What household chores young people in zetland mostly do at home

What household chores young people in zetland mostly do at home

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. When we don’t sleep

2. Not only for humans

3. How dreaming helps

4. When we dream

5. Why dreams can be scary

6. What we feel dreaming

7. How we forget dreams

8. How we remember dreams

A. Even though our dreams may feel like they last for hours and hours, we hardly spend more than two hours dreaming each night, which means a person spends a total of nearly six years dreaming throughout a lifetime. In general there are four phases of the sleep cycle and all dreaming occurs practically at the final phase. Each of these sleep cycles lasts approximately 60 to 90 minutes and may repeat several times throughout the night.

B. Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams. Many people dream of falling, which is often connected to something in our lives that is going in the wrong direction. In addition, dreams of being chased are very common and are linked to avoidance. Also people report dreams about their teeth falling out, which is related to the words and communication we might have in real life.

C. Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives. Dreams play an important role in processing and remembering information that we absorb daily. Also, they help reduce stress and even solve problems. It’s very possible to work through real-life problems while dreaming at night. In addition, dreams provide a lot of important content and meaning that can be used to inspire and direct our lives during the day.

D. Nearly 5 to 10% of adults have nightmares. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger. However, in some cases adults may have frequent nightmares that are unrelated to their everyday lives, which may signify that they are more creative, sensitive, and emotional than the average person.

E. There is no person who does not have dreams, but not everybody recalls them. The most vivid dreams happen during the Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage when the brain is extremely active and the eyes move back and forth quickly underneath the eyelids. Although dream recall varies from person to person, some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up.

F. Scientists have found that animals also dream and their subconscious thoughts are connected to real experiences. Animals’ dreams are complex, containing long sequences of events. Animals’ brains share the same series of sleeping states as the brain of human beings. Analyzing animals’ dreams and the content of their dreams may help scientists treat memory disorders and develop new ways for people to learn and retain information more effectively.

G. Only five minutes after the end of a dream and half of the content is likely to vanish from our memories. It’s not that dreams aren’t important enough to keep in mind, but other things tend to get in the way. Dream researcher L. Strumpell believes that dreams disappear from our memories for a number of factors. For example, we may not recall dream images that lack intensity, association or repetition, which are usually needed for dream recall.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Russia is famous for its diversity, as well as its hospitality. The best way to show Russia to someone is to bring home something special. Matryoshka and balalaika are quite stereotypical presents. There are many other goods A_______________________.

Woolen shawls have always been popular in Russia because of cold winters. The shawls made in Pavlovsky Posad, B_______________________, are considered to be a traditional Russian gift. Woolen shawls and scarves have been made there since 1795. A wide shawl with a beautiful original pattern on it may be used like a blanket. It is nice to cover oneself up with it sitting in the armchair, watching a movie, C_______________________. The Pavlovsky Posad manufacture produces scarves for men as well. They can be bought through the Internet, or in brand stores, D_______________________.

Belyovskaya pastila is a souvenir E_______________________. It has been made since the 19th century in the town of Belyov near Tula. This is a very special kind of Russian confection. Though it is called “pastila”, it is not a marshmallow style delicacy. Belyovskaya pastila is made of dried apples. After they have been dried, they are mixed with egg whites and sugar and whipped. Belyovskaya pastila is similar to a cake, F_______________________ of apples. It is considered to be a natural product, and it is not of average price. Tourists can buy this kind of sweet at some confectioner’s shops throughout Moscow.

1. that one may buy in Moscow as a souvenir

2. which are situated in the centre of Moscow

3. that pleases the people with a sweet tooth

4. although it has a slightly sour taste

5. which is a town not very far from Moscow

6. riding a bike around the villages in Russia

7. reading a book, or drinking coffee or tea

1) watch TV a lot.

2) call her mother every half an hour.

3) go to the mall with her family.

4) do the shopping with her friends.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

Which of the following does Athena do monthly?

1) Goes to the mall with her family.

2) Uses the Snapchat.

3) Invites friends to her place.

4) Changes her iPhone.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

Which of the following is NOT true about iGen teenagers, according to the author?

1) Most of them feel extremely unhappy.

2) It is easy to hurt them psychologically.

3) They prefer loneliness to company.

4) They have more physical health problems.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

1) being glued to their phones.

2) behaving in a mean way.

3) listening attentively to friends.

4) discussing their problems.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

1) smartphones can cause mental health problems.

2) teenagers know the problems caused by phones.

3) smartphones make teenagers more aggressive.

4) her friend thought she was doing the right thing.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

What household chores young people in zetland mostly do at home

40.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on most popular birthday presents for teenagers in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).

Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Write 200−250 words.

Use the following plan:

— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

— select and report 2−3 facts;

— make 1−2 comparisons where relevant;

— outline a problem that can arise with choosing birthday present and suggest a way of solving it;

— conclude by giving your opinion on the importance of birthday presents for teenagers.

40.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on what museums teenagers like visiting in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results of the opinion polls (see the diagram below).

Comment on the data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

What museums do teenagers like visiting in Zetland?

Museums of local history

Write 200−250 words.

Use the following plan:

— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

— select and report 2−3 facts;

— make 1−2 comparisons where relevant;

— outline a problem that can arise with visiting museums and suggest a way of solving it;

— conclude by giving your opinion on the role of visiting museums and art galleries in teenagers’ life.

40.1 Many people believe that birthday is a special holiday for everyone. The purpose of the project I am currently working on is to find out more about it. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some data on most popular birthday presents for teenagers in Zetland.

According to the data, there is quite a wide range of presents people traditionally give teenagers for their birthdays. It is clear that the majority of the respondents (46%) consider money to be the best gift. Moreover, a great number of people (23%) prefer buying gadgets for teenage birthday. It is worth mentioning that chocolate is the best present for 16% of the respondents.

Surprisingly, only 9% of the respondents think buying soft toys as birthday presents for the adolescents. It is a bit more popular answer than jewellery. To my mind, push toys seem to be childish and jewellery are commonly interesting for girls.

One problem that can arise with choosing birthday present is that sometimes people buy the same things. Unfortunately, it happens and it is unpleasant for everybody. One solution to this problem is to use special appliance where a birthday boy can write his wish list and guests can choose present to buy and tick it.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that birthday presents are very important for teenagers. They are still waiting for this magic time like in their childhood. (234 words)

40.2 Nowadays a lot of teenagers spend their free time visiting museums particularly there is a variety of museums and galleries. The aim of the project I am currently working on is to find out what museums teenagers like visiting in Zetland. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some relevant data presented in the diagram.

According to the data, the younger generation in Zetland has quite a wide range of tastes when it comes to cultural enrichment. It is clear, that the vast majority of the respondents prefer visiting interactive museums, 70% of the teenagers have named them. Also, 18% of the interviewed adolescents like spending time going to science museums, whereas historical museums, art galleries and museums of local history appear to be the least popular places to visit.

It is worth mentioning that spending time learning local history is four times less interesting for the teenage visitors than learning history in general. To my mind, historical discoveries attract young generation more than things nearby.

One problem that can arise with visiting museums is that excursions are usually uninteresting owing to the visitors can only walk, look and listen to the guide. One solution to this problem is to organize interactive excursions so that the visitors can touch, try to use or try on copies of museums objects. It makes a visit to a museum to become an adventure.

In conclusion, I firmly believe that visiting museums and art galleries play a significant role in teenagers’ life. It helps them learn something new and broaden the horizons. (261 words)

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

1. Friendship increases in visiting friends, but in visiting them seldom.

2. Modern TV series are better than blockbuster films.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

Чтобы успешно написать высказывание с элементами рассуждения следует:

— строить высказывания в соответствии с предложенным планом;

— начинать введение с общего представления темы и предложения, отображающего ее проблемный характер;

— во введении необходимо перефразировать тему/проблему, используя синонимичные выражения;

— в основной части сначала высказать свое мнение и аргументировать его, затем представить точки зрения других людей и дать аргументацию, почему с ними не согласны;

— приводя контраргументы, отстаивая свою точку зрения, желательно использовать перифраз, синонимию;

— в заключительном абзаце еще раз указать на проблемный характер темы, показать, что вы способны видеть и другие точки зрения, тем не менее ваша кажется вам более убедительной;

— делить текст на абзацы, которые отражают содержательную и логическую структуру текста;

— сделать введение и заключение приблизительно одинаковыми по объему;

— разбить основную часть как минимум на два абзаца, приблизительно одинаковых по размеру;

-следить за тем, чтобы общий объем основной части был не меньше общего объема введения и заключения;

— особое внимание уделять средствам логической связи текста, как внутри предложения, так и между предложениями.

