What athletes can take part in the modern olympic games

What athletes can take part in the modern olympic games

You are going to give a talk about Olympic Games. You will have to start in 1,5 minutes and speak for not more than 2 minutes (10-12 sentences). Remember to say:

— what kind of sports they include;

— what athletes can take part in the modern Olympic Games;

— why people think that the Olympic Games are important;

— What your attitude to the modern Olympic Games is.

You have to talk continuously.

The Olympic Games have a very long history. As far as I know they began in Greece in ancient times and a lot of people were involved in the games. The ancient list of kind of sports included running, wrestling, boxing, discus throwing, the pentathlon and so on. Modern list includes various kinds such as jumping, basketball, volleyball, hockey, swimming and other popular kinds. Many nations of the world support their athletic teams during the competitions. There are two types of games: Olympic winter and summer games.

Nowadays not only amateurs, but also professional athletes can take part in these games. Each country should send a team of the best athletes and the whole nation supports them. The winners of each event are given not only certain number of points, but also some prizes and medals.

The Olympic games are extremely popular nowadays, that is why a lot of people consider them to be important. These games provide us an opportunity to meet like-minded people, get acquainted with foreigners and learn something new. Moreover, the International Olympic Committee decides where each Olympics will be held and ask different cities to be hosts. It can help in resolving the national economic problems or just to broaden the horizons of some nations. That is why I like The Olympic Games. They unite the world and remind us about the importance of peace.

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Тема / Топик по английскому языку:
The Olympic Games

The Olympics have a very long history. They began in 776 BBC, and took place for nearly 1200 years at Olympia, Greece. The citizens of all the Greek states were invited to take part in the games. The prizes were wreaths made of branches of olive trees. Ancient Olympic Games were a great athletic festival and included many different kinds of sports: running, boxing, discus throwing, wrestling, the pentathlon (five different sports) and others. In 394 A.D. the games were stopped by the Roman Emperor Theodosius.

Only fifteen years later, in 1894, a Frenchman, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, managed to persuade people from fifteen countries to start the Olympic Games again. The International Olympic Committee was set up in 1894, and the first of the modern series of the Games took place in Athens two years later, in 1896. There were competitions in many kinds of sports: running, jumping, boxing. All the nations of the world were invited to send their athletic teams. From then on the Olympic Games have been international and the number of events on the programme have increased.

In these games only amateurs, or non-professional athletes can take part. Each country sends teams for as many different events as possible. The winners of each event are given a certain number of points. The International Olympic Committee decides where each Olympics will take place. They ask a city (not a country) to be the host.

The Olympic games are attended by thousands and thousands of people every time they are held. They provide an opportunity for lovers of sports of all nations to meet together.

Topical Vocabulary

Ответьте на вопросы после перевода текста.

Answer the questions:

1. How often and where did the ancient Olympic Games take place?

2. What kinds of sports did they include?

3. How did the modem Olympic Games begin?

4. What athletes can take part in the modem Olympic Games?

5. What are the winners In each event given?

6. Why are the Olympic Games so important?

Переведите предложения на английский язык.

Translate into English:

1. В течении 1200 лет Олимпийские Игры проводились в Олимпии каждые 4 года.

2. Победителям в метании диска, борьбе, пятиборье и других видах спорта вручались венки из веток оливы.

3. В 1894 году барон Пьер де Кубертен основал международный Олимпийский Комитет.

4. В первых современных Олимпийских Играх более 2 000 участников состязались в различных видах спорта.

5. В олимпийских Играх участвуют только спортсмены-любители.

6. Количество состязаний в современных Олимпийских Играх увеличилось.

7. Команда каждой страны состоит из спортсменов, принимающих участие в соревнованиях по различным видам спорта.

8. Международный Олимпийский Комитет обращается с просьбой выбранному им городу стать хозяином Олимпиады.

9. На соревнованиях Олимпиады приходят тысячи людей.

Изучите следующие слова к тексту.

(Study the following words to the text)

to honour Zeus в честь Зевса

physical fitness and strength хорошая физическая форма и сила

a contest in discus and javelin соревнования по метанию диска

throwing и копья

horse and chariot racing гонки на лестницах

to compete соревноваться

to honour winners чествовать победителей

to attach much importance to придавать большое значение

to be abolished быть запрещенным

to be renewed быть возобновленным

to follow the pattern set by следовать модели,установленной

the ancient Olympic Games древние Олимпийские Игры

marathon race марафон

inclusion of women включение женщин

to stand the test of time выдержать проверку временем

to maintain the ideal of amateurism сохранять идеал любительства

the International Olympic Committe Международный Олимпийский

to be set up быть основанным

the central policy-making body центральный орган, определяющий

the Olympic movement олимпийское движение

a representative of participant countries представитель стран-членов

to make the ultimate decision принять окончательное решение

to be allocated to a city приписываться городу

to appear as host выступать в качестве хозяина

the national anthem национальный гимн

to march past the Lodge of Honour пройти мимо Почетной Ложи

a host country страна-хозяйка

the Olympic hymn Олимпийский гимн

to light the Olympic flame зажечь Олимпийский факел

to join the Olympic movement вступить в Олимпийское движение

to collect medals получить медали

to break Olympic and world records установить Олимпийские и мировые рекорды

to host the Olympic Games принимать Олимпийские Игры

Прочитайте следующий текст и переведите предложения с новыми словами (Read the following text and translate the sentences with the studied words)

Text В

The Olympic Games

In 776 BC the first Olympic were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to honour the Greek’s chief God, Zeus. The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth. Therefore contests in running, jumping, discus and javelin throwing, boxing and horse and. chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honoured by having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their deeds. Originally these were held as games of friendship, and any wars in progress were halted to allow the games take place.

The Greeks attached so much importance to these games that they calculated time in four-year cycles called «Olympiads».

In 394 AD the Games were abolished and were not renewed until many centuries later.

Renewal of the Games came in 1896, when the first modem Olympic Games were held in Athens due to the French educator Baron Pierre de Coubertin. The first Olympiad was held in Athens and followed the pattern set by the ancient Olympic Games. Some events, like marathon race, have been added, and the inclusion of women, and also the series of winter sports. Otherwise, the framework elaborated for the first Games, has stood the test of time. The modern Games have maintained the original ideal of amateurism.

In 1896 the International Olympic Committee was set up. It is the central policy-making body of the Olympic movement, formed by the representatives of participant countries. The IOC makes the ultimate decision as to the program of the Games, the number of participants and as to where the Games of the next Olympiad are to be held. The Games are allocated to a city, not to a country. Over 150 countries are represented in the IOC at present.

Much importance is attached to opening ceremony. At the opening of the Games the International Olympic Committee appears as host. The national anthem of the host country is played, and all the participants march past the Lodge of Honour. The Head of the host country declares the Games open, then the Olympic flag is raised and the Olympic hymn is sung. Then the Olympic flame is lit that will bum till the end of the Games. The Olympic torch has been carried from Olympia by torch bearers, one for each kilometre, about 340 in all.

The Olympic flag has five coloured interlaced rings, representing the five parts of the world, on a white background. The motto of the Olympic Games is «Citius, Altius, Fortius» (Faster, Higher, Stronger).

Russia joined the Olympic movement in 1952. Since then, Soviet sportsmen and sportswomen have collected a great lot of gold, silver and bronze medals, not to mention the numerous Olympic and world records they have broken. In 1980 Moscow hosted the 22 Olympic Games.

The importance of the Olympic Games was well expressed by Coubertin: «The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not win, but to take part, just as the most important thing in life is not the triumph but the struggle».

Can Professional Athletes Compete in the Olympics?

Herbert Kratky / Shutterstock.com

The Olympics, which occurs every four years, is one of the world’s greatest sporting events. Inspired by the ancient Olympics in Greece, the modern games began in 1896 and were long known as a bastion for amateurism with professionals being unable to compete in the games.

However, during the latter half of the 20th century, the IOC (International Olympic Committee) has had to adapt to a number of political and economic advancements and one of these was the growing issue of corporate endorsements and sponsorship which blurred the lines of amateurism and professionalism resulting in the rules being steadily relaxed for almost all sports in the Olympic movement, allowing professionals to compete in all sports, except boxing and wrestling.

Why Were Only Amateur Sportsmen and Women Allowed To Compete In The Olympic Games?

Pierre de Coubertin was the founder of the International Olympic Committee and was the driving force behind the first of the modern Olympic Games. Pierre de Coubertin was greatly influenced by the aristocratic ethos behind the English public school system that saw sport as a fundamental part of an all-round education, summed up by the Latin phrase mens sana in corpore sano (healthy body, healthy mind).

As part of this philosophy, young gentlemen were not expected to be specialists in one activity but to be an all-rounder. Fairness was also an overriding principle with training almost considered to be cheating. Those who played or practiced a sport professionally were considered to have an unfair advantage over their amateur counterparts.

Professional Athlete Controversies

The fact that professional sports people were long excluded from the Olympic Games has resulted in a number of controversies. In 1912, Jim Thorpe who won gold medals in both the pentathlon and decathlon was stripped of his medals after it was discovered he was a professional sportsman. However, he wasn’t a professional pentathlete or decathlete, it was the fact he had been paid for playing baseball in a semi-professional capacity. The IOC restored his medals posthumously in 1983 on compassionate grounds.

Other controversies include the 1936 Winter Olympics boycott by Austrian and Swiss skiers. This was in reaction to some of them being banned from competing for teaching the art of skiing and they were, therefore, considered “professional”, as they had earned money from their sport.

