What is a city with subtropical climate

List of locations with a subtropical climate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This list of locations with a subtropical climate specifically lists locations considered within the subtropics. The subtropics are geographic and climate zones located roughly between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn and the 40th parallel in both hemispheres. Subtropical climate regions can exist at high elevations within the tropics, such as across the Mexican Plateau and in Vietnam and southern Taiwan. These regions can also exist beyond 45 degrees poleward due to maritime influences on the NW European and Argentinian coasts, according to Trewartha.

Six climate classifications utilise the term to help define the various temperature and precipitation regions for the planet Earth. Using the Trewartha climate classification eight or more months of the year within the subtropics have an average temperature at or above 10 °C (50 °F). The Köppen climate classification instead classifies the warmest month above 22 °C (71.6 °F) and the coldest above 0 °C (32 °F) or −3 °C (26.6 °F) depending on preference. Under both classifications, at least one month must average below 18 °C (64.4 °F) or the climate is considered tropical.

Leslie Holdridge defined the subtropical climates as having a mean annual biotemperature between the frost line or critical temperature line, 16 °C to 18 °C (depending on locations in the world) and 24 °C. [1] The frost line separates the warm temperate region from the subtropical region. It represents the dividing line between two major physiological groups of evolved plants. On the warmer side of the line, the majority of the plants are sensitive to low temperatures. They can be killed back by frosts as they have not evolved to withstand periods of cold. On the colder temperate side of the line, the total flora is adapted to survive periods of variable length of low temperatures, whether as seeds in the case of the annuals or as perennial plants which can withstand the cold. The [16 °C-18 °C] segment is often «simplified» as 17 °C (= 2 (log₂12+0;5) ≈ 16.97 °C). [2]

The Holdridge subtropical climates straddle more or less the warmest subtropical climates and the less warm tropical climates as defined by the Köppen-Geiger or Trewartha climate classifications.

However Wladimir Köppen has distinguished the hot or subtropical and tropical (semi-)arid climates (BWh or BSh) having an average annual temperature greater than or equal to 18 °C (64.4 °F) from the cold or temperate (semi-)arid climates (BWk or BSk) whose annual temperature average is lower. [3] This definition, though restricted to dry regions, is almost similar to Holdridge’s.

A great portion of the world’s deserts are located within the subtropics, due to the development of the subtropical ridge. Within the humid monsoon regions in the subtropics, a wet season is seen annually during the summer, which is when most of the yearly rainfall falls. Within the Mediterranean climate region, the wet season occurs during the winter. Areas bordering warm oceans are prone to locally heavy rainfall from tropical cyclones, which can contribute a significant percentage of the annual rainfall. Plants such as date palms, citrus, mango, litchi, and avocado are grown within the subtropical zones.

This is not a complete list and is not intended to be one. Many of the higher mountains at tropical latitudes have sparsely (if at all) inhabited areas with a subtropical climate.

UNIT 5. RUSSIA

Read, translate and retell the text:

The Russian Federation is the largest country in the world. Its total area is about 17 million square kilometers. It occupies most of Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. Russia is bordered by Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Litva, Belarus, the Ukraine, Azerbaijan and China. Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific.

There is hardly a country in the world where such a great variety of flora and fauna can be found as in our land. Our country hasnumerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts. Russian Federation is located on two plains, the Great Russian Plain and the West Siberian Lowland. The longest mountain chains are the Urals, the Caucasus and the Altai. Russia’s most important rivers are the Volga, the main Siberian rivers and the Amur. The total number of rivers in Russia is over two million. The world’s deepest lake – Lake Baikal, with the depth of 1600 meters, is situated in Russia, too. The climate in Russia varies from the arctic in the north to subtropical in the south. Russia is a highly-developed industrial and agricultural country. Its vast mineral resources include oil, natural gas, coal, iron, zinc, aluminum, gold and other non-ferrous metals.

