the ocean.

In the end, he had the pack of fish following him to thank for his survival. Not only did they provide him with food and company, they also caused birds to gather around his lifeboat. A fishing boat saw the birds, and assumed there would be fish there. That caused them to find Steven and get him to safety.

Steven has written a book about his adventure called «Adrift». He has also used what he learned from his experience to invent several different lifeboats to help other sailors survive similar situations.

3. The attack that changed his life

Paul Templer was always an adventurer and wildlife enthusiast. He had spent years travelling the world to pursue adventure and excitement, before finally deciding to leave all that behind and start living a more ordinary life. He started his own business and worked as a river guide in Zimbabwe, giving river tours on canoes.

During one otherwise ordinary tour in 1996, his life was changed drastically. He was guiding the tourists down the Zambezi river, like he had many times before. All of a sudden, a bull hippo attacked one of the canoes, throwing another guide into the water. Paul rushed to help the guide, but the hippo now went after him instead. The animal got his head into it’s mouth and pinned down his arms with it’s teeth.

He was pulled underwater by the hippo, but managed to break himself free and swim to the surface. But the hippo wasn’t about to give up that easy. The animal attacked Paul several more times, biting into his foot and arm, breaking his ribs, and ripping into his back and chest with it’s gigantic teeth. The hippo then left him for dead.

Paul’s wounds were so massive the operation needed to save his life took 7 hours. His left arm had to be amputated. The doctors said it was a miracle he survived. After the operation, he had to go through 2 tough years of rehabilitation and therapy. It was a lot to cope with and he battled depression the whole time. He eventually found the strength to move on with his life and live it to the fullest.

He returned to the Zambezi river and, with a specially adapted kayak paddle, lead a three-month nine-man expedition which made him famous. Paul used the publicity of the expedition to launch his nonprofit organization called Make A Difference, which supports disabled and terminally ill children all over the world. He now lives in America with his wife and 3 children and owns a successful motivational speaking and coaching business.

(26-30) 5 Тренировочные тесты для подготовки к ЕГЭ

Тесты помогут учащимся развить многие важные умения, ещё глубже проникнуть в закономерности и особенности английского языка, научить использовать их в речи. А значит и по-настоящему подготовиться к важному экзамену. Разнообразные задания будут полезны для практики. повторения и самопроверки своих навыков и умений.

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«(26-30) 5 Тренировочные тесты для подготовки к ЕГЭ»

King Midas (from the ancient Greece mythology)

King Midas was a very kind man who ruled his kingdom fairly. But he didn’t always think very deeply about what he said. One day, while walking in his garden, he saw an elderly satyr asleep among the flowers. Taking pity on him, King Midas let him go without punishment. When the god Dionysus heard about it, he rewarded King Midas by granting him one wish. The king thought for only a second and then said: “I wish for everything I touch to turn to gold.” And so it was. The beautiful flowers in his garden turned toward the sun for light, but when Midas touched them, they stood hard and gold. The king grew hungry and thin, because each time he tried to eat, he found that his meal was gold. His lovely daughter, at his loving touch, turned to gold. His water, his bed, his clothes, his friends, and the whole palace was gold. King Midas saw that soon his whole kingdom would turn to gold unless he did something right away. He asked Dionysus to take back his golden touch. Because the king was ashamed and very sad, Dionysus took pity on him and fulfilled his request. Instantly, King Midas was poorer, but richer, he felt, in the things that teally count.

Midas was a good king for his country._____

King Midas followed the rule: first think, then do!_____

Dionysus rewarded King Midas for his kindness to the elderly person._____

Dionysus’s reward was gold._____

It took King Midas hours to think of his wish._____

King Midas turned all his servants to gold._____

Midas was happy to eat from gold plates._____

King Midas loved his daughter so much that he gave her all gold in the kingdom._____

At first Dionysus was angry with Midas and didn’t want to turn everything back by his request._____

At the end King Midas felt happy though he had lost wealth._____

Прочитайте текст. Используйте слова, написанные в скобках, для образования слов так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

When a problem (11)___(come) up at school, I tend to think it over for a while, and I can usually sort it out (12)___(my). If it is a (13)___(big) problem, then sometimes I need to sleep on it and come back to it in the morning. If it (14)___(be) a problem with my family, and I can’t make up my mind to do, I can usually talk it over with my (15)___(good) friend. She can nearly always come up with an idea that (16)___(help). And if I have a problem with (17)__(she) well, it usually just goes away by itself.