После выполнения задания уделите внимание проверке и подсчету количества слов (должно быть 200—250 слов).

Приведем пример эссе.

Friendship has always been a sensitive issue. When speaking of it, some say visiting your friends rarely enhances your friendship, others argue the key is maximizing the time you spend together.

I tend to agree with the latter for two main reasons. The first one is the concept of friendship itself. Memories are what holds the relationship together, and they cannot be obtained with the friends being separated. The second one is that spending time together allows the friends to get to know each other better, which is helpful for a relationship rather than not.

However, there are people that think spending too much time together does the friendship more harm than it does good. They say the friends can grow weary of each other and it can ruin ther relationship.

I cannot agree with them, though. The people that have enough in common are pretty much guaranteed not to have enough of each other at any point, and those who do not are not a great pair to develop a true friendship.

To conclude, it is safe to say that enjoying time spent together is the key to building and supporting a friendship between people and always will be.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

America’s fun place on America’s main street

If any city were considered a part of every citizen in the United States, it would be Washington, DC. To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves A ________________. If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or В ________________. Doing so will keep you aware of the latest musical events, great happenings and international dining, to say the least.

Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit С ________________. Today, our architecture and spirit of innovation continues to evolve and thrive. And, thanks to forward-thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both D ________________ with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events. All designed to entertain lunch, mid-day and after work audiences all week long.

A highlight of the Old Post Office Pavilion is its 315-foot Clock Tower. Offering a breath-taking view of the city, National Park Service Rangers give free Clock Tower tours every day! Individuals and large tour groups are all welcome. The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England E ________________. The Washington Ringing Society sounds the Bells of Congress every Thursday evening and on special occasions.

Visit the Old Post Office Pavilion, right on Pennsylvania Avenue between the White House and the Capitol. It is a great opportunity F ________________, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

1. that are offered to the visitors

2. its glamorous past and fun-filled present

3. as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences

4. by joining our e-community

5. that was sweeping the country

6. celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War

7. to learn more about American history

A−3: To many, the Old Post Office Pavilion serves as a landmark reminder of wonderful experiences.

B−4: If you are in the area, be a part of it all by visiting us — or by joining our e—community.

C−5: Originally built in 1899, the Old Post Office Pavilion embodied the modern spirit that was sweeping the country.

D−2: And, thanks to forward—thinking people, you can now stroll through the Old Post Office Pavilion and experience both its glamorous past and fun—filled present with international food, eclectic shopping and musical events.

E−6: The Old Post Office Clock Tower also proudly houses the official United States Bells of Congress, a gift from England celebrating the end of the Revolutionary War.

F−7: It is a great opportunityto learn more about American history, this is a landmark not to be missed no matter your age.

Вы услышите 6 высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего A–F и утверждениями, данными в списке 1–7. Используйте каждое утверждение, обозначенное соответствующей цифрой, только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

1. The speaker liked the panorama in front of the hotel.

2. The speaker talks about having problems with police on arrival.

3. The speaker had a hard time finding his way to the hotel.

4. The speaker tells how to save money while visiting an expensive place.

5. The speaker gives advice on choosing a place to stay at while travelling.

6. The speaker found the view from his hotel room awful.

7. The speaker was surprised at some norms of cultural behaviour in the country he was visiting.

Speaker A. On my arrival in Tokyo, I spent a night in a traditional Japanese hotel. It was a terrible experience. My window opened onto the narrow dirty street, which lay between two buildings. The opposite building was so close that I could touch it. I looked out of the window and saw the sky, which was as grey as the building in front of me.

Speaker B. We stayed at the Bay Island hotel, which was a pleasure, as it faced the sea. The colour of the sea was blue, a colour that I had not seen in any of the beaches in India. It was calm and beautiful. I was happy about the fact that we were going to spend 10 days in such a beautiful place. All we had to do was sit in the open restaurant, look at the sea, enjoy the cool breeze and feel good.

Speaker C. During my trips I had to sleep in hotels, hostels, at Bed and Breakfasts and at friends’. Staying at your friends’ is the best thing to my mind, but if you don’t have any friends who are willing to give you a bed for the night, you should go to Bed and Breakfast. Those which I visited had nice rooms and very friendly hosts who were very proud of their home town.

Speaker D. We landed in Guatemala City at 10 p.m. I went through customs and hoped to see someone from the nearby hotel. I had booked my first night there. But nobody was meeting me. I didn’t know the way to the hotel, so I got general directions about how to get there from a policeman. It was about 200 meters from the airport. They had not received my booking, but luckily they found a room for me.

Speaker E. On my arrival in Japan one of my friends took me to a performance of Japanese classical dance and music. My attention was taken more by the evening audience than by what was going on the stage. It was very strange that there were almost no men at the concert. Later I found out that Japanese women, even if they are married, usually go out by themselves, or with their female friends. It is the norm here.

Speaker F. I can say that staying in hotels in Hong Kong as well as shopping costs a lot. However, visitors can have a wonderful time and they don’t necessarily have to spend a lot of money. I always stay at a youth hostel, which is much cheaper than staying at a hotel. I have my meals either at a fast food restaurant or cook breakfast myself at the hostel. One of my favourite experiences in Hong Kong was taking a noisy tram back to the hostel from the horse races at night.

A−6: My window opened onto the narrow dirty street.

B−1: We stayed at the Bay Island hotel, which was a pleasure, as it faced the sea.

C−5: During my trips I had to sleep in hotels, hostels, at Bed and Breakfasts and at friends’. Staying at your friends’ is the best thing to my mind, but if.

D−3: Didn’t know the way to the hotel, so I got general directions about how to get there from a policeman. It was.

E−7: My attention was taken more by the evening audience than by what was going on the stage. It was very strange that there were almost no men at the concert.

F−4: However, visitors can have a wonderful time and they don’t necessarily have to spend a lot of money.

Выберите только ОДНО из двух предложенных высказываний и выразите своё мнение по предложенной проблеме согласно данному плану.

Comment on one of the following statements.

1. Nature is powerful enough to oppose any harmful human interference.

2. Friendship increases in visiting friends, but in visiting them seldom.

What is your opinion? Do you agree with this statement? Write 200–250 words. Use the following plan:

− make an introduction (state the problem)

− express your personal opinion and give 2–3 reasons for your opinion

− express an opposing opinion and give 1–2 reasons for this opposing opinion

− explain why you don’t agree with the opposing opinion

− make a conclusion restating your position

Чтобы успешно написать высказывание с элементами рассуждения следует:

— строить высказывания в соответствии с предложенным планом;

— начинать введение с общего представления темы и предложения, отображающего ее проблемный характер;

— во введении необходимо перефразировать тему/проблему, используя синонимичные выражения;

— в основной части сначала высказать свое мнение и аргументировать его, затем представить точки зрения других людей и дать аргументацию, почему с ними не согласны;

— приводя контраргументы, отстаивая свою точку зрения, желательно использовать перифраз, синонимию;

— в заключительном абзаце еще раз указать на проблемный характер темы, показать, что вы способны видеть и другие точки зрения, тем не менее ваша кажется вам более убедительной;

— делить текст на абзацы, которые отражают содержательную и логическую структуру текста;

— сделать введение и заключение приблизительно одинаковыми по объему;

— разбить основную часть как минимум на два абзаца, приблизительно одинаковых по размеру;

-следить за тем, чтобы общий объем основной части был не меньше общего объема введения и заключения;

— особое внимание уделять средствам логической связи текста, как внутри предложения, так и между предложениями.

После выполнения задания уделите внимание проверке и подсчету количества слов (должно быть 200—250 слов).

Today some people believe that pollution caused by human isn’t that significant. Others are convinced that we should be more careful because our technologies become dangerous to all the living creatures on Earth.

In my opinion, nature can’t resist to all the damage that people cause and you should keep in mind that progress never stops and the situation keeps getting worse until we do some measures concerning protection of nature. Moreover, there are thousands of factories around the world and they are harmful to all creatures living nearby. But the most dangerous thing is that ozone depletion caused by human interference could make all living organisms extinct.

But some people are convinced that we shouldn’t bother that much about nature. They believe that human aren’t powerful enough to cause any significant damage to things around them. They also say that we could keep exploiting natural resources and nothing bad will happen.

I disagree with this point of view because these people fail to understand that current technologies should be wisely used but most individuals aren’t responsible enough to do that. And people do cause damage to nature and there are scientific evidence telling us that.

Taking everything into consideration, there are two different points of view on that problem. I’m convinced that nature can’t resist forever and we should do some measure to improve the current situation.

Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

Only seven prisoners were freed by the storming of the Bastille. In France, 14 July, Bastille Day, is a national holiday and a glorious national symbol. From the rousing paintings of the scene, you might think hundreds of proud revolutionaries flooded into the streets waving tricolours. In fact, only just over half a dozen people were being held at the time of the siege.

One hundred lives were lost in the attack, including that of the governor, whose head was carried through Paris on a pike. Soldiers invalided out of regular service – and conditions were fairly comfortable for most inmates, with relaxed visiting hours and furnished lodgings. The painter Jean Fragonard’s sketch of visiting day in 1785 shows fashionable ladies promenading around the courtyard with the prisoners, who were given a generous spending allowance, plenty of tobacco and alcohol, and were allowed to keep pets.

Полезно вначале прочитать текст задания про себя; выделить трудные для произношения слова; разметить интонацию; прочитать текст шепотом, а потом вслух, обращая внимание на слитность и беглость речи.

Читая текст, избегайте необоснованных пауз в речи, верно расставляйте ударения и правильно используйте интонацию, не нарушайте нормы произношения слов.

Установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами A–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок.

1. Perfect for a quiet holiday

2. Land of nature wonders

3. Bad for animals

4. A visit to the zoo

5. Perfect for an active holiday

6. Difficult start

7. New perspectives

8. New rules to follow

A. The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are a wild and beautiful part of Europe. A golden eagle flies over the mountains. A deer walks through the silence of the forest. Salmon and trout swim in the clean, pure water of the rivers. Some say that not only fish swim in the deep water of Loch Ness. Speak to the people living by the Loch. Each person has a story of the monster, and some have photographs.

B. Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise — just flowers, birds, long sandy beaches and the Tresco Abbey Garden. John and Wendy Pyatt welcome you to the Island Hotel, famous for delicious food, comfort and brilliant service. You will appreciate superb accommodation, free saunas and the indoor swimming pool.

C. The Camel and Wildlife Safari is a unique mixture of the traditional and modern. Kenya’s countryside suits the Safari purposes exceptionally well. Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort.

D. Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip. It is late, you are road-weary, and everything is new and strange. You need an affordable place to sleep, something to eat and drink, and probably a way to get around. But in general, it’s a wonderful trip, full of wonderful and unusual places. Whether it is the first stop on a trip or the fifth city visited, every traveller feels a little overwhelmed stepping onto a new street in a new city.

E. No zoo has enough money to provide basic habitats or environments for all the species they keep. Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat. Many will agree that this isolation is harmful to the most of zoo inhabitants, it can even amount to cruelty.

F. A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for many endangered animals. The plan has been devised by both animal and business experts to provide world-leading accommodation for all our animals, to more fully engage and inform people about conservation issues, to redesign certain aspects of Zoo layout.

G. Leave-no-trace camping is an increasingly popular approach to travel in wilderness areas. As the term suggests, the goal is for the camper to leave as little impact as possible on the place he is visiting. One of its mottos is “Take nothing but pictures. Leave nothing but footprints.” Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in, pack it out, but it goes beyond that.

A−2: The mountains of Scotland (we call them the Highlands) are a wild and beautiful part of Europe.

B−1: Tresco is a beautiful island with no cars, crowds or noise — just flowers.

C−5; Tourists will have a chance to explore the bush country near Samburu, to travel on a camel back or to sleep out under the stars. Modern safari vehicles are always available for those who prefer comfort.

D−6: Arrival can be the hardest part of a trip.

E−3: Most animals are put in a totally artificial environment, isolated from everything they would meet in their natural habitat.

F−7: A new London Zoo Project is a ten year project to secure the future for the Zoo and for many endangered animals.

G−8: Its simplest and most fundamental rule is: pack it in, pack it out, but it goes beyond that.

Which reason for the trip to the rainforest was NOT mentioned?

1) Dream of visiting South America.

2) Gathering a collection.

3) Thirst for adventures.

4) Saving rainforests.

I arrived at the cloud forest in Ecuador ten days ago. I was one of a group of twelve volunteers that wanted to save the rainforest. My reasons for going on this trip were twofold: firstly, I wanted to collect and bring back alive some of the fascinating animals, birds and reptiles that inhabit this region; secondly, I had long cherished a dream to see South America: not the inhabited South America with its macadam roads, its cocktail bars, its express trains roaring through a landscape denuded of its flora and fauna by the beneficial influences of civilization. I wanted to see one of those few remaining parts of the continent that had escaped this fate and remained more or less as it was when America was first discovered: I wanted to see its rainforests, its vast lands of untouched, pure, natural wildlife. We were working together with local people and scientists and we were learning and seeing new things every day. Our lodge was comfortable, had breathtaking views and was in the middle of the rainforest. It was a two-hour walk from the nearest road, and it was even further to the nearest village.

The rainforest is truly an astonishing place. There are thousands of species of plants here and more than 700 species of birds. There are millions of insects and scientists think there may be around forty mammal species that haven’t even been discovered. But what I was really amazed at how everything depends on everything else for survival.

Every tree in the rainforest is covered in a species of another kind. The black wasp uses the tarantula as a nest for its eggs, plants need monkeys for seed dispersal, and the clouds are necessary for the survival of the whole rainforest. This is because they provide moisture. The problem is, climate change is causing the clouds to rise by 1—2 meters every year. What will happen to the plants that need this moisture? What will happen to the animals that need those plants?

Our job was to watch this changing ecosystem. One of my favourite projects was the bird survey. Every day a group of us set out at around five o’clock with a local scientist. At this time of the morning the air was filled with the sound of bird song. We had to identify the birds we hear and see and write down our findings. Later, we entered all our information into a computer at the lodge.

We also set up cameras to record pumas, spectacled bears and other large mammals. It was always exciting to see pumas because it meant there were other animals around that they would normally hunt. We fixed the cameras to trees around the reserve, and every day a team of volunteers collected the cameras memory cards.

There was a lot to do in the rainforest, but at least I felt like we were making a difference.

However, soon I started collecting some animals and insects. I realized that as soon as the hunting got under way and the collection increased, most of my time would be taken up in looking after the animals, and I should not be able to wander far from camp. So I was eager to get into the forest while I had the chance.

Nevertheless, I should mention the fact that without the help of the natives you would stand little chance of catching the animals you want, for they know the forest, having been born in it. Once the animal is caught, however, it is your job to keep it alive and well. If you left this part of it to the natives you would get precious little back alive.

Who did NOT take part in the work in rainforests?

4) People living in the area.

We were working together with local people and scientists (we-volunteers).

According to the narrator scientists believe that

1) plants in the rainforest do not need so much water.

2) it’s impossible to control the animals and birds in the forest.

3) they should study animals without catching them.

4) there is a number of unknown types of animals in the rainforest.

There are millions of insects and scientists think there may be around forty mammal species that haven’t even been discovered.

What type of work did the volunteers have to do?

1) Study the birds’ singing.

2) Search for pumas and bears.

3) Observe the changes in the wildlife.

4) List the types of plants in the rainforest.

Our job was to watch this changing ecosystem.

The phrase “we were making difference” in paragraph 6 means

1) they were improving fauna of the rainforest.

2) they were changing the ecosystem of the place.

3) they made life in the forest more diverse.

4) their job would help in saving the forest.

There was a lot to do in the rainforest, but at least I felt like we were making a difference.

Why did the narrator go to the forest any time he had a chance to?

1) He liked hunting with local people.

2) He didn’t have chance to do any other work.

3) He wouldn’t have enough time for that later.

4) He had to feed animals that he had caught.

So I was eager to get into the forest while I had the chance.

According to the narrator he worked with local people because they

1) protected the animals.

2) were familiar with the place.

3) saved his life.

4) knew animals better.

If you left this part of it to the natives you would get precious little back alive.

Все остальные причины указаны в тексте, не упоминается только жажда приключений.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

What does Helen dream of visiting?

1) Local places of interest.

2) American cities.

3) Countries on other continents.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

Why did Helen change her original name?

1) She wanted to break her tribe traditions.

2) People found it difficult to pronounce it.

3) She did not like its meaning.

Helen: People call me Helen, though it is not my real name. All our names have special meanings; my original name for instance can be translated as ‘dewdrop’ from my native language.

Presenter: That is a beautiful name indeed! Why would one change it?

Helen: You see I had to when I went to school. It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce it as our system — I mean the Navaho system — of vowel sounds is so much different for people around, which makes it problematic both for ear and tongue. The sound of my name was closest to Helen so I put up with that.

Presenter: When people hear your tribe name, they imagine Indian-style tents and horse riding without a saddle. Could you explain what your land and people are like?