The capital of the Russian Federation is Moscow, with the population of about 10 million people. The Russian Federation is a multinationalstate. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The current population of Russia is about 150 million people.

Russia is a constitutional republic with president as Head of State. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly, consisting of the Council of Federation and the State Duma.

ADD TO YOUR ACTIVE VOCABULARY:

to be bordered by – граничить с

to be located on – находиться, располагаться

Great Russian Plain – Великорусская равнина

West Siberian Lowland – Западносибирская низменность

to vary – изменять, меняться

mineral resources – полезные ископаемые

non-ferrous metals – цветные металлы

legislative power – законодательная власть

to be vested in – передаваться

to consist – состоять

Ex. 1. Answer the questions:

1. What is the total area of the Russian Federation?

2. How many countries is Russia bordered by?

3. What oceans wash the borders of the Russian Federation?

4. Is the Russian Federation located on two plains?

5. What are the longest mountain chains?

6. The total number of rivers in Russia is over two million, isn’t it?

7. Are Russian flora and fauna various?

8. What is the climate inRussia like?

9. What is the current population of Russia?

10. What does the Federal Assembly consist of?

Ex. 2. Finish the sentences below using words from the text:

1. The Russian Federation is …

2. It occupies most of Eastern Europe and …

3. The longest mountain chains are …

4. The total number of rivers in Russia is …

5. The climate in Russia varies from the arctic …

6. Russia is a highly-developed industrial and …

7. The capital of the Russian Federation is …

8. Russia is a constitutional republic with …

Ex. 3. Translate from Russian into English

1. Российская Федерация занимает большую часть восточной Европы и северной Азии.

2. Россия граничит с восемью государствами, включая Финляндию, Латвию, Белоруссию, Китай и некоторые другие.

3. В Российской Федерации более двух миллионов рек. Самые крупные из них – Волга, Амур и реки Сибири.

4. Климат Российской Федерации меняется от арктического на севере до субтропического на юге.

5. Россия – высокоразвитая промышленная и сельскохозяйственная страна.

Ex. 4. Your English friend is planning a visit to Russia. Help him to choose where to go and what to see in our country. Work in pairs:

Ex. 5. How well do you know your Homeland? What is (are):

• the biggest Russian lake?

• the longest Russian river (in European and Asian parts of the Russian Federation)?

• a city with subtropical climate?

• cities with arctic climate?

• old historical cities?

• places of recreation and tourism?

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How Is the Weather in Russia? Best Times to Visit

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The weather in Russia depends on the region and can vary from very cold in some areas to moderate and even hot in others. Overall, Russian climate is continental and has four defined seasons: spring, summer, fall, and winter. However, some areas are significantly colder and have a very short spring and fall.

Weather in Russia

In other parts of the country, the weather is much warmer. For example, in Sochi, in the southwestern part of Russia, the climate is humid subtropical and the highest summer temperatures reach 42°C (107.6°F) while the average winter temperature is around 6°C (42.8°F).

While Russian winters have a reputation worldwide as being harsh and freezing cold, in reality, very cold snaps are not that frequent. Additionally, central heating is automatically switched on in all buildings, including offices, shops, and apartment blocks once the outside temperature is at or below 8°C (46.4°F) for five consecutive days.

Moscow Weather: The Central European Russia Area

This area encompasses Moscow and surrounding areas and has a moderate continental climate. It is referred to as средняя полоса России (SRYEDnyaya palaSA rasSEEyi)—literally «the middle area of Russia».

This area has four well-defined seasons, with real sunshine and warmth arriving mid-April. July is usually the warmest month of the year. Flowers and trees are in full bloom from May onwards, while September offers a mild transition to fall and is referred to as бабье лето (BAb’ye LYEta)—literally translated as «old women’s summer».