Endangered Animals in Kazakhstan: Saiga Antelope

Population: the fall in Saiga antelope populations has been (18)___(drama). There are 50,000 Saigas today. Habitat and (19)___(behave): the Saigas live in very large families in semi-desert steppes eating several species of plants, (20)___(include) some that are (21)___(poison) to other animals. They can run long distances and swim to cross rivers. Threats: (22)___(hunt). Today the Saiga is hunted for its meat. Besides, the horns are used in traditional (23)____(China) medicine. How you can help: share this (24)__(inform) with others for the (25)___(important) of Saiga conservation. Join the (26)___(organize) on the Saiga conservation, support anti-poaching activities.

The Attack That Change His Life

Paul Templer was always an adventurer and wildlife enthusiast. He spent years travelling the world. He started his own business and worked as a river guide in Zimbabwe, giving river tours on canoes. During one ordinary tour, his life was changed drastically. He was guiding the tourists down the Zambezi River. All of a sudden, a hippo attacked one of the canoes, throwing another guide into the water. Paul rushed to help the guide, but the hippo went after him. The hippo pulled him underwater, but Paul managed to break himself free and swim to the surface. But the hippo wasn’t about to give up that easily. The animal attacked Paul several more times, biting into his foot and arm, breaking his ribs, with its gigantic teeth. The hippo then left him for dead. Paul’s wounds were so massive, the operation needed to save his life took 7 hours. His left arm was amputated. The doctors said it was a miracle he survived. After the operation, he had to go through 2 years of rehabilitation and therapy. He found the strength to move on with his life and live it to the fullest. He returned to the Zambezi River and, led a three-month expedition which made him famous.

Paul Templer always liked wildlife._____

He visited many countries in Europe and America._____

Paul preferred to live and work in Europe._____

Paul enjoyed his work as a guide on the Zambezi River._____

Paul was a good friend ready to help in difficult situations._____

The hippo injured Paul badly._____

The other guide saved Paul from death._____

Famous doctors operated on Paul._____

After the operation Paul couldn’t even think of being a guide on the river._____

Paul had a strong will and brave heart to continue his life as he liked._____

Прочитайте текст. Используйте слова, написанные в скобках, для образования слов так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста.

Nobody really (11)___(know)for sure how fast the planet is heating up. Experts do know however that if we (12)___(not do) something about it, the problem will continue to get (13)___(bad) scientists blame fossil fuels for global warming. When you burn oil, it (14)__(produce) greenhouse gasses. These greenhouse gasses are trapped in the atmosphere and prevent heat escaping into space and make the Earth (15)__(warm). Deforestation (16)___(add) to the problem. Slowing down global warming is a very difficult task. People believe that if the Earth (17)___(keep) getting warmer, animals may become extinct and there may be more storms and floods.

Why Is Food Throwing So Popular in Spain?

ЕГЭ: Задание 51 на текст и выбор ответов на вопросы к тексту

Прочитайте текст и выберите правильные ответы к данным ниже вопросам. Проверьте себя по ключу.

It started with a casual phone call in the spring of 2005. A good friend, Mike Crenshaw, finally got a permit from the National Park Service to lead a private party of 16 boaters down the Colorado River. He had a slot open for Willie. Was he interested?

‘It was the chance of a lifetime,’ Stewart says. He had been waiting years for this trip to happen. ‘How could I refuse?’

But before they shoved off, he had a couple of things to take care of. He had to get a white-water kayak, learn how to use it, and get a prosthesis to replace his missing arm.

The trip was still about four months off and Stewart figured he had time to master the needed skills for white-water kayaking. He spent hours practising in the university pool and in a creek down the road from his house. Over and over, he flipped himself upside down so he could work on his Eskimo roll in which he uses his paddle and a little hip action to flip himself upright. Finally, figuring he was ready, Stewart headed for the Grand Canyon.

