What does token mean
What does token mean
What does token mean?
I always hear the word token, eg. request a token.
I usually replace that word with «key».
But what does it mean exactly?
3 Answers 3
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A token is a unit of information (as opposed to a unit of data witch could be an integer). It is the smallest chunk of data that composes information.
for instance, in a compiler tokenizer, the char array <'c', 'l', 'a', 's', 's'>would be a chunk of data composing the token «class» (Because a complete word is, in most cases, the smallest kind of information a compiler deals with).
It depends on what kind of «token» you’re talking about.
If you’re talking about a hardware token, it’s a piece of hardware that gives each user an identification number. That number is then paired with their username/password to provide an extra level of authentication.
If you’re talking about a software token, then it’s simply a piece of identifying information that is given to you after you authenticate with a system.
Once you have a token, you can provide that token to the authentication system to prove that you’re already an authenticated user.
In authentication systems, a hardware device (e.g., smart card, calculator-line device, or flash drive), or software on a client computer, that stores the user’s credentials and generates a one-time password. The authentication process commonly involves a challenge-response dialogue between the token and a dedicated authentication server. In conjunction with a personal identification number (PIN) and supplemental password, a token is an excellent security mechanism. See also authentication, password, and security.
Not the answer you’re looking for? Browse other questions tagged authentication token or ask your own question.
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Token meaning
A token is a virtual currency that represents a utility or an asset
What does ‘token’ mean in crypto? – Photo: Shutterstock
Token definition
A token is a kind of cryptocurrency that can represent a particular asset or utility.
Normally built on a blockchain, tokens have a variety of different purposes. They can signify that the token holder will have access to something, like a cinema ticket that enables you to see a film, or they can be used to signify ownership of something, such as gold or a virtual collectible kitten.
Types of crypto tokens
Put simply, crypto tokens can normally be categorised in one of three ways:
How tokens are traded
Tokens are usually bought and sold on crypto exchanges. They can be exchanged for other cryptocurrencies or converted into fiat currencies such as the US dollar. However, this is only possible if a token has been listed on one of these platforms.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have properties that make them unique and unlike others. Although all plane tickets look the same, each one has different seat number and destination details printed on it, making them non-fungible. Baseball cards are all the same shape and size, but the different players depicted on them make some cards rarer and more desirable than others.
The same principle applies to non-fungible tokens. As well as being used to represent collectibles such as digital cats, they can represent ownership of a rare piece of artwork or a fancy bottle of wine in the physical world.
What is a token?
The traditional meaning of the word
In economics, «token» we call numismatic objects, other than coins and banknotes. They are all kinds chips, found in casinos, as well as vouchers, gift cards and vouchers.
Tokens can also be found in board games, where they play the role of currency or points. Tokens are an element of the wedding tradition. wedding tokens, empty Reynolds and Witte, 2007) and railway signaling. We are, however, most interested in their relationship with computers.
The word «token» certainly has even more meanings. For example, a discrete number of characters in a Petri net is also called a «token» (Peterson, 1981). But let’s focus on the importance of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology.
Tokens and cryptocurrencies
Yes, as bitcoin or litecoin is a virtual coin, digital money, yes token is a virtual token. Its publishing is related to the process tokenizacji.
Token it can play the role of money. You can them pay for, usually strictly specified, type of services. The most common tokens are related to a project, company or person. For example, you can pay for a company’s tokens for its services, through its applications and the platform. They replace traditional cash. They allow quick, decentralized, settlement based on intelligent contracts, using blockchain technology.
The token can also be used as a cryptographic confirmation of ownership, e.g. shares of some companies. Such tokens are called Security Tokens and they are a kind of securities.
Tokens are often issued under ICO. The blockchain startup emits digital tokens and then sells them as building blocks to finance your project.
Tokens can be mean także Productsto be able to track them, e.g. in the supply chain or to assign ownership to them.
The difference between a token and a cryptocurrency is of little importance to an ordinary user and in practice they do not differ from each other. Simply put, cryptocurrency has its own blockchain created for the needs of this cryptocurrency. It is the basic coin for this blockchain. Meanwhile token is a chip that uses blockchain given cryptocurrency. Most often, fees for token transfers are collected in this cryptogram.