Saint Petersburg Weather: The North West

The climate in Saint Petersburg and the Leningrad Oblast is a mix of continental and moderate oceanic climates. It is very similar to the weather in Moscow, with the addition of dull, cloudy skies and higher than normal humidity. Overall, there are only about 75 sunny days a year in Saint Petersburg and the surrounding areas.

South of Russia: Subtropical Climate

The coast of the Black Sea, particularly Sochi with its subtropics, is popular with holidaymakers from the rest of the country.

The other areas with this type of weather are the Republic of Ingushetia, Dagestan, the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Stavropol Krai, the Adyghe Republic, Krasnodar Krai, and Crimea.

The North: The Arctic and Subarctic Climates

The Subarctic area is a little warmer and encompasses northeastern Siberia, parts of the Far East of Russia, and southern islands of the Barents Sea. Some parts of this area are as cold as the arctic climates while other parts can get warmer in the summer. The Tundra is located in the Subarctic area.

The North is the least-populated part of Russia.

The Far East: The Monsoon Climate

The Far East area of Russia has a monsoon climate characterized by dry cold winters and warm humid summers with frequent typhoons. Vladivostok is the main and largest city in the area with a population of just over 605,000.

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Описание презентации по отдельным слайдам:

Founded in 1804;
Australia’s oldest city;
Surrounded by a small agricultural area;
Fruit, dairy products, wool – are exported through the city.

AUSTRALIA’s
HOBART
BRISBANE
ALICE SPRINGS
CANBERRA
SYDNEY
MELBOURNE
ADELAIDE
PERTH
MAIN CITIES
Over 1 mln people;
the only large Australian city with subtropical climate;
very beautiful, with a lot of parks and gardens;
An important export centre exporting wool, meat, wheat, sugar.

one of the most important cities;
a cattle centre;
is connected with Adelaide
by the railroad line;
the only town in the south of the Northern Territory;
an important centre of learning;
the seat of the federal government;
built in 1923-1927;
310000 people;
a lot of government buildings;
the place where the National
University of Australia is situated.

Australia’s largest 3,5 city mil people;
founded on January 26, 1788;
the first European settlement in the country;
Australia’s leading seaport;
a city of old and new buildings;
a lot of lovely parks and gardens.

Australia’s second largest city; over 3 mm people;
the financial centre of the nation;
from 1901 to 1927— the seat of the federal’ government;
stone buildings remind visitors of cities
in England;
an industrial city;
factories produce many goods.

over 1 mln people;
Famous for Adelaide’s Festival of Arts held every two years;
a large centre exporting wine.

the major west coast city, Over 1 mln people;
people;
the most beautiful Australian city which reminds many Americans of cities in Southern California;
a sea port.

Melbourne
Less than one third of population live out side Australia’s cities and towns.
Melbourne is the nations cultural, financial, and intellectual capital. Melbourne second largest city over 3 million people live there.
Melbourne used to be the first capital of Australia.
Melbourne is the fourth largest city, in southern hemisphere.
Melbourne is the capital of Victoria state. Melbourne is the modern sea port. Its principal exports are the wool, meat, hides, and wheat.
Melbourne and Sidney contain one third of all of the people on the Australian continent.

Canberra
Canberra is a capital of Australia. It’s very beautiful. Canberra is not the biggest city. It doesn’t belong to Australian states. It’s population is 310 000 people. This city is very different from other Australian cites. It’s the central of Australian life.

People in Australia are city dwellers. Alice Springs is one of the most important cites. Alice Springs is a cattle centre.
Alice Springs is a capital of Northern territory. Northern territory is the least populated and least developed part of Australia.
Alice Springs, generally called Alice or the Alice, is the only town in the south of the country.
Alice is connected with Adelaide the only rail road line.

Brisbane
Brisbane is the west capital city of the country.
The population of Brisbane is 1 mln. people.
It’s a large Australian city with tropical climate.
It’s a very beautiful city, with a lot of parks and gardens. An important export centre of wool, meat, wheat, sugar.