Even with all his training, he was barely prepared for the adventure. At the first significant rapids, a middling run of white water called Badger Creek, Stewart was thrown out of his boat. He recalls how demoralized he felt as he swam to shore. Farther downriver at a place called House Rock, he was knocked over four times. He made it through mostly because he’d mastered one good move: the Eskimo roll.

At another set of rapids, Horn Creek, he got sucked into a violent implosion of water that held him in a swirling maelstrom for several terrifying seconds. At the next, Hance, which was full of rocks, Stewart says, ‘I was upside down, backward — basically, I was bounced down the river like a rubber ball.’ He was figuratively, and literally, in over his head.

Stewart decided that to even pretend he knew what he was doing would be pure suicide. From then on, he followed more experienced paddlers through the thundering waters and relied on his Eskimo roll for emergencies. Up until now, even after his injury, Stewart had dominated just about every competition he entered. Here in the canyon, he realized, he might have met his match.

The Colorado can be a brutal adversary. It flows at the rate of anywhere from 10,000 to 30,000 cubic feet every second. It has roughly 100 named, or significant, rapids and a dozen smaller ones, all more than capable of trashing Stewart and his little plastic boat. And then there is the cold. Water temperature seldom gets above the high 40s. Some stretches are so chilly that boaters are warned not to swim in them at all. The shock of immersion can cause muscle exhaustion and drowning, even a heart attack.

After about a week and a half, Stewart had made it 90 miles. ‘I couldn’t believe I was still alive,’ he admits. ‘It was pure luck.’ His luck was about to change.

He had been dreading the huge rapids called Crystal. Rapids in the Grand Canyon are rated one to ten in degree of difficulty, ten being the meanest. Stewart began his attack by dodging an enormous whirlpool. Paddling frantically, he slipped past a wall of waves powerful enough to flip a boat twice the size of his, and skirted what one guide called a ‘raft-ripping rock.’

But he still wasn’t finished. There was a second half to navigate, a treacherous, boulder-strewn run euphemistically called the Rock Garden. To Stewart’s relief, he wove through it all without getting tipped over once.

Shortly afterward, the river took a sharp left turn where he had to negotiate a little set of white water, coincidentally called Willies Necktie. The danger here is the way the current drives boats into the crook of the turn on the right side. The way to avoid it is to stay on the left. Stewart knew that, but he dropped his guard, making a deadly mistake. He drifted right.

Before he could make the correction, his boat slammed into a boulder and flipped. Tons of rushing water pinned him against the canyon wall. He tried to do his Eskimo roll, but his right arm — the one he always used to pull himself up — was jammed against the rock. Somehow he had to get himself vertical using his prosthesis.

Stewart fought hard, pushing up again and again, each time getting a few gasps of air before being submerged. Exhausted, freezing, running out of room to breathe, he thought he had one more try left in him. Gathering his last bit of energy, he lunged for the surface. This time, his paddle blade caught just right, and he pulled himself upright.

After a little less than a minute, the current spun him around and slammed him into a rock. Before he’d even caught his breath, Stewart was underwater again. Luckily, this time someone saw him go down.

Timmy O’Neill was an experienced kayaker on his fifth Canyon run. He quickly pad-died across the river to help, arriving just in time to see Stewart’s kayak pop to the surface. Several long seconds later, Stewart bobbed up. As he reached for O’Neill’s kayak, they were both sucked into a hole of churning water. Finally, the river spit them out, and Stewart discovered he had a new problem. His paddle, strapped to his prosthesis, was acting like an anchor, dragging him toward the next set of rapids. He had to decide: keep the arm and drown, or cut it loose. Frantic, he clawed at the tight straps, finally getting them free. Then he felt the current drag everything away. ‘My arm,’ he gasped. It was gone.

‘I was devastated,’ Stewart recalls. Here he was at the 100-mile mark, less than halfway, and for all practical purposes the trip was over.

ВОПРОС 1. Willie Stewart
1) was an experienced kayaker.
2) had a white-water kayak.
3) was disabled.
4) had been to the Grand Canyon before.

ВОПРОС 2. Before heading for the Grand Canyon, Stewart spend a lot of time
1) practising a self-rescue technique.
2) studying at University.
3) swimming in the pool.
4) looking for a prosthesis.

