Transcript what is it

What is transcription? Everything you need to know about it

What is transcription? The differences between transcription types, how much transcription services cost, and how hardware such as transcription headphones and foot pedals can help you to turn audio to text more efficiently.

What is ‘Transcription’?

Transcribing or ‘transcription’ is a synonym for ‘writing out’ or ‘typing out’ and is a crucial part of qualitative research. During the research, discussions are often held (1-to-1 interviews, group discussions, focus groups, etc.) that have to be analyzed. The conversations must be typed out for the analysis.

If you have never had to deal with transcription, do not underestimate it!

Transcribing is a subject in its own right because there are different forms and guidelines to make the right transcript for the right application and because it is a time-consuming process.

What types of transcription are there?

There are 2 types of transcribing: verbatim and edited. Depending on the purpose of transcribing, one or the other is more suitable.

1. Verbatim transcription

Literal transcription, also called verbatim, aims to record the way “how something is said”. During literal transcribing a letter-by-letter transcript is written out which the speakers follow as accurately and completely as possible.

This also means that interjections, repetitions, stutters, interrupting words, and colloquial language is literally typed out, such as:

Examples of verbatim in a sentence:

When is it important to transcribe literally?

Transform your audio and
video to text and subtitles

2. Edited transcription

Edited transcription, also called ‘clean’ transcription, aims at the content of a conversation in a clearly legible form. Half sentences, aborted words, and interjections are ignored and the transcriptionist writes the conversation grammatically correct (as far as possible).

With an edited transcript, the content of a conversation is perfectly reproduced, while the way in which something is said is less important.

When is the edited transcription used?

Transcribing yourself or outsourcing?

If you have to make transcripts for an investigation or for another project, you have 2 choices. You either do it yourself (which takes a lot of time) or you outsource it and have it done by a professional agency (which of course costs money).

Outsourcing transcription

Transcription takes a lot of time. Transcribing an interview with a duration of 1 hour or a group conversation normally takes 5 to 6 hours.

For an investigation with 10 hours of interview material, you can easily lose 50-60 working hours.

There are tools such as software and hardware that can help you, but transcription remains a process that you should not underestimate. The question of whether you are going to do it yourself or whether you will outsource it is only a matter of the budget you have at your disposal.

Transcription by an agency

There are agencies on the market that specialize in transcribing interviews and group discussions. The advantage is that you often get the transcripts back quicker than if you hired a freelancer, and that you do not have to spend hours transcribing yourself.

When outsourcing, third parties are often less familiar with your research. It is therefore possible that your technical terms or product names are won’t be transcribed correctly. In addition, people who were not present during the conversation sometimes cannot understand words 100% correctly. Even though these are professional agencies, you can not expect the transcript to be 100% correct, but rather that it is 99% correct.

How much do transcription services cost?

The price for a transcript is determined on the basis of the length of the audio file. So you calculate, for example, per audio minute or per hour of audio.

Factors such as ‘number of speakers’, ‘comprehensibility’, ‘sound quality’, ‘edited VS verbatim’,’ with or without timestamps’ and ‘accents’ are reasons for many agencies to increase the price per audio minute.

The difference between the prices of different agencies is quite large. Currently, the market price per transcription minute is between 1.30 € and 5.00 € (including VAT). So transcribing an interview of 60 minutes can cost between 78.00 € and 300.00 €.

Transcribing yourself

Transcribing yourself takes a lot of time, but it also has the advantage that you dive into your own research. Every time you listen to the audio recording, you subconsciously already do a large part of your analysis. You understand what speakers mean and how something is said and then save valuable time during the actual analysis.

However, you don’t want to waste time. There are several tips to transcribe faster using the software, hardware, and a structured process.

Automatic transcription software

Transcription software is programs that make it easier to transcribe by, for example, offering shortcuts that automatically add timestamps or names of the speakers. You can also easily play and pause the audio. The biggest difference is whether you opt for software with or without automatic transcription.

Automatic transcription software such as Amberscript uses artificial intelligence and speech recognition to automatically transcribe interviews. You can upload your audio files and you will receive an automatically generated transcript.

Because the accuracy is rather sensitive to poor audio quality and because the technology is not perfect yet, you have to check and correct the automatic transcript again.