Рабочие листы и материалы для учителей и воспитателей

Более 3 000 дидактических материалов для школьного и домашнего обучения

«Кинетический имидж учителя и его невербальное влияние на учеников»

Свидетельство и скидка на обучение каждому участнику

«Начало учебного года современного учителя»

Свидетельство и скидка на обучение каждому участнику

Subtropical climate zone

Subtropical climate is the most bearable for the people.

It occupies the territories between the 30-th and 40-th parallel, but as very other rules and this has its exception.

Usually the subtropical climate zone has long, dry and hot summer, short, mild and wet winter and very short transition seasons (spring and autumn).

During the summer months this climate zone is influenced by tropical air masses.

Through the winter months is absolutely possible the formation of snow cover.

In the winter months the subtropical climate is influenced by air masses from the temperate climate zone.

Interesting fact is that despite its limited territorial spreading, the subtropical climate zone is home to great part of the human population.

It occupies North pars of Mexico, southern USA, south parts of Brazil, Uruguay, central parts of Chile and Argentina, the southern most parts of Africa, south coast of Australia, the northern island of New Zealand, southern part of Japan, South-East China, parts of South-West Asia, but the most classical features has the subtropical climate around the Mediterranean basin.

In this reason the subtropical climate is more famous as Mediterranean climate.

But as the other climate zone, the subtropical climate can be very different depending on the concrete geographic conditions.

The Mediterranean for example has milder climate, than the subtropical climate zones in the other parts of the world.

One of the reasons is because of the high mountain ranges that separate the cooler North Europe from the southern parts of the continent.

These mountains play the role of very serious climate barrier.

The Pyrenees, the Central Massif (France), the Alps and the high mountains on the Balkans stop the cooler air masses coming from the northern parts of Europe and this make the local subtropical climate warmer than the same climate in the other parts of the world.

The second factor, moderate the local subtropical climate is that the Mediterranean is widely open in the direction of the biggest and hottest desert in the world – Sahara.

Except the mountains of Atlas in North-West Africa, there aren’t any other barrier, that can stop the hot air masses coming from south.

The third factor which form the mild climate in this part of the world, are the warm streams that circulate in the Mediterranean basin.

As a result the climate is warmer in comparison with the subtropical climate on the same latitude in the other parts of the world.

For example the capital of USA, Washington and the Spanish island Ibiza are situated in the subtropical climate.

The latitude of Ibiza and Washington is similar.

But the similarities end here.

The winter temperatures in Washington are low – between 0 and 5 °C.

The snowfall is sometimes strong.

The Ibiza winter is absolutely different.

On the Mediterranean paradise island the daily temperature in January is 16 °C, but in the sunny days can reach 25 °C.

Obviously the conditions in Washington and Ibiza are very different despite the similar latitude.

But the differences can be even more drastic.

The city of Pusan, which is situated in the southern part of South Korea, has also subtropical climate, but there are fore quite different seasons.

The summer is very hot, but the winter can be very harsh.

Snowstorms are not rarity.

In the same time Cyprus, that is situated in the eastern part of Mediterranean sea, has very hot and sunny climate almost all round year.

Beach season is from March to the end of November, but sometimes the hot and sunny weather continue to the middle of December.

January and February has warm and sunny weather with temperatures around 17 – 18 °C.

Despite the subtropical climate is not widely-spread on the planet, nevertheless the classic subtropical climate is even more confined.

It occupies the central part of Chile, southern California, South-West part of SAR and South Australia.

But 50% of the areas that have classical subtropical climate are situated around the Mediterranean.

For that reason, this climate is more famous as Mediterranean climate.

It is the most preferable for living in the world.

The vegetation is consist mainly of evergreen species with hard leafs as oranges, lemons, olives, tangerines and some coniferous species (for example cypresses).

The animal species are varied – puma, lynx, goats, deer, birds, reptiles and so on.