Helen: Much about the life of modern Native Americans is not the same as stereotypes may make you believe. Our land is basically a desert, with proper houses scattered everywhere. We no longer live in our traditional teepees. They are only used for religious meetings. We still ride horses as the land is very open. The people are nice and friendly. I live in a small community in New Mexico.

Presenter: Could you tell us about your family?

Helen: Well, mine is very large, with a lot of relatives spread all over the reservation, and some in different cities. I have three brothers, a sister and three sisters-in-law. I’m the youngest of my family. However, it is not a must, not all our families are the same size. They used to be like ours, but not anymore.

Presenter: What is your lifestyle like?

Helen: Again, far from stereotypes. I go out with friends and wear clothes like an ordinary person — we only wear squaw dresses on certain occasions. I play all types of sports.

Presenter: Do you feel that your traditions are being kept or have they been destroyed, as your people become more influenced by European culture?

Helen: In some families Navaho traditions are kept — they are in my family. Other families are being influenced by white culture, but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Presenter: Is English your first language?

Helen: When I was a child, I was taught both English and Navaho. Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me. The elders understand our language best.

Presenter: What do you do on an average weekend?

Helen: I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Presenter: Have you traveled much? What is your favourite place?

Helen: Yes, I have traveled. My favourite place is Connecticut. I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like. Navaho people are hospitable and we welcome travelers in our land too.

Presenter: Thank you, Helen.

It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

Which tradition, according to Helen, is still alive in Navaho lifestyle?

Helen: People call me Helen, though it is not my real name. All our names have special meanings; my original name for instance can be translated as ‘dewdrop’ from my native language.

Presenter: That is a beautiful name indeed! Why would one change it?

Helen: You see I had to when I went to school. It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce it as our system — I mean the Navaho system — of vowel sounds is so much different for people around, which makes it problematic both for ear and tongue. The sound of my name was closest to Helen so I put up with that.

Presenter: When people hear your tribe name, they imagine Indian-style tents and horse riding without a saddle. Could you explain what your land and people are like?

Helen: Much about the life of modern Native Americans is not the same as stereotypes may make you believe. Our land is basically a desert, with proper houses scattered everywhere. We no longer live in our traditional teepees. They are only used for religious meetings. We still ride horses as the land is very open. The people are nice and friendly. I live in a small community in New Mexico.

Presenter: Could you tell us about your family?

Helen: Well, mine is very large, with a lot of relatives spread all over the reservation, and some in different cities. I have three brothers, a sister and three sisters-in-law. I’m the youngest of my family. However, it is not a must, not all our families are the same size. They used to be like ours, but not anymore.

Presenter: What is your lifestyle like?

Helen: Again, far from stereotypes. I go out with friends and wear clothes like an ordinary person — we only wear squaw dresses on certain occasions. I play all types of sports.

Presenter: Do you feel that your traditions are being kept or have they been destroyed, as your people become more influenced by European culture?

Helen: In some families Navaho traditions are kept — they are in my family. Other families are being influenced by white culture, but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Presenter: Is English your first language?

Helen: When I was a child, I was taught both English and Navaho. Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me. The elders understand our language best.

Presenter: What do you do on an average weekend?

Helen: I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Presenter: Have you traveled much? What is your favourite place?

Helen: Yes, I have traveled. My favourite place is Connecticut. I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like. Navaho people are hospitable and we welcome travelers in our land too.

Presenter: Thank you, Helen.

We still ride horses as the land is very open.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

How does Helen characterize her family?

1) They stick to the reservation area.

2) It tries to preserve old traditions.

3) It is unusually big for Navaho tribes.

Helen: People call me Helen, though it is not my real name. All our names have special meanings; my original name for instance can be translated as ‘dewdrop’ from my native language.

Presenter: That is a beautiful name indeed! Why would one change it?

Helen: You see I had to when I went to school. It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce it as our system — I mean the Navaho system — of vowel sounds is so much different for people around, which makes it problematic both for ear and tongue. The sound of my name was closest to Helen so I put up with that.

Presenter: When people hear your tribe name, they imagine Indian-style tents and horse riding without a saddle. Could you explain what your land and people are like?

Helen: Much about the life of modern Native Americans is not the same as stereotypes may make you believe. Our land is basically a desert, with proper houses scattered everywhere. We no longer live in our traditional teepees. They are only used for religious meetings. We still ride horses as the land is very open. The people are nice and friendly. I live in a small community in New Mexico.

Presenter: Could you tell us about your family?

Helen: Well, mine is very large, with a lot of relatives spread all over the reservation, and some in different cities. I have three brothers, a sister and three sisters-in-law. I’m the youngest of my family. However, it is not a must, not all our families are the same size. They used to be like ours, but not anymore.

Presenter: What is your lifestyle like?

Helen: Again, far from stereotypes. I go out with friends and wear clothes like an ordinary person — we only wear squaw dresses on certain occasions. I play all types of sports.

Presenter: Do you feel that your traditions are being kept or have they been destroyed, as your people become more influenced by European culture?

Helen: In some families Navaho traditions are kept — they are in my family. Other families are being influenced by white culture, but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Presenter: Is English your first language?

Helen: When I was a child, I was taught both English and Navaho. Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me. The elders understand our language best.

Presenter: What do you do on an average weekend?

Helen: I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Presenter: Have you traveled much? What is your favourite place?

Helen: Yes, I have traveled. My favourite place is Connecticut. I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like. Navaho people are hospitable and we welcome travelers in our land too.

Presenter: Thank you, Helen.

На фразу «расскажите о вашей семье» следует ответ о ее размере, т. е. Хелен в первую очередь характеризует ее как большую, поэтому ответ 3.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

What is Helen’s opinion about keeping Navaho traditions?

1) Navaho people must assimilate into white culture.

2) Traditional lifestyle is appropriate only in reservations.

3) There should be a balance in accepting white culture.

Helen: People call me Helen, though it is not my real name. All our names have special meanings; my original name for instance can be translated as ‘dewdrop’ from my native language.

Presenter: That is a beautiful name indeed! Why would one change it?

Helen: You see I had to when I went to school. It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce it as our system — I mean the Navaho system — of vowel sounds is so much different for people around, which makes it problematic both for ear and tongue. The sound of my name was closest to Helen so I put up with that.

Presenter: When people hear your tribe name, they imagine Indian-style tents and horse riding without a saddle. Could you explain what your land and people are like?

Helen: Much about the life of modern Native Americans is not the same as stereotypes may make you believe. Our land is basically a desert, with proper houses scattered everywhere. We no longer live in our traditional teepees. They are only used for religious meetings. We still ride horses as the land is very open. The people are nice and friendly. I live in a small community in New Mexico.

Presenter: Could you tell us about your family?

Helen: Well, mine is very large, with a lot of relatives spread all over the reservation, and some in different cities. I have three brothers, a sister and three sisters-in-law. I’m the youngest of my family. However, it is not a must, not all our families are the same size. They used to be like ours, but not anymore.

Presenter: What is your lifestyle like?

Helen: Again, far from stereotypes. I go out with friends and wear clothes like an ordinary person — we only wear squaw dresses on certain occasions. I play all types of sports.

Presenter: Do you feel that your traditions are being kept or have they been destroyed, as your people become more influenced by European culture?

Helen: In some families Navaho traditions are kept — they are in my family. Other families are being influenced by white culture, but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Presenter: Is English your first language?

Helen: When I was a child, I was taught both English and Navaho. Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me. The elders understand our language best.

Presenter: What do you do on an average weekend?

Helen: I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Presenter: Have you traveled much? What is your favourite place?

Helen: Yes, I have traveled. My favourite place is Connecticut. I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like. Navaho people are hospitable and we welcome travelers in our land too.

Presenter: Thank you, Helen.

. but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

What does Helen say about her knowledge of the Navaho language?

1) She used to be better at it.

2) She still has an excellent command of it.

3) Her speaking skills are better than her writing.

Helen: People call me Helen, though it is not my real name. All our names have special meanings; my original name for instance can be translated as ‘dewdrop’ from my native language.

Presenter: That is a beautiful name indeed! Why would one change it?

Helen: You see I had to when I went to school. It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce it as our system — I mean the Navaho system — of vowel sounds is so much different for people around, which makes it problematic both for ear and tongue. The sound of my name was closest to Helen so I put up with that.

Presenter: When people hear your tribe name, they imagine Indian-style tents and horse riding without a saddle. Could you explain what your land and people are like?

Helen: Much about the life of modern Native Americans is not the same as stereotypes may make you believe. Our land is basically a desert, with proper houses scattered everywhere. We no longer live in our traditional teepees. They are only used for religious meetings. We still ride horses as the land is very open. The people are nice and friendly. I live in a small community in New Mexico.