The advantage of automatic transcription is that you only have to correct it instead of having to write the whole text all over again. If your interviews are recorded with good quality, you can save a lot of time and thus transcribe more interviews in less time.

Non-automatic transcription software

There are a number of software tools that can help you save time during typing. In a handy editor, you can quickly type out the text, play the audio faster or slower, and insert time stamps. Here a short overview of the most common programs:

– F4 (Windows) and F5 (Mac):

F4 and F5 offer cheap student licenses (from € 25.00). The program is easy to operate and offers all the functionalities you need to transcribe quickly. So you can easily play and stop the text, you can set the speed of audio, you can easily name speakers, insert speaker changes and time stamps are automatically inserted.

– Dragon Naturally Speaking

Dragon is a dictation software that you can train with your own voice. Once the software has been trained, you can dictate texts error-free. This is called re-speaking. So you would listen to your interviews and repeat the text again via Dragon. Commands such as ‘full stop’, ‘comma’, and ‘new paragraph’ are also recognized. Dictation can save a lot of time, but you also have to spend some time training the software and you have to get used to ‘re-speaking’ techniques.

– Express Scribe:

Express Scribe is a cheap program that offers all the basic functionalities for transcribing. It offers convenient shortcuts that let you play or pause the audio more easily. The trial version is free.

Transcription hardware

Professional transcribers work with hardware that can make transcribing easier. This includes 2 things: A good headset (or ears) and a foot pedal.

– Transcription foot pedal

A foot pedal is used during transcribing to easily play and stop the sound while you are able to continue typing.

If you type out an interview of about 1 hour, the final document can often be 20 to 35 DiN A4 pages long. You will start and stop the audio thousands of times. A foot pedal ensures that you get into the workflow more easily and are interrupted less often.

Foot pedals are already available under 100 €. If you have to transcribe regularly, the investment is worth it!

In our experience, this product is the most suitable:

There are also total solutions available where, in addition to a foot pedal, you also get a good headset and transcription software, here’s an example.

– Transcription headphones

Audio quality is one of the most important factors for transcription. The sound recording must be good enough for people (or a machine) to understand words correctly, but the sound reproduction must also be good enough to understand nuances properly.

We always recommend transcribing with headphones or earphones. With speakers of, for example, a laptop or mobile phone, it is often difficult to understand unclear spoken words.

In addition to headsets or earphones on your mobile phone, over-ear headphones with noise-cancellation can be pleasant to shut yourself completely off from the outside world.

The Audio-Technica ATH-M20x Closed-back Monitoring Headphones is a good and affordable option, but any high-quality noise-canceling headphones would make a world of difference in helping you to distinguish the words in the audio.

An efficient process for transcribing

It is extremely easy to waste hours of time while transcribing. To avoid this, here are a few tips that make transcribing easier:

Summary – What is a transcription in a nutshell

Transcription is a crucial part of qualitative research. Make sure you choose the right transcription type for your project. As a guideline, we recommend using verbatim in a sentence if the intonation of the speakers is important. Edited transcription, however, focuses on the content of the interview and is easier to read.

What is a Transcript? (Quick and Easy answer) 3 min read

A transcript is gotten mostly in high schools or colleges. It is a document that includes all your accomplishments and results, whether in high school or college. Also, meaning “academic record” or “High school record” or even “College record”.

It consists of all your coursework, when you took them, what score or result you had in each course work; also whatever honour you have achieved.

The document bears the name of your school, course code of each course you studied, grades, and all the course requirements. In some contexts, especially in high school, the document may contain a student’s class rank.

Table of Contents

The types of transcript:

We have two major types:

Official transcript:

This academic record has a seal of the high school or college on it. This is to ascertain that no one tampers with it or changed anything after the school in question released it. The school in question sends the document to ascertain; there is no change at all.

Unofficial transcript:

This bears no seal on the envelope or inside the envelope. You can print out this particular transcript on your own. Since it doesn’t bear a seal, it didn’t come directly from your high school or college.

On the other hand, a college’s official electronic transcript, printed out, and rescanned with a scanner is invariably seen as a fake or unofficial document.