For example, the ethereum network allows you to generating your own tokens. Tokens use the ethereum blockchain (eg OmiseGO). They are only tokens that are used for payment or have some functions in applications (dApps) built based on the ethereum network.
Many projects have created a token for the needs of ICO. After collecting the funds, the token is available on the stock exchanges, and the team works on the implementation of the project, which often assumes the creation of its own blockchain. Once this is achieved, the foreign blockchain token is replaced with the coin (coin) of the correct blockchain.
Types of tokens
On many platforms, you can create tokens (eg ethereum, EOS, NEO). Each has its own standard.
The most popular platform on which most tokens are based is ethereum. The most popular standard is ERC20 (many known cryptocurrencies, e.g. Omisego, Golem, Augur, SunContract, Holo).
New standards are dynamically developed, corresponding to the need for securities tokenization, real estate or marking unique items (e.g. ERC-721).
Reference
Catalini, C., 2017. How Blockchain Technology Will Impact the Digital Economy. Oxford Business Law Blog.
Catalini, C., Gans, JS (2018). Initial coin offerings and the value of crypto tokens (No. w24418). National Bureau of Economic Research.
Conley, JP 2017. Blockchain and the economics of crypto-tokens and initial coin offerings (No. 17-00008). Vanderbilt University Department of Economics.
Peterson, JL, 1981. Petri Net Theory and the Modeling of Systems. Prentice Hall PTR, Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA.
Token
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Token is a unit of value issued by a tech or crypto start-up, intended to be a piece in the ecosystem of their technology platform or project. Tokens are supported by blockchains. They only physically exist in the form of registry entries in said blockchain. Initially, most tokens were based on the ERC20 protocol by Ethereum.
Tokens are different from bitcoins and altcoins in that they are not mined by their owners nor primarily meant to be traded (although they may be traded on exchanges if the company that issued them becomes valuable enough in the eyes of the public), but to be sold for fiat or cryptocurrency in order to fund the start-up’s tech project.
Contents
Token usage [ edit ]
Tokens can be used in a few cases:
Token value [ edit ]
The financial value of tokens is determined by their current market value which in turn depends on the level of user’s trust to a project: usually startups entering ICOs at the initial stage are secured with nothing but a business idea and a team.
Utility token [ edit ]
Utility tokens are such kind of tokens that allow their owner buying different services and service items. Utility tokens are used for financing of projects of common infrastructure that couldn’t receive such financing previously.
Security token [ edit ]
Security (“investment”) tokens are such kind of tokens that give their owner the right to implement his investment interests. It may be the right to participate in a legal entity, capital, profit, the status of a creditor or a lender.
What makes utility tokens different from security tokens? [ edit ]
U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) gave its official assessment on ICOs on July 25, 2017. According to the regulator, the rules that are valid for common stocks of companies when they enter an exchange should be applied to the tokens. It means that all the issuers are subject to registration to be able to issue their virtual securities.
There is the “Howey Test” [1] legislation created by the Supreme Court of the United States for determining whether certain transactions can be qualified as investment activity. The answer is affirmative in case it is determined that investment was made, it was the investment in a joint venture while the receipt of profit is expected mainly as a result of another person’s activity.
Utility tokes that are given by a start up to its client with the purpose of financing the client’s future purchases don’t serve as securities (security tokens) as their primary goal is it to make the process of purchasing easier but not to gain profit. The legal status of utility and security tokens has not been determined in the Russian law system yet.
Issuing user tokens [ edit ]
Virtual tokens as a crowdfunding tool were originally created to provide an opportunity to issue their own tokens to all the users of blockchain networks.
Platforms for the issuance of user tokens [ edit ]
The first platform used for the issuance of user tokens was the Ethereum platform. It is a decentralized virtual machine which transaction is based on smart contracts using the Proof-of-work (PoW) method.
Users can also issue their tokens using cryptocurrency platforms such as Waves Platform, NEM, Nxt and EOS. All of them have their pro’s and con’s but, in general, they all are proven tools for the issuance of user tokens.
Risks for users issuing tokens [ edit ]
Since ICO tools are not yet fully regulated, people who buy tokens take most of the risks as in most cases they are only secured with an attractive business idea and potential profit.
However the issue of crypto currency assets security concerns the issuer himself. Here is the brightest example – the story of the DAO venture capital fund that was established at the beginning of 2016 and shut down before the end of the year.
Prospects and predictions [ edit ]
After the decision made by the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission many American exchanges began to limit the purchase of certain types of tokens for their users that may present certain risk in the light of new legal norms.
In this regard, experts advise non-residents of America to issue utility tokens, without involving security tokens if possible. Otherwise, trading on American exchanges, they will automatically fall within the jurisdiction of the USA, which may cause undesirable effects.
The issuance of security tokens should be associated with official registration and execution of all U. S. Regulatory requirements for safe and legal cooperation with American investors in the area of blockchain technologies.
(token)
1 token
token payment символи́ческий взнос в счёт до́лга
token vote парл. голосова́ние символи́ческой су́ммы ассигнова́ния с после́дующим её уточне́нием
by the same token, by this token, (more) by token к тому́ же, кста́ти; кро́ме того́; и ещё ли́шнее доказа́тельство того́, что
2 token
3 token
4 token
token coin = token money
5 token
token desegregation — символическая десегрегация; символический приём в «белую» школу двух-трёх негров
token imports — импорт незначительных количеств товара, символический импорт
token money — счётные символические деньги, деньги-знаки
6 token
к тому-же;
кроме того, и еще лишнее доказательство того, что;
token money фин. биллонные деньги by the same
к тому-же;
кроме того, и еще лишнее доказательство того, что;
token money фин. биллонные деньги by the same
к тому-же;
кроме того, и еще лишнее доказательство того, что;
token money фин. биллонные деньги cloakroom
подарочный купон token знак;
in token of respect в знак уважения object
вчт. символическое изображение объекта token знак;
in token of respect в знак уважения
подарок на память
талон, жетон (тж. для автомата)
attr. имеющий видимость, подобие (чего-л.) кажущийся;
символический;
token smile подобие улыбки by the same
к тому-же;
кроме того, и еще лишнее доказательство того, что;
token money фин. биллонные деньги
resistance видимость сопротивления;
token payment символический взнос в счет долга
resistance видимость сопротивления;
token payment символический взнос в счет долга
attr. имеющий видимость, подобие (чего-л.) кажущийся;
символический;
token smile подобие улыбки
vote парл. голосование символической суммы ассигнования с последующим ее уточнением
7 token
8 token
As a token of goodwill, I’m going to write another letter. — В качестве знака расположения я собираюсь написать ещё одно письмо.
After due suffering, the hero was rewarded with a marriage or some token of divine favour. — После полагающихся испытаний герой вознаграждался браком или неким знаком божественной благосклонности.
You will honour me beyond measure if you accept so small a token from one who is your humble servant. — Вы окажете мне безмерную честь, если примете столь незначительный памятный подарок от вашего покорного слуги.
Some of the older telephones still only accept tokens. — Некоторые старые телефоны-автоматы до сих пор принимают только жетоны.
Tokens of this vowel varied on dimensions of height, rounding and length. — Реализации этой гласной фонемы различались по параметрам высоты, лабиализации и долготы.
A sufficient quantity of tokens of a given type of construction will ever appear in a piece of spontaneous discourse. — Достаточное количество репрезентаций конструкции данного вида никогда не появляется в отрезке спонтанной речи.
Miners have staged a two-hour token stoppage to demand better pay and conditions. — Шахтёры устроили двухчасовую символическую забастовку, чтобы потребовать повышения заработной платы и улучшения условий труда.
9 token
10 token
token data — данные маркера; фишки; данные речевого фрагмента
11 token
аутентификационный маркер
маркер
Информация, передаваемая в процессе обмена данными строгой аутентификации, которая может использоваться для аутентификации отправителя этой информации.
Рекомендация МСЭ-Т X.509.
[http://www.rfcmd.ru/glossword/1.8/index.php?a=index&d=23]
Тематики
Синонимы
брелок
токен
Физическое устройство со специальными возможностями, необходимое для получения доступа в систему. В качестве токена может использоваться смарт-карта, программируемый ключ и т.д.
[ http://www.rfcmd.ru/glossword/1.8/index.php?a=index&d=4763]
Тематики
Синонимы
кадр маркера
Формативная комбинация бит, передаваемая станцией данных локальной вычислительной сети с целью упорядоченной в соответствии с адресами станций и приоритетностью данных передачи станциям полномочий на доступ к физической среде.
[ ГОСТ 29099-91]
Тематики
Тематики
Синонимы
маркер (полномочие)
жезл
эстафета
Конкретный способ реализации полномочия в локальной сети в виде передачи маркера (определенной последовательности битов) с одной станции на другую для указания станции, которая имеет право начинать передачу.
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]
Тематики
Синонимы
элементарное значение
—
[Е.С.Алексеев, А.А.Мячев. Англо-русский толковый словарь по системотехнике ЭВМ. Москва 1993]
Тематики
3.72 средство идентификации (token): Контролируемое пользователем устройство (например, диск, смарт-карта, компьютерный файл), содержащее информацию, которая может использоваться в электронной торговле для аутентификации или управления доступом.
4.31 токен (token): Физическое устройство, содержащее информацию о его обладателе (конечном пользователе) или авторе (пользователе).
3.72 средство идентификации (token): Контролируемое пользователем устройство (например диск, смарт-карта, компьютерный файл), содержащее информацию, которая может использоваться в электронной торговле для аутентификации или управления доступом.
12 token
13 token
14 token
15 token
16 token
17 token
18 token
token money — счётные символические деньги, деньги-знаки
19 token
in token of friendship — в знак дру́жбы
20 token
См. также в других словарях:
Token — may refer to:* Token (railway signalling), a physical object given to a locomotive driver to authorize him to use a particular stretch of single railway track * Token coin, a piece of metal or other composition used as a substitute for currency;… … Wikipedia
Token — (aus dem englischen: token) bezeichnet: Token (Münze), eine englische Scheidemünze privater Prägung Token (EDV Netzwerk), eine Bitsequenz in bestimmten EDV Netzwerken Security Token, eine Hardwarekomponente zur Identifizierung und… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Token — To ken (t[=o] k n), n. [OE. token, taken, AS. t[=a]cen; akin to OFries. t[=e]ken, OS. t[=e]kan, D. teeken, G. zeichen, OHG. Zeihhan, Icel. t[=a]kan, teiken, Sw. tecken, Dan. tegn, Goth. taikns sign, token, gateihan to tell, show, AS. te[ o]n to… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
token — ► NOUN 1) a thing serving to represent a fact, quality, feeling, etc. 2) a voucher that can be exchanged for goods or services. 3) a disc used to operate a machine or in exchange for particular goods or services. ► ADJECTIVE 1) done for the sake… … English terms dictionary
token — The phrase by the same token is used to connect a statement to something said previously, and means roughly ‘for the same reason’ or ‘in the same way’. Although it is used less precisely than these definitions imply, there should always be some… … Modern English usage
Token — To ken, v. t. [imp. & p. p.
Tōken — (engl., »Zeichen«), Münzzeichen, Wertzeichen; von englischen Städten und Privatleuten unter eignem Wappen 1648–72 geprägte Kupfermünzen zu 1/2 Penny, dann vor und nach 1800 neben den schlechten Scheidemünzen des Staates von englischen Banken und… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
token — I noun augury, auspice, chip, device, emblem, evidence, expression, favor, figurehead, indicant, indicator, keepsake, manifestation, memento, omen, portent, proof, relic, remembrance, sign, souvenir, symbol II index binder, bounty, brand, clue … Law dictionary
Token — ⇡ Token Passing … Lexikon der Economics
token — 1 *sign, mark, symptom, badge, note Analogous words: *symbol, emblem, attribute: *evidence, testimony: indication, proving or proof, betokening (see corresponding verbs at INDICATE) 2 *pledge, earnest, pawn, hostage … New Dictionary of Synonyms