ВОПРОС 3. After a set of rapids, Stewart understood that
1) he was well prepared for the adventure.
2) he was having the best match in his life.
3) he didn’t have necessary skills to succeed.
4) his adventure was a pure suicide.

ВОПРОС 4. Boaters are advised not to swim in some stretches because
1) of their dangerous rapids.
2) the water is too cold in them.
3) the current is too strong.
4) they are very deep.

ВОПРОС 5. Stewart went in the wrong direction after
1) Crystal.
2) a ‘raft-ripping rock’.
3) the Rock Garden.
4) Willies Necktie.

ВОПРОС 6. Willie had difficulty in doing his Eskimo roll because
1) the water was too cold.
2) he was exhausted.
3) he was running out of room to breathe.
4) he could not use his right arm.

ВОПРОС 7. Stewart managed to escape the next set of rapids
1) with the help of O’Neill.
2) after doing his Eskimo roll.
3) by disposing of his prosthesis.
4) holding on to the straps.

ВОПРОС 1: – 3
ВОПРОС 2: – 1
ВОПРОС 3: – 3
ВОПРОС 4: – 2
ВОПРОС 5: – 3
ВОПРОС 6: – 4
ВОПРОС 7: – 3

The attack that changed his life

Lifestyles

Exercise 1. Read the text and choose the right options to complete the sentences.

Family life in England

Hi, my name is Craig. 1 am English because I was born in Eng­land, but l’m British because England is а part of Great Britain and is in the UK. 1 live in а typical English family. I have а father, а mother and а sister and we all live together in а house in the south-eastern part of England. At the back of our house there is а small garden.

We usually соте back home at 4 o’clock. Dad gets home at about 6 o’clock. We eat together at about 7. I help Mum to wash up after dinner. I also tidy my bedroom. ln the evenings I usually do my homework before watching telly. Mum sometimes helps me with my homework. Му family likes to watch Eastenders and Coronation Street (English soap operas).

On Thursdays I go to karate and my sister goes to ballet оn Wednesdays. I am а Cub Scout and l like going camping. l like building fire and cooking оn it. lt is fun sleeping in the tents too.

We usually go camping about twice а year. 1 enjoy playing оп my computer and skateboarding. 1 have а pet rabЬit called Sooty. 1 bet you сап guess what colour it is. Black, of course.

1. It takes Craig ______ to get ready for school in the morning.
a) an hour and а half;
b) an hour;
с) half an hour.

2. Craig’s father works with computers and his mother is ______.
а) а doctor;
b) а librarian;
с) а teacher.

3. During the lunch break Craig usually ______.
а) eats in the school canteen;
b) goes to his mother’s school;

с) eats food that he brings from home.

с) old civilizations.

5. Craig usually has dinner ______.

а) when the whole family is at home;

b) whenever he likes;

6. After dinner Craig ______.

а) reads and watches ТV;

b) does some house chores;

с) helps his father with the computer.

а) climbing mountains;

b) going in for sport;

с) going camping.

8. While camping Craig learns to ______.

а) play on the computer;

с) set tents and make fires.

Exercise 2. Read the text and mark the statements True (Т), False (F), Not Stated (NS).

1. The lady’s dream was to write novels in the countryside.
2. They loved their new house· because it was modern and close to Nature.
3. Their beach style house was too far from London.
4. The wife and the husband enjoyed their country life.
5. They often went to London to see their children and friends.
6. lt took the wife three years to realize how much she missed London life.
7. lt was impossible to move back to the city.
8. Jim and his wife were very happy to return to London.
9. They remember their country adventure with pleasure.
10. They often go to Suffolk to see their new friends.

Exercise 3. Match the titles to the descriptions of the landmarks of England. One title is extra.

А. А MOVEABLE CONSTRUCТION

В. ТНЕ PLACE ТО REMEMBER HEROES

С. ТНЕ MONUMENT OF ТНЕ PAST

D. ТНЕ HEART OF LONDON

Е. ТНЕ ROYAL RESIDENCE

1. Hadrian’s Wall is the most important monument built bу the Romans in Britain. lt was а fortification (укрепление) in Roman Britain, 120 km long from the North Sea in the east to the lrish Sea in the west. The Romans began building it in AD 122, during the rule of Emperor Hadrian. Hadrian worked оп reforms and united the Roman provinces. Не built the wall to keep Roman Britain safe from attacks. For much of its length, you сап walk оп foot or go bу bjke bу Hadrian’s Wall Path. lt is the most pop­ular tourist attraction in Northern England.