Reasons why one might need an Academic Record:

Apart from the question, “What is a Transcript?” one of the questions most students ask is, “Why do we need this document?”. The reason is that they want to know the benefits and opportunities associated with getting the document. Here are some of the reasons:

Application into College:

When you are done with high school, the college needs your school summary document to contain all they will need. The doc should include a list of your coursework, course grades, achievements, etc. which you must have acquired while in your high school.

Transfer to College:

Your new school needs it to know your last class and the new one you ought to be in. They will ascertain your grades using the transcript.

Job application:

When you are done with high school or college and need to apply for a job, your transcript will be needed, but that will be because your certificate is yet to issue to you.

What is a Transcript?

Contents of a typical one:

Title of each Coursework:

The title of each course you took while you were in school. This is important because it helps you know if you are qualified for the course you want to take in the college and meet the basic requirements.

The grade of the courses:

The grades include all the scores you got from your first year till your last year. It also includes the extra courses you took to get your degree and the associated scores in it. All these help to ensure that you met the graduation requirements.

Year of study:

It shows the specific year you took a particular course and the reason behind it. It is important to know when the courses were taken and if you skipped any year and continued later.

NB: Any institution can issue this document to their student.

Transcript or Marksheet? Which is better?

A transcript is a document that includes all your accomplishments and results, whether in high school or college. It includes your coursework, academic strengths, scores, honours, and accomplishments in each academic year.

While a Marksheet as the name implies is a sheet that contains the marks and coursework associated with a student in a specific semester or academic year.

Awesome one, I hope this article answered your question.

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What Is a High School Transcript? How Do You Use Yours?

You’ve probably heard of high school transcripts, but do you know what information they contain and why they’re so important for applying to college?

This guide will explain what a high school transcript is, what exactly it includes, and why it is often the most important part of your college application.

What Is a High School Transcript?

A high school transcript is basically a record of your academic accomplishments in high school. It lists every class you took, when you took them, and the grade you received in each class, sometimes along with additional information such as standardized test scores and any honors you received. Every person enrolled in high school has a high school transcript, which is regularly updated as courses are completed.

There are two versions of your high school transcript: official and unofficial. The two versions will usually look very similar or identical in terms of content, but an official transcript will often have a seal or tamper-proof marks on it or will be inside a sealed envelope. This is so people reading the official transcript can be certain no changes were made to it after it was released by the school and that the information it contains is 100% accurate.

Official transcripts often have to be sent directly to by your high school in order to remain official, while a transcript you print or copy yourself will be unofficial. Most colleges require you to submit an official copy of your high school transcript when you apply, but if you just want to look at the information your transcript includes for your own personal use, an unofficial copy is fine.

Why Do You Need a High School Transcript?

So now you know what a high school transcript is, but why is it so important? High school transcripts are needed for several reasons:

#1: To Apply to College

Your high school transcript is probably the most important part of your college application, simply because it contains so much information about you: the classes you took, when you took them, how well you did in them, etc. Colleges will look over your transcript very carefully when you apply, so it’s important to understand what they’ll be looking for, which we’ll cover in the next section.

The majority of college applicants are high school seniors, and most of the college application advice out there is aimed at them. But what do you do if you don’t fall into this narrow category? Our eBook on how to prepare for and apply to college as a nontraditional student will walk you through everything you need to know, from the coursework you should have under your belt to how to get letters of recommendation when you’re not a high school senior.

#2: To Graduate High School or Transfer to a New High School

Before you head off to college, you, of course, need to finish high school, and your transcript will be what your high school looks at to see if you can graduate. They will look to make sure you took enough credits, completed each of the graduation requirements, and passed the necessary classes. If you transfer high schools, your new school will use your transcript to determine the classes you completed and which classes you should enroll in. When changing schools, you will have a transcript from each high school you attended, but your new school will also include information about the classes you took at your previous school, usually marking those classes as transfer credits.

#3: To Apply for Jobs

Some jobs require you to submit your high school transcript when you apply so they can look at your grades or make sure you have taken any classes they may require workers to have passed.

Grab a copy of your transcript and find the specific information mentioned as you read through the next part of this guide. If you don’t already have a copy of your transcript, ask your guidance counselor for one, or if you need more assistance, take a look at our guide to learn how to get your high school transcript.