The Transition from Amateurism to Professionalism

As the 20th century moved on, so did the perception of sport. The idea of the gentleman amateur gradually became out-dated and the line between amateur and professional became blurred. One of the main reasons for this lay not in the capitalist west but in the communist Eastern Bloc countries, such as Russia and East Germany. They pioneered the idea of the state sponsored ‘full time amateur athlete’, which in turn, put those athletes who were forced to be self financing at a severe disadvantage. The IOC also gradually came to the realisation that allowing sponsorship, advertising, and other commercial interests could turn the Olympic Games into a goldmine that could attract the very best international professional athletes.

The most iconic moment that defines the leap from amateurism to professionalism in the Olympic Games was the United States Basketball team at the Barcelona Olympics in 1992. The team was made up of some of the most famous ever players to play in the NBA including Charles Barkley, Magic Johnson, Michael Jordan, Larry Bird, and Patrick Ewing and was described as the ‘Dream Team’, as well as the greatest sports team ever to be assembled. Unsurprisingly, the team easily progressed through the Olympic competition and won the gold medal, beating Croatia 117-85 in the final.

The Olympics Today

Today, professional athletes are allowed to compete in the Olympic Games alongside their amateur counterparts. However, two sports continued to resist the onset of professionalism in the Olympics. These are wrestling and boxing. However, the AIBA (Amateur International Boxing Association) has signalled that it will allow professionals to compete in the Olympics, beginning in 2016. Wrestling in its Olympic form remains an amateur sport but this could well change by the time it next makes an appearance in the 2020 games.

What athletes can take part in the modern olympic games

Задание №11842.
Чтение. ОГЭ по английскому

Вы проводите информационный поиск в ходе выполнения проектной работы. Определите, в каком из текстов A — F содержатся ответы на интересующие Вас вопросы 1 — 7. Один из вопросов останется без ответа.

1. Where is the history of the Olympic Games presented to the visitors?
2. What were the reasons to stop the Olympic Games twice in the 20th century?
3. How many Olympic Games were held in Greece?
4. What are the official languages of the modern Olympics?
5. What were the life-long benefits for the first Olympic Games winners?
6. What does the Olympic symbol mean?
7. Why was that place chosen for the Olympic Games?

A. A victory in the Olympic Games in Ancient Greece made a man a national hero and all the little children wanted to be like him. The first champions got free food and housing for their whole lives. They were mentioned in poems and became well-known all over the country. Sculptors even built statues of the competitors. Everyone respected and admired them.

B. Olympia was a relatively peaceful and neutral area. It had a beautiful green valley which was very suitable for all kinds of sports competitions. People could easily get to Olympia because there were two rivers nearby. It was impossible to find a better place anywhere else in Greece.

C. The Olympic Museum was founded in 1993 in Switzerland. It is surrounded by a park with wonderful works of art based on a sporting theme. It has a big collection of pieces connected with the Olympic movement. It also has the largest number of books and documents about the Games in the world. No wonder the place is one of the main tourist attractions.

D. The modern Olympics began in 1894. Baron Pierre de Coubertin, a Frenchman, decided to bring back the ancient Greek tradition. He wanted to begin a sports festival to celebrate health, youth and peace. The first modern Olympiad took place in Athens in 1896. Since then, the Olympic Games have been held every four years with two exceptions because of the two world wars.

E. The Olympic Games traditionally start with the “Parade of the Nations”. Most of the participating athletes walk out into the stadium. The Greek athletes open the parade and the hosts appear on stadium the last. The name of each country is announced in French and English, the official languages of the Olympic Games, and the language spoken in the country that organizes the Games.

F. The five Olympic rings represent the five main regions of the world – Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania. They are blue, yellow, black, green and red because every national flag in the world includes one of these five colours. The rings are connected and there is a reason for it. It’s done to show that the Games are for all nations. All good sportsmen can come and compete against one another in unity.

Решение:
В тексте A содержится ответ на вопрос 5 (What were the life-long benefits for the first Olympic Games winners? — Какие пожизненные преимущества получили первые победители Олимпийских игр?): «The first champions got free food and housing for their whole lives.»

В тексте B содержится ответ на вопрос 7 (Why was that place chosen for the Olympic Games? — Почему именно это место было выбрано для проведения Олимпийских игр?): «People could easily get to Olympia because there were two rivers nearby. It was impossible to find a better place anywhere else in Greece.»

В тексте C содержится ответ на вопрос 1 (Where is the history of the Olympic Games presented to the visitors? — Где гостям представлена ​​история Олимпийских игр?): «The Olympic Museum was founded in 1993 in Switzerland. »

В тексте D содержится ответ на вопрос 2 (What were the reasons to stop the Olympic Games twice in the 20th century? — По каким причинам в ХХ веке дважды останавливались Олимпийские игры?): «. with two exceptions because of the two world wars.»

В тексте E содержится ответ на вопрос 4 (What are the official languages of the modern Olympics? — Какие официальные языки современных Олимпийских игр?): «he name of each country is announced in French and English, the official languages of the Olympic Games. »

В тексте F содержится ответ на вопрос 6 (What does the Olympic symbol mean? — Что означает олимпийский символ?): «The five Olympic rings represent the five main regions of the world. »

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