Presenter: Could you tell us about your family?

Helen: Well, mine is very large, with a lot of relatives spread all over the reservation, and some in different cities. I have three brothers, a sister and three sisters-in-law. I’m the youngest of my family. However, it is not a must, not all our families are the same size. They used to be like ours, but not anymore.

Presenter: What is your lifestyle like?

Helen: Again, far from stereotypes. I go out with friends and wear clothes like an ordinary person — we only wear squaw dresses on certain occasions. I play all types of sports.

Presenter: Do you feel that your traditions are being kept or have they been destroyed, as your people become more influenced by European culture?

Helen: In some families Navaho traditions are kept — they are in my family. Other families are being influenced by white culture, but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Presenter: Is English your first language?

Helen: When I was a child, I was taught both English and Navaho. Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me. The elders understand our language best.

Presenter: What do you do on an average weekend?

Helen: I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Presenter: Have you traveled much? What is your favourite place?

Helen: Yes, I have traveled. My favourite place is Connecticut. I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like. Navaho people are hospitable and we welcome travelers in our land too.

Presenter: Thank you, Helen.

Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

Which of the following weekend activities does Helen NOT mention as her habit?

1) Watching films.

2) Taking part in traditional ceremonies.

3) Meeting peers.

Helen: People call me Helen, though it is not my real name. All our names have special meanings; my original name for instance can be translated as ‘dewdrop’ from my native language.

Presenter: That is a beautiful name indeed! Why would one change it?

Helen: You see I had to when I went to school. It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce it as our system — I mean the Navaho system — of vowel sounds is so much different for people around, which makes it problematic both for ear and tongue. The sound of my name was closest to Helen so I put up with that.

Presenter: When people hear your tribe name, they imagine Indian-style tents and horse riding without a saddle. Could you explain what your land and people are like?

Helen: Much about the life of modern Native Americans is not the same as stereotypes may make you believe. Our land is basically a desert, with proper houses scattered everywhere. We no longer live in our traditional teepees. They are only used for religious meetings. We still ride horses as the land is very open. The people are nice and friendly. I live in a small community in New Mexico.

Presenter: Could you tell us about your family?

Helen: Well, mine is very large, with a lot of relatives spread all over the reservation, and some in different cities. I have three brothers, a sister and three sisters-in-law. I’m the youngest of my family. However, it is not a must, not all our families are the same size. They used to be like ours, but not anymore.

Presenter: What is your lifestyle like?

Helen: Again, far from stereotypes. I go out with friends and wear clothes like an ordinary person — we only wear squaw dresses on certain occasions. I play all types of sports.

Presenter: Do you feel that your traditions are being kept or have they been destroyed, as your people become more influenced by European culture?

Helen: In some families Navaho traditions are kept — they are in my family. Other families are being influenced by white culture, but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Presenter: Is English your first language?

Helen: When I was a child, I was taught both English and Navaho. Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me. The elders understand our language best.

Presenter: What do you do on an average weekend?

Helen: I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Presenter: Have you traveled much? What is your favourite place?

Helen: Yes, I have traveled. My favourite place is Connecticut. I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like. Navaho people are hospitable and we welcome travelers in our land too.

Presenter: Thank you, Helen.

I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Helen: People call me Helen, though it is not my real name. All our names have special meanings; my original name for instance can be translated as ‘dewdrop’ from my native language.

Presenter: That is a beautiful name indeed! Why would one change it?

Helen: You see I had to when I went to school. It was not easy for my teachers and classmates to pronounce it as our system — I mean the Navaho system — of vowel sounds is so much different for people around, which makes it problematic both for ear and tongue. The sound of my name was closest to Helen so I put up with that.

Presenter: When people hear your tribe name, they imagine Indian-style tents and horse riding without a saddle. Could you explain what your land and people are like?

Helen: Much about the life of modern Native Americans is not the same as stereotypes may make you believe. Our land is basically a desert, with proper houses scattered everywhere. We no longer live in our traditional teepees. They are only used for religious meetings. We still ride horses as the land is very open. The people are nice and friendly. I live in a small community in New Mexico.

Presenter: Could you tell us about your family?

Helen: Well, mine is very large, with a lot of relatives spread all over the reservation, and some in different cities. I have three brothers, a sister and three sisters-in-law. I’m the youngest of my family. However, it is not a must, not all our families are the same size. They used to be like ours, but not anymore.

Presenter: What is your lifestyle like?

Helen: Again, far from stereotypes. I go out with friends and wear clothes like an ordinary person — we only wear squaw dresses on certain occasions. I play all types of sports.

Presenter: Do you feel that your traditions are being kept or have they been destroyed, as your people become more influenced by European culture?

Helen: In some families Navaho traditions are kept — they are in my family. Other families are being influenced by white culture, but I think it is wrong for a Navaho to be completely like a white person. Something truly authentic must remain.

Presenter: Is English your first language?

Helen: When I was a child, I was taught both English and Navaho. Now I have partly forgotten the latter — I can understand almost anything but speaking or writing may create a problem for me. The elders understand our language best.

Presenter: What do you do on an average weekend?

Helen: I go to Farmington, the nearest large town, and go shopping, eat out, and then go to the movies. A great weekend would be going to the mall where I’d hang out with friends.

Presenter: Have you traveled much? What is your favourite place?

Helen: Yes, I have traveled. My favourite place is Connecticut. I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like. Navaho people are hospitable and we welcome travelers in our land too.

Presenter: Thank you, Helen.

I would like to go overseas some day and see how people are there, and what their lifestyle is like.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

The planner contains the calendar that lets you know

1) many useful facts about natural phenomena.

2) how to organise your working time efficiently.

3) what places of interest are worth visiting in this season.

Вы услышите репортаж дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Воспользуйтесь плеером, чтобы прослушать запись.

The narrator made mistakes in his scheduling because his weekly planner

1) was written in a foreign language.

2) included a lot of additional information.

3) listed the days of the week in an unusual order.

Today I bought “The Ecological Calendar” that has peculiar formatting on its title. The calendar is apparently available in a few different formats. The one I’ve bought is a weekly planner for 2007, although it starts at the Winter Solstice, so it includes part of December too. It’s partly in the standard Gregorian format, so I don’t have to worry about making mistakes in it that take away from its usefulness. In 1997, I had a weekly planner where the week started with Monday instead of Sunday, as it does in some countries, and that little change caused a lot of havoc in any kind of scheduling that I tried to do.

However, it pairs the usual Gregorian calendar with a lot of information about the astronomical and seasonal changes that are happening at that time of year, so that you get the feeling of being connected to the grand cycles of nature. What the plants and animals are doing, when you can look for meteor showers, that sort of thing; it’s quite detailed.

This calendar concept is the one that is dear to me. It’s part of what I was trying to accomplish when I was working on my own calendar project called “The Book of Days”, which was supposed to give a sense of the passage of time so that each part of the year is meaningful. It would describe the patterns common among all cultures such as the psychological need for relief from the darkest part of winter, and most cultures say that the veil between our world and the other world is thinner at a certain time of the year, even though they don’t all agree on when that is. It would tell about the cycles in nature such as seasons, and any light-hearted contemporary events such as Rabbit Hole Day. It didn’t just list events, it drew connections between them so that you can get a feel for the significance of the current time.

However, “The Book of Days” was a very time-consuming thing to try and work on every day. I’d hoped that it would become a voluntary group project and thus would lessen the load of each contributing individual, but other people seemed to lack interest. I managed it for several months, but it was too much for one person to manage alone. Eventually I had to let them go off it for more important projects. I still want to see something like “The Book of Days”. That’s why I’m so glad to see that someone else has executed a similar project, “The Ecological Calendar”.

I also like the idea of redefining the scope of time that we humans perceive that I have found in “The Clock of The Long Now”, a book I’m in the middle of reading and which has already made a huge impression on me. That book argues that we need to expand our concept of time which looks not only at the present, back into the past and into the future at least a century each, but which also encourages us to learn from the past as well as consider our impact on future generations.

So for 2007, I’ll be completely redefining my perception of time to make it more meaningful, although that’s something I’ve been working on for a while now, since calendars fascinate me.

The calendar is apparently available in a few different formats. The one I’ve bought is a weekly planner for 2007, although it starts at the Winter Solstice, so it includes part of December too.

What household chores young people in zetland mostly do at home

Вы услышите интервью дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Tom thinks he owes his current good shape to …

1) relaxing on weekends.

2) eating lots of meat.

3) avoiding gluten.

Вы услышите интервью дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

2) 5 or 6 times a day.

3) 2 or 3 times a day.