What a High School Transcript Includes

Transcripts contain a lot of information, and at first glance it can be difficult to take it all in. This section will explain what a transcript includes, why this information is important, and ways for you to determine if you’re on track for creating a strong one. The main components of a transcript are:

The Name of Each Course You Took in High School

Your transcript will list the course name for each class you took in high school, including whether you retook or dropped a class.

Why Is This Important?

Questions to Ask Yourself:

Actions to Take:

The Grades You Got in Each Class

As well as providing the letter grade you got in each class you took, transcripts will also often include your GPA (weighted and unweighted) as well as your class rank, if your school has this.

Why Is This Important?

Questions to Ask Yourself:

Actions to Take:

When You Took Each Class

The classes on your transcript are organized by date, with the classes you took first at the top, and your most recent classes at the bottom. Classes are grouped together by semester/trimester/quarter, depending on your school’s calendar.

Why Is This Important?

Questions to Ask Yourself:

Actions to Take:

Behavior Record

Some transcripts contain information such as the number of absences you have had and any serious disciplinary actions you have faced (such as suspensions, not minor issues like detention).

Why Is This Important?

Ask Yourself:

Actions to Take:

Additional Information

Some high school transcripts contain additional information such as your scores for standardized tests, any honors or awards you received in school, and sometimes the volunteer work you did.

Why Is This Important?

What’s Next?

Need to get ahold of your high school transcript? Learn how to get a copy of your transcript, regardless of when you graduated high school and which type of school you attended.

Wondering whether your GPA is good enough to get you into the colleges you want? Check out our guide to figure out how strong your GPA is.

Unsure of where you want to go to college? Learn how to choose the best college for you!

Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We’ve written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master’s from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.

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What Is Transcription?

US adults spend 11 hours per day connected to media, and nearly 6 of those are spent watching video. Perhaps you’ve found yourself in a situation where you’re eager to watch a video or listen to audio, but it’s not the time or place to do so. Fortunately there’s another way to consume the content we want: transcription.

What is transcription?

Transcription is the process in which speech or audio is converted into a written document. Closed captions are time-coded to the video, while a transcript is just the text with no time information. Transcription is a great option to make audio-only programs, such as podcasts and radio shows, more accessible to d/Deaf and hard of hearing individuals. When it comes to video, transcription is a great complement to closed-captioning; however, it is not considered a substitute based on accessibility laws and standards.

Verbatim vs. Clean Read Transcript

There are two main transcription practices: verbatim and clean read. Verbatim practice transcribes the text word-for-word, and includes all speech and utterances that the speaker conveys. Filler words, like “um,” speech errors, and slang words are included in the transcript. This is typically useful for scripted media, where everything is intentionally scripted and it is more than likely relevant to the message of the plot or storyline.

Clean read is a text format that excludes speech errors, filler words, and any other non-intentional utterances from the speaker. This practice is helpful for interviews, public speaking events, and other non-scripted media.

With any transcription, there are some best practices to stick to. Making sure that each transcript matches up against the audio, and that different speakers throughout the transcript are identified, will go a long way with your audience. When it comes to transcription, accuracy and clarity are key!

Now that we’ve answered the question, “What is transcription?,” let’s delve into more information that will help you in your journey to understanding transcription as a whole.

Transcript Formats

There are several transcript file formats, each with their own uses and benefits.

If you want your transcript to live on a web page, then this file format is for you. You can make your HTML transcript compatible with screen readers. Screen readers convert digital text into synthesized speech, and are helpful for blind or low vision audiences and individuals with a cognitive or learning disability. This format allows a screen reader to convert the digital text into synthesized speech.

Word (.doc) or Text (.txt) Document

PDF (.pdf)

Much like a Word document, a PDF is a plain text file with formatting. The main difference is that the end user does not have the ability to edit the file. PDFs are also easy to upload to the web.

How to Transcribe Video

Anyone can transcribe video. Based on your needs, you can decide to transcribe your content in-house or to reach out to a professional transcription service.

In-House Transcription

Believe it or not, transcribing video and audio in-house or on your own is quite simple. All you have to do is listen to the video or audio, and manually type the spoken content into a plain text editor. This is an inexpensive way to ensure all of your media is transcribed, but as you can imagine, it is a time-consuming process.

Luckily, there are certain tools that will lighten the burden a bit. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) software, such as Dragon or Camtasia, will kick off the process for you, though there will be many errors. The idea is that it takes much less labor to edit an inaccurate transcript than to start from the beginning on your own. You may even take it a step further and use transcription software, like Express Scribe, which is designed to make the transcription process more efficient.

Professional Transcription Service

For those who create or own large media libraries, and who don’t have the bandwidth to create transcripts in-house, a professional transcription service may be right for you. You’re media files will be returned to you in every output format, eliminating the need to manually convert files. Though there is a cost for this service, it will save you time and energy. You can sit back and relax or focus on other things while your video and audio is transcribed from afar.

Is Transcription Enough to Meet Legal Requirements?

While transcription is a great way to make videos more accessible to all audiences, on its own it’s not enough to meet legal requirements.

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), is a broad anti-discrimination law for individuals with disabilities. It requires that, in regards to communication, an equivalent experience must be made available for d/Deaf or hard of hearing viewers. A simple text transcript does not allow the viewer to follow along with the text and the images synchronously, thus potentially leaving the viewer confused and unable to understand the context properly. For this reason, closed captions are required for video content.

The Rehabilitation Act

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act requires compliance with WCAG 2.0 AA standards. In reference to this, closed captioning must be included for all pre-recorded and live video to be compliant with the law. Under WCAG 2.0 and the updated 2.1, Level A standards require a transcript for all audio-content.

Accessibility laws make closed captioning mandatory, and a transcript alone does not meet the legal requirement. At the end of the day, the goal is to create equal access to content for all people.

Benefits of Transcription

There are three main benefits of transcription: Accessibility, user experience (UX), and search engine optimization (SEO).

Accessibility

For d/Deaf and hard of hearing people, a transcript is not enough to create an equivalent viewing experience. However, it can help to more clearly communicate a spoken message. For blind and low vision individuals, they can use transcripts to narrate the visual aspects of media. Both closed captions and transcripts work together to create accessible media for all. The great thing is, you can use video and audio transcripts to create closed captions.

User Experience (UX)

Transcripts create a better user experience, providing an alternative way for visitors to interact with your video or audio content. Media can be made more engaging by including an interactive transcript and playlist search. If the experience is better, then users will spend more time on your page or site, which positively impacts the page’s SEO.

Based on an Oregon State University national research study, transcripts are impacting student experiences in higher education. Over 99% of students take classes that have video included in the coursework, making video a part of their learning experience. The data shows that 81% of the participants use transcripts as a learning aid to help retain information, to find information, and as a study guide.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO)

Search engines cannot crawl or index video or audio content. With a transcript in place, it allows the search engines to do just that. Overall, this will make your video or audio content more searchable and easier for your audience to find. It will also help your page rank for more diverse keywords that may be included in your transcript.

Interactive Transcripts

Otherwise known as time-synchronized transcripts, interactive transcripts are another way for users to engage with your content. Each word of the transcript behaves like an individual link that, when clicked on, leads directly to the exact point in the video when it’s spoken. There is also an option to search the transcript, which makes finding certain keywords and topics easy.

Playlist Search

Playlist search is a feature that compiles videos together into a playlist along with their transcripts. A search bar allows users to search key terms within the entire video library. Incorporating this feature on your site has many benefits, like better user engagement, increased accessibility, and greater efficiency and organization of media.

SEO Study: This American Life

This American Life (TAL) is a public radio show and one of the most popular podcasts. TAL broadcasts over 500 stations and has nearly 2.1 million users. The show puts a substantial emphasis on their website, providing free streaming of all shows to their listeners.

TAL set out to transcribe 100% of their audio library in order to increase inbound traffic and links, create a better user experience, and make their content more accessible.

After transcribing TAL’s entire archive, some impressive results were achieved. Inbound links increased by 3.89%, unique visitors increased by 4.18%, and organic search increased by 6.68%.

This American Life is a true testament of how transcription can contribute positively to your goals and growth.

Now that you know the benefits of transcription, you can start making your video and audio content more searchable, user-friendly, and accessible.

What are Academic Transcripts?

