What is a near miss ответ для экзамена
What is a near miss ответ для экзамена
HSEWatch
Your Health and Safety (HSE) Encyclopedia
What Is A Near Miss? Near Miss Examples
By Ubongeh
What Is A Near Miss
A near miss is an incident which results to no injury, no damage to property/equipment/machinery, and no environmental effect but has the potential for all those. It is mostly overlooked on site because it presents no negative impact. Though it poses no immediate negative impact, it can present us with trend of events which may result to serious damage and losses if properly investigated.
OSHA defines a near miss as an incident in which no property was damaged and no personal injury was sustained, but where, given a slight shift in time or position, damage or injury easily could have occurred.
Near miss is a subset of incident. Incident is made up of accident + near miss. The difference between near miss and accident is that; accident could result to injury, damage to property/equipment/machinery or damage to environment while near miss results to zero damage.
Examples Of Near Miss
Here are some practical examples:
Why Near Miss Reporting And Investigation Is Important
It should be reported because:
When near misses are reported and properly investigated, accident will be prevented, and early detection of failures will be enhanced.
How To Write A Near Miss Report
Writing report for near misses is not so different since it is equally an incident report. It takes almost the same pattern. Follow the steps below:
near miss
1 near miss
it was a near miss ≅ чуть-чу́ть не попа́л; ещё немно́жко и удало́сь бы
2 near miss
3 near-miss
4 near miss
it was a near miss — чуть-чуть не попал; ещё немножко и удалось бы
While flying on instruments, he had a near miss with a hilltop. — Во время полёта вслепую, он чуть не врезался в вершину холма.
Two air traffic controllers were convicted as a result of a near miss between two Japan Airlines aircraft over Tokyo in January 2001. — Два авиадиспетчера были признаны виновными в совершении уголовного преступления после того, как в январе 2001 года в небе над Токио чуть не столкнулись два самолёта компании «Японские авиалинии».
No major accidents have occurred in the West although the incidents at Brown’s Ferry, Harrisburg and Three Mile Island in the United States are well known. These were near misses. — На Западе серьёзных аварий не было, но хорошо известно, что были инциденты на атомных электростанциях в Браунс-Ферри и на острове Три-Майл близ города Харрсиберг в США. Эти инциденты едва не обернулись катастрофой.
5 near miss
6 near miss
7 near miss
8 near miss
9 near miss
10 near-miss
предпосылка к аварии
—
[А.С.Гольдберг. Англо-русский энергетический словарь. 2006 г.]
Тематики
11 near miss
событие, близкое к аварийной ситуации
возможное, но реально не случившееся событие
Потенциальное значительное событие, которое могло бы произойти в результате фактической последовательности происшествий, но не произошло благодаря условиям, существовавшим в данное время на станции.
[Глоссарий МАГАТЭ по вопросам безопасности]
Тематики
Синонимы
12 NEAR MISS
13 near miss
14 near miss
15 near miss
16 near-miss
17 near-miss
18 near miss
19 near miss
20 near-miss
См. также в других словарях:
near miss — near misses also near miss 1) N COUNT You can say that there is a near miss when something is nearly hit by another thing, for example by a vehicle or a bomb. Details have been given of a near miss between two airliners over southern England… … English dictionary
Near miss — may refer to: Near miss (safety), an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage but had the potential to do so Near Earth object, an asteroid or meteorite that barely misses the earth or another body Near miss Johnson solid … Wikipedia
Near Miss — was an American punk rock band from Austin, Texas.HistoryNear Miss was founded in 2001 by two former members of Bigwig, who recorded a 4 song demo that year. After expanding to a four piece, the group signed to Fearless Records, releasing their… … Wikipedia
near miss — noun count 1. ) an occasion when an accident or injury almost happens, but does not: Some Australian climbers had a near miss at the summit. 2. ) an occasion when something almost happens but does not … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
near miss — near′ miss′ or near′ miss′ n. 1) a strike by a missile that is not a direct hit 2) cvb the narrow avoidance of a collision 3) something that falls narrowly short of its object … From formal English to slang
near miss — [n] close call close shave, narrow escape, near hit; concept 747 … New thesaurus
near miss — n. 1. a shell, aerial bomb, etc. that does not score a direct hit on the target but comes close enough to inflict some damage 2. any result that is nearly but not quite successful 3. a narrowly averted collision; a near escape … English World dictionary
near miss — ► NOUN 1) a narrowly avoided collision. 2) a bomb or shot that just misses its target … English terms dictionary
Near Miss — Der Begriff Near Miss stammt ursprünglich aus der Luftfahrt und bezeichnet dort einen Beinahezusammenstoß, also eine kritische Annäherung zweier Luftfahrzeuge, die nicht zu einem Zusammenstoß in der Luft (engl. midair collision) und einem… … Deutsch Wikipedia
near-miss — ˈ ̷ ̷| ̷ ̷ noun : a miss (as with a bomb) close enough to the target to cause damage; broadly : something that falls just short of complete success * * * near miss «NIHR MIHS», noun. 1. a) the failure to make a direct hit on a target or other… … Useful english dictionary
near miss — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms near miss : singular near miss plural near misses 1) an occasion when an accident or injury almost happens, but does not Some Australian climbers had a near miss at the summit. 2) an occasion when something… … English dictionary
When is a near miss not a near miss?
Paul Haskins
Over the years we’ve probably all seen newspaper articles or documentaries revelling in the details of so-called ‘near misses’, with hundreds of passengers supposedly moments from disaster.
As someone who was an air traffic controller for 14 years I can tell you that the reality is usually very, very different.
The first point to make is that serious mistakes by controllers or pilots are incredibly rare. Over the past five years almost 11 million flights carrying around a billion passengers have flown through the UK and yet there have been only two instances where NATS was responsible for a risk-bearing incident, and even in those cases they were resolved safely.
Of course that is still two too many and we work every day to help ensure we are as safe as we possibly can be, but by any measure aviation remains an incredibly safe way to travel. Multiple layers of process, procedure and technology built up over years of experience both on the ground and in the air are designed to help catch mistakes before then can become anything more serious.
But what really happens when a mistake is made? The minimum standard separation between two aircraft is either 3 or 5 miles apart laterally (depending on the type of airspace) or 1,000ft vertically – that’s about the height of The Shard in London. If for some reason that hasn’t been maintained, it will be recorded as a ‘Loss of Separation’. The vast majority of these are minor where there was absolutely no risk of a collision, but we investigate every occurrence to understand why it happened.
For more serious losses it will be reported as an Airprox, a situation in which, in ‘the opinion of a pilot or air traffic controller, the distance between aircraft as well as their relative positions and speed have been such that the safety of the aircraft involved may have been compromised’. The UK Airprox Board is a group of industry experts who will then investigate what happened, come to a conclusion on the cause and severity and potentially make recommendations to help make sure it doesn’t happen again.
If the mistake was likely to be down to the controller, it’s standard practice to relieve them of duty. They will make a report and our own internal investigation will look at what happened and if the controller could benefit from any additional support or training. These discussions usually take place with the CAA and then the supervisor on duty will make the decision on when the controller can return to work.
Controllers who make honest mistakes will never face censure or punishment. NATS operates what’s called a ‘Just Culture’ and open reporting is very important and actively encouraged. If a particular improvement or change is identified as a result of an investigation, it will be shared with the rest of the team and potentially the rest of the operation. That way issues don’t go unrecognised and everyone benefits from learning the lessons.
In truth, there are now so few incidents that we spend a huge amount of time looking at and analysing data to predict and mitigate issues before they happen, or to understand positive behaviour so it can be replicated across the operation.
So the next time you read a headline claiming a near disaster, remember that flying is an incredibly safe way to travel thanks to the huge daily effort that goes into keeping it that way.
How to Report a Near Miss to Improve Workplace Health & Safety
A near miss, also known as a close call, is a workplace incident that almost resulted in an injury, fatality, or property damage — but didn’t.
Some employers and employees view near-misses as too minor and inconsequential to report as a health and safety issue.
Many people feel this way because they do not fully understand how reporting near-misses can improve workplace safety. Others may feel afraid they will be blamed for a near miss, while a few may simply be confused about what kind of near misses need to be reported.
This article will break the confusion surrounding near misses, explore the importance of reporting near misses, and go through a checklist of how to report them.
What is a near miss? Near miss definition and legal obligations
The HSE defines a near miss as “an event not causing harm, but has the potential to cause injury or ill health”. The term ‘near miss’ also includes ‘dangerous occurrences’ as defined in the Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR).
Every organisation’s incident reporting procedure should cover four types of incidents: unexpected events, near misses, adverse events, and awareness events. Organisations are also legally obliged to report near misses under RIDDOR to the local authorities.
The relationship between near misses and accidents
Hindsight, as they say, is 20/20. It’s easy to look back and analyse what happened after things have gone wrong. While a post-analysis is necessary to deliver valuable insights, it can never reverse an accident, injury, or fatality.
What if you could use foresight to prevent things from going wrong in the first place? What if you could identify and avoid the red flags before they become accidents? This is the premise and objective of reporting near misses.
The Accident Triangle theory, which has been described as a cornerstone of 20th-century workplace health and safety philosophy, states that there are 300 near misses for every serious accident. HSE’s evaluation follows a similar pattern, with roughly 90 near misses estimated for every accident.
Critics of the Accident Triangle theory proclaim the numbers’ inaccuracy, especially because of variability across different industries. However, for the purposes of reporting near misses, the ratio accuracy of the Accident Triangle is insignificant.
What matters is the simple principle behind the Accident Triangle theory: reduce the number of near misses, and you’ll reduce the number of incidents that cause injury, fatality, or damage.
Benefits of reporting near misses
Since the same factors that lead to a near miss can lead to an accident, monitoring near misses can help you take proactive action to:
We can see many of these benefits in action with the following case study.
| Case Study: Alcoa Inc. |
|---|
| About the organisation: Alcoa is an American industrial corporation and the world’s eighth largest producer of aluminium. Person in charge: Bob B. is a mill operator who serves as co-chair of the joint safety, environment and health league at Alcoa. Near miss report: A crane was lifting a sheet of scrap metal from one side of the plant to the other. The scrap metal was lifted nearly 30 feet off the ground and this led to a near miss incident. Several similar near miss incidents involving the same procedure were also reported. Proactive steps: Alcoa’s management has a policy to discuss near miss reports in regularly scheduled meetings with employees. Bob B. involved the crane operator and other related employees in the discussion of the near miss incident involving the crane. This helped the management to understand the issue from an operations perspective. Together with the employees, the management decided to change the lift and impose a policy that the sheet cannot be raised more than 10 feet off the ground. Result: The changes increased visibility, making the work easier and safer for the crane operator. They reduced the risk of someone getting hit by a falling piece of metal. They reaffirmed a safety culture where every employee feels safe to discuss near miss incidents and safety hazards. |
The difference between reporting a near miss and reporting a hazard
A near miss and a hazard are similar in the sense that both did not end up in an injury or damage. It’s easy to get confused between the two. How do you know if you should be reporting a near miss or reporting a hazard?
Here is a decision tree flowchart that can help you.
The following examples can help further clarify the difference between a near miss and a hazard.
| Hazard | Near Miss |
|---|---|
| You see a ladder with a broken rung. | You are using a ladder and almost stepped on the broken rung. |
| You see an equipment that’s leaking water. | You almost slipped on the puddle of water caused by the leaking equipment. |
| You see somebody working from height without wearing a helmet. | You see somebody working from height without wearing a helmet and they almost fell. |
| You notice a working space is dimly lit with poor visibility. | You enter a dimly lit working space and almost hit your head on something. |
| You notice that your clothing could get caught in an exposed area of machinery you are using. | Your clothing gets caught in machinery and rips but you are not injured. |
How to report a near miss
A near miss is an incident that did not lead to injury or damage. Thus, reporting near misses follows the same procedure as reporting any other accident. For guidance on how to effectively report a near miss, follow this quick checklist:
Step 1:
Clear the area & inspect the incident location for immediate risks.
Step 2:
Confirm that the workmate has first aid assistance. For a near miss incident, confirm that there are no injuries.