Вы услышите интервью дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

What does Tom say about fast food?

1) He ate more of it when he was young.

2) He thinks it’s okay.

3) He never tried it.

Вы услышите интервью дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Bodybuilding makes Tom feel …

Вы услышите интервью дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

What is the main source of motivation for Tom?

1) Realizing his achievements.

2) Seeing his photos in the media.

3) His childhood memories.

Вы услышите интервью дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

Tom decided to take part in his first competition because he wanted to …

1) win the first prize.

2) get financial support.

3) become world-famous.

Вы услышите интервью дважды. Выберите правильный ответ 1, 2 или 3.

What piece of advice does Tom give to the listeners?

1) Allow yourself skip days when you feel lazy.

2) Try every training routine possible.

3) Don’t constantly change your training routine.

Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

1. When we don’t sleep

2. Not only for humans

3. How dreaming helps

4. When we dream

5. Why dreams can be scary

6. What we feel dreaming

7. How we forget dreams

8. How we remember dreams

A. Even though our dreams may feel like they last for hours and hours, we hardly spend more than two hours dreaming each night, which means a person spends a total of nearly six years dreaming throughout a lifetime. In general there are four phases of the sleep cycle and all dreaming occurs practically at the final phase. Each of these sleep cycles lasts approximately 60 to 90 minutes and may repeat several times throughout the night.

B. Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams. Many people dream of falling, which is often connected to something in our lives that is going in the wrong direction. In addition, dreams of being chased are very common and are linked to avoidance. Also people report dreams about their teeth falling out, which is related to the words and communication we might have in real life.

C. Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives. Dreams play an important role in processing and remembering information that we absorb daily. Also, they help reduce stress and even solve problems. It’s very possible to work through real-life problems while dreaming at night. In addition, dreams provide a lot of important content and meaning that can be used to inspire and direct our lives during the day.

D. Nearly 5 to 10% of adults have nightmares. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger. However, in some cases adults may have frequent nightmares that are unrelated to their everyday lives, which may signify that they are more creative, sensitive, and emotional than the average person.

E. There is no person who does not have dreams, but not everybody recalls them. The most vivid dreams happen during the Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage when the brain is extremely active and the eyes move back and forth quickly underneath the eyelids. Although dream recall varies from person to person, some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up.

F. Scientists have found that animals also dream and their subconscious thoughts are connected to real experiences. Animals’ dreams are complex, containing long sequences of events. Animals’ brains share the same series of sleeping states as the brain of human beings. Analyzing animals’ dreams and the content of their dreams may help scientists treat memory disorders and develop new ways for people to learn and retain information more effectively.

G. Only five minutes after the end of a dream and half of the content is likely to vanish from our memories. It’s not that dreams aren’t important enough to keep in mind, but other things tend to get in the way. Dream researcher L. Strumpell believes that dreams disappear from our memories for a number of factors. For example, we may not recall dream images that lack intensity, association or repetition, which are usually needed for dream recall.

B−6. Anxiety is the most popular emotion experienced in dreams.

C−3. Dreaming helps people make sense of the information and events that occur in their lives.

D−5. There are several reasons for it, for example when people start taking certain medications or when they withdraw from drugs. Some physical conditions, such as stress or illness, can also be a trigger.

E−8. Although dream recall varies from person to person, some people have little or no recollection of the content, and around 90% of dreams are gone following the first 10 minutes of waking up.

Прочитайте текст и заполните пропуски A–F частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. Одна из частей в списке 1–7 — лишняя. Занесите цифры, обозначающие соответствующие части предложений, в таблицу.

Russia is famous for its diversity, as well as its hospitality. The best way to show Russia to someone is to bring home something special. Matryoshka and balalaika are quite stereotypical presents. There are many other goods A_______________________.

Woolen shawls have always been popular in Russia because of cold winters. The shawls made in Pavlovsky Posad, B_______________________, are considered to be a traditional Russian gift. Woolen shawls and scarves have been made there since 1795. A wide shawl with a beautiful original pattern on it may be used like a blanket. It is nice to cover oneself up with it sitting in the armchair, watching a movie, C_______________________. The Pavlovsky Posad manufacture produces scarves for men as well. They can be bought through the Internet, or in brand stores, D_______________________.

Belyovskaya pastila is a souvenir E_______________________. It has been made since the 19th century in the town of Belyov near Tula. This is a very special kind of Russian confection. Though it is called “pastila”, it is not a marshmallow style delicacy. Belyovskaya pastila is made of dried apples. After they have been dried, they are mixed with egg whites and sugar and whipped. Belyovskaya pastila is similar to a cake, F_______________________ of apples. It is considered to be a natural product, and it is not of average price. Tourists can buy this kind of sweet at some confectioner’s shops throughout Moscow.

1. that one may buy in Moscow as a souvenir

2. which are situated in the centre of Moscow

3. that pleases the people with a sweet tooth

4. although it has a slightly sour taste

5. which is a town not very far from Moscow

6. riding a bike around the villages in Russia

7. reading a book, or drinking coffee or tea

B — 5: по правилам синтаксиса и грамматики на месте пропуска должен стоять фрагмент, полностью содержащий в себе сказуемое, но по смыслу подходит лишь фрагмент 5, т. к. в нем и в исходном предложении содержится информация о городе, географическое положение которого уточняется в контексте.

C — 7: конструкция предложения предполагает перечисление действий в Gerund сразу после, значит, по смыслу подходит лишь фрагмент 7.

D — 2: по правилам синтаксиса и грамматики на месте пропуска должен стоять фрагмент, полностью содержащий в себе сказуемое, но по смыслу подходит лишь фрагмент 2, т. к. в нем и в исходном предложении содержится информация о магазинах, географическое положение которых уточняется в контексте.

E — 3: по правилам синтаксиса и грамматики на месте пропуска должен стоять фрагмент, полностью содержащий в себе сказуемое, чему из оставшихся соответствует лишь фрагмент 3. По контексту речь идет о пастеле как о сувенире для сладкоежки.

F — 4: по контексту предполагается придаточное предложение с информацией про вкус пастилы, а из оставшихся фрагментов такой есть только во фрагменте 4.

1) watch TV a lot.

2) call her mother every half an hour.

3) go to the mall with her family.

4) do the shopping with her friends.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

Which of the following does Athena do monthly?

1) Goes to the mall with her family.

2) Uses the Snapchat.

3) Invites friends to her place.

4) Changes her iPhone.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

Which of the following is NOT true about iGen teenagers, according to the author?

1) Most of them feel extremely unhappy.

2) It is easy to hurt them psychologically.

3) They prefer loneliness to company.

4) They have more physical health problems.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

1) being glued to their phones.

2) behaving in a mean way.

3) listening attentively to friends.

4) discussing their problems.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

В данном фрагменте идет речь о зависимости от смартфонов, которой не было у поколения родителей.

1) smartphones can cause mental health problems.

2) teenagers know the problems caused by phones.

3) smartphones make teenagers more aggressive.

4) her friend thought she was doing the right thing.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

В данном фрагменте речь идет о ситуации, при которой подросток может увидеть себя со стороны и сделать выводы о собственных поступках. Данный инцидент демонстрирует, что подростки знают о проблемах, вызванных сильной зависимостью от телефонов.

What does the author suggest in her article?

1) Phone use by young people should be limited.

2) Smartphones cause violent behavior.

3) Smartphones are not safe.

4) There are good and bad sides in using smartphones.

iGeneration: teenagers affected by phones

One day last summer, around noon, I called Athena, a 13-year-old who lives in Houston, Texas. She answered her phone — she has had an iPhone since she was 11 — sounding as if she’d just woken up. We chatted about her favorite songs and TV shows, and I asked her what she likes to do with her friends. “We go to the mall,” she said. “Do your parents drop you off?” I asked, recalling my own middleschool days, in the 1980s, when I’d enjoy a few parent-free hours shopping with my friends. “No — I go with my family,” she replied. “We’ll go with my mom and brothers and walk a little behind them. I just have to tell my mom where we are going. I have to check in every hour or every 30 minutes.”

Those mall trips are infrequent — about once a month. More often, Athena and her friends spend time together on their phones, unchaperoned. Unlike the teens of my generation, who might have spent an evening tying up the family landline with gossip, they talk on Snapchat, a smartphone app that allows users to send pictures and videos that quickly disappear. They make sure to keep up their Snapstreaks, which show how many days in a row they have Snapchatted with each other. She told me she had spent most of the summer hanging out alone in her room with her phone. That is just the way her generation is, she said. “We didn’t know any life other than with iPads or iPhones. I think we like our phones more than we like actual people.”