Students applying for higher education in foreign countries must provide several documents as a part of their application. One such important document is the academic transcript. So, what are these academic transcripts? The following article not only has the answer to this question but is also an in-depth guide to the various formats and requirements. It also includes samples for a better understanding.

What are Academic Transcripts?

An academic transcript is a comprehensive record of a student’s academic performance. It is the evidence of education that includes the subjects studied and the grades/marks received by the student. The educational institution provides students with academic transcripts while applying for admission to foreign educational institutions.

What is the need for an academic transcript?

The academic transcripts are required by the admissions committee of a university as proof of education. It also helps them understand the applicant’s academic performance. This is a mandatory document without which a student cannot apply for admission to foreign universities.

Students applying for graduate programs require high school transcripts whereas, students applying for postgraduate programs have to provide their graduation or related previous university academic transcripts. Universities may sometimes ask students to submit transcripts of their last 2 qualifications. This is a very specific requirement and will depend on the university and the course you are applying for.

You must always keep a soft copy of your transcripts handy so that you can upload them while applying. You should also go through the requirements of the university carefully as universities sometimes seek hard copies as well. In certain cases, students might not get a hard copy of the transcript as it is mailed directly to the new institution by the previous institution.

Some important points to keep in mind before submitting your transcript:

Different names for academic transcripts:

Academic transcripts are called by different names in different countries or educational institutions.

Common names for academic transcripts:

The purpose of all these documents is the same as academic transcripts, i.e., to provide evidence of education and academic performance.

Different types of Academic Transcripts:

This type of academic transcript is a detailed record of your academic advancement. Official Transcripts usually include your exam credits, transfer work, and the degrees you have earned over the years. These transcripts are mailed by the institution and bear the university seal and the registrar’s signature. These are sent only at the request of the student and require the student’s written signature.

This transcript is not as credible as the official transcript. These also do not bear the university seal or official signature.

Acceptable formats for Academic Transcripts:

Universities usually accept various formats of academic transcripts while assessing applicants. Some of these formats are mentioned below:

How to get Academic Transcripts?

Academic transcripts are released by institutions where the student has already studied and completed his/her course/education. It includes school certificates as well as certificates for undergraduate and postgraduate degrees.

Students can collect the official academic transcript from the college/university once published. They can also submit a soft copy of the document while applying for admissions. However, some institutions require a physical copy of the transcript. It has to be mailed either by the student or by the previous academic institution.

Students who are still studying can collect an interim or provisional academic transcript from their institution and send it across to the university. But an official transcript has to be submitted eventually to ensure admission.

What information does an Academic Transcript include?

An academic transcript must contain a detailed description of a student’s academic performance including the subjects, practical work, and other academic aspects.

An academic transcript generally includes the following information:

Some academic transcripts might also include the following:

Supporting documents required with your Academic Transcript

The academic transcript includes your final grades in all subjects throughout your course. A backlog certificate from your institution is required by several colleges as verification of backlog history. Backlogs can affect your prospects of admission to many universities.

What is the difference between an Academic Transcript and a Degree Certificate?

Although both these documents are proof of education and qualification, they have some differences.

It encapsulates your entire academic performance throughout your degree or education.

This is proof of education, qualification, and performance

Interim transcripts are available before you finish your education at an institution.

Includes academic and non-academic achievements

Subject-wise description of grades and scores provided

This is a mandatory part of your application abroad.

This is a final certificate you receive after completing your education from an institution.

This is proof of education and qualification.

This can only be provided once you have completed your entire course.

It does not include any achievements.

Grades aren’t mentioned in a degree certificate.

This may not be part of the application if you are already providing your academic transcripts.

Academic Transcript sample:

“College Letterhead”

This document certifies that Mr/Ms. XYZ was a student at XYZ Institute from July 2011 till June 2014. He/she has completed his/her 3 years bachelor’s degree in B.Sc. Economics from XYZ institute, XYZ campus in June 2014.

Mr/Ms. XYZ is applying to your institution for a postgraduate degree. He/she is a pragmatic intellectual with a high aptitude for Economics.

The following is a comprehensive description of the B.Sc. Course in Economics of XYZ Institute, along with a performance chart of the student for every examination.

Duration of course: July 2011 to June 2014