Unfortunately that s only the first time i the seminar and i

Unfortunately that s only the first time i the seminar and i

Unfortunately being a student means that I don’t have much free time apart from holidays. Sunday is the only real day off that I have from studying. Every evening I have a lot of homework to do and even on Sundays I spend most of the afternoon and evening preparing for my classes in the following week. And this year is a separate talk. I have no free time even on Sundays. I have really realized that the last year at school is not an easy thing. The teachers give much homework in every subject and I have additional practice in English and Chemistry. Besides, I spend much time preparing for my final examinations. There is practically no time for television or friends. But I’d like to tell you how I spend my free time when I have it.

For most of my friends, their first priority is to sleep longer than they normally do. But it’s not about me. I don’t like to sleep more than 9 hours, because then I feel even more tired. If it is summer or spring I prefer to go in for sports in the morning in the fresh air, for example, to go for jogging (running) or to play tennis. In winter I like to go skating and skiing. In deep autumn I prefer to stay at home.

I have four wonderful friends and there is a some kind of tradition among us: once a month we all meet together and talk about everything that crosses our minds. It is an excellent opportunity to have a really good chat and a relaxing time.

I don’t have a concrete hobby, which I would devote all my free time. I like to do everything a little. My mother is a perfect dressmaker and she taught me to sew. So from time to time I enrich my wardrobe with modern dresses, skirts and trousers, that I make myself, of course. I also enjoy cooking, especially desserts, ice-cream, cakes, pies, but in fact, I can cook almost every kind of food.

I’m also very fond of reading. I cannot imagine my life without a good book. There are various genres of literature (detectives, thrillers, comics, science fiction, memoirs), and I prefer to read classical novels by Russian and foreign writers. I like to read novels by F. Dostoevsky, S. Turgenev, A. Chekhov. Among the foreign writers, I prefer Jack London, George Sand, Charlotte Bronte. I also like to read detectives but only by Agatha Christie and Arthur Conan Doyle. In my opinion, modern detectives are full of platitude and there is a complete absence of fascinating plot.

Well, sometimes I spend my free time with my classmates and our attached teacher. That is usually an unforgettable time! Two times we went camping and spent some wonderful days in the fresh air, near a lake, in the forest full of mosquitoes. We didn’t mind spending some days without parents and did everything we wanted. We lived in comfortable houses. We prepared all the food ourselves and didn’t allow our teacher to interfere with that process.

In the evenings, after supper, we gathered in the billiards room and played there. Then, very late, we made a fire and sat there until the morning light. We talked about various things, remembered interesting events in our lives, told funny and horror stories, sang songs and played different games around the fire. But everything good and pleasant always finishes sometime and soon we had to go home.

Well, it is true, that your free time depends on your interests and hobbies. People who want to achieve something in life, to get a perfect education will spend their free days reading or visiting some exhibitions, concerts to enrich their inner world and broaden horizons. Others, less caring about their future life will spend their free time with friends and going to dance every night. But I think, that here should be the golden mean and I belong to it.

К сожалению, быть учеником означает не иметь много свободного времени, кроме как по праздникам. Воскресенье — единственный свободный от учебы день. Каждый вечер мне нужно делать домашнюю работу, и даже по воскресеньям я провожу большую часть дня и вечера, готовясь к урокам на следующей неделе. А этот год — отдельный разговор. У меня нет свободного времени даже по воскресеньям. Я действительно понял, что выпускной год в школе не прост. Учителя задают много домашней работы по каждому предмету, и у меня дополнительные занятия по английскому и химии. Кроме того, я провожу много времени, готовясь к моим выпускным экзаменам. У меня практически нет для просмотра телевизора или встречи с друзьями. Но я хотел бы рассказать Вам, как я провожу свободное время, когда таковое имеется.

Для большинства моих друзей первоочередная задача на выходные — поспать дольше, чем обычно. Но это не про меня. Мне не нравится спать более 9 часов, потому что тогда я чувствую себя еще более усталым. Летом или весной я предпочитаю заниматься спортом утром в свежем воздухе, например, бегать трусцой или играть в теннис. Зимой мне нравится ходить на каток или кататься на лыжах. Поздней осенью я предпочитаю оставаться дома.

У меня есть четыре замечательные подруги, и у нас есть особая традиция: раз в месяц мы встречаемся и разговариваем обо всем, что придет в голову. Это прекрасная возможность приятно побеседовать и расслабиться.

У меня нет конкретного хобби, которому я посвятила бы все свое свободное время. Мне нравится делать все понемногу. Моя мать — прекрасная портниха, и она научила меня шить. Так, время от времени, я обогащаю свой платяной шкаф современными платьями, юбками и брюками, которые, конечно, шью сама. Я также люблю готовить, особенно десерты, мороженое, торты, пироги, но, фактически, я умею готовить почти все.

Я также очень люблю чтение. Я не могу вообразить свою жизнь без хорошей книги. Есть различные жанры литературы (детективы, триллеры, комиксы, научная фантастика, мемуары), а я предпочитаю читать классические романы российских и иностранных писателей. Мне нравится читать романы Ф. Достоевского, С. Тургенева, А. Чехова. Среди иностранных писателей я предпочитаю Джека Лондона, Жорж Санд, Шарлотту Бронте. Мне также нравится читать детективы, но только Агаты Кристи и Артура Конан-Дойля. По моему мнению, современные детективы полны банальности и в них полностью отсутствует острота сюжетной линии.

Ну, иногда я провожу свое свободное время с моими одноклассниками и классным руководителем. Это всегда незабываемое время! Два раза мы ходили в поход и провели несколько прекрасных дней на свежем воздухе около озера в лесу, полном комаров. Мы не возражали провести несколько дней без родителей и делать все, что мы хотим. Мы жили в удобных домиках. Всю еду мы готовили сами и не позволяли нашему учителю вмешиваться в этот процесс.

По вечерам после ужина мы собирались в бильярдной комнате и играли там. Затем, очень поздно, мы разводили костер и сидели вокруг него до зори. Мы разговаривали на разные темы, вспоминали интересные события из наших жизней, рассказывали забавные или страшные истории, пели песни и играли в различные игры вокруг огня. Но все хорошее и приятное всегда заканчивается, и вскоре мы должны были возвращаться домой.

Ну, это верно, что Ваше свободное время зависит от Ваших интересов и хобби. Люди, которые хотят достигнуть чего-то в жизни, получить прекрасное образование, проведут свои свободные дни, читая или посещая выставки, концерты, чтобы обогатить свой внутренний мир и расширить горизонты. Другие, менее заботящиеся о своем будущем, проведут свободное время с друзьями, танцуя ночи напролет. Но я думаю, это здесь должна быть золотая середина, и я принадлежу к ней.

СТЕПЕНИ СРАВНЕНИЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНЫХ И НАРЕЧИЙ

Особые случаи образования степеней сравнения прилагательных и наречий

oldfar

Положительная степень	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
older, elder	(the) oldest, (the) eldest
farther, further	(the) farthest, (the) furthest
good	better	(the) best
bad	worse	(the) worst
many	more	the most
little	less	the least

Упражнение 14.Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных:

1. The new line should be so profitable as/as profitable as the old one.

2. This handset is the most profitable/the more profitable we‟ve ever made.

3. This version of the program is the most recent/recenter.

4. The guarantee is a year longer than/that with our older models.

5. Nothing is worse/worst than missing a flight because of traffic.

6. This printer is one of the best/better.

7. The meeting wasn‟t long as /as long as I thought.

8. Today the share price is more bad/worse than it was yesterday.

9. I‟m sorry, the journey took longer than/the longest we expected.

10. We‟ll be there soon. It‟s not much farer/further.

*Упражнение 15.Вставьте прилагательные в нужной форме. Используйте необходимые слова: »the», »more», »less», »as», »than»:

1. Coca-Cola __________ (big) soft drinks manufacturer in the world.

2. The keyboard is quite difficult to use. It‟s __________ (small) the one I‟m used to.

3. The conference was a little disappointing. It was __________ (interesting) I expected.

4. Yesterday was one of __________ (hot) days of the year.

5. I think this suggestion is __________ (good) the other one.

6. It‟s impossible to choose between these two products. One is __________ (good) the other.

7. The first round of negotiations was easy. The next will be __________ (difficult).

8. We‟re only a small company. We‟re not __________ (large) the market leader in our sector.

9. This year our sales figure are __________ (bad) last year.

10. This is __________ (bad) case of corruption we‟ve seen for years.

Упражнение 16.Заполните пропуски подходящими по смыслу словами:

1. We are bigger __________ GNC, but Satco are __________ biggest in the market.

2. I can see you either day. One day is __________ good __________ the other.

3. Nobody knows more about electronics __________ Tina __________.

4. Of course, I‟ll speak to him. It‟s the __________ I can do after all your help.

5. Sorry, 5% discount is my best offer. It‟s the __________ I can do.

6. He is one of the __________ difficult customers I have ever dealt with.

7. Everyone else had worked a lot longer on the project __________ I __________.

8. I don‟t think that this market is __________ risky __________.

9. The restaurants are the same. This one is __________ as expensive __________ that one.

10. This restaurant is better for us. It‟s __________ as expensive as that one.

*Упражнение 17.Найдите в предложениях пять ошибок, связанных с образованием степеней сравнения прилагательных:

Kevin: I hear what you‟re saying, Susan, but I think Mauritius is more better for a number of reasons. We‟re going in March. Mauritius will be hotter and dryer. It‟s more convenient. Although accommodation in Tucson is good, especially at the top-end of the market, quality accommodation in Mauritius is better. It‟s a different culture. The food is more varied. The place is more exoticer. Admittedly it will be more expensive, but the perceived value and incentive to the sales reps will be more great.

*Упражнение 18.Заполните пропуски словами: too, enough, so, such, much, many, little, few:

2. I had __________ trouble finding somewhere to park that a arrived late.

3. I had __________ problems finding somewhere to park that I arrived late.

4. There were __________ replies to the last mailing that we won‟t do another.

5. I had __________ cash on me that I couldn‟t even buy a sandwich.

6. The price of their shares is __________ high to buy any more right now.

7. We‟re making __________ progress that we should finish a week early.

8. We‟re expecting a lot of people. This room won‟t be large __________.

9. I couldn‟t do any work on the train. I was __________ tired that I fell asleep.

10. She speaks __________ quickly for me to understand.

11. They pay __________ late that we won‟t receive the money until June.

12. That‟s __________ a good idea. It‟ll save us thousands of dollars.

ВИДО-ВРЕМЕННАЯ СИСТЕМА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ГЛАГОЛА

Формы английского глагола

Упражнение 19.Выберите подходящий вариант из предложенных:

1. You often work/Do you often work at the weekend?

2. I don’t know/not know why your invoice hasn‟t been paid. I‟ll try to find out.

3. Excuse me, does you know/do you know if this is the way to the IT seminar?

4. Sorry, that projector don’t work/doesn’t work. Use this one instead.

5. A: Do you know our new sales rep Martha?

B: Yes, I do/Yes, I know.

6. A: Is that Linda Napier over there?

B: Yes, she works/she do work here.

7. I writing/I’m writing the report at the moment.

8. They not replying/They are not replying to my e-mails. I‟ll have to phone them.

9. Why is there such a long delay? What is happening/is happen?

10. You are enjoying/Are you enjoying this conference?

11. Can Karen call you back? She’s speak/She’s speaking on another line.

12. A: Is Sarah Kennedy expecting me?

B: Yes, she’s expecting/Yes, she is.

Упражнение 20.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в нужную форму:

Claude, _______ (you/know) Joao? Joao _______ (be) from Brazil, but he worked with me in Paris last year. He _______ (know) a lot about your line of work.

Really! Well I _______ (be) very pleased to meet you, Joao.

Pleased to meet you too, Claude

So, what exactly _______ (you/do)?

I _______ (work) in the oil industry as a market analyst.

Oh, so you _______ (make) decisions about levels of production?

No, I _______ (not make) any decisions really. My job _______ (involve) studying market trends and giving advice on level of production.

Still, that‟s a lot of responsibility.

Well, yes, but Brazil _______ (not be) a major producer like Saudi Arabia. What about you?

I work for a French company that _______ (supply) specialized equipment to the oil industry. We _______ (be) one of the biggest companies in our market.

Oh, really? And _______ (you/often/come) to London?

Yes, quite often. My company _______ (have) an office here. It _______ (not/take) long to get here now, if you travel by Eurostar. Could I give you my card?

Упражнение 21.Выберите подходящий вариант из предложенных:

1. A: What do you do/are you doing?

B: I‟m an executive secretary.

2. A: What do you do/are you doing?

B: I‟m looking for the details on the computer.

3. A: Where do you work/are you working?

B: Paris this month, then Bonn the next.

4. A: Where do you work/are you working?

B: At our head office in Paris.

5. My name‟s Walter, and I come/I’m coming from Frankfurt.

6. I come/I’m coming to Frankfurt next Thursday – I can call in to your office.

7. I deal with/I’m dealing with Andrew‟s clients while he is on holiday.

8. I deal with/I’m dealing with the paperwork and general administration.

9. A: Who do you go/are you going to the Trade Fair with?

B: This year with Stefano.

10. A: Who do you go/are you going to the Trade Fair with?

Упражнение 22.Поставьте глаголы и скобок в Past Indefinite или Present Continuous:

1. I ______ (look at) the details on the screen right now.

2. I ______ (look at) the sales results in detail every month.

3. The production line ______ (not, work) at weekends.

4. The production line ______ (not, work) at the moment.

5. Yes, I agree. I ______ (think) it‟s a good idea.

6. I ______ (think) about it. I‟ll let you know tomorrow.

7. Helen ______ (stay) at the Astoria while she is in Madrid this month.

8. Helen ______ (stay) at the Astoria when she is in Madrid.

9. We ______ (take) a sample for testing once a day.

10. We ______ (take) a big risk if we go ahead with the project.

11. They ______ (be) usually very flexible if we need to change the order.

12. They ______ (be) flexible about giving us credit for a few more months.

*Упражнение 23.Исправьте неправильные предложения. Учтите, что не во всех предложениях есть ошибки:

1. Which wine are you going to have?

2. Which wine are you preferring?

3. That‟s ridiculous – I‟m not believing it!

4. That‟s ridiculous – I‟m not doing business with them again!

5. I‟m sorry, I‟m not following what you‟re saying.

6. I‟m sorry, I‟m not understanding what you‟re saying.

7. This building is containing all the printing machines.

8. This building is getting very old – soon we‟ll have to move.

*Упражнение 24.Заполните пропуски глаголами в форме Past Indefinite: go, take, think, sell, like, have(2), make(2), be(4), buy

Hi, Jill. You (1) ______ to the Milan Fashion Show last week, didn‟t you? (2) ______ you ______ a good trip?

Yes, it was great.

(3) ______ you ______ any useful contacts?

Well, there (4) ______ loads of people at the show, and I (5) ______ a lot of good contacts but we (6) ______ nearly as many orders as last year.

Oh, why was that? (7) ______ they ______ our new styles?

No, no, that (8) ______ the problem. The shoes (9) ______ really well, but we (10) ______ so successful with some of our other products, like handbags, for example, and there (11) ______ much more competition this year.

Well, the Paul Smith stand was really busy.

Oh, but his clothes are expensive ______ Um, (12) ______ people at the show ______ our prices were too high?

Possibly. But we (13) ______ the authority to lower them at the time.

Oh, what a shame. So it was a waste of a trip then?

Well, not exactly ______ I(14) ______ this great pair of Prada shoes and this Gucci handbag

Упражнение 25.Выберите подходящий вариант из данных:

1. A: What was she doing this morning?

B: She interviewed/was interviewing candidates for the sales job.

2. A: How did Brenda spend her holiday?

B: Most days she went/was going to the beach.

3. A: What happened after you launched the product?

B: While we promoted/were promoting it, our main competitor dropped/was dropping their prices.

4. A: I didn‟t see you in the office last week.

B: No, I worked/was working at home for a few days.

5. A: What did Pat do when she saw the artwork?

B: She called/was calling the designers and said/was saying it wasn‟t suitable.

6. A: Why did Renata take so long to get here?

B: She said they mended/were mending the road and so the traffic moved/was moving very slowly.

Упражнение 26.Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Past Indefinite или Past Continuous:

1. What ______ (eat) when you ______ (go) to Paris?

2. While I ______ (negotiate) the contract, my boss ______ (phone) me to say that he wanted completely different conditions.

3. The last time something like this ______ (happen), she ______ (call) a press conference immediately.

4. Anne ______ (explain) her proposal when Pedro ______ (interrupt) her.

5. We never got the chance to interview him. While we ______ (investigate) the incident, he ______ (resign).

6. When he ______ (finish) reading the article, he ______ (give) it to me.

7. Everyone ______ (wait) for the meeting to begin when he ______ (call) to say that he was stuck in a traffic jam.

8. When I ______ (clean) the piece I ______ (look) for some other documents.

9. I ______ (find) the missing file while I ______ (look) for some other documents.

10. When Tim ______ (arrive), we ______ (tell) him what had happened.

Упражнение 27.Выберите подходящий вариант из данных:

1. While I looked/was looking for my keys, I suddenly remembered I left/had left them at home.

2. In those days the unions used to/had used to go on strike whenever there was/was being a problem.

3. After they were buying/had bought the company, they started/were starting to make a lot of people redundant.

4. Jack used to have/was having a Mac, but then he used to change/changed to a PC.

5. I asked about my package in reception, but they said/were saying that it still hadn’t arrived/wasn’t arriving.

6. I was sure that I used to lock/had locked the door to my office last night, but it was/had been open this morning.

7. I‟m sure that the winters used to be/had been colder when I was a child. I remember that we used to walk/were walking to school in the snow every winter.

8. I had gone/went back to the restaurant to look for my umbrella, but found/was finding that someone took/had taken it.

9. When George saw/was seeing Diane at the seminar, he knew/was knowing that he met/had met her somewhere before.

10. While I had/was having breakfast I looked/was looking at the financial pages to see the share prices. I saw/was seeing that my original investment grew/had grown by over 40%.

Упражнение 28.Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в Pas tIndefinite или в Past Perfect:

1. After she ______ (make) a few notes, she ______ (start) writing the introduction to the Annual Report.

2. Gary ______ (be sure) that he ______ (set) the alarm before leaving the office.

3. I ______ (call) my wife on my mobile because the meeting ______ (still not finish).

4. Once I ______ (speak) to him, I ______ (realise) there had been a misunderstanding

5. After Jill ______ (give) her first presentation, she ______ (feel) much less nervous.

6. Before Edite ______ (become) Michael Edward‟s personal assistant she ______ (already work) in the company for two years.

7. I ______ (not see) the figures before the meeting, so it ______ (put) me at a disadvantage during the discussion.

8. Sorry it took so long. I ______ (have to) go down to the store room because we ______ (run out of) paper for the photocopier.

9. The train ______ (stop) by the time I ______ (get out of) the taxi.

10. I ______ (be) surprised to find that she ______ (already leave).

Упражнение 29.Поставьте глаголы из скобок в Past Indefinite, Past Continuous или в Past Perfect:

Interviewer: So, Alan, why did you quit your last job?

Alan: Well, at the time I (1) ______ (work) as a financial officer for an International Accountancy firm in London. I (2) ______ (be) in the same company for three years.

Interviewer: How (3) ______ (you/get) the job?

Alan: Just after I (4) ______ (finish) university I (5) ______ (go to a job fair. I still (6) ______ (decide) what I wanted to do and I was interested to see what kind of jobs there (7) ______ (be) at the fair. While I (8) ______ (look) at information on one of the stands for a large international accountancy firm, someone (9) ______ (give) me an application form to fill in. I thought this might be a good career opportunity for me as I (10) ______ (already/take) some accountancy exams for my degree. So I (11) ______ (complete) the form and (12) ______ (send) it off. They (13) ______ (interview) me the following week and I got the job. At first I (14) ______ (feel) satisfied with the job, but as time went by, things (15) ______ (change) and I began to hate working there.

Interviewer: So what (16) ______ (go) wrong?

Alan: Well, the situation was this: I (17) ______ (work) for a person who was very difficult, er …very demanding … never satisfied. What‟s more, my job (18) ______ (become) too repetitive and I really wanted to do something more creative. So, that‟s why I resigned … I (19) ______ (not have) another job to go to, but I knew I (20) ______ (have) to make a change.

Упражнение 30.Поставьте глаголы из скобок в Present Perfect:

1. Are you sure it isn’t working? _______ (you/try) it?

2. I _______ (never/see) such a boring presentation.

3. Luckily, our customers _______ (not/complain) about the price rise.

4. We _______ (already/spend) quite a lot of money on this project.

5. _______ (they/reply) to your last email?

6. I _______ (not/get) the figures to hand – can I call you back later?

7. Unemployment _______ (go/up) by 5% since January.

8. I‟m sorry, she‟s not here. She _______ (just/leave).

9. Their shares _______ (fall) by 15% since the merger.

10. _______ (you/ever/take) the Eurostar to Brussels?

Упражнение 31.Заполните пропуски словами: already, yet, ever, never, just, for, since, always:

1. The goods will be with you soon. They‟ve _______ left our warehouse.

2. I‟ve _______ had a great idea. Why don‟t we launch a new range of colours?

3. We‟ve known each other _______ more than twenty years.

4. I‟ve _______ used my credit card on the Internet. I don‟t think it‟s safe.

5. I haven‟t had a chance to speak to Magda _______, but I‟m sure she‟ll agree.

6. I‟ve _______ worked in insurance, ever since leaving university.

7. I‟m sorry he hasn‟t called you back. He‟s been in a meeting _______ lunchtime.

8. Have you _______ been to Sao Paulo? It‟s completely different

*Упражнение 32.Заполните пропуски, выбрав подходящее слово из предложенных:

Mike, Sorry I haven‟t contacted you (1) _______ last week, but I‟ve been very busy. I‟ve (2) _______ to Katowice in the south-west of Poland (3) _______ a few days, and I‟ve (4) _______ returned to my hotel in Warsaw, from where I‟m sending this email. I visited several firms when I was in Kato-wice and one of them looks quite promising. I‟ve (5) _______ seen their factory, and I‟ve got some product samples to show you. Unfortunately I haven‟t met the guy in charge (6) _______ He wasn‟t there – he‟s (7) _______ to Gdansk and should be back next week. So, the trip has been quite successful (8) _______. Have you (9) _______ been to Central Europe? Every is changing very fast – I‟ve (10) _______ seen so much building work going on. Anyway, I‟ll email you again later in the week to let you know what‟s happening. Regards, Steve.

2. A – going; B – gone; C – being; D – been

5. A – yet; B – already; C – been; D – gone

6. A – just; B – already; C – now; D – yet

7. A – going; B – gone; C – being; D – been

9. A – yet; B – since; C – ever; D – never

10. A – yet; B – since; C – ever; D – never

Упражнение 33.Поставьте глаголы в подходящую форму в Present Indefinite, Past Indefinite или Past Perfect:

1. The company is doing very well. Last year sales _______ (go up) by 15%, and so far this year they _______ (go up) another 12%.

2. We _______ (operate) all Latin America. Recently we _______ (set up) branches in Peru and Ecuador.

3. This _______ (not look) like the right block. Are you sure we _______ (come) to the right address?

4. _______ (you/see) my laptop? I‟m sure I _______ (leave) it here earlier.

5. I _______ (just/meet) Andrew from Sales _______ (you/know) him?

6. I _______ (never/speak) to him, but I _______ (speak) to his assistant on the phone yesterday.

8. I _______ (work) for WorldCom since last year, but now I _______ (want) to change jobs. _______ (you/hear) of any vacancies?

*Упражнение 34.Выберите подходящий вариант из предложенных:

1. A: Are you free next Tuesday morning?

B: Sorry, I’ll have//I’m having a meeting with Sue.

A: Oh, right. Well, what about Thursday?

2. A: What are your plans for next year?

B: We’ll open/we’re going to open a new factory in Hungary.

A: That sounds interesting.

3. A: What do you think about their new marketing campaign?

B: I think it’ll probably succeed/it’s probably succeeding.

A: Do you really?

4. A: What about tomorrow at around five thirty?

B: OK, I’ll see you then./I’m seeing you then.

5. A: So as you can see, I‟ve been thinking about this problem quite a lot.

B: Yes, I see. So, what are you going to do?/what are you doing?

6. A: It would be nice to see you next week.

B: Yes, it would. Are you doing anything/Will you do anything on Wednesday?

Упражнение 35.Поставьте глаголы из скобок в одну из форм будущего времени. Используйте »will», »be going to» или Present Continious

3. I‟ve just had a call from Richard – he _______ (be) late.

9. Would you mind waiting for a moment? I _______ (not be) long.

Упражнение 36.Выберите правильный вариант из предложенных:

1. Tomorrow I’ll interview/I’ll be interviewing candidates all morning.

2. We will have moved/will be moving to our new premises in August.

3. We will have moved/will be moving to our new premises by August.

4. What time does your train/will your train leave?

5. Don‟t forget to turn off the lights before you are leaving/you leave.

6. We can‟t send the goods until we’ve received/we will receive a firm order.

7. We will be repaying/will have repaid the bank loan by December.

8. Unless they’re/they will be more reasonable, we‟ll have to break off negotiations.

9. I was going to write/was writing to them, but I forgot.

10. I hope/I will hope to be able to speak at the press conference myself.

11. Our visitors are due to arrive/due arriving at 10.30.

12. I hope I won’t/I don’t hope I’ll be late for the meeting.

13. I think I won’t/I don’ think I’ll be late for the meeting.

14. When the contract is/will be ready, I‟ll let you know.

15. Will we/shall we break for coffee now?

16. Sorry, I can‟t speak now, I’ll just have/I’m just about to have a meeting

Упражнение 37.Поставьте глаголы из скобок в форму Present Indefinite, Future Continuous, Future Perfect:

1. By the time all the papers are ready, the deadline _______. (pass).

2. The flight _______ (leave) at 1 pm and _______ (arrive) at 3.45.

3. I _______ (see) Nick tomorrow, so I can give him a message

4. This taxi is so slow. By the time we get there the meeting _______ (finish).

5. Sorry, I can‟t see you on the 15th – I _______ (play) golf with a client.

6. I won‟t do anything until I _______ (hear) from you.

7. Hurry up! By the time we arrive, the play_______ (start).

8. What _______ (you/learn) by the end of your course?

9. _______ (you/see) the conference room next Tuesday?

10. When I _______ (see) him, I‟ll ask him.

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

Если глагол-сказуемое главного предложения стоит в одной из форм прошедшего времени, то и глагол-сказуемое придаточного дополнительного предложения должен стоять в одном из прошедших времен или в будущем с точки зрения прошедшего (Future in the Past).

I know that she worked in this company for five years.

Я знаю, что она работала в этой компании 5 лет.

He knew that she had worked in this company for five years.

Он знал, что она работала в этой компании 5 лет.

Время в прямой речи	Время в косвенной речи
Present Indefinite V Vs	Past Indefinite V.2
Present Continuous am is + Ving are	Past Соntinuous was+Ving were+Ving
Рresent Perfect have+V.3 has+V.3	Раst Pеrfect had+V.3
Раst Indefinite V.2	Раst Pеrfect had+V.3
Раst Perfect had+V.3	Раst Perfect had+V.3
Future Indefinite shall V. will V	Future Indefinite in the Раst should V. would V.
Future Continuous shall be+Ving will be+Ving	Future Continuous in the Раst should be+Ving would be+Ving
Future Perfect shall have+V.3 will have+V.3	Future Perfect in the Раst should have+ V.3 wouldhave+ V.3
Future Perfect Continuous shall have been+Ving will have been+Ving	Future Perfect Continuous in the Раst should have been+Ving would have been+Ving

Упражнение 38.Перепишите предложения в прошедшем времени:

1. I‟m sure we will meet out targets.

2. The boards of Glaxo Wellcome and Smithkline Beecham announce that they have agreed the terms of a proposed merger.

3. The customers know that they respond quickly to demand.

4. The papers report that things were going well until the Asian stock market crash.

5. A recent survey shows that the number of single- parent families is increasing.

6. Marceting plans predict that sales growth will reach 7.7 per cent.

7. They believe that it is foolish to risk so much money on the new dotcom company.

8. The fax informs that Sun Advertising has beaten its main competitor.

9. Peter reports that the cost of using the Internet has increased.

10. The analysts conclude that bullet proof cars will be the best way to protect the safety of the company staff and their families.

Преобразование прямой речи в косвенную

Прямая речь	Косвенная речь
1. He said, “I shall read it tomorrow” 2. She asked him, “Have you set up you business?” 3. We asked him, “Why do you work?” 4. She said to me, “Comeat 8 o‟clock” 5. He said to me, “Don‟t send these articles”	1. He said he would read it the following day. 2. She asked him if (whether) he had set uphis business. 3. We asked him why he worked. 4. She asked me to come at 8 o‟clock. 5. He told me not to send those articles.

Упражнение 39.Преобразуйте косвенную речь в прямую:

1. Anna said that she had already finished.

2. She said she would be back after lunch.

3. She said she was going to contact the printers.

4. Paul said that he wanted to make a phone call.

5. She said she was meeting the bank manager at eleven

6. Pierre said he had found out about the problem a long time ago.

7. David said he had to be back in the office by three thirty.

8. Jan said she would let me know.

*Упражнение 40.Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную:

1. ”I won‟t put it in the sales because it‟s selling very well”, she said.

2. ”I‟ve read the report and I don‟t understand section 4”, he said.

3. ”When I finish my presentation, I‟m going to have a drink”, he said.

4. ”I‟m preparing the figures but I won‟t be long”, she said.

5. ”I like playing tennis, but I don‟t do it very often”, she said.

6. ”I‟m going to visit our Polish subsidiary, but I‟m not sure when”, she said.

Упражнение 41.Выберите подходящий вариант из предложенных:

1. Sally told/told me that she had lost the catalogue.

2. This is confidential, please don‟t say/tell anything about it.

3. This is confidential, please don‟t say/tell anyone about it.

4. Chris said/said me he must leave early.

5. I said/told them about the meal, and they said/told they would come.

6. ”You see,” told/said Steve, “I always said/told you‟d get a promotion.”

7. ”You see,” told/said Steve, “I always said/told you‟d get a promotion.”

8. ”Look, ”I told to/said to her, “why don‟t you tell/say me what you mean?”

Упражнение 42.Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную:

2. ”What do the letters „URL‟ mean?” I asked him.

3. ”Have you prepared the figures?” my boss asked me.

4. ”When is your birthday?” I asked Francesca.

5. ”Did you remember to back up the file?” she asked him.

6. ”Why have you turned off the air conditioning?” Ellen asked me.

7. ”Do you speak Italian?” they asked me at the interview.

8. ”How much did you pay for your car?” I asked Pablo.

Задания по деловой английский язык. Деловой иностранный язык

Отправить свою хорошую работу в базу знаний просто. Используйте форму, расположенную ниже

Студенты, аспиранты, молодые ученые, использующие базу знаний в своей учебе и работе, будут вам очень благодарны.

Министерство образования и науки Российской Федерации

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования

Российский государственный профессионально-педагогический университет

Институт гуманитарного и социально-экономического образования

английский препинание перевод предлог

ПО ДИСЦИПЛИНЕ « ДЕЛОВОЙ ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК» »

Выполнил: студент гр. Мг-214С ФМ

Курпилянский Михаил Иванович

Номер зачетной книжки: 1450827

1. Поставьте слова каждой фразы в правильный порядок.

1. regards with best 2. information you any require further should

3. enclosed find please 4. hesitate us to contact do please not

5. to catalogue shall send we be you our pleased

1. With best regards

2. You should require any further information

3. Please find enclosed

4. Please do not hesitate to contact us

5. We be pleased shall send our catalogue to you

2. Расставьте знаки препинания в следующем письме.

we are proud to announce the formation of anew and innovative international advertising agency business promoters international we are convinced that you will recognize our potential as an extremely effective international advertising agency we are equally convinced that you will want to choose business promoters international to plan your international advertising campaigns

business promoters international is committed to designing advertising tailored to your companies marketing needs we believe in what our name represents promoting you business throughout the world we look forward to the opportunity of working with you

Dear Mr Brenton,

We are proud to announce the formation of anew and innovative international advertising agency business promoters international, we are convinced that you will recognize our potential as an extremely effective international advertising agency, we are equally convinced that you will want to choose business promoters international to plan your international advertising campaigns.

Business promoters international is committed to designing advertising tailored to your companies marketing needs we believe in what our name represents promoting you business throughout the world, we look forward to the opportunity of working with you

3. Вставьте соответствующие предлоги в следующие предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. … reply … your letter I would like to inform you that the date … my arrival … London is 15 April. 2. We send … your consideration a draft contract … importation … sports equipment to our country.

3. Dear Mr. Collins

The organizing committee officially invites you to participate (1) … the work (2)… the seminar to be held (3) … 10 th (4) … to 12 th November this year.

We would very much appreciate an early reply (5) … this invitation and hope we shall have the pleasure (6) … seeing you here.

We should be grateful (7) … you if you let us know the date (8) … your arrival.

1. In reply to your letter I would like to inform you that the date of my arrival in London is 15 April.

2. We send to your consideration a draft contract of importation sports equipment to our country.

Мы отправляем на ваше рассмотрение проект контракта на импорт спортивного оборудования для нашей страны.

3. The organizing committee officially invites you to participate in the work above the seminar to be held since 10th until to 12th November this year.

We would very much appreciate an early reply an invitation and hope we shall have the pleasure of seeing you here.

We should be grateful to you if you let us know the date of your arrival.

Оргкомитет официально приглашает Вас принять участие в работе над семинара, который проводится с 10-го до 12-го ноября этого года.

Мы были бы очень признательны за скорый ответ на это приглашение, и надеюсь, что мы будем иметь удовольствие видеть вас здесь.

Мы должны быть благодарны вам, если вы сообщите нам дату вашего прибытия.

4. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке.

a) We look forward to hearing from you.

b) Mrs. J. Conway, Sales Manager, Magazine Networking

89 Bear Street, Newcastle, JP 786P

c) We are wringing in connection with your advertisement in yesterday»s morning Star. We would like to cooperate with you and would appreciate it if you have time to arrange a meeting with us in our office.

d) Dear Mrs. Comas

e) New Computer Subway Ltd, 234 Susy Avenue

Austin BC 925 7 NP

5. Замените русские слова и выражения в скобках английскими эквивалентами.

1. (В ответ на Ваше письмо) we are sending you information about the services our bank offers to corporate clients. 2. (В дополнение к) our letter of 4 November (высылаем Вам) a list of the products we have launched on the market.

1. Further to your last e-mail

2. In addition to; send you

3. With reference to your inquiry

6. Перед вами конверт. Соотнесите информацию под определенным

номером на конверте с тем, что она обозначает

(1 ) New Publications

(2 ) 454 Liberty Road

(3 ) Philadelphia, PA 19145

(5 ) Wilson & Company

51 Wimbledon road

Toronto, Ontario (6 )

a) the house number in the return address b) the town the letter comes from

c) the addressee»s company name d) the zip code in the mailing address

e) the sender f) the addressee

7. Используя приведенные ниже адреса, ответьте, какое из писем направлено:

1) на имя компании; 2) на имя определенного должностного лица компании;

3) не известному вам сотруднику компании, который занимается интересующим вас вопросом; 4) определенному сотруднику компании;

5) на имя человека, чей адрес неизвестен, но известен адрес компании или организации, с которой он поддерживает отношения.

a) Hunting Aviation Ltd

Longford Middx UB6 OLL

Attention of Mr Harrison

b) Appointment Officer

Overseas Development company

Abercrombie House Eaglesham Road

Glasgow G57 8 Ea

c) The Secretary

Dunn & Hargit Int»l Group

dept E2834 Ave Lloyd George box 3

c/o Expat network Ltd

e) International Import-Export consultants

903, 13 th Street

N.M. Washington D.C. 20001

8. Подберите соответствующую формулу вступительного обращения и заключительную формулу вежливости к каждому из внутренних адресов:

1) Western Computers Corp.

New Business Consultants

Ave de la Conquista 367

1) Western Computers Corp.

Dear Sir or Madam

Dear Sir or Madam

Many thanks for your assistance/ attention

New Business Consultants

Dear Sir or Madam

Looking forward to hearing from you

Ave de la Conquista 367

Dear Sir or Madam

Dear Sir or Madam

9. Прочитайте письмо, определите тип письма, добавьте нужную информацию.

Dear Mrs. Peacock,

Thank you for your order 2/35 for our food service trays. Unfortunately, your shipment has been delayed because this item is out of stock.

We hope to ship within the next 15 days. We apologize for the delay and any Inconvenience this may cause you. We will ship your order as soon as it is available.

If you wish to cancel your order, please let us know end we will arrange a refund or credit, whichever you prefer.

Again, we apologize for the delay.

Данное письмо-письмо извинение (Apology).

Размещено на Allbest.ru

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Transcription

1 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Алтайский государственный институт культуры» Факультет информационных ресурсов и дизайна Кафедра филологии ДЕЛОВОЙ ИНОСТРАННЫЙ ЯЗЫК Учебно-методическое пособие по направлению подготовки «Социально-культурная деятельность», магистерская программа «История и теория социально-культурной деятельности», магистерская программа «Менеджмент индустрии досуга», квалификация выпускника магистр, форма обучения очная, заочная Барнаул Издательство Алтайского государственного института культуры 2016

2 УДК 802 ББК 81.2Англ Д295 Утверждено на заседании кафедры филологии г., протокол 5 Рассмотрено на заседании Методической школы факультета информационных ресурсов и дизайна г., протокол 3 Рекомендовано к изданию Советом факультета информационных ресурсов и дизайна г., протокол 3 Составитель: кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры филологии О. П. Решетова Рецензент: кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры филологии О. В. Сухова Д295 Деловой иностранный язык: учебно-методическое пособие по направлению подготовки «Социально-культурная деятельность», магистерская программа «История и теория социально-культурной деятельности», магистерская программа «Менеджмент индустрии досуга», квалификация выпускника магистр, форма обучения очная, заочная» / сост. О. П. Решетова, АГИК. Барнаул: Изд-во АГИК, с. Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для магистров вузов культуры по направлению подготовки «Социально-культурная деятельность». Пособие подготовлено в соответствии с требованиями Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта высшего образования по направлению подготовки «Социально-культурная деятельность». УДК 802 ББК 81.2Англ 2 Алтайский государственный институт культуры, 2016

4 Чтение иностранной литературы по специальности направлено на получение нужной магистру информации. Существовавшая в течение десятка лет традиция линейной расшифровки текста при чтении-переводе приводила к операциям на уровне слов, словосочетаний и отдельных предложений. В настоящее время работа с целым текстом является программным требованием для неязыковых вузов: ставится задача обучения магистров беспереводному чтению, составлению рефератов и аннотаций научных статей. Все методы реферирования построены на смысловой компрессии текста, которая предусматривает устранение избыточности в тексте, т.е. элементов, которые дублируют друг друга. В зависимости от поставленной перед студентом цели различают следующие виды чтения: 1. Просмотровое: а) поисковое, б) обзорное, в) ориентировочное. 2. Ознакомительное: а) конспективное, б) реферативное. 3. Изучающее: а) филологическое, б) критическое, в) углубленное. Целью просмотрового чтения является получение общего представления о содержании текста или поиск нужной информации. Полученная в результате такого чтения информация может быть оформлена в виде аннотации. Ознакомительное чтение это более внимательное чтение текста без словаря. Его цель полностью понять содержание текста, не переводя его. Зафиксированным результатом такого чтения является реферат. Изучающее чтение нацелено на полноценное усвоение прочитанного, на расширение словаря и расшифровку языковых форм текста. Такое чтение может быть оформлено в виде перевода текста со словарем. Эти виды чтения можно рассматривать как самостоятельные или как этапы чтения одного и того же текста. Нельзя приступать к переводу текста, минуя первые два этапа чтения, т.е. не просмотрев его целиком и не прочитав его внимательно. Просмотровое чтение и аннотация Аннотация это предельно краткое изложение основного содержания текста, составленное в результате компрессии (сжатия) текста оригинала и в нескольких строчках дающее представление о его тематике. Его назначение составить мнение о целесообразности детального ознакомления с данным материалом. Аннотация включает 3 4 предложения (30 40 слов) и должна дать очень краткую, обобщенную характеристику материала, определить 4

5 круг содержащихся в нем проблем и в некоторых случаях дать представление о том, насколько информативен этот материал и для кого он может представить ценность. Итак, аннотация должна: а) дать выходные данные материала (автор, название и вид публикации книга, статья, интервью, инструкция и т.д., год и место издания); б) определить главную тему материала; в) перечислить, в случае необходимости, второстепенные вопросы (поставленные или решенные); г) определить возможную ценность информации и адресата, которому эта информация может быть предназначена. Требование лаконичности является наиболее характерным, однако в текст аннотации рекомендуется вставлять клише типа «подробно излагается», «кратко рассматривается», «вводит в курс» и т.д. В неязыковом вузе на первое место в обучении выдвигается просмотровое чтение, которое находит выход в аннотировании иноязычного материала. Просмотровое чтение и его подвиды это ведущие элементы чтения, предшествующие реферированию. Ознакомительное чтение и реферат Иная обработка источников информации происходит при ознакомительном чтении. Во время такого чтения читающий должен точно и полно понять содержание оригинала, выделить главную мысль каждого абзаца, отбросить все второстепенное и несущественное. Для этого часто необходимо прочитать текст дважды, а наиболее насыщенные информацией абзацы или предложения несколько раз. Зафиксированным результатом такого чтения является реферат. Рефератом называют текст, построенный на основе смысловой компрессии первоисточника с целью передачи его главного содержания. Материал в реферате излагается с позиций автора исходного текста и не содержит никаких элементов интерпретации или оценки. Деятельность по реферированию имеет две основные цели: информативную и учебную. Как информативный документ реферат призван заменить первоисточник и дать читателю возможность сберечь время при знакомстве с объектом описания. Отсюда вытекает требование: составлять рефераты таким образом, чтобы при их использовании у читателя не возникла необходимость обращаться к первоисточнику. Учебное реферирование, которое является программным требованием, мало связано с информативными задачами. При обучении 5

6 чтению в вузе реферат выступает как эффективный способ контроля понимания прочитанного. Учебное реферирование, практикуемое согласно требованиям программы в вузе, предусматривает изложение иноязычного текста по-русски, т.е. реферативный перевод, который следует определить как компрессию главного содержания статьи (путем устранения избыточной информации) средствами переводящего языка. Реферативная деятельность обладает высоким обучающим и контролирующим потенциалом. Владение техникой реферирования это показатель зрелого чтения. Реферат оформляется следующим образом: а) выходные данные реферируемого материала (автор, название, вид публикации, год и место издания); б) основная тема, проблема, основные положения реферируемого материала; в) доказательства и подтверждение основных положений автора; г) выводы автора. Средний объем учебного реферата предложений (слов). Для написания реферата рекомендуется пользоваться типичными общепринятыми выражениями типа: «Книга (статья) под заглавием описывает (дает, содержит, суммирует)», «Автор пишет (замечает, считает, отмечает, описывает, подтверждает свою мысль, приходит к выводу, по мнению автора и т.д.)», «В статье говорится о (сообщается о), излагается», «В начале статьи» и т.п. Реферируемая литература по специальности предполагает владение запасом лексики и терминов в единиц, знание и понимание структурных особенностей языка (времена, залоги, причасти и др.), структуры основных типов предложений. Поскольку при чтении, целью которого является реферат, необходимо следить за логикой повествования, понимать основные идеи и факты каждого абзаца, рекомендуется разделить текст на смысловые куски, затем выделить в каждом из них основное смысловое ядро и выписать ключевые слова. И только после этого суммировать разрозненные смысловые группы в единое смысловое целое. Чтобы работа с текстом по специальности была более плодотворной и целенаправленной, рекомендуется воспользоваться примерной схемой с планом изложения содержания статьи и примерным набором наиболее характерных для этого вида изложения на английском языке клише. Model Scheme for Rendering an Article 1. The title of the article. The title of the article is 6

7 The article is headlined The headline of the article is 2. The author of the article. Where and when the article is (was) published. The author of the article is The article is written by It is (was) published (printed) in 3. The main idea of the article, its subject and aim. The main idea of the article is The subject of the article is The article is about (concerned with, devoted to) The article deals with (touches upon) The purpose (aim) of the article is to give (to provide) the reader (with) some information (material, data) on 4. The contents of the article. Beginning At the beginning (of the article) the author describes (writes, depicts, dwell on), touches upon, thinks (considers) that, explains, introduces, mentions, recalls, characterizes, analyzes, points out, emphasizes, stresses, underlines, notes in general terms, criticizes, makes a few critical remarks on, reveals, exposes, accuses, blames, condemns, mocks, praises, gives a summary of, gives his account of. The author (article) begins (starts) with a description of, by mentioning, the analysis of, a summary of, some remarks about (of, concerning). The article opens with. Continuation (Development) Then (after that, further on, next) the author passes to, goes on to say that, says (reports) that, gives a detailed (thorough, comprehensive, deep) analysis (description of). The article continues to describe, The article goes on to say that Conclusion In conclusion the author The article ends with At the end of the article the author draws the conclusion (comes to the conclusion) that At the end of the article the author sums it all up) by saying) 5. Your opinion of the article and its connection with the facts on the topic that you know. 7

8 I found the article interesting (important, dull, of no use, too hard to understand). The article carries (has, contains) (much) fresh information about The article has some facts new to me, that is As far as I know I ve read before that many (some) articles on the topic. This article Виды речевых действий и приемы ведения общения При отборе конкретного языкового материала необходимо руководствоваться следующими функциональными категориями: Передача фактуальной информации: средства оформления повествования, описания, рассуждения, уточнения, коррекции услышанного или прочитанного, определения темы сообщения, доклада и т.д. Передача эмоциональной оценки сообщения: средства выражения одобрения/неодобрения, удивления, восхищения, предпочтения и т.д. Передача интеллектуальных отношений: средства выражения согласия/несогласия, способности/неспособности сделать что-либо, выяснение возможности/невозможности сделать что-либо, уверенности/неуверенности говорящего в сообщаемых им фактах. Структурирование дискурса: оформление введения в тему, развитие темы, смена темы, подведение итогов сообщения, инициирование и завершение разговора, приветствие выражение благодарности, разочарования и т.д., владение основными формулами этикета при ведении диалога, научной дискуссии, при построении сообщения и т.д. Разговорные клише и словосочетания It is possible to say that It is significant to note that This part of the report is concerned with the most up-to date information on This fact permits This part of the report includes the fact on In my opinion As far as I know 8

9 As for me I should like to know It is important to say It is necessary to note This fact deals with I fully agree with I should like to draw your attention to It is considered that I am not sure I can t agree with you Summing it up At any rate I see I am of the same opinion On the contrary There is no doubt about it It is not so These data help to decide Absolutely certain I have a new idea on it I am afraid you are mistaken Beyond all questions I do not believe it possible As far as I remember It is a fact well known that On the whole To point out that As a result the method may be applied The selection of the method A sure method Not a bad idea I want to propose some variations To begin with Personally I Let s round off And so To all this must be added that Let me say in conclusion that 9

10 Шаблон оформления научной дискуссии за- 1. Введение в проблему. Перефразированное дание. Прямой или риторический вопрос. Ответ на вопрос. 2. Аргумент автора («за»). Доводы автора. Микровывод Аргумент оппонента («против»). Доводы оппонента. Микровывод Частичное согласие автора с аргументом «против». Отрицание доводов оппонента. Микровывод 4. Nowadays Some people think that while other people believe that So, who is right? Is it really true? The answer is I strongly believe that As far as I know As far as I am concerned 1. First of all 2. Secondly 3. Thirdly Thus/ That is why / Therefore However other people may think differently/ have a different point of view 1. They mention that 2. Also, they Thus/ That is why / Therefore Unquestionably/Undoubtedly/ There is no doubt that Yet, I insist on / I can t agree with the other point of view / I state again that / I still believe that Thus/ That is why / Therefore 5. Общий вывод. All in all, I reckon that To sum it up, I would like to say that In conclusion, I would like to state again that 10

11 PART I UNIT 1 Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание, после чего приступайте к выполнению упражнений. Amateur Art in Russia 1. The professional and non-professional arts are developing in the Russia like two branches on the same tree, the tree of Russian culture. The process is characterized by common goals, co-operation and mutual enrichment. Professional art is a model for amateurs, while amateur art influences professionals by its popular character and originality. 2. Amateurs are an inexhaustible reserve for professional art. Many well- known actors and actresses began their careers in amateur groups. The closest professional ties exist between masters and amateurs. Actors, artists and musicians are regular guests at palaces of culture. Their assistance, advice, consultations, and participations in amateur performances provide an important stimulus for the development of amateur art. 3. At present many millions of Russian factory workers, collective farmers, office employees and students devote part of their free time to amateur artistic activities. 4. These activities are extremely multifarious. In towns and villages there are academic, popular and folk choirs, folk and classical dance groups, folk instrument orchestras, wind, symphony, variety, vocal and instrumental groups, drama companies, circus and variety collectives, fine art studios, groups of applied arts, circles of film makers and photographers, and so on. 5. In recent times a new and more sophisticated form of amateur artistic activity has come to the fore people»s theatres. On the one hand, this is real amateur art, because such groups are made up of enthusiasts who devote their spare time to dramatic activities because they love it. On the other hand, this is a specific, supreme form of amateur artistic activity, because it is actually placed on professional lines: the performances are of high artistic standards, premieres are a regular occurrence, 11

12 both the repertoire and the composition of the companies are fairly stable, and they are directed by qualified specialists. 6. These groups are formed at houses and palaces of culture and clubs. Their leaders artistic directors and artists receive salaries from state or trade-union funds. People»s theatres are given all necessary assistance for their premieres, costumes, and so on. 7. Amateurs seriously intend to penetrate into the mysteries of stagecraft. A special system of training is arranged for them with a view to raise their general cultural standards and give them necessary knowledge. They attend (free of charge) lessons in acting, elocution, movement and make-up. They have lectures and talks on aesthetics, ethics and the history of drama. 8. Such companies play a tremendous role in the cultural life of rural localities and small towns that have no professional companies as yet, which is very important. Most of these groups are occupied with drama, but there are also some opera, ballet, musical comedy, poetry, miniature, and puppet companies. Their repertoire is practically identical to that of the professional theatres. They take up plays by modern Soviet and foreign authors, Russian and national classics, and make stage adaptations of their favourite books. 9. Amateur theatres give their performances in nearly all the languages of multinational Russia. Even the smallest minorities have such companies which provide much pleasure with their dynamic, original art. 10. This supreme form of artistic non-professional activity is a noteworthy phenomenon of Russian cultural life. Annually amateur performances are seen by millions of people. Задания I. Поставьте разные типы вопросов к следующему предложению. Не attends lectures on aesthetics every week. II. Перепишите следующие предложения и поставьте глаголы, стоящие в активной форме (Active Voice), в пассивную (Passive Voice), а глаголы, стоящие в пассивной форме, в активную форму. 1. Enthusiasts who devote their spare time to dramatic activities make up people»s theatres. 2. They are directed by qualified specialists. 12

14 culture and clubs. 3. Their leaders receive salaries from state or trade-union funds. VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы и залог глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. The professional and non-professional arts are developing in Russia like two branches on the same tree. 2. Many well-known actors and actresses began their careers in amateur groups. 3. In recent times a new form of amateur artistic activity has come to the fore. VIII. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык. 1. Amateurs can be regarded as an inexhaustible reserve for professional art. 2. Amateurs must train hard to raise their general cultural standards. 3. They have to attend lessons in acting, elocution, movement and make-up. IX. Прочтите текст и ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы: 1. How are the professional and non-professional arts developing in Russia? 2. Professional art remains a model for amateurs, doesn»t it? 3. Did many well-known actors and actresses begin their careers in amateur groups? 4. What do many people devote part of their free time to? 5. What new form of amateur artistic activity has come to the fore in recent times? 6. Do people»s theatres play a tremendous role in the cultural life of rural localities and small towns? 7. What is their repertoire? X. Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний, запомните их: профессиональное и самодеятельное искусство, неиссякаемый резерв, самодеятельные группы, тесные профессиональные связи, выдающиеся мастера, посвящать часть своего свободного времени, самодеятельное художественное творчество, народный театр, высокий художественный уровень, дворец культуры, художественный руководитель, проникать в тайны мастерства. XI. Укажите номер абзаца, в котором перечисляются различные формы самодеятельного художественного творчества, развивающиеся в городах и селах нашей страны. 14

16 focus shifted to the United States, while England»s theatrical life suffered a new decline. 5. This doesn»t mean that the country at any time lacked great playwrights, actors, or directors. But her stage and film craft had become largely removed from real life. It tended to reflect little beyond the stilted formalism of a thin upper middle crust who went to the theatre to admire their own petrified reflection in a kind of polite distortion mirror. 6. Attempts in earthier directions were suppressed by an official called the Lord Chamberlain who had unlimited powers of censorship. This Mandarin figure was responsible for the creation of London»s theatre clubs, which were private rather than public stages. 7. The Great Thaw occured some time during the mid-1950 s, though it was more like a volcanic eruption. The pressures of talent, creativeness, and expressive urges had been building up ever since the war. Now they broke loose in a veritable lava stream of stage and film productions, which flooded the globe, swept away most of London»s dusty theatrical mores, and swung open the gates of a second Elizabethan dramatic era. 8. It was a new wave of British stagecraft, the second dramatic revolution which erupted suddenly like a volcano after it had gradually accumulated its potential powers through social, economic and cultural developments in post-war Britain. The play «Look Back In Anger» by J.Osborne, one of the «angry young men», ushered in this New Wave; the theatre turned more radically to social problems of the day. The heroes now were mostly ordinary people; the scene shifted from the drawing-room, or the doll-house as the critics put it, to the kitchen, or a cheap hotel room; the language changed to a frank and impartial (нелицеприятный) talk with the public of the author for whom his play was a perception of life and one»s place in it. The first dramatic revolution (at the turn of the century) is associated with B.Shaw and his realistic «theatre of ideas», or intellectual theatre. 9. London currently has 34 active theatres, and this figure does not include opera, ballet, amateur stages, or the semi-private theatre clubs mentioned earlier. Here are some of them: Drury Lane, Theatre Royal. This is one of the oldest and most prestigious establishments in town, crammed with traditions. Nearly every star of the London stage heaven played here at some time. It has a wide-open repertoire, but presents mainly musicals. 16

19 actress. 3. The director of the theatre had to speak to the actors before the performance. IX. Прочтите текст и ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы: 1. Why is London considered to be one of the biggest theatrical centres of the world? 2. When was the city»s first theatre opened? 3. What were the reasons of the periodic declines of Great Britain»s dramatic glory in more recent times? 4. Does it mean that the country at any time lacked great playwrights, actors or directors? What did it tend to reflect? 5. When did the Great Thaw occur? 6. How many active theatres has London currently? Name some of them. X. Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний, запомните их: театральный центр мира, сцена, современные зарубежные пьесы, спектакль, сценическое искусство» драматург, режиссер, театральные традиции, талант, музыкальная комедия, труппа. XI. Найдите в тексте абзац, в котором говорится о первом театре Лондона. Укажите номер абзаца. XII. Прочтите седьмой и восьмой абзацы текста и кратко в письменной форме на родном языке объясните, о каком явлении в культурной жизни Англии идет речь. В чем оно выразилось, каковы его особенности? XIII. Обобщите информацию текста, используя схему с типизированными элементами для устного обзора: The title of the book (article, text). The author. The source. The subject and the contents. Facts, names, figures. Presentation of the material. Controversial points. Criticism. The information core: new facts and their importance, your own opinion of their use. 19

20 UNIT 3 Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание, после чего приступайте к выполнению упражнений. WHAT SORT OF MUSIC? 1. Do you like music? Well, perhaps that»s a silly question the answer would obviously be, «It depends on what sort of music you mean». 2. There»s classical music, modern music, pop, jazz with a good many sub-divisions as well. Jazz, for example, includes classical and modern jazz, which are quite different; classical music includes opera and chamber music; and so on. 3. Is there such a thing as bad music? I think there is, but it»s very difficult to define; it»s easier to define good music. 4. In order to learn to understand and appreciate music it is first of all important to know that music is an art (that is somebody is deliberately shaping it and creating it); that it is thinking and feeling in sound or tone, arranged in a design (just as you make poetry or pictures) to express something you have felt or thought or seen. 5. What else is very important is that you don»t just hear music with your ears. Parrots can do that. You have to listen with your imagination and your mind as well. And the more you do this, the more «friends» you will make, musically speaking. 6. You will learn to distinguish the different voices, the different minds, the different imaginations of the composers and their times. Of course, you will like some of them more than others, just as you like some people more than others. 7.Then, you wouldn»t say that you don»t want to look at a painting again once you»ve seen it; if you enjoy a book, a poem or a play you want to read it again; in just the same way you have to hear music again and again and you»ll always discover something new in it. 8.Then of course, there are many interesting books that will give you examples of music songs, symphonies, overtures, concertos, solo works, etc. and will help you in increasing your appreciation of music. 20

21 POWER OF SONGS 1. Ideas expressed in songs are often extremely persuasive. In Chile, for example, the junta realized the potential power of songs in strengthening the resolve of the Chilean working class in its struggle to overthrow fascism. It was for this reason that they killed Victor Jara. 2. Working-class songs are about the workers» life and struggle, they stem from the daily hardships of the class struggle. The capitalist class has always tried to either destroy this or any other form of proletarian culture or infiltrate and distort it. 3. Singing was once banned in pubs because in the early days of trade unionism it united the workers as a class, regardless of trade or job, and in this way they shared their experiences of the class struggle. Capitalist ideas penetrate the working class in all spheres of life, and culture is under attack today, too. 4. That is why we should realize that music is never purely an expression of the soul. Music is a form of culture which can be used to serve the interests of one class or another. The working class must never forget that music and other forms of culture also can and should be weapons in its struggle for future. Задания I. Поставьте разные типы вопросов к следующему предложению. They attend lectures on classical and modern jazz once a month. II. Перепишите следующие предложения и поставьте глаголы, стоящие в активной форме (Active Voice), в пассивную (Passive Voice), а глаголы, стоящие в пассивной форме, в активную. 1. Singing was once banned in British pubs by the authorities because in the early days of trade unionism it united the workers as a class. 2. Ideas which are expressed in songs by poets are often extremely persuasive. 3. This folk song group gave many concerts for workers. 4. The audience admired much the music of this composer. 21

23 1. I believe you»ll be a success on the stage, but you have to train. 2, The working class in the capitalist world must never forget that all forms of culture also can be weapons in its struggle for a socialist future. 3. In just the same way you have to hear music again and again and you»ll always discover something new in it. VIII. Прочтите текст и ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы: 1. What forms of music do you know? 2. What is it important to know in order to learn to understand and appreciate music? 3. You have to listen to music with your imagination and mind, haven»t you? 4. Will you always discover something new in music if you hear it again and again? 5. Why did the junta in Chile kill Victor Jara? 6. What must the working class in the capitalist world never forget? IX. Найдите в текстах английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний, запомните их: классическая музыка, народная музыка, камерная музыка, современный джаз, увертюра, концерт (музыкальное произведение), сила песни, композитор, слушать музыку, форма пролетарской культуры, выражение души. X. Укажите номер абзаца текста «Power of Songs», в котором говорится о том, что класс капиталистов всегда стремился уничтожить, пропитать своим духом или извратить любую форму пролетарской культуры. XI. Прочтите четвертый восьмой абзацы текста «What Sort of Music» и кратко в письменной форме на родном языке объясните, что необходимо для того, чтобы научиться понимать и ценить музыку, что значит уметь правильно слушать музыку и что дает человеку такое умение. XII. Обобщите информацию текста, используя схему с типизированными элементами для устного обзора: The title of the book (article, text). The author. The source. The subject and the contents. Facts, names, figures. Presentation of the material. Controversial points. Criticism. The information core: new facts and their importance, your own opinion of their use. 23

24 UNIT 4 Прочтите текст и постарайтесь понять его содержание, после чего приступайте к выполнению заданий. FOLK MUSIC 1. Pop music has always been influenced by other forms of music. Many groups have been influenced by jazz, the blues, classical music, etc. Another important influence is folk music. 2. Folk songs are the songs composed and sung by country people and dealing with the various phases of everyday life: work, dancing, love, drinking, children, festivities, death, etc. Folk songs of the different nations have certain national traits which, although difficult to describe, clearly represent the general character of the people. The songs may be hundreds of years old, so nobody knows who originally composed them. Thus a folk song may be defined as a song of some antiquity and unknown authorship, which has been handed down orally for many generations and has become widely known throughout a nation or a smaller community. 3. But although folk songs are obviously old, their age is usually exaggerated. In few fields of musical study has pure fancy and wishful thinking been given rein to such a degree as in the field of folk music, where one may say that a melody dates back to a pre-christian era although it shows unmistakable traits of its origin in the 18th century. For instance, practically all the folk songs currently used in Germany date from the period about Those of Italy are even more recent, while the English ones frequently show evidence of an earlier origin (16th century). 4. Folk music is often music for dancing. In Britain it was traditionally played on instruments like the fiddle (another name for the violin), flute, bagpipes, accordion, concertina, etc. 5. In the 1950s and 1960s, the people who wrote songs and played them on acoustic guitars were also called folk singers. The songs were often «protest songs», complaining about bad things happening in bourgeois society. Famous American singers of this type included Woody Guthrie in the 1950s, and Bob Dylan, Paul Simon, Leonard Cohen and James Taylor in the 1960s. Women singers included Joan Baez and Joni 24

25 Mitchell. British singers included A1 Stewart, Ralph McTell (whose song «The Streets of London» is famous) and Cat Stevens. 6. In the 1960s several pop groups began to play traditional folk songs in the style of pop or rock music. Groups like Fairport Convention and Steeleye Span became famous playing «electric folk». Other musicians are also influenced by the style of English folk songs. Traditional folk songs, in the style they were sung over one hundred years ago, are still popular with a lot of people. There are traditional clubs in most towns. Even more popular is traditional Irish music. Groups like the Chieftains and Planxty play beautiful Irish tunes on traditional instruments. Their live concerts are quite startling in that they are able to spark something off in everyone of the audience which get up and dance, or just leap around and yet they (the audience) can listen attentively too. It»s a compliment to the music itself which they treat as a living being, not a museum piece. Their concerts are startling in that they are able to build an atmosphere of relaxation both on stage and in the hall, bringing the people to earth again, an atmosphere of warmth and enthusiasm quite rare in the world of popular music. 7. In parts of England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales people still play folk music today, although they also watch television and listen to pop records, 8. The nicest thing about folk music is that it lasts unlike a lot of pop music which sounds out-of-date after a few years. Задания I. Поставьте разные типы вопросов к следующему предложению The Chieftains and Planxty groups play beautiful Irish tunes on traditional instruments. II. Перепишите следующие предложения и поставьте глаголы, стоящие в активной форме (Active Voice), в пассивную (Passive Voice), а глаголы, стоящие в пассивной форме, в активную. 1. Ideas which are expressed in songs by poets are often extremely persuasive. 2. They built an atmosphere of relaxation at their startling concert. 3. Pop music has always been influenced by other forms of music. 4. This folk song group gave many concerts when it toured in our country. 25

27 VII. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы и залог глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. We have just seen this film and have enjoyed the music in it very much. 2. Their songs are becoming popular. 3. He will play traditional folk songs at his concert. VIII. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык. 1. Thus a folk song may be defined as a song of some antiquity and of unknown authorship. 2. Their concerts are startling in that they can build an atmosphere of relaxation. 3. In just the same way you have to hear music again and again and you»ll always discover something new in it. IX. Прочтите текст и ответьте письменно на следующие вопросы, 1. What are folk songs? 2. Have folk songs of the different nations certain national traits? 3. The age of folk songs is usually exaggerated, isn»t it? 4. What traditional folk instruments can you name? 5. Are traditional folk songs still popular? 6. What is the nicest thing about folk music? X. Найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты для следующих слов и словосочетаний, запомните их: классическая музыка, зрители, народная музыка, традиционная народная песня, пользоваться популярностью, скрипка, волынка, исполнители народных песен, мелодия, танцевать. XI. Найдите в тексте абзац, в котором дается подробное определение народной песни. Укажите номер абзаца. XII. Прочтите второй, третий, четвертый и восьмой абзацы текста и кратко в письменной форме на родном языке объясните, что такое народная песня и народная музыка. XIII Обобщите информацию текста, используя схему с типизированными элементами для устного обзора: The title of the book (article, text). The author. The source. The subject and the contents. Facts, names, figures. 27

Chapter 3: The Play The Play is: Starting point for theatrical production Entity that remains intact after production Blueprint for production or for reader s imagination The play may serve as the basis

Практическая грамматика английского языка (стр. 3 )

Из за большого объема этот материал размещен на нескольких страницах: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Fill in the blanks with some, any, no.

1. Unfortunately, they have got___money, 2. She wanted___stamps, but there were not___in the machine. 3. Is there___salt on the table? — No, there isn’t. 4. I’d like to buy___new clothes, but I haven’t___money, 5. When would you like to come? —___day would suit me. 6. If you had___sense you wouldn’t have left your car unlocked. 7. She did not answer all the letters because she had___time. 8. Do you have___small change? — Hardly ___. 9. He returned home without___money. 10. Could you help me? I have___problems with my research.

Make sentences interrogative and negative.

1. He lives somewhere near here. 2. Something fell on the floor in the kitchen. 3. Somebody from the Department of Education is here. 4. There is something in what he says. 5. They knew something about it. 6. There is someone in the room. 7.1 want to tell you something. 8. Someone is knocking at the door. 9.1 saw this man somewhere. 10. Something has happened to her.

Choose the appropriate pronoun.

1. She was said that (someone/anybody) was waiting for her in the street. 2. He was standing by the window and was looking (nobody/somewhere) on the right. 3.1 don’t remember (someone/anyone) else, 4. Have you read (something/anything) by Oscar Wilde? 5. Could you give me (something/anything) to eat? 6. If (someone/anyone) comes, let me know immediately. 7.1 haven’t heard from her for a month. I am afraid, (nothing/something) has happened to her. 8. Have you read (something/anything) about this author? — No, I’ve read (something/nothing). 9. She refused to say (something/anything) because she thought she was being treated unfairly. 10. What’s the Batter? Why are you crying? Has (anything/something) happened to your mother? She told me she’d had a heart attack yesterday. 11. Would you like (something/ anything) to drink? Whisky or gin? 12. She is still (nowhere/somewhere) abroad. 13.1 have (anything/ nothing) to add. 14. The sick man was able to get up without (someone’s/anyone’s) help. 15. (Anybody/ Nobody) could do this work. It’s very simple.

Fill in the blanks with some, any, no making the appropriate compounds if necessary.

1. Is there___here who speaks English? 2, Do you have___idea where I can borrow___money here? 3____ tells me you have got bad news for me. 4. He had___ idea what to do next. 5.1 am sorry, but the practical experience shows that his work is of__„.value. 6. Our professor wanted to make up _____ exercises to teach the pupils how to use a dictionary. 7.1 am sorry but there is

___ message for you, 8. Hardly „__ understood what he meant. 9. We didn’t think he’d succeed, but he managed ___. 10.1 can’t find my glasses____. 11. If there is___ message for me, please send it to me. 12Л don’t know ___about it. He said___about it in his last letter. 13. He is Mr. Know-All. He can give you___information you need, 14. Where can I find___here who can give

me___advice on this question? 15.1 don’t like that every evening you go___.

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate pronoun.

1. Why are___of you talking? Hardly___is listening to me. 2. No, I have___to add. 3. Has___asked you about this matter? 4. _.__of them have been there either. 5. You’d better not speak to___cf them, 6. Can___of you go there? 7.1 am sure they kept silence.___of them

spoke about this. 8.1 did not know that___of you had already seen it, 9. Write to us___interesting, will you? 10. Could___of you answer suth a difficult question?

Translate into English.

A 1. Я не читал никаких книг этого писателя. 2. Если что-нибудь случится, это не моя вина (fault). 3. Вы можете купить этот журнал для меня? Я нигде его не вижу. 4. Кто-нибудь еще пришел? 5. Преступ­ник (criminal) нигде не сможет скрыться (disappear), ничто и никто не поможет ему. 6, Купи что-нибудь поесть, у нас в холодильнике (fridge) ничего нет. 7. По­чему ты так рассердился? Никто не знал о его приезде. 8. Этот человек никогда ничего не боится. 9. Я нашел чью-то шапку. 10. Мне кажется, с ней что-то случи­лось. 11. Любой может купить эти куртки (jacket). Они довольно дешевые. 12, Не молчи (keep silent), скажи что-нибудь.

В 1. Кто-то оставил окно открытым» 2. Мне кто-нибудь звонил? 3. Вы что-нибудь читали об экономике (economy) этой страны? — Почти ничего. 4. Я никому из них не говорил о его предложении (offer). 5. Хотите что-нибудь выпить? 6. Он почти никого не знал в этом городе. 7. Вас кто-нибудь из них приглашал на этот вечер? 8. Ты бы хотел поехать куда-нибудь летом? 9. Кто-то из нас должен пойти дуда. 10. Полицейский пока­зал мне несколько фотографий, но я никого не узнал. 11. Он ничего не сообщил об этом. 12. Если кто-нибудь позвонит, я буду дома в 8 часов. 13. Мы отказались что-либо делать. 14. Он сделал это без какого-либо раз­решения. 15. Тебе что-то попало в глаз?

Fill in the blanks with any, every or cor­responding compound pronouns.

1. It was a small village where___could tell you___about___. 2. He goes there___day. You can find him at ___time between ten and twelve. 3. She told you___ she could. There is hardly ___to add. 4. With your complexion your can buy a blouse of___colour. 5..___ is here. You can ask___. 6. Has___forgotten to sign his name in the list? 7.___who has lost his credit card must

declare about it immediately. 8. There was a dead silence. ___was listening to the speaker. 9. You needn’t explain ___ else.___understood___. 10.___knows what to do.

Choose the appropriate word out of those given in brackets.

1.___child wants to visit Disneyland. 2.___. witness was questioned in turn. 3. They___have a comfortable flat. 4. You can come here__„day. 5.___of us would be happy to help you. 6.___patient wants to be healthy, 7. Planes fly to St. Petersburg ___ hour. 8. The

performance was a success.___place was taken. 9. This book is divided into 20 units and ___of them has a different title. 10.___passenger must fasten the belt when the plane takes off or lands.

1. There are many good inns in Scotland. While travelling, you may stay in___of them. 2.1 saw two plays in this theatre, but___of them impressed me. Rita says she saw several plays there, but she liked___ of them. 3. John and Pete did not pass an exam yesterday because___was ready for it. 4. The Finns’ sisters are arriving tomorrow.___of the two girls is very pretty, but___of them is married yet. 5. There are a few cafes in this district, but___of them is good. 6. What would

you prefer, tea or coffee? —___will do. 7. The woman carried a bag in___hand. 8. There were four applicants but___ of them impressed me. 9. There is a village on bank of the river 10. Can he speak French or German? —___. He is not good at languages.

Fill in the blanks with the forms is or are.

1. Neither he nor she___there. 2. Neither they nor she___there. 3. Neither he nor they___there. 4. Both Alice and Kate___in time. 5. Either you or she___ right. 6. Both the old and the young___having a good time at the party. 7. Either Jack or Jane___going on business to London. 8. Neither Pete nor his parents___ aware of the coming danger. 9. Neither he nor his relatives

___present at the wedding. 10. Either he or they___ going to do it. 11. Both Mom and Dad ___at home. 12. Neither Nick nor Mary___in class today. 13. Both ___present, but neither___helpful.

Choose the correct variant.

1. Please give me___copy of the magazine.

a) other b) another c) the other d) others

2. I see only five boys here. Where are___ones?

a) another b) others c) the others d) the other

3. There were seven people on the beach; two of them were bathing,___were playing volleyball.

a) the others b) another c) others d) other

4.1 can give you only a small dictionary, I have got no

a) the other b) another c) other d) the others

5. Two of their guests left rather early,___stayed till midnight.

a) the other b) another c) the others d) other

6. Well, kid,___fifty yards and you will be at home.

a) another b) other c) the other d) others

7. There have been two oranges on the table. One is. here, and where is___?

a) another b) the other c) others d) other

8. I’m going to stay here for___few days.

a) the other b) others c) the others d) another

9.1 think you should choose___colour. This one is too dark.

a) other b) another c) the other d) others

10. Why is he so selfish? He never thinks about___.

a) other b) the other c) others d) the others

Choose the right variant.

1. There/It comes a time when you start to remember your youth. 2.1 suppose there/it will snow tomorrow. 3. Look, there/it is snow on the ground. 4. There/It remains nothing to be done. 5. He is right, there/it no doubt about it. 6. Is there/it anything the matter? 7. There/It is windy outside. 8. There/It is a strong wind today, 9. Once upon a time there/it lived a princess. 10. There/It is light in the room. Turn on the light, please. 11. The traffic is heavy in this street. There/It is a lot of noise. 12. There/It is very noisy in this street because there/it is heavy traffic. 13. They are happy, there/it goes without saying. 14. There/ It follows that there/it is no solution to the problem. 15. There/It is a light in the distance.

Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Если кто-нибудь из вас хочет задать вопрос, под­нимите (raise) руку. 2. Оба были готовы помочь ей, но ни один не знал, как это сделать. 3. Если ты пройдешь (take) еще несколько глагол, ты увидишь море. 4. Каж­дая девочка хочет быть красивой. 5. Все были рады видеть ее. 6. По обе стороны реки был лес. 7. Каждый из нас может совершить такую ошибку. 8. У меня две сумки: одна черная, а другая коричневая. 9. Ни Тома, ни его родителей нет дома. 10. Врач осмотрел (examine) каждого пациента по очереди.

The Adjective / The Adverb

Put the following into the correct order.

1) suede / Italian / new / red / soft / shoes 2) elderly / tall / Englishman 3) oval / Venetian / ancient / valuable / glass 4) shiny / large / expensive / brown / leather / case 5) square / wooden / old / nice / table 6) modern / stone / large / beautiful / cottage 7) porcelain / tea / blue / thin / old / cup 8) young / blonde / handsome / tall / man 9) old / several / English / beautiful / castles

10) pretty / French / young / a lot of / girls 11) dark blue / best / silk / my / shirt 12) young / many / factory / German / workers

Choose the right word.

1. I don’t like horror films. I think they are (frightening/frightened) and (boring/bored). 2. Don’t look so (surprising/surprised). Of course, it war a (surprising/surprised) decision but we had no other out. 3. It was a (tiring/tired) journey. I wish I hadn’t it. I feel completely (exhausting/exhausted) aftes 4. The football match was (disappointing/disappointed). Our team lost the game and we left the stadium qtiite (disappointing/disappointed). 5. He can’t remember his pupils’ names. It seemed funny at first, but now it is rather (embarrassing/embarrassed). 6. So far as Mrs. Brown was concerned she did not seem to be in the least (embarrassing/embarrassed). 7. He did not come and she ‘looked rather (worrying/worried). 8. The rise in crime is (depressing/depressed). 9. The pictures made a (depressing/depressed) impression on him. 10. She is not (satisfying/satisfied) with her position.

Complete the sentences with the words from the box using the proper degree.

Busy few famous convenient well-read kind-hearted straight hot

1. She is easy to deal with. I think she is___than her sister. 2.1 suppose the works of this artist are___ abroad than in his country. 3. This armchair is___of all. 4. He knows a lot. He is___than his schoolmates. 5. Let’s take this path. It’s___. 6. The street you live in is___than mine. 7. Days are getting___in July. 8, He made___mistakes in his class.

Match the adjectives on the left with their definitions on the right.

1) further a) after some time

2) farther b) the second of two

things or persons already mentioned

3) last c) the smallest

4) latter d) coming immediately

after, in space or in order

5) elder e) additional

6) nearer f) at a greater distance

7) next g) least good

8) least h) coming after all others

in time or order

9) later i) senior of members of

10) worst j) closer

Open the brackets and use the comparative form of the adjectives and adverbs.

1. This exercise is (simple) than that one. 2. Why are you talking? Please be (quiet). 3. New districts of Moscow are (beautiful) than the old ones. 4. He is (clever) than his brother. 5. My (old) sister is 4 years (old) than me. 6. There are (many) customers on Saturdays than on weekdays. 7. Are expensive things (good) than cheap ones? 8. Is English grammar (difficult) than Russian grammar? 9. He has made (few) mistakes than yesterday. 10. She had to give us (far) information though she didn’t want to. 11. Students from Group 3 are (industrious) than those from Group 1.12. Нал с you met our new colleagues, Mr Brown, and Mr. Green? The former is an excellent economist, (late) is a good lawyer. 13. They have got down to business without any (far) delay. 14. This matter is (urgent) than that one. 15. He plays tennis (bad) than she. 16. He’s got a still (old) edition ef this book. 17. Is there a (late) train passing here? 18. (far) details will be given tomorrow. 19. Sparrows are (сопшюъ) than any other birds. 20. Motor-cycles are (noisy) than cars, aren’t they?

Exercise 60. Choose the right variant.

1. Martin was the (more talented/most talented) of the two brothers. 2. Of the three shirts I like the blue one (better/best). 3. My dog is the (prettier/prettiest) of the two. 4. This summary is the (better/best) of the two presented. 5. There are nine planets in our solar system and Pluto is the (farther/farthest). 6. Mary is the (tallest/ taller) of the two girls. 7. The boss likes my plan (better/ best) of the two. 8. This is the (less difficult/least difficult) of the four cases. 9. This knife is the (sharpest/ sharper) of the two. 10. Mother was the (more/most) beautiful of seven daughters.

1. Кто из этих двух лучший ученик? 2. Она приме­рила (try on) свои два платья и надела самое нарядное (smart). 3. Он осмотрел все компьютеры и купил са­мый современный (modern). 4. Кто самый высокий ученик в классе? 5. Из двух игрушек мальчик выбрал самую яркую.

Make up sentences according to the example.

Example: life/beeoming/hard — Life is becoming harder and harder.

life/becoming/difficult — Life is becoming more and more difficult.

1) people/living/long 2) going abroad/becoming/popular 3) crime/becoming/common

Give the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.

Translate into English using the proper degrees of the words in bold type.

1. Возьмите этот чемодан (suitcase), он легче ваше­го. 2. В районе West End находятся самые дорогие магазины. 3. Что ты собираешься делать дальше? 4. Я думаю, что он старше вас, помоложе меня. 5. Это са­мый талантливый студент в нашей группе. 6. Хотя у нас были самые плохие места, нам очень понравился спектакль (performance). 7. Где ближайшее почтовое отделение? 8. Последний поезд прибывал в полночь. 9. Последние известия были совсем неинтересные. 10. Они получили дополнительные сведения по этому вопросу,

Put the adverbs in the right place.

Example: These books are old (very). — These books are very old.

1.1 hate travelling by air (really). 2. She trusted him (entirely). 3.1 understand your situation (fully). 4. It is not his fault. He did not want it to happen (at all). 5. The rain spoiled my day (completely). 6. We did the job quickly (fairly). 7. Though he tried to persuade her, she believed his story (hard, half). 8. He believes that he is right (firmly). 9. The prices are cheap at the hotel (reasonably). 10.1 was tired to eat (too, even).

For each situation put in very, quite or a bit. (Sometimes you may have two variants.)

Buses run___frequently. — Buses run quite/very frequently.

1.1 couldn’t sleep. There was___a lot of noise from the disco. 2. There was heavy traffic on the road. The road was___busy. 3, It was only a minute or two after the scheduled time when the train came. The train was ___late. 4. Someone paid a great deal of money for the house. The house was___expensive. 5. There were one or two small traces of mud on the boots. The boots were___ dirty. 6. We had reasonable weather. It wasn’t ___ marvellous, but it didn’t rain. The weather was___good. 7. That music is___too loud. 8.1___like my new job. It’s very interesting and better paid than the previous one. 9. They have___a lot of business with our company

Ш Belgium. 10. She was not___satisfied with her new We. There was something ___disappointing but she could not understand what.

Fill in the blanks with so or such.

1. The weather was___nasty that she decided to stay at home. 2. He drove at ___ a high speed that I got frightened. 3. The show was___amusing that we couldn’t help laughing. 4. He was___shocked that he couldn’t say a word. 5. There were___few participants present that the

meeting was cancelled. 6. The girl looked___sick that the mother called the doctor in. 7. The programme was___ entertaining that nobody wanted to miss it. 8. They made ___brilliant reports that the audience burst out applauding. 9. There were___many interesting books that he did not

know which to choose. 10.1 have been studying for___a long time that I have got a headache now.

Complete the following sentences with the adverbs in the comparative and superlative forms. (You can use the word only once).

Carefully easily frequently high late long loud smartly near quickly fast well

Example: I was afraid to go___than halfway up the tower. — / was afraid to go higher than halfway up the tower.

1.1 could have found the place___if I had had a map. 2. We were tired and we all envied Mary, for she lived___. 3.1 like this picture___of all. 4. Why are you wearing these old jeans? You might have dressed___. 5. You needn’t go away yet. You can stay a bit___. 6. To get to London by nine, we can’t leave___ than seven. It takes two hours. 7. There are a lot of robberies in our

city. They happen___nowadays than before. 8. Do it again___and you won’t make so many mistakes. 9. We can’t hear you well. Could you speak a bit___? 10. We all ran pretty fast, but Andrew ran___than me, and Sam ran___.

Open the brackets and give the comparative or superlative degree cf the following adjectives and adverbs.

1. That is (incredible) story I have ever heard, 2. It is not always (bright) students who do well in tests. 3. Terylene shirts are (hard) wearing, but cotton shirts are much (comfortable). 4. Which is (deep), Lake Michigan or Lake Superior? 5. She is far (self-confident) than she used to be. 6. (tall) man among the guests is a basketball player. 7.1 like both of them, but I think Kate is (easy) to talk to. 8. Most people are (well off) than their parents used to be. 9. She has a lot to be thankful for; but (sad) thing of all is that she does not realize it, 10.1 want to buy a car — (powerful) one you have. 11. You look a lot (sad) than you did last time I saw you. 12. There is nothing (irritating) than locking yourself out of your own house. 13. Both roads lead to the city centre, but the left-hand one is probably a bit (short) and (direct). 14. As I get (old), I notice the policemen seem to be getting (young). 15. The boys in our school are much (good-looking) and a lot (good) at football than the boys m other schools in the town.

Open the brackets and give the correct forms of the comparative constructions,

Example: (Much) you read, (well) you will know English. — The more you read, the better you will know English.

1. (Interesting) the book is, (fast) you read it. 2, (Early) you come, (quickly) we finish the work. 3. (Hot) the weather is, (bad) I feel. 4. (Soon) he takes the medicine, (well) he will feel. 5. (Little) she ate, (angry) she was. 6. (Long) the children saw the film, (frightened) they felt. 7. (Late) you come, (little) you will sleep. 8. (Much) you study, (clever) you will become. 9. (Cold) the winter is, (hot) the summer will be. 10. (Near) you come up, (well) you will see the picture.

1. Чем больше он говорит, тем меньше его слуша­ют, 2. Чем длиннее ночь, тем короче день, 3. Чем ско­рее вы придитесь за работу, тем быстрее вы ее закон­чите. 4, Чем больше вы будете находиться на свежем воздухе, тем лучше вы будете себя чувствовать. 5. Чем меньше женщину мы любим, тем больше нравимся мы ей. 6. Чем внимательнее вы будете делать домаш­нее задание, тем меньше ошибок вы сделаете. 7. Чем больше он работа1!, тем меньше времени он уделя t (devote) своей семье, 8, Чем больше он играл, тем боль­ше он проигрывал. 9, Чем дальше мы шли, тем менее знакомым (familiar) казался лес. 10. Чем старше си становился, тем больше он походил на своего отца.

Complete the sentences using the con­structions as. as or not so. as/not as. as. Choose the one from the box.

High poor beautiful important, tall crowded fast expensive big lazy

Complete the sentences with than. or us. as or the saine. as.

1. Everybody was shocked. Nobody was more shocked ___Nick. 2.1 wish you were ___ pretty___your mother, 3. He is___ age___my brother. 4.1 earn___ much nioney___he does. But she earns more___we both. 5.1 ordered..___drink____he did. 6. Your car is much more

Powerful___mine, bat my small car is___expensive ____yours. 7.1 spent___ much money___he did. But I. didn’t spend___ sum____ Mary did. I spent much less money___she. 8. Petrol is more expensive now___a few years ago. 9. Prices are not___in the 1990s. 10. Paris is___exciting___London.

1. Он потратил не так много времени на перевод этой статьи, как вы. 2. Она сыграла свою роль сегодня так же хорошо, как и два дня назад. 3. В этот день Том написал столько же писем, сколько и вчера. 4. Эти новости не такие интересные, как те, которые мы слы­шали на прошлой неделе. 5. Он получил такое же об­разование, как и ты. 6. Сегодня мороз не такой силь­ный (severe), как вчера,, Мы можем пойти погулять. 7. Товары в этом магазине не такие дорогие, как в том. 8. Уровень жизни (living standard) в России не такой высокий, как в США. 9. Новая машина Майкла такая же мощная, как и моя. 10. Движение на этой улице не такое интенсивное (heavy), как в центре.

A Make up sentences according to the example.

Example: He is (twice/old) she is. — He is twice as old as she is,

1. He is not (half/clever) I thought. 2. It took her (three times/long) she expected. 3. She is not going to marry a man who is (twice/old) she is. 4. He can lift a box (three times/heavy) that one. 5. The new stadium is (several times/large) the old one. 6, He does it (two times/ quickly) she does. 7. Petrol is (several times/expensive) it was two years ago. 8. Her new flat is (three times/ large) her old one. 9. Grapes in autumn are (several times/ cheap) they are in winter. 10. He spends (twice/much) we do.

В Change the sentences according to the example.

Example: This book costs 4 dollars and that one costs 2 dollars. — This book costs twice as much as that one.

1. Ваше эссе (essay) в два раза длиннее моего. 2. Это дерево в два раза выше того. 3. Bap, i нравится этот пид­жак? — Да, но он в три раза дороже того. 4. Сегодня в два раза холоднее, чем вчера. 5. Она выглядит в два раза моложе своей сестры. 6. Все его приятели в два раза старше него. 7. Хотя эта квартира и в два раза меньше той, она мне больше нравится. 8. Этот перевод вдвое легче того. Я уверен, ты с ним справишься (соре). 9. Спидометр (speedometer) показывает, что машина идет в два раза быстрее, чем раньше. 10. Если ты по­едешь поездом, а не самолетом, ты доберешься туда в несколько раз медленнее.

Make up sentences according to the example.

Example: No sooner he (arrive) home___he fell ill. — No sooner had he arrived home than, he fell ill. 2. Hardly he (arrive) home___he wanted to leave. — Hardly had he arrived home when he wanted to leave.

1. No sooner she (receive) the money___she went chopping. 2. No sooner he (open) the door___he felt the smell of gas. 3. Hardly they (come) into the house___ the rain started. 4. No sooner he (eat) the first course ___the telephone rang. 5. Hardly she (knock) at the door

___he opened it. 6. Hardly the sun (rise)___they started off. 7. No sooner he (read) the newspaper article___he phoned her. 8. Hardly she (buy) a car__„she got into an accident. 9. No sooner he (look) at the title___he realized that it was the book he had wanted for such a long time. 10. Hardly the meeting (begin)___ the participants decided to re-elect the committee.

Translate into English using the construc­tions of the previous exercise.

1. Он так устал, что, едва добравшись до дома, сразу же лег спать. 2, Едва лишь мы закончили работу, как зазво­нил телефон. 3. Как только она вошла в комнату, как по­чувствовала, что в доме кто-то есть. 4. Едва она увидела мышь, как сразу же закричала. 5. Как только мы вышли из дома, сразу же пошел дождь. 6. Едва мы поздоровались (greet), как он сразу же подошел к телефону.

Exercise 79. Fill In the blanks with the words from the box.

Structural and lexical exercises

Structural and Lexical Exercises in English

Niniejszy materiał przeznaczony jest dla szerokiego grona odbiorców. Korzystać z niego mogą maturzyści przygotowujący się do egzaminu maturalnego z języka angielskiego na poziomie rozszerzonym, studenci, kandydaci na studia a także osoby pragnące usystematyzować lub pogłębić swoją wiedzę z zakresu gramatyki i słownictwa języka angielskiego.
Poziom zadań w ćwiczeniach oscyluje między poziomem średnio-zaawansowanym i zaawansowanym. Dobór i charakter a także tematyka ćwiczeń wynika z szerokiego spektrum tematyki i charakterystyki różnych egzaminów z języka angielskiego. Ze względu jednak na fakt, iż napisałam ten materiał z myślą o swoich uczniach przygotowujących się do egzaminu maturalnego na poziomie rozszerzonym wszystkie ćwiczenia można łatwo pogrupować według leksykalnych katalogów maturalnych.
Z poniższego materiału można korzystać na zajęciach z języka angielskiego lub w czasie samodzielnej pracy w domu, W obydwu przypadkach przydatny może okazać się klucz do zadań znajdujący się na końcu. Mając na względzie możliwość samodzielnego wykorzystania materiału ćwiczeniowego, uwzględniłam wskazówki mające ułatwić wykonywanie zamieszczonych w poniższym materiale zadań.
Mam nadzieję, że zamieszczone poniżej zadania okażą się równie ciekawe jak i przydatne w procesie pogłębiania wiedzy z języka angielskiego.

MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE

• Skim-read the text to get an idea of what it is about
• Read the text again one sentence at a time. Read the whole sentence, not just the words before and after the gaps, as there may be clues that could help you.
• Try to guess what part of speech is missing and what the meaning of the missing word is
• Do not look at the four choices or guess the answer until you have tried to understand what the sentence means
• Do not always think of words as single isolated items, but as parts of a context
• Decide which of the four choices is best in this context. Consider syntax and style
• Find which of the choices may have the same meaning and decide which one should be left out
• If you aren’t sure about the right answer, try to eliminate three of the four alternatives starting with the words that don’t make sense
• Check if the word you have selected forms an acceptable expression with the word before and/or after it
• Read the text again including the words you used to fill in the gaps to see if it makes sense

• Skim-read the text to get an idea of what it is about
• Read the text again one sentence at a time. Read the whole sentence, not just the words before and after the gaps, as there may be clues that could help you. Note that sometimes you may find clues in other sentences too
• Try to guess what part of speech is missing and what the meaning of the missing word is
• Remember most of the missing words will be grammatical words, prepositions, pronouns, auxiliary verbs, articles. linking words, etc.
• Remember there is only one missing word
• Check for accuracy of grammar and spelling
• Read the text again including the words you used to fill in the gaps to see if it makes sense

• Skim-read the text to get an idea of what it is about
• Read the text again one sentence at a time and try to identify the extra word/words
• Read the whole sentence, not only the line because the extra word may refer to another word 1 –2 lines before
• When looking for extra words note the following:
The extra words can be prepositions, relative pronouns, articles, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs or pronouns
At times the extra word will be one which wrongly changes the tense of the passage
A word which is not absolutely necessary to the meaning of a sentence is not an error
Quite often a word is wrong because it is in the wrong position in the sentence and the sentence makes perfect sentence without it
If a word appears more than once in a line, it is never the wrong word
When there are two negatives in the line, be careful about deciding which is the extra one
• There will always be some lines without errors, usually no more than five. If you think there are more than five correct lines, look carefully again at those lines which are correct
• Read the text again without the extra words to see if it makes sense

1. Read the text below and complete each blank with one word.

2. Read the text below and complete each blank with one word.

3. Read the text below and decide which word best fits each blank.

A wild hunt
Living in a modern society, we cannot 1. (ignore/neglect/forget/omit) the acts of crime that take place every day. Criminal activity ranges from stealing to the more serious crimes of kidnapping and murder. Just recently, a hunt was on for two men who 2. (stole/robbed/shoplifted/hijacked) an off-licence in broad daylight. The shopowner tried to call the police, but he received a severe 3. (strike/knock/hit/blow)to the back of his head, which left him unconscious. It appears that the two 4. (criminals/convicts/pickpockets/burglars) had planned evrything very well, 5. (so that/while/since/though) they 6. (escaped/avoided/prevented/stopped) getting caught and made away with a considerable amount of money. They were seen getting on their motorbike holding guns by two policemen in a patrol car, who started 7. (arresting/chasing/hunting/following) them. 8. (Despite/ Therefore /Although / However), the robbers managed to get away through the back streets. All exits from the city were closed 9. (down/off/up/away) immediately, 10. (in spite of/ in order not to/ for fear of/ in case) losing the robbers. Even the airport was put on alert and flights were delayed, as strict security measures were 11. (taken/followed/put/made) and all passengers were asked to give proof of their identity and state the 12. (motive/purpose/reason/excuse)of their trip. Many people considered this a(n) 13. (annoyance/disappointment/ complaint/nuisance) and were shocked 14. (with/about/from/by) these tactics. So, they put the 15. (fault/accusation/blame/cause) for the situation on the police and 16. ( charged/accused/blamed/convicted) them of incompetence. In the end, the police 17. (got/recognised/took/received) responsibility for the setbacks. They apologised to the public for any inconvenience they may have caused, 18. (but/so/as/because) they claimed that they were doing their best to 19. (forbid/avoid/ban/prevent) the robbers from escaping.

4. Complete the text below with the correct form of the word in brackets.

Antibacterial soaps
A 1. (consider) number of people feel that washing with antibacterial soaps is the 2. (sense) thing to do. Unfortunately, their 3. (ignore) has led them to believe that these soaps are 4. (prefer) to normal ones. However, research has shown that there is no real 5. (differ) between washing with ordinary soap or soap 6. (contain) antibacterial agents. It has also been proved that being too clean actually has 7. (desire) effects, as our 8. (body) do not become 9. (resist) to germs. This 10. (discover) has come as a surprise, especially to those who believe that bacteria have to be fought with every means known to man.

5. Read the text below and decide which word best fits each gap.

6. Read the text below and complete it with appropriate words from the backets.

A big decision
When Lucy 1. (announced/told/agreed/claimed) that she was going to move abroad because she was bored 2. (with/of/about/at) her life, we weren’t surprised. 3. (Once and for all/All in all/After all/All the same), she had been talking about moving to a warmer country for ages. One which would 4. (supply/offer/reveal/cater) sun, sea and opportunities for outdoor activities. A country like Spain or Portugal would 5. (fit/suit/combine/match) her just fine. We took her even more seriously when she called 6. (out/up/for/off) an interview for a job she was sure of getting. Of course, her parents were annoyed with her decision, but I had to admit that I sympathised 7. (for/to/with/on) her. I had done something 8. (similar/common/same/likewise) when I was her age, so I supported her all the way. I even helped her decide on a 9. (detailed/suitable/fitted/matching) destination. It was near an ancient site which, given Lucy’s academic background in archaeology, was 10. (ideal/special/particular/fine) for her. I 11. (insisted/explained/said/warned) her that in the beginning she would feel 12. (as/alike/like/likewise) an 13. (outbreak/outsider/outcome/outlook), but people from small towns are friendly and she wouldn’t feel lonely for too long. The time came for Lucy to depart. She wasn’t sad, 14. (not alike/unlikely/not as/unlike) her parents who were crying and couldn’t 15. (bear/tolerate/stand/suffer) to see their daughter leaving. Seeing her parents cry made me feel responsible for what had happened. In the end, I 16. (admitted/denied/apologised/accused) for having encouraged Lucy to leave. To 17. (tell/speak/say/talk) the truth, however, I’m glad to have influenced her decision to move abroad.

7. Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in brackets.

A tennis star is born
1. (when) the tennis star Richard Krajicek steps onto the court, his opponent needs to prepare for one of the 2. (fast) serves in the game. Krajicek can be 3. (pride) of his 220 km/h serve, since his 4. (succeed) on the court can be partly attributed to it. Without doubt, Krajicek can be described as 5. (some) who is in 6. (pursue) of 7. (excel). At Wimbledon in 1997, bad weather conditions didn’t 8. (damp) his spirits. The only 9. (think) that went through his mind was that of holding his trophy. Krajicek had a lot of 10. (determine) and beat his 11. (America) opponent three sets to love. Many consider Krajicek to be the next great 12. (Europe) tennis champion following in the footsteps of Boris Becker.

8. Read the text below and complete each gap with one suitable word.

9. Complete the following text with appropriate words from the brackets.

The best students
According to most professors, mature students are 1. (first/ideal/special/best) students because they are hard-working and become actively 2. (included/related/involved/combined) in all aspect of the learning process. The majority of mature students have a poor educational background but they 3. (able/succeed/manage/capable) to do exceptionally well at tertiary level. 4. (Although/Despite/However/In spite of) many of them have a mortgage, a job and children to 5. (grow/develop/rise/raise), they are always present at seminars and lectures and always hand 6. (in/over/out/up) essays on time. They like studying, writing essays and they enjoy the class discussions that take 7. (after/over/part/place). Consequently they 8. (fulfil/achieve/reach/earn) excellent results. In fact, as they have 9. (known/experienced/found out/recognised) many of life’s pleasures, they are content with their lives and this has a positive 10. (effect/affect/conclusion/consequence) on their attitude, making them 11. (eager/anxious/interested/impatient) students. On the other hand, despite their enthusiasm and commitment, mature students 12. (tolerate/resist/suffer/complain) from anxiety. The fact that they have made many sacrifices to get into university puts extra pressure on them to succeed. Family 13. (shelter/cover/refuge/support) is of the utmost importance for most of these students. This includes the financial assistance required to pay for the 14. (charges/prices/costs/fares) of a university education. 15. (Likewise/Furthermore/Nevertheless/Otherwise), completing a degree gives mature students a sense of achievement, boosts their confidence and 16. (creates/improves/progresses/advances) their job prospects.

10. Complete each gap in the text with one suitable word.

TV Ratings
As you settle 1. in front of your television have you 2. wondered how TV ratings are calculated? Don’t worry, we’re not 3. watched while we’re in front of the TV. It’s the Audience Research Board (ARB) that works 4. the ratings for each programme. To 5. this, the board appoints researchers whose task is to choose from a sample of viewers, who receive a small payment for 6. cooperation. To gather the required information the researchers connect the viewer’s TV set and video recorder to electronic meters which record when these appliances are turned on and off and what is being watched. There is a difference 7. counting TV programmes and those recorded on video. To count the latter, the day, time and channel are imprinted by the electronic meter. 8. only when the video is watched does the programme recorder on the meter become activated. It sounds complicated but the ARB need to separate live recordings 9. taped ones. 10. problem is the amount of viewers in one household. If there is 11. than one viewer, then the household is given a special remote control. Every 12. someone makes use 13. it, they 14. to press their given number so that the meter recognises who is watching. Finally, 15. all the figures are collected, they are compared to the TV guides and 16. the end the national viewing figures are calculated.

11. Read the text. Some of the lines have a word which should not be there. Cross it out.

My ideal school
Even though great improvements have been made at my school as far as education 1
is concerned, I will believe that much more should be done, in terms of resources, 2
extra-curricular activities and safety. Firstly, there are not enough of books and 3
materials in the library to accommodate so many students either. The students need 4
to be able to thoroughly research for class projects. Secondly, I believe so my school 5
lacks an extensive range of activities. Although it offers different sports and clubs 6
in the winter, there is not much which to do during the summer. My school has got 7
many facilities such as a gym and playing fields. However, I think that a swimming 8
pool would rather be a great idea and something students would enjoy. They 9
would also benefit enough from it, as younger students could learn how to 10
swim and the older students could use it to exercise or play games in. Lastly, 11
my school needs to employ a guard to patrol the area when the school is 12
closed. Recently, a gang broke right into the school and vandalised it. If a guard 13
were at present, they would be reluctant to enter. On the whole, a school should 14
be a place where students are encouraged to learn in. They should also feel safe 15
while on the premises, and of course a bit of fun does not hurt once in a 16
little while. With a few changes, my school would be an ideal one. 17

12. Complete the following text with appropriate form of the words in brackets.

13. Complete the following text with an appropriate word from the brackets.

14. Complete the following text with appropriate words.

15. In some lines, there is an extra word, cross it out.

What gets me angry
I look forward to meeting up with my friends at the local skateboard ramp every evening. 1
Fifteen friends and myself spend our time performing stunts and trying on new moves we 2
may have picked them up from magazines or the Internet. All of us take our skateboarding 3
seriously and try our hardest as to become the best we possibly can. However, there 4
are some adults who consider our own pastime dangerous and antisocial. These people 5
are constantly creating prolems for us skateboarders or skurfers, as if we like to 6
call up ourselves. They have complained to the local authorities and have tried to ban 7
us from riding our skateboards in public. I honestly cannot understand why do these people 8
have a problem with skateboarders. Every skurfer I know follows the road rules and wears 9
the necessary safety equipment. We keep off footpaths and avoid roads with 10
a lot of traffic. I believe we are too responsible teenagers and always watch out for 11
pedestrians who crossing the street. Adults are always talking about the problems teenagers 12
face in our society, yet they fail to see our good example. We know how to face up to 13
our problems and because we spend a lot of time together, we discuss very many issues. 14
We spend out time creatively, doing things we enjoy ourselves and most importantly 15
keeping out of trouble. I believe all teenagers should take up a sport and occupy 16
themselves with it and that adults should try to be little more understanding. 17

16. Complete the text with appropriate forms of the words in brackets.

The Platypus
When the platypus was first discovered in 1. (sun) Australia, its skin was sent back to Europe. Experts who examined it were under the 2. (impress) it was a hoax, as the skin seemed to be from a 3. (mix) of animals. It is definitely one of the strangest animals in the world. It has a 4. (flat) body covered in dense, short, waterproof hairs and it has 5. (practice) no neck. It’s got a long, flat bill which bears a 6. (resemble) to a duck’s. The nostrils at the end of the bill are extremely 7. (sense) and allow the platypus to detect its prey with 8. (accurate). What’s more, the male platypus has a sharp spur which carries a poison. It is not 9. (fate) but it does create a nasty wound and a 10. (pain) sensation. In general, the platypus prefers to be left alone, though it is not an 11. (friend) creature.

17. Complete the text with appropriate word from the brackets.

Dolphins
Dolphins are aquatic animals, which are closely 1. (combined/accompanied /involved /related) to whales and porpoises. Thirty two species of dolphins exist and they vary in shape and 2. (measure/scale/figure/size). For instance, the bufeo dolphin is only 1.5 metres in length whereas the bottled-nosed dolphin 3. (comes/gets/reaches/appears) 4 metres in length. The killer whale, which is 4. (supposed/considered/believed/known) a dolphin, can grow up to 9 metres in length. Dolphins, 5. (likely/like/alike/as) whales, breathe through a blowhole, which is located at the top of their heads. As they swim through the water, they break the surface every two minutes to breathe out followed by breathing in before they dive into the water again. It is 6. (usual/regular/accustomed/common) to find these 7. (efficient/qualified / skilled/effective) swimmers in all the world’s major seas. They 8. (appear/show/emerge/display) in open waters and make arched bounds, usually before the bow of a ship 9. (In fact/At any rate/On average/To some extent), dolphins eat about one third of their weight in food per day. They usually eat fish and squid, which are caught with the help of their strong jaws, which have between 100 and 260 teeth. In the past, dolphins were hunted for food and their 10. (helpful/valuable/invaluable/worthy) oil. Nowadays, many dolphins are trapped by accident in tuna nets. As they are 11. (insufficient/ incapable/inadequate/unable) of escaping and reaching the surface, they die from lack of oxygen. Millions of dolphins have drowned over the years as a result of such accidents. Animal rights activists do not only 12. (protest/accuse/blame/oppose) about this but they have also made several successful 13. (try outs/trials/attempts/experiments) to stop fishing trawlers from using tight-knit nets, which don’t 14. (help/allow/leave/let) dolphins to escape. 15. (Under way/On the way/By this way/In this way), they have succeeded in reducing the number of dolphins killed unjustly and 16. (reassuring /ensuring/securing/confirming) that dolphins won’t become extinct.

18. Complete each gap with one suitable word.

Exam stress
Does the idea of sitting an exam 1. you anxious? There is 2. doubt that during the exam period stress level tends to rise. Exams are certainly important but they’re not 3. getting into a state over. In actual 4. stress has a negative effect on your performance. Below are some simple 5. of overcoming stress. Firstly, it is important to know the date and place of each exam beforehand. This will remove 6. initial worry 7. what time the exam begins and 8. you have to go. Secondly, your physical state is particularly important during the exam period. Therefore, a good night’s sleep before each exam is highly advisable. In addition, it’s vital that you 9. plenty of exercise while studying, 10. sitting down all day can make it harder to get to sleep at night. Another important factor is your diet. A balanced diet is necessary; a breakfast high in protein and fibre will see you 11. the day. However, 12. you don’t feel 13. eating first thing in the morning, take some fresh fruit with you and eat it before the exam. Finally, it goes without saying that in 14. to do well in exams and avoid stress, revise well 15. advance and don’t leave studying till the 16. minute.

19. In some lines there is one extra word. Cross it out.

The place I love
My favourite place to visit is the island my mother comes from. It’s not a very large 1
island but its beauty is being known far and wide. There are fir and pine trees everywhere 2
as well as other types of vegetation, as during the winter there is such a lot of 3
rainfall. The houses are traditional and made up of huge stones. The walls are very thick 4
in order as to keep the houses cool in summer and warm in winter. Cars cannot be 5
driven into certain areas because most villages have been narrow cobble-stoned streets. 6
There are many pretty fishing villages. The fishermen get up very early in the 7
morning to catch fish and sell them out to the local people or tourists. Sometimes the fish 8
or other seafood such as octopus, they may still be alive. Tourists like to eat such 9
delicacies at the small restaurants in these fishing villages. Another nice place to 10
visit is Sunset Hill, where you can sit on the cliffs and watch the sun to disappear over the 11
horizon. There are many beaches where you can go for swimming but the nicest beaches 12
are the ones you can only get to by boat. Hardly not any people go there, the water 13
is crystal-clear and there are also caves you can swim in as well. Of course, there 14
is not much to do on the island during the winter but enjoy yourself the isolation and 15
serenity those months have to offer. One day, I would like to live there permanently 16
and bring up my children away from the hustle and bustle of modern day life. 17

20. Complete the text with appropriate form of the words in brackets.

Radar
The word ’radar’ stands for Radio Detection and Ranging and was 1. (develop) by a 2. (physics) named R.A Watson Watt. But does radar work? It 3. (simple) sends out radio waves and an echo returns from solid objects. By 1935 Watt had 4. (success) built a long range system that could be used to detect approaching storms which might 5. (danger) aircraft. Radar was also used in World War II primarily because of its 6. (able) to identify aircraft long before they could be seen or heard. The radar proved 7. (value) to the British during the war. They set up radar station as a 8. (defend) along the south and east coasts of England. These days, radar is used in 9. (vary) ways but most importantly in airports by air traffic controllers who give 10. (instruct) to airline pilots. Without this, aeroplanes would risk having mid-air 11. (collide). Today radar is used in many more places than you would think.

21. Complete the text with appropriate word from the brackets.

A polar explorer
Ronald Amundsen is one of the most famous men in the history of polar exploration. He was the first man to 1. (reach/arrive/approach/come) the South Pole, the first to sail around the world through the Northwest and Northeast passages and the first to fly over the North Pole in a light aircraft. Amundsen was born in Norway in 1872. From a young age he believed he would become an explorer just like his hero Sir John Franklin. However, his 2. (goal/ambition/wish/intention) took a back seat when he decided to study medicine 3. (at/for/in/from) his mother’s sake, but he never 4. (omitted/forgot/neglected /ignored) his dream. When his mother 5. (passed away/passed out/died away/died out), Amundsen dropped his studies and went to sea. At the age of twenty he was given the 6. (occasion/situation/opportunity/condition) to set sail on an Arctic vessel and at twenty-five he joined the crew of the “Belgica” to take part in a Belgian 7. (experiment/investigation/research/expedition) to the Antarctic. Once there, they became trapped for thirteen months in the ice and were forced to eat seal meat to 8. (avoid/ keep away/escape/resisit) starvation. On his return he departed almost immediately for the North Magnetic Pole with just a crew of seven. This 9. (cruise/excursion/voyage/tour) lasted three years and made him a world-famous explorer. Four years later he decided to 10. (head/travel/lead/take) for the Antarctic and did so in August 1910. His first attempt failed 11. (since/due to/owing/as a result) bad weather, but this didn’t 12. (disapprove/reject/discourage/regret) him. In 1911 he 13. (set out/left/set up/progressed) on his journey again with four men, using sledges and fifty-two dogs. In two months they arrived at the South Pole; they were the first to do so. Amundsen and his men spent three days 14. (researching/looking for/exploring/inspecting) the area and left a marker flag and letters for the King of Norway and their rival, Robert Scott. Amundsen was successful because of his excellent knowledge 15. (of/in/at/about) polar contitions. He also paid a lot of attention to details and 16. (maintained /kept/owned/possessed) physical strength that allowed him to endure the hardship.

22. Complete each gap with one suitable word.

Environmental disaster
On 16 March 1978 the supertanker Amoco Cadiz, a vessel owned and operated 1. the Amoco Oil Corporation, encountered difficulties 2. the steering failed off the northwest coast of Brittany, France due to a storm. The following day, as the storm got worse, the massive tanker drifted onto rocks and eventually split 3. two and sank. Consequently, its cargo of 220,000 tons of crude oil poured into the sea. The effect 4. the environment was devastating. The oil slick covered more 5. 130 beaches along the Brittany coastline in 30 centimetres of oil.As a 6. damage 7. the wildlife in the area was catastrophic. Over 30,000 seabirds perished along with 230,000 tons of crab, lobster and fish. In addition,local people’s jobs 8. seriously threatened as the area’s oyster and seaweed beds, 9. were a source 10. income for many inhabitants, were almost completely wiped out. The environmental disaster caused by this unfortunate accident forced the French authorities to 11. action. They created the Rail d’Ouessant shipping channel 12. that they could better control the flow of seagoing traffic. Moreover, 13. of the most powerful lanterns in the world was installed at the Creach lighthouse on Ouessant. Now, decades 14. the oil spill, life has slowly 15. returning to the Brittany coastline. Environmentalists hope a disaster 16. that won’t happen again.

23. In some lines there is one extra word. Cross it out.

Flying high
My family and I made our way to New Delhi airport to catch out flight home to Melbourne. The 1
flight was on schedule so that we boarded the 747 almost immediately and tried to get 2
comfortable since there was a long tiring journey ahead. Not for long after take-off the cabin 3
crew served to us our first meal. After we had eaten, they distributed headphones 4
and most of people settled down to watch the film which was about to begin, That’s when 5
the incident occurred. I was in my seat and as I’m a rather fearful flyer, I had my own seatbelt 6
fastened. All of a sudden, I had felt myself being pressed down really hard into my seat. 7
The plane had been thrown hundreds of feet upwards as if it were weighed no more than a 8
toy aeroplane. No sooner had this happened than I felt something like a ten-ton truck 9
trying to pull me out of my seat. People were thrown up into the air, overhead luggage 10
compartments flew open and people’s belongings which were everywhere. It was total chaos. 11
The whole thing only lasted a matter of few seconds but the results were disastrous. 12
There were holes in the ceiling, baggage and food trays all over the whole place. People 13
were screaming and some more of them were moaning in pain. Shortly afterwards the captain told
us that it would be necessary to land in Calcutta as there were being many injured 15
people who needed to be taken to hospital. Luckily, my parents were not injured. I will never 16
forget my experience and I have a good laugh when I think about that it was my fear that 17
had probably saved me from being seriously injured. 18

24. Complete the text with appropriate forms of the words in the brackets.

Maurice Green
On the 16th June 1999, Maurice Green, a 1. (remark) athlete from Kansas broke the 100 metre world record with the 2. (believe) time of 9.78 seconds. However, after closer 3. (examine), a hundredth of a second was added because of a 4. (calculate). According to Green, his 5. (succeed) has a lot to do with his coach, John Smith. Smith realised that Green required additional 6. (strong) and put together a 7. (specify) programme involving weight training. With time, Green gained the 8. (confide) and speed that were necessary to pull off his impressive 9. (achieve). When asked what he thought of the title “the world’s 10. (fast) human”, he smiled and said he enjoyed it and has no 11. (intend) of giving up this title too quickly.

25. Complete the text with appropriate words from the brackets.

Landslides and avalanches
People often 1. (involve/confuse/interfere/combine) the words ‘landslide’ and ‘avalanche’. They may seem quite 2. (alike/like/same/similar) to each other but in actual fact they aren’t. A landslide is when massive 3. (numbers/totals/amounts/sizes) of rock and soil 4. (remove/move/depart/transfer), whereas an avalanche is a sudden flow of large mass of snow or ice down a slope, sometimes at speeds of up to 1600 kilometres per hour. Whatever the 5. (option/case/matter/reason), both types of slides occur in mountainous areas such as the Alps and the Himalayas and both cause great destruction over large areas of land. In addition, they often create floods by damming rivers and may even destroy whole towns by burying them. The fact that considerable 6. (ruin/damage/loss/injury) can be caused by both landslides and avalanches has 7. (made/ affected/ resulted/ forced) many countries to take precautionary 8. (warnings/measures/ laws/actions). In Switzerland, for instance, protective devices have been designed which 9. (warn/threaten/risk/advise) of the 10. (possibility/ opportunity/chance/occasion) of an avalanche. Snow patrols in mountain areas detonate explosives that cause smaller, less destructive slides. This 11. (task/manner/process /way) is supposed to prevent larger ones from occurring. What’s more, in places where people live, trees are sometimes planted close together to stop large masses of snow from 12. (producing/adding/increasing/building up) and therefore risking a slide. This is a(n) 13. (effective/succeeded/valuable/suitable) way of protecting 14. (both/other than/not only/even) property but also people. All in all, avalanches and landslides are definitely a huge problem. 15. (Over/Under/Beside/In) the circumstances, people can only take the necessary precautions in the hope of protecting themselves 16. (in the event/in a state/in danger/in any case) of a disaster.

26. Complete each gap with one suitable word.

Clowns to teach physical education
Believe it or 1. as part of the upgraded Physical Education Curriculum, clowns and trapeze artists are being brought in to train Physical Education teachers. This step is part of the government’s new policy to improve the image of Physical Education. The clowns are teaching the teachers 2. to perform basic circus skills. This will enable 3. to offer a wider range of physical activities to the students. The Ministry of Culture, Media and Sport is concerned 4. the fact that many teenagers 5. a life lacking 6. physical exercise and sports because they have lost interest in them. Statistics show that a large 7. of students are completely indifferent 8. traditional sports such as rugby, netball and hockey, which are criticised for “not being fun”. The change in the curriculum, however, is set to cause controversy among traditional teachers. A leading Physical Education Association is already opposed to 9. changes and questions 10. circus skills such as unicycling or the trapeze can conform to the schools’ strict health and safety regulations. Furthermore, the Association 11. doubts about these circus-type activities as they offer nothing to a student’s future. The Association made it clear that its members are not against any change to the Physical Education curriculum, but they would 12. provide students 13. the kind of activities that will be of some 14. to them. However, other teachers consider 15. unfortunate that circus skills and acrobatics are looked 16. on and believe that such routines can develop children’s balance, co-ordination and dexterity.

27. In some lines there is one extra word. Cross it out.

My favourite pastime
As a child, my mother she had bought me a book about dinosaurs. Thinking back, 1
I suppose that is what sparked my interest in paleontology. I was amazed by their size 2
and the fact that some of them were like as big as a house. I spent a lot of my free 3
time on drawing dinosaurs and copying illustrations from books. Later, in fourth class 4
we were taken on an excursion to a museum. That is when I saw a real dinosaur for the 5
first time. In actual fact, it was a life-size replica of one. It made such a big impression 6
on me! Of course my most favourite film is “Jurassic Park”, which I have seen twelve times! 7
During that time I also read every book on dinosaurs I could get my both hands on. 8
Today I work part-time at a museum. There, during my break up I get to 9
look at the displays and study them. I also do some volunteer work with a palaeontologist who 10
I met at the museum. I help clean dinosaur bones which are eventually fixed together 11
with a metal frame and put on the display in museums as complete skeletons. I find 12
what I do fascinating. Did you know that there are more than a thousand species of dinosaurs 13
which have been discovered? And who knows how many are to be discovered. As though 14
I learn more about our past and what the earth was like for millions of years ago, I 15
realise that I want to learn more. Once I will finish university, I hope to become a 16
palaeontologist by myself. I may even make my own discovery one day. 17

28. Complete the text with appropriate forms of the words in the brackets.

Information overload
Humans are getting 1. (inform) overload thanks to faxes, e-mail and data from the Web. Almost every area of modern 2. (social) is swamped with data. Occupational psychologists are warning that this can be 3. (danger) to our health. High blood 4. (press) and migraines are only two of the problems one may suffer. People are also becoming more 5. (aggression) and as stress levels go up so does the 6. (consume) of cigarettes and alcohol. This in turn affects the immune system so people get sick more often and become 7. (exhaust) easily. This is quite 8. (irony) considering that electronic age is supposed to make our lives 9. (easy). Therefore, we must make the effort to cut down on using computers, mobile phones and pagers. In the final 10. (analyse), leading a 11. (health) life is more important than anything we can get out of the computer.

29. Some of the lines have extra words in them. Cross the extra words out.

Teen trends
Since the middle of the twentieth century famous fashion designers have influenced 1
teenagers’ tastes in clothes. But they are not themselves the only ones who have. Pop 2
and film stars set their own other trends and influence teenagers in a number of ways. 3
Teenagers who idealise these stars copy their own looks. Take for example Madonna, who 4
always has her own style of dressing herself. It wasn’t long before many teenage Madonnas 5
appeared, wearing huge crucifixes and having their hair been cut and styled just like hers. 6
Sadly, however, teenagers do not only become fashion of victims, but they also adopt attitudes 7
and behaviour patterns wich could be detrimental. For instance, rock stars who may 8
be aggressive or connected with drugs can influence their young fans on one way or another. 9
The consequences of all this depend on how far and how long teenagers have a 10
hang-up on their idol. Parents understandably object them, become worried about 11
sudden changes in their children’s behaviour and often argue with them. In the end, 12
parents realise that there is little chance of changing their children’s way of the thinking. 13
Teenagers, however, soon lose an interest in their idols and move on to other things. 14
All in all, although teenagers are influenced by stars, this usually seems to be a passing phase. 15

30. Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word.

A talent for lying
Although we are all natural born liars, most of us seem to take it 1. granted that lying is bad. However difficult this fact might be to face 2. to, psychologists argue that lying is just 3. important as any other social skill we possess. We learn 4. art of deception very early in life; by the age of five, we have not only become more efficient 5. lying, but we have also learned how to read people’s reactions and act accordingly. 6. instance, if someone is avoiding direct eye contact with us, this makes us think that we’re being lied to so we might lie too. A person’s smile is also 7. giveaway. A genuine smile makes the skin near the eyes crease, whereas a ‘put on’ smile doesn’t have the 8. effect on the facial features 9. a real one. Another classic sign of lying is fidgeting, that is touching one’s nose and ears, or playing with hair and clothes.
Even though both women and men know how to watch 10. for clues that somebody is lying, it is a fact that women are 11. more skilful liars 12. men. Despite this, women are also more affected by other people’s feelings, so they have more sympathy 13. them. As a result, women tend to be 14. willing to have 15. honest conversation.
31. Complete the text below with the correct form of the words in bold type.

32. Read the text below and decide which answer from the brackets best fits each space.

33. Some of the words in this text shouldn’t be there. Cross them out.

Haile
1. Last summer was a turning point in my life. I would never have to
2. understood what suffering meant if I hadn’t become a volunteer at
3. the Somalian Refugee Camp in Eastern Ethiopia. It was a mission I
4. couldn’t turn it down. When my parents heard the news, they were
5. taken by a surprise, but they could understand my wanting to come to
6. the aid of my fellow man. My outlook on life and war changed, all because
7. of Haile, a young Somalian boy who drew to my attention right from the
8. beginning. He must had lost both his parents and had cut himself off
9. completely from everyone. His world was in few pieces. He couldn’t eat
10. or drink for days and I knew I had to do something before it was too late.
11. I was unable to can speak to him in his own language, so I started
12. reading stories to him in English. He was used to wait for me at my tent
13. every evening. Of course, he couldn’t have understand the language, but I
14. knew he understood the way I felt about him. What I did must to have
15. helped, as he began showing some interest in life again. Today, I might
think of Haile and wonder what he’s doing.

3. Read the text below and decide which answer from the brackets best fits each space.

Advertising
In this day and age advertising is big business. It 1. (sets, puts, lays, does) a lot of effort into effectively 2. (introducing, explaining, informing, mentioning) the public about a product or service. Decades ago 3. (announcements, descriptions, publicity, information) for new products occurred through radio 4. (notices, reports, commercials, statements) or simple newspaper advertisements. Today, they are introduced through a 5. (variety, choice, collection, selection) of means. Companies can choose 6. (from, between, through, throughout) the print media, television, radio or even huge lit – up billboards that 7. (have been, have being, had been, had being) put up around our cities and which 8. (mean, approve, suggest, consult) that we buy this type of ice-cream or that type of trainer. Advertising companies use a number of techniques to attract our attention, including stunning photography, eye-catching graphics, jingles or clever 9. (descriptions, comments, reports, announcements). 10. To be more specific, Yet, Besides, What is more), companies may employ famous people like film stars to 11. (recommend, suggest, advise, propose) their products. However, many governments have introduced rules and regulations that advertisers must follow and which 12. (reveal, indicate, point, show) what may and may not be done. These codes of conduct 13. (reassure, insure, ensure, confirm) that advertisers don’t make exaggerated claims or offend certain groups of people. In some countries, advertisements can be 14. (published, displayed, illustrated, demonstrated) only in specific areas. 15. (Furthermore, Nevertheless, Otherwise, Likewise), some countries do not 16. (accept, admit, agree, approve) of the advertising of certain products, like tobacco, so they don’t allow such advertising at all.

ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES

Ex. 1
1. with
2. so
3. order
4. as
5. so
6. Since/As
7. therefore/so
8. of
9. due
10. despite
11. spite
12. whereas/but
Ex. 2
1. because
2. many
3. from
4. owing/due/thanks
5. takes
6. have
7. for
8. their
9. to
10. although/while
11. about/of
12. though
13. like
14. with
15. having
16. so
17. however/though
18. have/enjoy
19. despite
20. from
21. by
22. at
Ex. 3
1. ignore
2. robbed
3. blow
4. criminals
5. since
6. avoided
7. chasing
8. however
9. off
10. for fear of
11. taken
12. purpose
13. nuisance
14. by
15. blame
16. accused
17. took
18. but
19. prevent
Ex. 4
1. considerable
2. sensible
3. ignorance
4. preferable
5. difference
6. containing
7. undesirable
8. bodies
9. resistant
10. discovery
Ex. 5
1. secure
2. produced
3. for
4. diseases
5. pay
6. protect
7. endangers
8. pain
9. fragile
10. suffer
11. recover
12. lead
13. harmed
14. unhealthy
15. up
16. as long as
Ex. 6
1. announced
2. with
3. after all
4. offer
5. suit
6. off
7. with
8. similar
9. suitable
10. ideal
11. warned
12. like
13. outsider
14. unlike
15. bear
16. apologised
17. tell
Ex. 7
1. whenever
2. fastest
3. proud
4. success
5. somebody/someone
6. pursuit
7. excellence
8. dampen
9. thought
10. determination
11. American
12. European
Ex. 8
1. when
2. if
3. so
4. having
5. taken
6. in
7. due
8. despite
9. order
10. long
11. of
12. whereas/while
13. unless
14. out
15. rather
16. time
Ex. 9
1. ideal
2. involved
3. manage
4. although
5. raise
6. in
7. place
8. achieve
9. experienced
10. effect
11. eager
12. suffer
13. support
14. costs
15. nevertheless
16. improves
Ex. 10
1. down
2. ever
3. being
4. out
5. do
6. their
7. between
8. however
9. from
10. another
11. more
12. time
13. of
14. have
15. when
16. in
Ex. 11
1. ٧
2. will
3. of
4. either
5. so
6. ٧
7. which
8. ٧
9. rather
10. enough
11. ٧
12. ٧
13. right
14. at
15. in
16. ٧
17. little
Ex. 12
1. philosopher
2. mathematician
3. respected
4. greatly
5. remarkable
6. extensive
7. discovery
8. angled
9. addition
10. scientists
11. contribution

Ex. 13
1. discovered
2. assistant
3. gained
4. staff
5. proved
6. curious
7. out
8. interest
9. noticed
10. attack
11. series
12. came up with
13. stopped
14. rate
15. available
16. reported
Ex. 14
1. than
2. even
3. of
4. on
5. themselves
6. to
7. between
8. if/when/whenever
9. from
10. well
11. ca/could
12. whereas/while
13. out
14. likely
15. much
16. or
Ex. 15
1. ٧
2. on
3. them
4. as
5. own
6. if
7. up
8. do
9. ٧
10. ٧
11. too
12. who
13. ٧
14. very
15. ourselves
16. ٧
17. little
Ex. 16
1. sunny
2. impression
3. mixture
4. flattened
5. practically
6. resemblance
7. sensitive
8. accuracy
9. fatal
10. painful
11. unfriendly
Ex. 17
1. related
2. size
3. reaches
4. considered
5. like
6. common
7. skilled
8. appear
9. on average
10. valuable
11. incapable
12. protest
13. attempts
14. allow
15. in this way
16. ensuring
Ex. 18
1. make
2. no
3. worth
4. fact
5. ways
6. the
7. about
8. where
9. get/take
10. as/since/because
11. through
12. if
13. like
14. order
15. in
16. last
Ex. 19
1. ٧
2. being
3. such
4. up
5. as
6. been
7. ٧
8. out
9. they
10. ٧
11. to
12. for
13. not
14. also
15. yourself
16. ٧
17. ٧
Ex. 20
1. developed
2. physicist
3. simply
4. successfully
5. endanger
6. ability
7. (in)valuable
8. defence
9. various
10. instructions
11. collisions
Ex. 21
1. reach
2. ambition
3. for
4. forgot
5. passed away
6. opportunity
7. expedition
8. avoid
9. voyage
10. head
11. due to
12. discourage
13. set out
14. exploring
15. of
16. possessed
Ex. 22
1. by
2. when
3. in
4. on
5. than
6. result
7. to
8. were
9. which
10. of
11. take
12. so
13. ona
14. after
15. been
16. like
Ex. 23
1. ٧
2. that
3. for
4. to
5. of
6. own
7. had
8. were
9. ٧
10. ٧
11. which
12. few
13. whole
14. more
15. being
16. ٧
17. about
18. ٧
Ex. 24
1. remarkable
2. unbelievable
3. examination
4. miscalculation
5. success
6. strength
7. specific
8. confidence
9. achievement
10. fastest
11. intention
Ex. 25
1. confuse
2. similar
3. amounts
4. move
5. case
6. damage
7. forced
8. measures
9. warn
10. possibility
11. process
12. building uo
13. effective
14. not only
15. under
16. in the event
Ex. 26
1. not
2. how
3. them
4. about
5. lead
6. in
7. number
8. to
9. these
10. whethe/if
11. has
12. rather
13. with
14. use/help
15. it
16. down
Ex. 27
1. she
2. ٧
3. like
4. on
5. ٧
6. ٧
7. most
8. both
9. up
10. ٧
11. ٧
12. the
13. ٧
14. though
15. for
16. will
17. by
Ex. 28
1. information
2. society
3. dangerous
4. pressure
5. aggressive
6. consumption
7. exhausted
8. ironic(al)
9. easier
10. analysis
11. healthy
Ex. 29
1. ٧
2. themselves
3. other
4. own
5. herself
6. been
7. of
8. ٧
9. on
10. ٧
11. them
12. ٧
13. the
14. an
15. ٧
Ex. 30
1. for
2. up
3. as
4. the
5. at
6. for
7. a
8. same
9. as
10. out
11. far/much
12. than
13. for
14. more
15. an
EX. 31
1. officially
2. scientist
3. biological
4. scientific
5. medical
6. economic
7. emphasise
8. unhygienic
9. summarise
10. nutritious
Ex. 32
1. cash
2. borrowed
3. saved
4. thanks to
5. instalments
6. amount
7. by and large
8. benefits
9. making
10. discounts
11. a choice
12. do
13. on
14. make ends meet
15. debt
16. in paying
17. financial
Ex. 33
1. to
2. ٧
3. ٧
4. it
5. a
6. ٧
7. to
8. must
9. few
10. ٧
11. can
12. was
13. have
14. to
15. might
Ex. 34
1. puts
2. informing
3. publicity
4. commercials
5. variety
6. from
7. have been
8. suggest
9. comments
10. what is more
11. recommend
12. indicate
13. ensure
14. displayed
15. furthermore
16. approve

Источники информации:

• http://lektsia.com/4x8f26.html
• http://school10-mgn.ru/zadaniya-po-delovoi-angliiskii-yazyk-delovoi-inostrannyi-yazyk-ii.html
• http://pandia.ru/text/78/292/536-3.php
• http://www.edukacja.edux.pl/p-25234-structural-and-lexical-exercises.php