Some generational changes are positive, some are negative, and many are both. More comfortable in their bedrooms than in a car or at a party, today’s teens are physically safer than teens have ever been. They are markedly less likely to get into a car accident and, having less of a taste for alcohol than their predecessors, are less susceptible to drinking’s attendant ills.

Psychologically, however, they are more vulnerable than Millennials were: rates of teen depression and suicide have skyrocketed since 2011. It is not an exaggeration to describe iGen as being on the brink of the worst mental-health crisis in decades. Much of this deterioration can be traced to their phones.

However, in my conversations with teens, I saw hopeful signs that kids themselves are beginning to link some of their troubles to their ever-present phone. Athena told me that when she does spend time with her friends in person, they are often looking at their device instead of at her. “I’m trying to talk to them about something, and they don’t actually look at my face,” she said. “They’re looking at their phone, or they’re looking at their Apple Watch.” “What does that feel like, when you’re trying to talk to somebody face-to-face and they’re not looking at you?” I asked. “It kind of hurts,” she said. “It hurts. I know my parents’ generation didn’t do that. I could be talking about something super important to me, and they wouldn’t even be listening.”

Once, she told me, she was hanging out with a friend who was texting her boyfriend. “I was trying to talk to her about my family, and what was going on, and she was like, ‘Uh-huh, yeah, whatever.’ So I took her phone out of her hands and I threw it at the wall.”

Though it is aggressive behavior that I don’t support, on the other hand — it is a step towards a life with limited phone use. So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

So, if I were going to give advice for a happy adolescence, it would be straightforward: put down the phone, turn off the laptop, and do something — anything — that does not involve a screen.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово «LITTLE» так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Donna hated PE. It was her __________________ favourite subject at school. It wasn’t like Donna didn’t like sports. In fact, she was a good swimmer and she loved doing yoga.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово ALLOW так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

But she enjoyed sports only when she __________________ to do things at her own pace. At school, however, it was always a competition.

Ответ: was allowed.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово RUN так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

She especially disliked races. And this is what she was doing now. She __________________ for 15 minutes already and was out of breath. But Donna didn’t want to be the last to arrive at the finish line. She was sad.

Ответ: had been running|hadbeenrunning.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово TWO так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Suddenly she got her __________________ wind. She didn’t feel tired anymore. Running fast felt good. Well, PE wasn’t that bad after all!

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово TOOTH так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Baboons in South Africa

Recently, the suburbs of the city of Cape Town in South Africa have been suffering from attacks of baboons. Baboons are rather big monkeys that can be quite scary because of their big sharp __________________, especially fangs.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово SEE так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

They live on a mountain close to the houses and often come down to steal food from people. If baboons __________________ a person carrying a bag of food, they will most likely grab the bag and run away with it.

Преобразуйте, если это необходимо, слово THEY так, чтобы оно грамматически соответствовало содержанию текста.

They are also good at breaking into people’s homes and raiding fridges. Well, baboons have always lived in this territory and consider it __________________!

Образуйте от слова BEAUTY однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Washington National Cathedral

Washington National Cathedral is a dramatic Gothic building. It is so __________________ that it is considered to be one of the greatest architectural treasures of the world.

Образуйте от слова SPECIAL однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

There are various excursions to the cathedral. The best idea is to go online to check the guides’ schedules as they __________________ in different aspects of the building’s history.

Образуйте от слова CONSTRUCT однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

It took 82 years to build the cathedral – Theodore Roosevelt laid the cornerstone in 1908, and the cathedral’s __________________ didn’t technically stop until 1990.

Образуйте от слова ARGUE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

The cathedral provoked strong opposition early on, but later the numerous __________________ calmed down.

Образуйте от слова PEACE однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

It is great to have a walk around the cathedral along the __________________ paths in the garden.

Образуйте от слова VISIT однокоренное слово так, чтобы оно грамматически и лексически соответствовало содержанию текста.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author has 32 ______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is 33 ______ a trip to an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the first person narration is realistic and heart-warming 34 ______ the same time. The

boy 35 ______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The 36 ______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole. Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes through are extremely beautiful.

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of 37 ______ at the North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also 38 ______ the wonderful illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author has 32 ______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is 33 ______ a trip to an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the first person narration is realistic and heart-warming 34 ______ the same time. The

boy 35 ______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The 36 ______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole. Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes through are extremely beautiful.

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of 37 ______ at the North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also 38 ______ the wonderful illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author has 32 ______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is 33 ______ a trip to an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the first person narration is realistic and heart-warming 34 ______ the same time. The

boy 35 ______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The 36 ______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole. Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes through are extremely beautiful.

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of 37 ______ at the North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also 38 ______ the wonderful illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author has 32 ______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is 33 ______ a trip to an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the first person narration is realistic and heart-warming 34 ______ the same time. The

boy 35 ______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The 36 ______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole. Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes through are extremely beautiful.

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of 37 ______ at the North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also 38 ______ the wonderful illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author has 32 ______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is 33 ______ a trip to an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the first person narration is realistic and heart-warming 34 ______ the same time. The

boy 35 ______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The 36 ______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole. Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes through are extremely beautiful.

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of 37 ______ at the North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also 38 ______ the wonderful illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author has 32 ______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is 33 ______ a trip to an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the first person narration is realistic and heart-warming 34 ______ the same time. The

boy 35 ______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The 36 ______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole. Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes through are extremely beautiful.

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of 37 ______ at the North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also 38 ______ the wonderful illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

Вставьте пропущенное слово:

“The Polar Express”

“The Polar Express” is a fantastic book by Chris Van Allsburg. The author has 32 ______ a terrific job at both writing and illustrating this book. He portrays the boy’s enthusiasm at going to the North Pole: this journey is 33 ______ a trip to an amusement park. Chris Van Allsburg’s writing is full of magic and wonder; the first person narration is realistic and heart-warming 34 ______ the same time. The

boy 35 ______ the readers what a wonderful place the North Pole is, he describes in every detail the city’s lights and the factories that surround the city. The 36 ______ that the text is set up will make any child want to go to the North Pole. Van Allsburg’s illustrations are colourful and appealing, especially of the images of the North Pole with the beautiful picture of all the fairy tale characters gathering

at the centre of the city. Also, the different landscapes that the Polar Express passes through are extremely beautiful.

“The Polar Express” is truly one of the greatest masterpieces in children’s literature ever created. The readers will share the experience of 37 ______ at the North Pole from a child’s perspective. They will also 38 ______ the wonderful illustrations of the North Pole itself. I would recommend this book to boys and girls aged five and up since there is nothing really inappropriate for small children.

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend Mary:

Write an email to Mary.

In your message:

— answer her questions,

— ask 3 questions about her history teacher.

Write 100–140 words. Remember the rules of email writing.

Thank you for your message. I’m sorry for not writing you for so long. I was preparing to the school performance.

I hope that your aunt’s house was insured. I think that the most destructive natural disaster is a volcanic eruption, because the hot lava kills all the natural resources and people’s houses. But here we don’t have any volcanoes, but there is another risk to suffer from fire – I’m talking about wildfires. Many Russian woods were destroyed by it during the last summer seasons. All we can do is not leaving trash in the forests and don’t smoke and leave unquenched butts there.

Anyway, you’ve mentioned your teacher. How old is your teacher? Is it her first award? Did she celebrate it with her colleagues and students?

I’ve got to go as my father is asking me to help him with his car.

Write back soon.

40.1 Imagine that you are doing a project on popular ways of travelling in Zetland. You have found some data on the subject — the results of the opinion polls (see the table below).

Comment on the data in the table and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

Write 200−250 words.

Use the following plan:

— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

— select and report 2−3 facts;

— make 1−2 comparisons where relevant;

— outline a problem that can arise when travelling and suggest a way of solving it;

— conclude by giving your opinion on best way of travelling for you.

40.2 Imagine that you are doing a project on what household chores young people in Zetland mostly do at home. You have found some data on the subject — the results of the opinion polls (see the diagram below).

Comment on the data in the diagram and give your opinion on the subject of the project.

What household chores young people in Zetland mostly do at home

Tidying one’s room

Walking the dog

Taking out rubbish

Write 200−250 words.

Use the following plan:

— make an opening statement on the subject of the project;

— select and report 2−3 facts;

— make 1−2 comparisons where relevant;

— outline a problem that can arise with household chores and suggest a way of solving it;

— conclude by giving your opinion on doing household chores.

According to the data, there is quite a wide range of ways people can travel by. It is clear that going by car is at the top of the table, 41% of the respondents have chosen it. Travelling by train as well as by bus are also quite popular answers with 28% and 21%, whereas flying and hitchhiking appear to be the least favorite ways of travelling in Zetland.