2. Buckingham Palace is the Queen’s official and main royal London home and workplace. lt is situated in Westminster. The palace is а setting for state occasions. The building was for the Duke of Buckingham in 1705. George 111 bought it in 1761 as а private residence for Queen Charlotte, and it was known as «The Queen.’s House». Buckingham Palace finally became the official royal palace of the British monarch and Queen Victoria was the first monarch to Jive there in 1837. Buckingham Palace is used also for the administrative work for the monarchy. lt is here in the state apartments that Her Majesty receives and entertains guests invited to the Palace.

3. London’s Tower Bridge is one of the most famous bridges in the world. The east of London became extremely crowded in the 19th century and а bridge across the Thames in that part of the city was а necessity. Оп June 30th, 1894, the Tower Bridge was opened bу Кing Edward VII. The design of the Tower Bridge was done Ьу Ногасе Jones and Wolfe Barry, The architects decided to create а moveable bridge to allow big ships to pass. The mechanism to open the bridge is in the two towers. The middle part of the bridge is lifted up when Ьig ships pass through that way. ln the past, the bridge was lifted nearly 50 times реr day.

4. The Cenotaph is а war memorial situated in Whitehall, Lon­don. lt was built as а temporary structure for а реасе parade at the end of World War 1. Later а war memorial replaced it. Each year а National Service is held there оп Sunday, the nearest Sunday to 11 November (Armis1ice Day) to remember soldiers who died in the two World Wars and la1er conflicts. The monarch, religious leaders, politicians соте to рау respect to those who gave their lives defending others. Everybody observes two-minute silence. The ceremony ends with а march of war veter­ans, а gesture of respect for their fallen comrades.

Tale time

Exercise 1. Read the text and choose the right options to complete the sentences.

The Princess and the Реа

after Hans Christian Andersen

Once upon а time there was а Prince who wanted to marry а princess, but а real princess. Не travelled all over the world to find one, but nowhere could he get what he wanted. There were i1 а lot of princesses, but it was difficult to find out whether they; I were real ones. There was always something about them that 1 was not as it should Ье. So he came back home and was sad. One evening а terrible storm came оп; there was thunder and lightning, and the rain poured down. Suddenly somebody knocked оп the city gate, and the old Кing went to open it. lt was а Princess standing in front of the gate. But, good gracious! She looked horrible because of the rain and the wind. The water ran down from her hair and clothes. And yet she said that she was а real princess. «Well, we’II soon find that cut», thought the old Queen. But she said nothing, went into the 1 bedroom, took all the bedding off the bedstead, and laid а реа оn the bottom. Then she took twenty mattresses and laid·them; оn the реа, and then twenty blankets оn top of the mattresses. Оn this the princess had to lie all night. ln the morning ·they 1 asked her «How did you sleep?» «Oh, very badly!» she said. «I have scarcely closed my eyes all night. Heaven only knows what was in the bed, but I was lying оп something hard, so that I am blасk and bluе all over my body. lt’s horrible!» Now they knew that she was а real princess because she could feel the I реа right through the twenty mattresses and the twenty blan­kets. Nobody but а real princess could bе as sensitive as that. So the Prince took her for his wife, for now he knew that he had а real princess; and they put the реа in the museum, where you may still see it, if no one has stolen it. There, that is а true story.

The Prince wanted to marry а ______.
a). rich princess;

b). true princess;

с). foreign princess.

The Prince travelled а lot to find his future wife, but ______.
а). there were no.princesses in the countries he visited;

b). he didn’t know how to check if the princess was real;

с). he liked all the princesses he met.

The Prince was sad because ______.
а). he was tired of travelling;

b). he came back home;

с). he felt lonely.

The Princess standing bу the city gate was ______.

b). good and gracious;

The old Queen decided to ______.
а). make а soft bed for the princess;

b). check if she was а true princess;

с). help the Prince and Princess to make friends.

The Queen put а pea ______ the mattresses.
а). between;

The Princess ______ at night.

а). couldn’t sleep;

b). closed her eyes and slept well;

с). counted the mattresses;

The Princess ______.
а). found the реа under the mattresses;

b). was uncomfortaЫe to sleep оп the bed with the реа under the mattresses;

с). thanked the Queen for the soft bed.

The Prince and his family knew that she was а real princess because ______.

а). she was blасk and bluе all over her body;

b). she was horrible;

с). she was unhappy after а sleep оп 20 mattresses with а реа under them.

The Prince’s family thought that real princesses ______.
а). were very delicate and tender;

b). needed twenty mattresses оп their bed;

с). had to lie оп something hard.

Exercise 2. Read the text and mark the statements True (Т), False ( F), Not Stated (NS).

Mark Twain (Samuel Langhorne Clemens)

Samuel Langhorne Clemens was born оп November 30, 1835, Missouri, the USA. As а bоу he was often sick, but grew to bе healthy. Не was both adventurous and naughty. Не spent much of his time playing along the Mississippi River and in the woods nearby.

Не used to spend summers оп his uncle’s farm where he had а lot of friends. Qn,the farm, he also saw several disturbing inci­dents, including slave (раб) beatings and murder, which he later used as material for his novels.

Samuel’s father died in 1847, and he left school and became а printer’s assistant to help to support his family. Не left his home in 1853 to continue his printing work in New York, Philadelphia, and other places in the USA. From 1857 until the Civil War started in 1861, he sailed а riverboat оп the Mississippi River. After the war, he worked as а reporter under the pseudonym of «Mark Twain,» which was а boating phrase that indicated two fathoms (две сажени) of water. ln 1864, he went to San Francisco and wrote for magazines and newspapers.

ln 1866, he started travelling, visiting Hawaii, Europe, and the Middle East, studying people, gathering material for his writing. ln 1870, Samuel married Olivia Langdon. They had а son and three daughters. The family lived in Connecticut from 1871 until 1891. ln 1872, he published his first book. ln 1876, he published The Adventures of Тот Sawyer, and in 1885, he published The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. These books made his name world famous with children and teenagers.

Не received honorary degrees from Yale in 1901 and from the University of Missouri in 1902, and he received another honorary degree from Oxford in 1907. On April 21, 1910, Samuel Clemens died of angina.

1. Mark Twain was the original name of the author of The Adventures of Тот Sawyer.
2. Не was often ill in his childhood but he had по health problems in his adult life.
3. His house was оп the bank of the Mississippi River.
4. His uncle was very cruel to his slaves.
5. The impressions of his early days became the basis for many of the writer’s books.
6. Samuel graduated from the local university.
7. Не was а professional printer and then reporter.
8. Не got his реп name as а writer after the person he admired.
9. Mark Twain travelled to thirty countries.
10. The Adventures of Тот Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn are among famous works of the world literature for children.

Profiles

Exercise 1. Read the text and mark the statements True (Т), False (F), Not Stated (NS).

The Attack That Changed His Life

Paul Templer was always an adventurer and wildlife enthusiast. Не spent years travetting the world. Не started his own business and worked as а river guide in Zimbabwe, giving river tours оп canoes. During one ordinary tour, his life was changed drasti­cally. Не was guiding the tourists down the Zambezi River. AII of а sudden, а hippo attacked one of the canoes, throwing another guide into the water. Paul rushed to help the guide, but the hippo went after him. The hippo pulled him underwater, but Paul man­aged to break himself free and swim to the surface. But the hippo wasn’t about to give up that easily. The animal attacked Paul several more times, Ьiting into his foot and arm, breaking his ribs, with its gigantic teeth. The hippo then left him for dead. Paul’s wounds were so massive, the operation needed to save his life took 7 hours. His left arm was amputated. The doctors said it was а miracle he survived. After the operation, he had to go through 2 years of rehaЬilitation and therapy. Не found the strength to move оп with his life and live it to the fullest. Не re­turned to the Zambezi River and, led а three-month expedition which made him famous.

1. Paul Templer always liked wildlife.
2. Не visited many countries in Europe and America.
3. Paul preferred to live and work in Europe.
4. Paul enjoyed his work as а guide оп the Zambezi River.
5. Paul was а good friend ready to help in difficult situations.
6. The hippo injured Paul badly.
7. The other guide saved Paul from death.
8. Famous doctors operated оп Paul.
9. After the operation Paul couldn’t even think of being а guide оп the river.
10. Paul had а strong will and а brave heart to continue his life as he liked.

Exercise 2. Read the text and choose the right options to complete the sentences.

English Children in the Past

Things changed little for children during the 18th century. Chil­dren from poor families had to work as soon as they were аblе. When they were not working children played simple games. Dis­cipline was very strict.

For many children in the early 19th century things grew worse! The industrial revolution created many jobs and needed child labour (труд). When children worked in textile factories they often worked for more than 12 hours а day. ln 1833 the Parlia­ment passed а law. that didn ‘t allow children under 9 to work in textile factories. lt said that children aged 9 to 13 must not work for more than 12 hours а day or 48 hours а week. lt also said that children aged 13 to 18 must not work for more than 69 hours а week. Nobody under 18 was allowed to work at night (from 8.30 pm to 5.30 am). Children aged 9 to 13 had 2 hours of education а day. Conditions in coalmines were also terrible. Even children at the age of 5 worked underground. ln 1842 а law diqn’t allow children under 10 and women to work underground. ln the 19th century boys had to climb up chimneys to clean them. This bar­baric practice was ended bу the law in 1875. Gradually the law protected children more and more. ln the early 19th century the churches provided schools for poor children. From 1833 the government provided them with grants. There were also schools for girls. Usually women, who ran such schools, taught girls а lit­tle reading, writing, arithmetic, music and sewing. ln 1880 school became compulsory for 5 to 10 year olds. Middle class boys went to grammar schools. Discipline in 19th century schools was very strict. Beating children was norinal.

1. In the 18th century children who were _____ had to work.
а). naughty;

2. In the 19th century life became _____ for children.
a). easier;

b). more difficult;

c). more interesting.

3. Industrial revolution created _____.
а). new toys;

b). jobs for children;

с). different fun activities.

4. At the beginning of the 19th century children _____ because there was по law.

а). had to work long hours;

b). had по right to work;

c). worked only with their parents.

5. The Parliamentary law of 1833 didn’t allow children and teenagers _____.

а). to work in textile factories;

b). to work at night;

с). to get education.

6. The law changed the working hours for smaller children to _____ а week.
a). 12;
b). 48;
c). 13.

7. The worst conditions were in _____.
а). the textile factories;

с). rich people’s houses.

8. The most dangerous work was _____.
а). underground;

c). to climb chimneys.

Exercise 3. Read the text and mark the statements True (Т), False (F), Not Stated (NS).

The Person I Admire

Sometimes people соте into your life and you know they are to Ье there for some purpose, to teach you а lesson or to help you understand who you are. The people who you meet affect your life and your success and downfalls. They help to create who you become. Оп the first day of school our professor introduced himself and asked us to meet someone we didn’t know. I saw а wrinkled little old lady smJling at us. Her smile lit up her whole being. She said: «Hi, handsome. Му name is Rose. l’m 87 years old. l’ve always dreamed of college education and now l’m getting it.» We be­came friends. Every day for the next several months we left the class together and talked nonstop. She shared her wisdom and experience with me. At the end of the year Rose gave her grad­uation speech. «We do not stop playing because we are old; we grow old because we stop playing. There are only four secrets of staying young, being happy and achieving success. You are to laugh and find humour every day. You’ve got to have а dream. When you lose your dream you die. There is а huge difference between growing older and growing up. Аnуоnе саn grow older. That doesn’t take any ability or talent. The idea is to grow up bу finding а chance in change.» AII the students liked Rose. She taught us bу her example that it is never too late to bе all you сап possibly bе. We make а living bу what we get. We make а Life bу what we give.

1. The people you meet sometimes influence your life.
2. Rose was the youngest student at the college.
3. Rose was working for her second college degree.
4. Rose went to college when she was 20 but didn ‘t finish her education.
5. Rose easily made friends with younger students.
6. Rose explained that to bе happy you must have а good sense of humour.
7. Old реорlе,аге a/Ways happy.
8. Rose taught younger people to have and realise their dreams.