Step 3:
Report the incident to superiors for further investigation.
Step 4:
Log the incident into the company’s preferred incident reporting system.
Step 5:
Have an impartial, responsible, third party investigate the incident.
Step 6:
Evaluate if it is a RIDDOR-reportable incident and report it as such.
Step 7:
Take measures to reduce the possibility of a similar incident occurring.
For more details on each step, download the full checklist guide here. We highly recommend you and your team familiarise yourselves with this checklist so you’ll know what to do when a near miss happens.
When it comes to Step 4 of this checklist—logging the incident—it’s important to describe any hazards or dangerous behaviour that caused the near miss. Here’s a sample of what an incident report of a near miss could look like.
Unexpected Event
Loading Bay Warehouse A
14 April 2021
Time: 7:10am
Diana P.
Victor Stone
Bruce Wayne
Mr. Curry stated: I was beside the forklift helping Barry to direct the loading. That’s when I noticed the top pallets were shaky, but before I could warn Barry, it came crashing down. I ran away in time. The falling boxes just missed me.
There also needs to be regular staff training and refresher courses on how to safely operate warehouse machinery so employees know how to avoid endangering themselves.
When writing a near miss incident report, keep these tips in mind:
How to implement a near miss reporting program
The benefits of reporting near misses are clear. How can you implement a near miss reporting program that your employees will not shy away from?
The solution is to incorporate near miss reporting into your organisation’s overall hazard reporting system. For more details on how to do this, read this guideline on the 6 pillars of reporting health and safety issues.
Creating a work culture where employees understand the importance of reporting hazards and near misses — and feel safe to do so without the fear of being blamed or punished — is also important to ensure your near miss reporting program can successfully improve your organisation’s safety and security.
near miss
Полезное
Смотреть что такое «near miss» в других словарях:
near miss — near misses also near miss 1) N COUNT You can say that there is a near miss when something is nearly hit by another thing, for example by a vehicle or a bomb. Details have been given of a near miss between two airliners over southern England… … English dictionary
Near miss — may refer to: Near miss (safety), an unplanned event that did not result in injury, illness, or damage but had the potential to do so Near Earth object, an asteroid or meteorite that barely misses the earth or another body Near miss Johnson solid … Wikipedia
Near Miss — was an American punk rock band from Austin, Texas.HistoryNear Miss was founded in 2001 by two former members of Bigwig, who recorded a 4 song demo that year. After expanding to a four piece, the group signed to Fearless Records, releasing their… … Wikipedia
near miss — noun count 1. ) an occasion when an accident or injury almost happens, but does not: Some Australian climbers had a near miss at the summit. 2. ) an occasion when something almost happens but does not … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
near miss — near′ miss′ or near′ miss′ n. 1) a strike by a missile that is not a direct hit 2) cvb the narrow avoidance of a collision 3) something that falls narrowly short of its object … From formal English to slang
near miss — [n] close call close shave, narrow escape, near hit; concept 747 … New thesaurus
near miss — n. 1. a shell, aerial bomb, etc. that does not score a direct hit on the target but comes close enough to inflict some damage 2. any result that is nearly but not quite successful 3. a narrowly averted collision; a near escape … English World dictionary
near miss — ► NOUN 1) a narrowly avoided collision. 2) a bomb or shot that just misses its target … English terms dictionary
Near Miss — Der Begriff Near Miss stammt ursprünglich aus der Luftfahrt und bezeichnet dort einen Beinahezusammenstoß, also eine kritische Annäherung zweier Luftfahrzeuge, die nicht zu einem Zusammenstoß in der Luft (engl. midair collision) und einem… … Deutsch Wikipedia
near-miss — ˈ ̷ ̷| ̷ ̷ noun : a miss (as with a bomb) close enough to the target to cause damage; broadly : something that falls just short of complete success * * * near miss «NIHR MIHS», noun. 1. a) the failure to make a direct hit on a target or other… … Useful english dictionary
near miss — UK / US noun [countable] Word forms near miss : singular near miss plural near misses 1) an occasion when an accident or injury almost happens, but does not Some Australian climbers had a near miss at the summit. 2) an occasion when something… … English dictionary