It is worth mentioning that car is six times as popular as plane when it comes to means of transport. Obviously, travelling by car provides wider range of opportunities, such as visiting small towns and villages, tasting local food and admiring picturesque sceneries.

One problem that can arise with travelling is that the cost is rather high. Tourism nowadays is very important industry providing working places to local people. So that, it is necessary to find a way how to minimize the cost of travel in order to more people will be able to afford it. For instance, a system of reclaiming parts of the spent money should be introduced.

In conclusion, I think that the best way of travelling for me is flying. Actually, I prefer relaxing to spending much time on the road. (258 words)

40.2 Household chores consider to be an essential part of human life. The aim of the project I am currently working on is to find out what household chores young people in Zetland mostly do at home. As part of my project, I have found and analyzed some relevant data presented in the diagram.

According to the data, there is quite a wide range of household chores what teenagers do at home. It is clear that tiding their room is at the top of the table, 39% of the respondents have named it. Walking the dog as well as washing up are also quite popular answers with 20% and 18%, whereas doing shopping and taking out the rubbish appear to be the least popular ways to help about the house among the adolescents in Zetland.

It is worth mentioning that cleaning up the mess in the room is two times as preferable as doing the washing up when it comes to household chores. Obviously, teenagers think more about their own place, as usual they do not want their parents to come in.

One problem that can arise with household chores is that the teenagers do not help at all. It becomes a great problem for their parents. So that, it is necessary to find a way how to explain the importance of house work. For instance, a system of lectures about doing household chores as an essential part of grown-up life should be hold is schools.

In conclusion, I think that household chores should be shared equally among all the members of the family. Although, it is dull, it must be done. (270 words)

Task 1. Imagine that you are preparing a project with your friend. You have found some interesting material for the presentation and you want to read this text to your friend. You have 1.5 minutes to read the text silently, then be ready to read it out aloud. You will not have more than 1.5 minutes to read it.

A long time ago men learnt how to make structures with walls and roofs to protect themselves from bad weather and wild animals. These ancient structures were quite primitive and very different from modern buildings. Still, they gave people shelter and comfort which they needed. Now there are many types of buildings in the world. They vary in size, shape and function.

There are several factors which influence the construction of a building. Firstly, builders need to consider which building materials are available or suit better. Secondly, they must know what a building is going to be used for. Moreover, they should think about land prices and climate in the area where they are going to construct a building. It is not a very good idea to build a house with big windows in the north or construct a lot of detached houses in the city centre where land is very expensive.

— части текста, которые следует читать без пауз, выделены жирным шрифтом;

— паузы обозначены знаком //:

— после слов, которые могут вызвать трудности при чтении, дана транскрипция.

A long time ago men learnt how to make structures with walls and roofs to protect themselves from bad weather and wild animals. These ancient /ˈeɪn.ʃənt/ structures were quite primitive /ˈprɪm.ɪ.tɪv/ and very different from modern buildings. Still, // they gave people shelter /ˈʃel.tər/ and comfort which they needed. Now // there are many types of buildings in the world. They vary in size, shape and function.

There are several factors // which influence the construction of a building. Firstly, // builders need to consider which building materials are available or suit better. Secondly, // they must know what a building is going to be used for. Moreover, // they should think about land prices and climate in the area where they are going to construct a building. It is not a very good idea // to build a house with big windows in the north // or // construct a lot of detached /dɪˈtætʃt/ houses in the city centre where land is very expensive.

Study the advertisement.

You are considering visiting Louvre museum and you’d like to get more information. In 1.5 minutes you are to ask four direct questions to find out the following:

1) available exhibitions

2) duration of the tour

3) if they are open at weekends

4) if they provide the multilingual guide service

You have 20 seconds to ask each question.

1) What exhibitions are available right now?

2) How long does the tour last?

3) Are you open at weekends?

4) Do you provide the multilingual guide service?

Вопросы должны быть грамматически верными. Избегайте необоснованных пауз в речи, верно расставляйте ударения, правильно используйте интонацию, не нарушайте нормы произношения слов.

Task 3. You are going to give an interview. You have to answer five questions. Give full answers to the questions (2−3 sentences). Remember that you have 40 seconds to answer each question.

Tapescript for Task 3

Interviewer: Hello everybody! It’s Teenagers Round the World Channel. Our guest today is a teenager from Russia and we are going to discuss summer holidays. We’d like to know our guest’s point of view on this issue. Please answer five questions. So, let’s get started.

Interviewer: What part of Russia do you live in? What’s the weather like in summer there?

Interviewer: What else would you like our listeners to know about your region?

Interviewer: What can you tell us about your family?

Interviewer: How did you use to spend your summer holidays when you were seven?

Interviewer: How would you like to spend your summer holidays in 10 years?

Interviewer: Thank you very much for your interview.

2) Saint Peterburg is considered to be the “cultural capital” of Russia. It is a great place to visit if you are interested in art or architecture.

3) If I had to be brief, I would say that my family is great! We always look after each other and we celebrate holidays together.

4) When I was seven, I went to Egypt on my summer holidays. I spent about two weeks there. We went to see the pyramids of Giza, which were astounding.

5) I would love to visit New York. I have heard great thing about it from my classmate who went there a couple of year ago, so I would like to see it for myself in the near future.

Imagine that you are doing a project «The art of tackling problems» together with your friend. You have found some illustrations and want to share the news. Leave a voice message to your friend. In 2.5 minutes be ready to tell the friend about the photos:

• give a brief description of the photos, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;

• say in what way the pictures are different, justifying the choice of the photos for the project;

• mention the advantages and disadvantages (1–2) of problem solving in school and at work;

• express your opinion on the subject of the project – whether you perform better in an educational environment or a professional one.

You will speak for not more than 3 minutes (2–3 sentences for every item of the plan, 12–15 sentences total). You have to talk continuously.

They are relevant to our project because in both pictures there are people taking up the challenge. In the first photo there is a class of children presented with a school problem. They are not really focused on it. In the second photo, there are two people trying to solve an engineering problem. They seem to be progressing steadily.

There are a few differences to illustrate our project better. Obviously, the first picture features a group of kids, while the second one features two adults. Moreover, the adults are much more concentrated on the problem than the children are.

In my opinion, completing schoolwork and working for an employer have their advantages and disadvantages. For instance, completing their school homework helps schoolchildren be well-educated, but they can feel in vain as no clear reward is given for doing it. Working in an office, for example, is much more profitable; however, it usually doesn’t lead to personal development.

I believe that I would perform better in a professional environment as there would be more proficient people that could work with me, as well as a much clearer goal ahead.

So, shall we use these photos in our project? Call me when you’re ready to discuss if we can use them. Bye-bye.

Высказывание должно быть логично; содержать вступительную и заключительную фразы, соответствующие теме. Средства логической связи должны быть использованы верно. Необходимо избегать необоснованных пауз в речи, верно расставлять ударения, правильно использовать интонацию, не нарушать нормы произношения слов.

1. При получении экзаменуемым 0 баллов по критерию «Решение коммуникативной задачи» всё задание оценивается в 0 баллов.

2. Правильное использование средств логической связи предполагает обязательные логические связки-переходы между всеми частями высказывания.

3. Под грубыми ошибками понимаются ошибки элементарного уровня, а также ошибки, ведущие к сбою коммуникации.

Привет! Нравится сидеть в Тик-Токе?

Thanks for your email. It’s great to hear from you again. Let me asnwer your questions.

Millions of people around the world communicate with each other thorugh social networks. The project I am working on is aimed at establishing what sites are the most popular among teenagers in Zetland. I have found some stats on the topic and formed it in a table.

Thank you for your recent message. I’m sorry I haven’t answered it earlier because I was busy at school.

You asked me some questions.

It is obvious that young people tend to do extreme sports nowadays. I am currently doing a project on why young people in Zetland do extreme sports. I have found some data in the form of a table on this subject.

Millions of people around the world live in the countryside. I am currently doing a project on advantages of living in the countryside in Zetland. I have found some information in the form of a table on this subject, so I am going to provide its analysis now.

Choosing a role model has always had a great impact on people’s lives. While doing a project on who can be a role model to a modern teenager, I have found some data in the form of a table that I would like to analyse and comment on.

According to the information in the given table, singer appears in the results as the most popular choice of a role model, supported by 74% of those surveyed.

Thank you for your recent message. I’m sorry I haven’t answered it earlier because I was busy at school.

In your message you asked me about pocket money.

What household chores young people in zetland mostly do at home

You have received an email message from your English-speaking pen-friend David: