What is a computer what are the two possible states of the switches
What is a computer what are the two possible states of the switches
Text 2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demagnetized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 14
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magnetize the cores.
The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the computers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
It is considered that computers have many remarkable powers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.
Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer’s input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: «Who would win the war between two countries?» or «Who is the richest person in the world?» Unfortunately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make thousands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
15 Unit 1. Information-Dependent Society
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical ‘brain’, but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instantaneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
8. Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы, используя ин
формациютекста.
1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? 5. What is the basic task of a computer? 6. In what form does a computer accept information? 7. What is a program? 8. What are data? 9. What is memory? 10. What three basic capabilities have computers? 11. What are the ways of inputting information into the computer? 12. What is the function of an input device? 13. What devices are used for outputting information? 14. What decisions can the computer make? 15. What are the computer’s achievements limited by?
9. Найдите в тексте 2 английские эквиваленты следующих
словосочетаний:
Сложная сеть электронных цепей; управлять (приводить в действие) переключателями; возможные состояния; хранить (запоминать) числа; обрабатывать символы; посредством ввода сигналов; включать; выключать; размагничивать сердечники; обработка информации; информация в виде команд; символы, называемые данными; выполнять математические операции; выдавать результаты; обеспечивать необходимую информацию; иметь замечательные возможности; основные свойства; сложение, вычитание, деление, умножение; возведение в степень; средства для общения с пользователем; устройство ввода; дисковод; считывать информацию; вывод информации; катоднолучевая трубка; принимать решения; выполнять тысячи логических операций; без устали; находить реше-
Английский язык. Основы компьютерной грамотности 16
ние задачи; значительно меньший промежуток времени; человек; нудная рутинная работа; в соответствии с введенной программой; вырабатывать свои суждения; возможности ограничены программой, заложенной в него человеком; дать требуемую информацию; электрические импульсы; со скоростью света; мгновенно производить огромное количество математических операций; человеку может не хватить всей жизни, чтобы закончить работу.
10. Составьте пары или группыблизких позначению слов
из перечня, приведенного ниже.
Например: A. to perform, to exercise, to carry out; B. a man, a person, a human being;
Verbs: to turn on, to provide, to type, to accept, to help, to learn, to observe, to call, to tell, to keep, to feed, to solve, to relate, to switch off, to communicate, to receive, to supply, to switch on, to assist, to print, to study, to input, to turn off, to decide, to store, to say, to name, to watch.
Nouns: work, machine, fundamentals, display, application, capabilities, job, storage, screen, state, basics, use, concept, specialist, journal, character, memory, idea, expert, magazine, position, symbol, command, data, solution, device, instruction, powers, information, decision.
Adjectives: basic, tiny, common, small, main, significant, routine, general, remarkable, uninterested, intricate, important, wonderful, complex, little.
Adverbs: rapidly, probably, instantaneously, in a moment, quickly, perhaps.
Выполните письменный перевод текста 3 по вариантам.
Text3. APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS
1.At present a great deal of the work force of most countries is engaged in creating, processing, storing, communicating and just working with information. Computers have become commonplace in homes, offices, stores, schools, research institutes, plants.
The use of computers in business, industry and communication services is widespread today. Computer-controlled robots are able to improve the quality of manufactured products and
17 Unit 1. Information-Dependent Society
to increase the productivity of industry. Computers can control the work of power stations, plants and docks. They help in making different decisions and in management of economy.
The work of banks depends upon computer terminals for millions of daily operations. Without these terminals, records of deposits and withdrawals would be difficult to maintain, and it would be impossible to make inquiries about the current status of customer accounts.
Computers form a part of many military systems including communication and fire control. They are applied for automatic piloting and automatic navigation. Space exploration depends on computers for guidance, on-board environment and research.
2. Computers find application in astronomy and upper atmosphere research. Weather forecasting, library information services can benefit from computers too.
It is interesting to note that computers are widely used in medicine. They became valuable medical diagnostic tools. Computers are used for optical scanning and image processing, ranging from pattern recognition to image processing. Technicians can operate computer tomography scanners which combine x-rays with computer technology to give sectional views of the body of patients. The views then can be combined into a single image shown on the screen.
It should be noticed that learning on a computer can be fun. Students spend more time with computer-aided instruction performing the assigned task, as compared with conventional classroom.
At last air traffic control is impossible without computer application. It fully depends upon computer-generated information.
Many other uses of computers that we cannot imagine at present will become commonplace in the transition from an industrial to post industrial, or information society.
to maintain records — вести учет
deposits and withdrawal — вклады и изъятие (выемка)
guidance — наведение (на цель); управление; руководство
Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста. 1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3
Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? 5. What is the basic task of a computer? 6. In what form does a computer accept information? 7. What is a program? 8. What are data? 9. What is memory? 10. What three basic capabilities have computers? 11. What are the ways of inputting informa¬tion into the computer? 12. What is the function of an input device? 13. What devices are used for outputting information? 14. What decisions can the computer make? 15. What are the computer’s achievements limited by?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec¬tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demag¬netized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the ma-chine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magne¬tize the cores.
The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput¬ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
It is considered that computers have many remarkable pow¬ers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic op¬erations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.
Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter¬minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer’s input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: «Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?» or «Who is the richest person in the world?» Unfortu¬nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou¬sands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical ‘brain’, but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan¬taneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
Ответ:
1. Computer is a machine with an intricate network of electronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores.
2. The two possible states of the switches are on and off/magnetized or demagnetized.
3. The main functions of computer are: that we can make the machine do what we want by inputting signals and processing of information.
4. We make the computer do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off.
5. The basic task of computers is processing of information.
6. Computers can be accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data.
7. The program it is a part of computer, which tells the computers what to do and the data.
8. Data it is which provide the information needed to solve the problem.
9. Memory it is a place inside the computer, in which we are kept information.
10. Computers have three basic capabilities like that computers have circuits for performing arithmetic operations, computers have a means of communicating with the user and computers have circuits which can make decisions.
11. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use terminals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes.
12. The computer’s input device reads the information into the computer
13. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
14. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: «Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?» or «Who is the richest person in the world?»
15. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical ‘brain’, but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan¬taneously
Объяснение:
Практически, задание не сложное. Нужно уделить минут 10-15, перечитывать текст и искать в нем вопросы, а затем ответы 🙂
Помогите с переводом
Text 2. WHAT IS A COMPUTER?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec¬tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demag¬netized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the ma-chine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magne¬tize the cores.
The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput¬ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
It is considered that computers have many remarkable pow¬ers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic op¬erations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.
Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter¬minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer’s input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: «Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?» or «Who is the richest person in the world?» Unfortu¬nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou¬sands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical ‘brain’, but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan¬taneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
8.Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы, используя ин¬
формацию текста.
1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? 5. What is the basic task of a computer? 6. In what form does a computer accept information? 7. What is a program? 8. What are data? 9. What is memory? 10. What three basic capabilities have computers? 11. What are the ways of inputting informa¬tion into the computer? 12. What is the function of an input device? 13. What devices are used for outputting information? 14. What decisions can the computer make? 15. What are the computer’s achievements limited by?
Компьютер – это машина со сложной сетью схем, которые взаимодействуют с переключателями или намагничивают небольшие металлические сердечники. Переключатели, похожие на сердечники, функционируют в одном или в двух возможных положениях: включено или выключено; намагничено или размагничено. Машина способна запоминать числа и манипулировать ими, писать письма и знаки (символы).
Основная идея компьютера состоит в том, что мы можем заставить машину делать то, что мы хотим посредством ввода сигналов, которые включают определенные переключатели и выключают другие, или намагничивают или размагничивают сердечники.
Основная работа компьютера заключается в обработке данных. Для этого компьютер должен быть инициализирован как устройство, воспринимающее информацию в виде команд, вызываемых программой, и символами, называемыми дынными, которые выполняют математические и (или) логические операции с информацией, и затем выдают результат этих операций. Программа, или её часть, которая сообщает компьютеру что делать и необходимые данные, которые обеспечивают её данными необходимыми для решения проблем, хранятся в самом компьютере в месте, называемом память.
Считается, что у компьютера много замечательных возможностей. Однако, большинство из них, неважно большой он или маленький, обладают тремя основными способностями.
Во-первых, компьютеры обладают схемами для выполнения математических операций, таких как сложение, вычитание, деление, умножение и возведение в степень.
Во-вторых, они обладают средствами общения с пользователем. Тем не менее, если бы вы не могли ввести информацию и получить результат на выходе, тогда эти машины потеряют свою повседневную необходимость. Некоторые из общих методов ввода информации используют терминалы, дискеты, диски и магнитные ленты. Компьютерное устройство ввода (дисковое запоминающее устройство или запоминающее устройство на магнитной ленте) считывает информацию с компьютера. Для вывода новой информации на бумагу, и дисплей электроннолучевой трубки, который показывает результаты на экране, похожем на телевизор.
В-третьих, у компьютеров есть схемы, которые могут обеспечить решение. Тип решений, которые компьютерные схемы могут сделать отличаются от решений типа: «Кто выиграет в войне между двумя странами?» или «Кто самый богатый человек в мире?» К несчастью, компьютер может решить три вещи, а именно: Это число больше другого? Эти два числа равны между собой? и это число больше другого?
Компьютер может решать серии проблем и принимать тысячи логических решений без устали. Он может найти решение проблемы в долю секунды времени.
What is a computer what are the two possible states of the switches
Вопрос по английскому языку:
8.Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы, используя ин¬
формацию текста.
1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? 5. What is the basic task of a computer? 6. In what form does a computer accept information? 7. What is a program? 8. What are data? 9. What is memory? 10. What three basic capabilities have computers? 11. What are the ways of inputting informa¬tion into the computer? 12. What is the function of an input device? 13. What devices are used for outputting information? 14. What decisions can the computer make? 15. What are the computer’s achievements limited by?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec¬tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demag¬netized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the ma-chine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magne¬tize the cores.
The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput¬ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
It is considered that computers have many remarkable pow¬ers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic op¬erations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.
Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter¬minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer’s input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: «Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?» or «Who is the richest person in the world?» Unfortu¬nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou¬sands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical ‘brain’, but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan¬taneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.
Трудности с пониманием предмета? Готовишься к экзаменам, ОГЭ или ЕГЭ?
Ответы и объяснения 1
8.Переведите текст. Ответьте на вопросы, используя информацию текста.
1. Что такое компьютер? 2. Каковы два возможных состояния переключателей? 3. Каковы основные функции компьютера? 4. Как мы можем заставить компьютер делать то, что мы хотим? 5. Какова основная задача компьютера? 6. В какой форме компьютер принимает информацию? 7. Что такое программа? 8. Какие данные? 9. Что такое память? 10. Какие три основные возможности имеют компьютеры? 11. Каковы способы ввода информации в компьютер? 12. Какова функция устройства ввода? 13. Какие устройства используются для вывода информации? 14. Какие решения может принять компьютер? 15. Каковы успехи компьютера,
Основная идея компьютера заключается в том, что мы можем сделать ma-chine делать то, что мы хотим, введя сигналы, которые включают определенные выключатели и выключают других, или намагничивают или не намагничивают сердечники.
Считается, что у компьютеров много замечательных сил. Однако большинство компьютеров, будь то большие или малые, имеют три основных возможности.
Во-первых, компьютеры имеют схемы для выполнения арифметических операций, такие как: сложение, вычитание, деление, умножение и возведение в степень.
В-третьих, компьютеры имеют схемы, которые могут принимать решения. Виды решений, которые могут создавать компьютерные схемы, не относятся к типу: «Кто выиграет войну между двумя странами?» или «Кто самый богатый человек в мире?» К несчастью, компьютер может решить только три вещи, а именно: на одно число меньше другого? Являются ли два числа равными? и, Является ли число больше другого?
Компьютер может решить ряд проблем и сделать тысячи логических решений, не уставая. Он может найти решение проблемы за долю времени, которое требуется человеку для выполнения этой работы.
Компьютер может заменять людей скучными, рутинными задачами, но он работает в соответствии с инструкциями к нему. Бывают случаи, когда компьютер работает как механический «мозг», но его достижения ограничены умами людей. Компьютер не может ничего сделать, если человек не говорит ему, что делать, и дает ему необходимую информацию; а потому, что электрические импульсы могут двигаться со скоростью света, компьютер может выполнять большое количество арифметико-логических операций почти мгновенно. Человек может сделать то же самое, но во многих случаях этот человек был бы мертв задолго до того, как работа была закончена.
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1. What is a computer? 2. What are the two possible states of the switches? 3. What are the main functions of a computer? 4. In what way can we make the computer do what we want? 5. What is the basic task of a computer? 6. In what form does a computer accept information? 7. What is a program? 8. What are data? 9. What is memory? 10. What three basic capabilities have computers? 11. What are the ways of inputting informa¬tion into the computer? 12. What is the function of an input device? 13. What devices are used for outputting information? 14. What decisions can the computer make? 15. What are the computer’s achievements limited by?
A computer is a machine with an intricate network of elec¬tronic circuits that operate switches or magnetize tiny metal cores. The switches, like the cores, are capable of being in one or two possible states, that is, on or off; magnetized or demag¬netized. The machine is capable of storing and manipulating numbers, letters, and characters (symbols).
The basic idea of a computer is that we can make the ma-chine do what we want by inputting signals that turn certain switches on and turn others off, or magnetize or do not magne¬tize the cores.
The basic job of computers is processing of information. For this reason computers can be defined as devices which accept information in the form of instructions, called a program, and characters, called data, perform mathematical and / or logical operations on the information, and then supply results of these operations. The program, or part of it, which tells the comput¬ers what to do and the data, which provide the information needed to solve the problem, are kept inside the computer in a place called memory.
It is considered that computers have many remarkable pow¬ers. However most computers, whether large or small, have three basic capabilities.
First, computers have circuits for performing arithmetic op¬erations, such as: addition, subtraction, division, multiplication and exponentiation.
Second, computers have a means of communicating with the user. After all, if we couldn’t feed information in and get results back, these machines wouldn’t be of much use. Some of the most common methods of inputting information are to use ter¬minals, diskettes, disks and magnetic tapes. The computer’s input device (a disk drive or tape drive) reads the information into the computer. For outputting information two common devices used are: a printer, printing the new information on paper, and a cathode-ray-tube display, which shows the results on a TV-like screen.
Third, computers have circuits which can make decisions. The kinds of decisions which computer circuits can make are not of the type: «Who would win the war between two coun¬tries?» or «Who is the richest person in the world?» Unfortu¬nately, the computer can only decide three things, namely: Is one number less than another? Are two numbers equal? and, Is one number greater than another?
A computer can solve a series of problems and make thou¬sands of logical decisions without becoming tired. It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to do the job.
A computer can replace people in dull, routine tasks, but it works according to the instructions given to it. There are times when a computer seems to operate like a mechanical ‘brain’, but its achievements are limited by the minds of human beings. A computer cannot do anything unless a person tells it what to do and gives it the necessary information; but because electric pulses can move at the speed of light, a computer can carry out great numbers of arithmetic-logical operations almost instan¬taneously. A person can do the same, but in many cases that person would be dead long before the job was finished.