What is a research methodology

Research Methodology – Overview, Types and Methods

Research methodology revolves around a step-by-step method for garnering, analyzing, and processing the collected data. Everything here is according to the research design.

It is associated with the process that researchers systematically follow to design a study by ensuring validity and reliability while addressing the research goals. In the process, researchers decide what data to collect, from whom this data should be collected via sampling, how to collect it, and how to analyze that data.

Table of Contents

What is Research Methodology?

Research methodology signifies the different procedures, techniques for identification. And it was then processed, followed by analysis.

The methodology section in the research paper has pointed the readers with aspects. Like, a study’s thorough examination. How far the truth reaches, and how is the dependability score. It describes the initiation of the data and its analysis. That all depends on researchers how they can get it through until they catch the aim.

There is a topic of research methods, informal ones. Be it a dissertation, thesis, academic journal article, or any other. To find which method text is a proper one, search for those that have ‘what’ references and ‘why.’

On the best ones, a Practical explanation is what you find. At the same time, none of those poor methodologies have it.

What is Research Design?

Research Design is a structure aiming to provide an ideal framework for the study being conducted.

The most important decision to be made about research is the process or the methodology that the researcher wishes to employ. This design includes the processes that will be used to collect the information and other relevant decisions regarding the study’s conduction.

The research design contains the crux of the study. It has the methodology in the design, as in the questionnaire, survey, etc. Other forms of design to be used are interviews of the employees or participants in the study.

The research design can either be descriptive or objective, depending on the topic or the study’s hypothesis. Thus, the research design being deployed by the researcher becomes very important.

It ensures that the way forward in terms of data collection accuracy and the analysis of data is assured.

An in-detailed explanation of the design being used forms a crux of the researcher’s final paper as it gives the reader an insight into the whole process. It also sets the tone for the researcher to collect data with precision.

Types of Research Methodology

Make sure you check three things- qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-method methodology.

Each of these is a different variation of the method. The only distinctive are either numbers or words or both.

1. Qualitative research

Qualitative research directs on accumulating data, examining them in words or text frames. Also, this research points out the visual facets and body language.

Qualitative research is more often used in experimental objectives. Your best example of this would be examining a person and then understanding them under a certain event or anything needful.

It is in the subjective form and has participants on the go. This is the reason why outcomes of point limit to what study and another context may not exemplify.

In contrast, qualitative research is a lot more in need of time.

2. Quantitative research

As the word ‘Quantity’ suggests, quantitative research tells about ratio, measurement. And an assessment with numerical data.

Quite the opposite of qualitative research, quantitative research is confirmatory. Testing assumptions that are not yet proved true comes under examples of quantitative. Another example is calculating the likes of engaging in crime. Or how stretched is the relationship with it.

Quantitative is easier to collect and needs less time to be over as software is available to carry it.

Because measuring is a part, this research methodology evaluates a better ‘scientific.’ But with some better-visualized answers.

3. Mixed-method methodology

The combination of qualitative and quantitative research serves as a mixed-method methodology. But with a better result.

Types of Sampling Design Approaches used in Research Methodology

Sampling design is about deciding where you shall collect your data from.

There are many sample options, but the two main sampling designs are probability sampling and non-probability sampling.

Probability sampling is one that makes use of a random sample from a group of participants. These participants are called the population in research.

A completely random sample is used to arrive at generalizable conclusions and applied uniformly to the entire population. Putting it simply, the researcher goes ahead with an expectation of getting a similar result from the entire population without indulging in the tiresome practice of collecting data from the entire group.

The non-probability sampling does not practice the usage of a random sample. It involves the researcher choosing a convenient sample instead.

The interviewer here surveys the population he has easy access to rather than picking a random sample due to a resource or mobility constraint. What is different here is that with non-probability sampling, the derived results cannot be generalized and considered applicable to the entire population.

Thus, with either of the ways of sampling, the result varies. The difference lies in the generalization principle of the data gathered. If an assumption can be made or not about the result’s universality depends on the method deployed.

Methods of Data Collection used in Research Methodology

Data collection is yet another essential aspect of research methodology. It depends on the researcher and the nature of the research question that which techniques have to be deployed. Exploratory research uses qualitative data collection techniques, while a few others might use quantitative techniques to gather data.

The choice of which data collection method to use depends on your overall research aims and objectives and practicalities and resource constraints. For example, if your research is exploratory, qualitative methods such as interviews and focus groups would likely be a good fit.

Conversely, if your research aims to measure specific variables or test hypotheses, large-scale surveys that produce large volumes of numerical data would likely be a better fit.

Thus, the researcher needs to pick the data collection techniques with an intelligible argument defending the choice. This practice goes a long way in ensuring accuracy in data collection.

Main Groups of Research Methods in Social Science

Social Sciences include an array of research methods. All these can be classified systematically under two umbrella methodologies. The first one being the empirical-analytical approach or the one more qualitative. The second one being interpretative, dealing with a more qualitative exploration.

What are the Techniques for Collecting Data?

Collecting data and passing through the analyzing stage vary for qualitative and quantitative. But whichever it is, the factor of objectives must be clear to opt for the effective one.

Qualitative, focused techniques include Qualitative content analysis—also, Narrative analysis, Discourse analysis, and Grounded theory.

While in quantitative, it’s descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics, here, refer to means, median modes, etc. And inferential statistics redeem to correlation, structural equation modeling, etc.

How to Choose the Correct Research Methodology?

Again, the aim must be clear and kept on priority, which is why you should first identify the research frame.

Exploratory, confirmatory, or both, distinguish which category it comes under—qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-method methodology.

The correct grab of any piece of research is by:

Taking into account what are the pending aims and objectives meant to meet out at the end.

What is Dissertation Coaching?

Dissertation, written in the past tense, asks for your used methods.

A dissertation enables the reader to judge whether the data is valid and trustworthy. How and what you did to meet whatever attainable is the influencing factor.

The proper ones of this include the type of research undergone. Also, how their collection and how it got analyzed in the way. And materials used with the justification of why only ‘this’ and not others.

How to Describe Methods in Quantitative Methods?

Know that other researchers must be able to repeat the study. As such, you must give adequate details for a good score.

You need to explain the concepts withheld how the measuring of variables took place. Sampling method. And research tools used with nifty.

1. Inputs about survey qualitative research

Do not skip the surveys, too, from when to wear, and how to administer it. Every description must be appealing and polished.

Survey Descriptions must include the following:

2. Focus on your objectives and research questions

How the methods came about as suitability is one question, very important. And also, persuade anyone reading that it was the beat after all.

You need to make sure that the preferences happen to be prominent, though, with the dissertation back again.

3. Write to your audience

Your Details are to be accurate but with limits. You must know how long you should go and stop until when and not contain insignificant details.

Information that does not suit the field you have taken care to be through with a justification. But anything that’s marginalized to the field doesn’t ask for such deep focus.

Well, descriptive, clear are what you should install in the research.

Conclusion

Difficulties are a part. So, you can discuss what obstacles had appeared and how you gave it a pass. And tell about the unpredicted difficulty. Express the difficulty and cut-through of it.

Interviews (in qualitative research) deliver a more accurate report.

Also, they give out only qualitative. Yet, questionnaires help out in quantitative reports. But it also might not be the case in some situations.

Having any doubts about the right research methodology for your research paper? Feel free to ask us in the comment section below.

Research Methods | Definitions, Types, Examples

Research methods are specific procedures for collecting and analyzing data. Developing your research methods is an integral part of your research design. When planning your methods, there are two key decisions you will make.

First, decide how you will collect data. Your methods depend on what type of data you need to answer your research question:

Second, decide how you will analyze the data.

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Methods for collecting data

Data is the information that you collect for the purposes of answering your research question. The type of data you need depends on the aims of your research.

Qualitative vs. quantitative data

Your choice of qualitative or quantitative data collection depends on the type of knowledge you want to develop.

You can also take a mixed methods approach, where you use both qualitative and quantitative research methods.

Primary vs. secondary data

Primary data is any original information that you collect for the purposes of answering your research question (e.g. through surveys, observations and experiments). Secondary data is information that has already been collected by other researchers (e.g. in a government census or previous scientific studies).

If you are exploring a novel research question, you’ll probably need to collect primary data. But if you want to synthesize existing knowledge, analyze historical trends, or identify patterns on a large scale, secondary data might be a better choice.

Descriptive vs. experimental data

To conduct an experiment, you need to be able to vary your independent variable, precisely measure your dependent variable, and control for confounding variables. If it’s practically and ethically possible, this method is the best choice for answering questions about cause and effect.

What is research methodology?

What is a research methodology?

When you’re working on your first piece of academic research, there are many different things to focus on and it can be overwhelming to stay on top of everything. This is especially true of budding or inexperienced researchers.

If you’ve never put together a research proposal before or find yourself in a position where you need to explain your research methodology decisions, there are a few things you need to be aware of.

Once you understand the in’s and out’s, handling academic research in the future will be less intimidating. We break down the basics below:

The basics of a research methodology

A research methodology encompasses the way in which you intend to carry out your research. This includes how you plan to tackle things like collection methods, statistical analysis, participant observations, and more.

You can think of your research methodology as being a formula. One part will be how you plan on putting your research into practice and another will be why you feel this is the best way to approach it. Your research methodology is ultimately a methodological and systematic plan to resolve your research problem.

In short, you are explaining how you will take your idea and turn it into a study, which in turn will produce valid and reliable results that are in accordance with the aims and objectives of your research. This is true whether your paper plans to make use of qualitative methods or quantitative methods.

Why do you need a research methodology?

Think of it like writing a plan or an outline for you what you intend to do.

When carrying out research, it can be easy to go off-track or depart from your standard methodology.

Having a methodology keepsВ youВ accountableВ andВ on trackВ with your original aims and objectives, andВ gives you a suitable and sound plan to keep your project manageable, smooth, and effective.

What needs to be included?

With all that said, how do you write out your standard approach to a research methodology?

As a general plan, your methodology should include the following information:

Why do you need to document your research method?

In any dissertation, thesis, or academic journal, you will always find a chapter dedicated to explaining the research methodology of the person who carried out the study, also referred to as the methodology sections of the work.

A good research methodology will explain what you are going to do and why, while a poor methodology will lead to a messy or disorganized approach.

You should also be able to justify in this section your reasoning for why you intend on carrying out your research in a particular way, especially if it might be a particularly unique method.

Having a sound methodology in place can also help you in the following scenarios:

What are the different types of research instruments?

A research instrument is a tool you will use to help you collect, measure and analyze the data you use as part of your research.

The choice of research instrument will usually be yours to make as the researcher and will be whichever best suits your methodology.

There are many different research instruments you can use in collecting data for your research.

Generally, they can be grouped as follows:

These are the most common ways of carrying out research, but it is really dependent on your needs as a researcher and what approach you think is best to take.

It is also possible to combine a number of research instruments if this is necessary and appropriate in answering your research problem.

Qualitative / quantitative / mixed research methodologies

There are three different types of methodologies and they are distinguished by whether they focus on words, numbers, or both.

Qualitative vs. Quantitative data.

This methodology focuses more on measuring and testing numerical data. What is the aim of quantitative research?

When using this form of research, your objective will usually be to confirm something.

Surveys, tests, existing databases.

For example, you may use this type of methodology if you are looking to test a set of hypotheses.

Qualitative research is a process of collecting and analyzing both words and textual data.

This form of research methodology is sometimes used where the aim and objective of the research are exploratory.

Observations, interviews, focus groups.

Exploratory research might be used where you are trying to understand human actions i.e. for a study in the sociology or psychology field.

A mixed-method approach combines both of the above approaches.

The quantitative approach will provide you with some definitive facts and figures, whereas the qualitative methodology will provide your research with an interesting human aspect.

Where you can use a mixed method of research, this can produce some incredibly interesting results. This is due to testing in a way that provides data that is both proven to be exact while also being exploratory at the same time.

How do you choose the best research methodologyВ for you?

If you’ve done your due diligence, you’ll have an idea of which methodology approach is best suited to your research.

It’s likely that you will have carried out considerable reading and homework before you reach this point and you may have taken inspiration from other similar studies that have yielded good results.

Still, it is important to consider different options before setting your research into stone. Exploring different options available will help you to explain why the choice you ultimately make is preferable to other methods.

If proving your research problem requires you to gather large volumes of numerical data to test hypotheses, a quantitative research method is likely to provide you with the most usable results.

If instead you’re looking to try and learn more about people, and their perception of events, your methodology is more exploratory in nature and would therefore probably be better served using a qualitative research methodology.

It helps to always bring things back to the question: what do I want to achieve with my research?

Frequently Asked Questions about research methodology

Research methodology refers to the techniques used to find and analyze information for a study, ensuring that the results are valid, reliable and that they address the research objective.

🔬 What are the 4 types of research methodology?

Data can typically be organized into four different categories or methods: observational, experimental, simulation and derived.

рџ“Љ How do you write a research methodology?

Writing a methodology section is a process of introducing your methods and instruments, discussing your analysis, providing more background information, addressing your research limitations, and more.

📇 What do you write in a research methodology proposal?

Your research methodology section will need a clear research question and proposed research approach. You’ll need to add a background, introduce your research question, write your methodology and add the works you cited during your data collecting phase.

рџ’ѕ What is the importance of research methodology?

The research methodology section of your study will indicate how valid your findings are and how well-informed your paper is. It also assists future researchers planning to use the same methodology, who want to cite your study or replicate it.

Research Methodology

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How does a researcher decide

In this article, we have explained how you can design your own research methodology. Dive in to read more.

What is Research Methodology?

A research methodology is an outline of how a given piece of research is carried out. It defines the techniques or procedures that are used to identify and analyse information regarding a specific research topic. The research methodology, therefore, has to do with how a researcher designs their study in a way that allows them to obtain valid and reliable results and meet their research objectives.

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Research Methodology in Formal Research

Research papers, dissertations, thesis, academic journal articles, or any other piece of formal research will contain a section (or chapter) on research methodology. This section stipulates the methodological choices made and also substantiates why these choices were made. This section is therefore used by researchers to justify why the methods they employed are best suited to achieve the research objective and arrive at valid and reliable results. This section also allows readers to evaluate the reliability and validity of a study based on the relevance and effectiveness of the procedures employed.

Types of Research Methodologies

There are three key types of research methodologies:

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How to Write a Research Methodology

Now that you have an understanding of what a research methodology is, let’s go over how one can write a research methodology using four constructive steps:

Research methodology is a large topic and designing a research method properly can be challenging. However, the key tip to take away from this article is that when designing a research method you should focus on clearly defining the aims and objectives of the research.

Types of Research Methodology

What is Research?

Research takes place with the purpose of acquiring knowledge to contribute to further investigation or process to inform action, to prove a theory, or to reach a result. To produce fruitful experience, the Research must be of high quality. And types of Research Methodology support to get the best-suited outcome. We can understand the significance of Research with some fundamental points:

The importance of Research in any field can’t be ignored. But many skip researching before starting anything. Lazy students and disinterested academics do not realize the need for doing research, but it is an imperative procedure to ensure the safety or positive result of their work.

The research covers not only the education field, but it covers both professionals and non-professionals. Even for non-professionals, it is meant to acquire knowledge which helps them to sharpen their skills to survive around intelligence and improve their confidence.

Definition

In Research, the world’s’ signifies frequency and intensity, while the ‘search’ syllable is synonymous with discovery. This way, ‘research’ means – the repetitive and in-depth findings of the objects. In other words, searching for the core of the items, making some conclusions, discovering new theories, and clarifying those contributions fall under the process of “research”.

Research is a well-planned and scientific method of finding solutions to a wide variety of problems. Under the meaning of Research, there is an attempt made to obtain a solution to the problem by collecting various types of data and systematic analysis of the multiple aspects of the issues related.

Research is a systematic method by which new facts are discovered, or ancient facts are confirmed, and they study the sequences, interactions, causal interpretations, and natural laws that determine the points obtained. Research, an attempt is made to solve a theoretical or practical problem.

As per the American sociologist Earl Robert Babbie, “Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict, and control the observed phenomenon. Research involves inductive and deductive methods.”

What is the research methodology?

The techniques or the specific procedure which helps the students to identify, choose, process, and analyze information about a subject is called Research Methodology.

It allows the readers to evaluate the validity and reliability of the study in the research paper. In simple words, it describes what you did and what made you reach this obtained result.

It is practical to know ‘how’ the given Research or any specific piece of Research was done. How a researcher designs a comprehensive study to get a reliable outcome which justifies the objectives of the course can be figured out by research methodology.

For instance: Research Methodology allows us to know:

In any formal research or a piece of Research (dissertation, thesis, academic journal, or article), there will be a research methodology section that describes what, by whom, how to collect, and how to analyze the data are given. Specifically, in any dissertation, the methodology chapter explains both what methodological choices were made and why they were made.

The methodology section should confirm that the selected methods are the best methods to get reliable and valid results to justify the aims and objectives of the Research. It is of utmost importance to choose the right way so that the work of the Research must be accurate.

Briefly, the systematic way to find out the solution to a problem is Research Methodology. The procedure carried out by researchers to go about their work of explaining and predicting occurrences. Providing the work plan to Research is the aim of Research Methodology.

Importance of Research Methodology in Research

To solve the difficulties coming in the way of Research is the main work of designing a methodology. It is necessary not just to identify the problem for Research but to determine the best method to solve that problem as well.

For instance to understand: the person who is researching need not just to know how to calculate mean etc. for a set of data, or how to find a solution of a physical system, or how to find the roots of algebraic equations but also need to know-

(i) a suitable method for the decision problem.
(ii) the order of accuracy of the outcome of a way for the problem.
(iii) the efficiency of the way.

The role of Methodology in solving the problems in the way of Research are:

The detailed study of Methodology of Research teaches to select the best method, data or information, scientific ways and teaches the techniques to solve the problem.

How research methodology is different from research methods?

Research Methodology is confused with Research Methods, and often beginners use both the terminology interchangeably and sometimes consider them one. However, both are different from each other and having noticeable differences between them. In one place, the method by which you research a topic or subject is termed as Research Method. On the other hand, research methodology shows the way by which researchers can proceed with their Research.

Technically, Research methods include experiments, tests, surveys, and so on on the topics. On the contrary, research methodology teaches the various techniques which help in Research and teaches how to perform tests, experiments, surveys, and critical studies of the subject or a topic.

The science to learn how Research of a particular case or matter is to be carried out to get the outcome is Research Methodology. It describes the process used by researchers to describe, explain, and predict the occurrence. By research methodology, one can learn the methods to gain knowledge. In short, it is the work plan for any research.

Meaning of Research Methods

All the methods which help the Researcher to carry out research, and this involves different steps, schemes, and algorithms are termed as research methods.

With research methods, data, samples, and information are collected to find the result of a problem. These methods are value-neutral, well-planned, and scientific, which also include collecting data, carrying out theoretical procedures, experimental studies, numerical schemes, statistical approaches on Research.

Research Methods stress on only those explanations which a researcher can verify by conducting experiments. The reasons which are involved in the investigation must be based on collected facts, measurements and observations.

In simple words, finding a solution to a problem is the main target of research methods. While research methodology is the employment of adopting the correct procedures to reach out to the answers. Research methodology shows the right way to research methods to be applied correctly for the best result. In any scientific or non-scientific research, Research methodology is the beginning, whereas research methods are the end. To obtain a perfect outcome of the Research, the Researcher should be good at both research methods and research methodology.

What are the types of Research Methodology?

Any research uses many different types of research methodologies which include a collection of data, designing research structure, analysis of data etc. The term is used for the structured process of conducting Research. The primary purpose of conducting Research through research methodology is to find answers of:

There are different types of Research Methodology used in conducting research. Research methodology professors have concluded these methods, and according to them, Qualitative research methodology and Quantitative research methodology are two main types of research methodology.

Qualitative Research Methodology:

The qualitative research methodology is descriptive and subjective irrespective of facts. Observation and description are more important in this type of Methodology. The main aim of this type of Methodology is to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, and opinions of people about the Research’s topic. The method works using grounded Research, case study, action research, disclosure analysis, ethnography, etc. The qualitative research methodology is based on the quality of the phenomenon.

In qualitative methods, intensity, amount or frequency of Data is immaterial. It focuses on non-rigorous examination or measurement of data. For qualitative Research, size doesn’t matter. It understands feelings, viewpoints, and impressions. The useful qualitative method encompasses highly focused, flexible, and provides quick results. However, there is a scope of misunderstanding and misuse of qualitative methods.

Critical Characteristics of Qualitative Research:

When an event is viewed in context, it would be understood adequately. Therefore, a qualitative researcher immerses himself in the setting.

Strengths of Qualitative Research:

Limitations of Qualitative Research:

Types of Research Methodology

Quantitative Research Methodology:

This type of research methodology tests the importance of the Hypothesis of Research. This is a systematic research methodology and is in numbers. The quantitative research methodology includes laboratory experiments, econometric, mathematical calculations, surveys, simulation etc. The measurement, quantity or amount is the critical factor in Quantitative research methodology.

In quantitative research methodology, the analysis and measurement of data and relationship between variables are essential. It involves number based Research which measures attitude, behaviour, and performance in numbers. This method makes data easier to interpret. It requires those techniques which can apply to a larger view. The data received for the purpose to use in quantitative research methodology can effectively convert into graphs or charts. So, there will be a difficulty for an interpreter to influence it.

In this method, the data concerned can be analyzed in numbers. The results obtained from this research method are analyzed and interpreted easily. As the term suggests, the quantitative way is the collection and analysis of data which can be found in numeric form. Large-scale and representative sets of data are required for adopting this type of Research Methodology. This method is comparatively expensive.

Critical Characteristics of Quantitative Research Methodology:

It helps the Researcher to identify the cause of his/her observation. Experiments are meant to get the outcome of problems. They try to find why certain things happen and what causes that thing. Control provides unambiguous answers to the questions mentioned above.

To eliminate any ambiguity in the meaning of any term and establish communication. There should be some steps or operations to measure the terms. E.g., ‘Anxiety is the reason behind student failure in the test.’

Now, the question will arise ‘What is meant by anxiety?’ If someone answers, anxiety means being tense. Then it adds to the confusion to the meaning only. On the contrary, one defines stress as a score over a criterion level on an anxiety scale that helps others to understand what anxiety is!

Replication of data requires reliable obtained data. It means if the process is repeated, it generates the same result. If something happens differently, then explanations and descriptions are considered unreliable.

The systematic construction of a hypothesis which subjects to an empirical test.

Strengths of Quantitative Research Methodology:

Limitations of Quantitative Research Methodology:

The Researcher takes involvement in choosing the problem significant for investigation subjectively. So, it is not objective.

Types of Research in Research Methodology

The systematic and logical search for useful information or result is Research of a particular topic. To find a solution to the problem by performing systematic analysis, researchers initiate any research on the subject of their interest. They use different methods of Research which comes under research methodology.

Following are the types of Research in research methodology:

Non-commercial Research is basic Research whose motive is to collect data to enhance knowledge. It doesn’t focus on creating or inventing anything during the process. This type of Research is like an investigation carried on basic principles, and it is also termed as theoretical Research. Examination on principles of basic science or natural events which may not allow for an immediate purpose or application.

Basic Research is quite essential in character and not suitable to find solutions to any practical problems which require quick results. The primary research method provides in-depth and systematic insight into a subject to make scientific and logical explanations easier. With the approach of primary research methods, a researcher draws new boundaries of knowledge. The outcome of basic Research forms a primary platform for applied research methods. The results of basic Research proves useful for a researcher who uses techniques of applied Research.

For instance: Basic research methods apply on experiments to find simple facts.

To solve real-life problems, the applied research method is best suited. Unlike basic research methods, used research methods solve practical problems which require scientific methods to incorporate.

A researcher solves problems with already known and proved theories when they apply applied research methods. The Research which provides immediate outcomes and helps basic Research as well is involved Research. Case studies, experimental Research, and interdisciplinary Research are applied Research. This type of Research is of practical use such as Research on pollution control, inventing vaccines for a new disease, increasing efficiency and production of machinery.

For instance: To find a specific cure for a disease. The study of medical science teaches students to take care of humans.

This type of research methods aims to understand what the exact problem is and what would be the best solution to this problem. The problem-oriented Research justifies its name as it focuses on the issue to find out relevant outcomes. The word ‘problem’ doesn’t mean only one problem arising in the Research, but the number of problems may vary.

For instance: If the revenue of a mobile company shows decrements of 12%. In this case, the problem-oriented method of Research will be applied to figure out the exact problem behind the loss, which would be low quality, non-catchable ads, the economic condition of the company etc.

After application of the Problem-oriented research method, there comes a Problem-solving research method. In this type of research method, the Researcher tries to understand the exact problem, and he starts working on different measures to solve that problem. Applied research methods are the best suited to solve the existing issues as these are real-life problems.

Qualitative Research focuses on the phenomenon related to quality which has no connection with numeric values, descriptive, applies to reason etc. It aims to understand the feeling, meaning, and to explain the situation. The process to initiate inquiry and create an in-depth understanding of issues in their natural environment falls under Qualitative research method, which is a non-statistical method. For instance, If a researcher wants to know why specific data are random, then he will use the Qualitative research method.

The experience of a researcher works in favour when he is applying the Qualitative research method. Below mentioned are the methods used for Qualitative Research:

This type of research method is particular and uses a structured way to collect data and analyze it to get the results. Quantitative method research is not similar to Qualitative method of Research as in Quantitative approach, computational and statistical process is involved to gather and analyze data. It is all about numbers. This method of Research is dependent on the measurement of quantity or amount, not the quality of a product. The process involved in the Quantitative research method process is expressed in terms of one or more portions or numbers. For instance, If a researcher wants to study how random the Data is, what is the mean, variance, then it is quantitative.

In the Quantitative research method, to collect more data, the inclusion of the larger population is done, which helps in drawing accurate results. In this method, the sources of data collection for Research are online surveys, questionnaires, and public polls. With the online surveys, the surveyor reaches a large number of people and hence can collect more data. Surveys on mobile phones, through emails or texts, are the standard means these days.

Other Types of research methods in Research Methodology are action research, explanatory Research, exploratory Research, and comparative Research.

The action research helps in finding facts that can improve the quality of things. The explanatory Research helps in finding explanations for events. In exploratory Research, a researcher tries to find more information on a topic. While, in comparative Research, the Researcher works on drawing similarities and dissimilarities between methods, techniques etc.

Types of Report in Research Methodology

Reports from the analysis differ vastly in duration and form. That the concerns at hand essentially determine both time and the shape in each particular case. Business organizations, for example, prefer reports in letter format, in range of only one or two sheets.

For their financial statements to their clients and investors, banks, insurance organizations, and banking firms are usually fascinated by the short income statement style tabulation. Mathematicians prefer to write the findings of their observations by algebraic expressions. Through symbols and equations, pharmacists publish their outcomes.

The above narrative sheds highlighting the fact that the findings of a research study can be interpreted in a variety of ways, i.e., a technical report, a famous report, an essay, a manuscript or sometimes even in the form of verbal presentation. The presenting method(s) to be utilized in a specific study relies on the situation under which Research occurred and the quality of the findings.

A technical report shall be used if a complete written study report, whether for bookkeeping purposes or for publishing information, is needed. A popular account can be used when the findings of the analysis have consequences for the plan.

Types of Report

Let’s look at six different types of reports.

1. Formal or Informal Submissions:

They emphasize impartiality and coordination, include a lot more detail, and are published in a format that seeks to avoid aspects such as pronouns. Formal reports are highly organized. InformalInformal words are typically brief messages that have regular, everyday language usage. In particular, internal documentation can be defined as a casual paper.

2. Quick Reports or Long Reports:

It is a classification that is complicated. A one-page summary is short, and a twenty-page report indeed is lengthy. And where’s the boundary which separates? Keep in mind that it requires more features of formal reports as a paper gets long (or what you decide as long as).

3. Analytical or Informative Reports:

Information reports (audit report, monthly financial statements, and staff absences reports) bring reliable information from one part of an organization to the next. Technical info (scientific studies, project reports, and real-estate assessments) represent efforts at solving the problem.

4. Report on a Proposal:

The suggestion is a difference in papers relating to solving problems. A request is a memorandum which is planned to explain how one company should satisfy the other’s needs.

Many government departments highlight their demands by submitting “Proposal requests” or expense reports. The Document defines a requirement, and a proposal report is prepared by different suppliers explaining how they can fulfill the necessity.

5. Vertical Reports or Lateral Reports:

This identification points to the path a report is going in. Documents that the structure is alluded to as hierarchical reports more upwards than downwards; those reports tend to the regulation of the management. On the other hand, lateral reports help organize in the organization.

6. Internal Reports or Outside Reports:

Internal reports circulate throughout the business. Outside reports, like annual business reports, are designed for dissemination outside the organization.

Reports play a significant role in business development in the modern business world. Documents are the pillar of the establishment’s thought process and are primarily liable for the evolution of a productive or ineffective work setting.

Types of Hypothesis in Research Methodology

A hypothesis is a statement produced on the assumption of some proof. This is the starting step of any research that converts a forecast into qualitative Research.

That involves elements such as variables, population and the relationship between the variables. A study hypothesis is a hypothesis used to assess the correlation between two or more factors.

The focus of the Research is relevant to this theoretical relationship. This rational relation is called a hypothesis between different anomalies. And this sensible relationship or provable inference gives the research direction, determines the research emphasis and allows to frame methodological approaches.

Hypothesis Features:

Hypothesis features are as follows:

Hypothetical Origins

Hypothesis origins are as follows:

Forms of Hypothesis

Six conditions of Hypothesis exist, and these are:

Hypothesis Examples

Here are the examples of their forms of Hypothesis:

A research hypothesis is a real, simple, and testable idea or predictive assumption on the potential outcome of a population-based scientific research study, such as supposed variations between groups on a specific variable or interactions between variables.

Types of Scaling in Research Methodology

The complete info about the different scales that are utilized in data analysis is given under this section. There are four types of scaling methods. All factors fall in one of these scales. Understanding the numerical properties and doling out the legitimate scale to the elements is significant because they figure out which numerical activities are permitted. That decides measurable tasks we can utilize.

The above mentioned four scales are Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio scale respectively with Nominal having least mathematical properties, trailed by Ordinal and Interval, though Ratio having most mathematical properties.

Keeping in mind the Statistical perspective, it is the most minimal estimation level. The minor scale is appointed to things that are isolated into classes without having any request or structure, for example, Colors don’t have an allocated order, We can have five hues like Blue, red, green, yellow, and orange.

Here the numbers are assigned to shading only with the end goal of ID and requesting them Ascending or Descending which doesn’t imply that Colors have an Order. The number gives us the character of the classification doled out. The main numerical activity we can perform with nominal information is to check. Another model from research exercises is based on a Yes or No scale, which is insignificant. It has no structure, and there is no separation among NO and Yes.

Ordinal Scale factors have the property of Identity and Magnitude. The numbers speak to a quality being estimated. They can reveal to us whether a case has a more significant amount of the quality calculated or less of the quality assessed than another point. The separation between Scale focuses isn’t equivalent. Positioned inclinations are introduced to act as an illustration of ordinal scales experienced in regular daily existence. Subsequently, an ordinal scale lets the specialist decipher net request and not the general positional separations.

This scale is a stretch scale, for example when requested to rate fulfilment with a preparation on a 5-point scale, in which there are options like Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree and Strongly Agree. A span scale is being utilized. It is a span scale since it is expected to have an equivalent separation between every one of the scale components, for example, the Magnitude between Strongly Agree and Agree is thought to be identical to Agree and Strongly Agree.

This implies we can decipher contrasts somewhere out there along the scale. We contrast this to an ordinal scale where we can discuss differences all together, not contrasts in the level of request I-e the separation between reactions.

Properties

This one is at a high degree of the scale. The factor which characterizes a proportion scale is that it has a real zero point. The most straightforward case of a proportion scale is the estimation of length, which ignores any philosophical focuses about characterizing how we can distinguish zero-length or cash. Having zero length or zero money implies that there is no length and no cash except for zero temperature isn’t an outright zero, as it indeed has its impact. Proportion sizes of estimation have the entirety of the properties of the theoretical number framework.

Properties of Ratio Scale

Types of Variables in Research Methodology

Variable

A variable in polynomial math truly represents one thing that is an absolute value whose value is unknown. Nonetheless, in measurements, you’ll go over many sorts of factors. Most of the time, the word implies that you’re managing something obscure.

Still, it is dissimilar to variable based mathematics that obscure isn’t generally a number. Some types of variables are utilized more than usual. For instance, you’ll be significantly more prone to go over ceaseless factors than you would dummy factors.

Variables in Research Methodology

In research methodology, A variable is any property, a trademark, a number, or an amount that increments or diminishes after some time or can take on various qualities (rather than constants, for example, n, that don’t change) in multiple circumstances.

For this situation, the variable is the kind of manures. A social researcher may look at the potential impact of early marriage on separate. Here first marriage is the variable. A business specialist may think that it’s helpful to remember the profit for deciding the offer costs. Here profit is the variable.

Types of Variables

Qualitative factors are those that express a personal property, for example, religion, sexual orientation, race, nationality, caste, societal position, strategy for installment, etc. The estimations of a subjective variable don’t infer a significant mathematical requesting

Quantitative factors, likewise called numeric factors, are those factors that are estimated regarding numbers. A primary cause of a quantitative variable is an individual’s age.

Quantitative factors are of two kinds that are continuous and discrete. Factors, for example, a few youngsters in a family unit or several bad things in a container are discrete factors since the potential scores are discrete on the scale. And other than this, if you have something which value may come in decimal is known as continuous variables.

The variable that is utilized to depict or gauge the factor that is accepted to cause or possibly to impact the issue or result is called an independent variable. The variable that is utilized to portray or quantify the problem or result under examination is known as a dependent variable.

In a causal relationship, the reason is the independent, and the impact is the reliant variable. On the off chance that we theorize that smoking causes a cellular breakdown in the lungs, smoking is the free factor and malignancy the needy variable.

In pretty much every investigation, we gather data, for example, gender, age, instructive fulfilment, financial status, conjugal status, religion, the spot of the birth, and so forth. These factors are alluded to as background variable.

In so many experiments, it remains a point to concern the recognizable proof of a solitary autonomous variable and the estimation of its impact on the needy variable. Yet at the same time, a few factors may influence our speculated relationship, accordingly contorting the study. These factors are alluded to as Extraneous factors.

As a rule, we have valid justifications for accepting that the factors of interest encapsulate a relationship, however our information neglect to build up any such relationship. Some shrouded components might be smothering the genuine connection between the two unique factors. Such an element is alluded to as a suppressor variable since it stifles the real relationship between the other two parts.

Types of Data in Research Methodology

Raw and unorganized facts or a set of values of subjects that need to be processed is called Data. Without a proper organization, the Data is of no use and just some random things. After the collection of data, there will be a need to process it, organize it, make the structure of it and then finally present it in a useful way which is termed as information. In short, after the process, data becomes information. Not data but processed data, i.e., the story is essential to conduct Research. That Data can be acquired in various forms and from multiple means. Research papers, journal articles, web sites, books and blogs are used to collect data. A qualitative research methodology is the best Methodology to analyze the data contained in textual form.

The Researcher assigns a specific value to every Data, and each Data describes things of unique quality. Organization, process, and presentation of these values are essential for analysis to get the best result of Research.

The different types of data in research methodology are described below:

Qualitative data:

Qualitative data are those data which contains words and description and are in textual form. This type of Data is not easy to analyze in Research as it is of the subjective kind, especially when it comes to comparing it with other information.

For example, Researcher collects quality data from personal interviews, open-ended questions, and focus groups. This type of data describes taste, experience, texture, or opinion.

Quantitative data:

Quantitative data are those data which are expressed in numbers or numerical figures. This type of data can be measured, ranked, calculated or grouped.

Example: This type of data contains questions like age, scores, rank, cost, length, weight, etc. In short, every Data which is in the form of numbers. Also, such numerical data can be presented in graphical format, charts, or can be applied in statistical analysis methods.

Categorical data:

When Data is available in groups but does not belong to more than the belonged group is called Categorical data. The data grouped into a category is Categorical data.

Example: If there were a survey which asks people to tell their marital status, age, smoking habit, and drinking habit, this information collected from people are categorical data. In simple words, the data of categorical type represents discrete numbers which belong to a specific category or class.

Based on the methods of data collection, data can be divided into four types: observational, experimental, Simulation, and derived.

Observational Data

A researcher observes things or people and their behaviour or activity to collect data which comes under observational data. Methods used to collect observational data are human observation, open-ended surveys, or interviews. The collection of this type of data depends on real-time. The re-creation of observational Data is not accessible if lost.

Experimental Data

The data collected by tests, experiments, measurements, and quasi-experimental designs is called Experimental data. When a researcher intervenes to produce, alter or measure any change in the investigation to collect data, he collects Experimental data. This method of collecting data can be applied based on the need of researchers where it is qualitative or quantitative. Experimental Data is comparatively easier to analyze and interpret.

Simulation Data

To imitate the operation of a system or a process which describes the procedure over time is Simulation. And by using computer test models to imitate the operation of a real-world system or method generates simulation data. Simulation data helps to find what could or what would take place under a specific condition. Experimenting through the computer are often used to collect simulation data.

Example: weather conditions are predicted by simulating data.

Derived / Compiled Data

This type of data use other base data, and it involves the process of creating new data from existing data through some transformation. It is entirely new data constructed from one or more existing data. Derived data are new data or information, and it provides new ways of presenting old or raw attributes.

Example: Population density data can be obtained by a combination of data of area and population. If lost, researchers can replace this type of data. However, it will be expensive and time-consuming.

Types of Sampling in Research Methodology

Sampling

It is a strategy of choosing singular individuals or a subset of the population to build factual inferences from them and gauge attributes of the entire territory. Analysts in statistical surveying broadly utilize diverse inspecting techniques, so they don’t have to investigate the whole population to gather significant experiences. It is additionally a period advantageous and a practical approach and subsequently shapes the premise of any exploration plan. Inspecting strategies can be utilized in an exploration overview programming for the ideal deduction.

Types of sampling

Before we examine the various types of inspecting, let us talk about what the term sampling means. In the research field, this term is considered to be an example for the gathering of individuals, articles, or things that are taken from a vast populace for estimation. Along these lines, to get the precise outcomes, testing is finished.

For instance, if we need to check all the chips in a manufacturing plant made are acceptable or not, it is tough to check each chip, so to check, we will be taking an arbitrary fragment and check for its exact taste, size, and shape.

Conclusion

After a detailed study of what Research is, what research methodology is, and what are types of research methodology, it is clear that for any research there are specific methods to be followed for good or say accurate results. To know the answer of all ‘how’ of any given Research or subject of Research, application Research Methodology and types of Research Methodology is essential.

Through using any of the types of Research Methodology, a researcher can systematically design the study to get reliable results. Also, Research Methodology should justify that the selected type of research methodology is the fittest for the best outcome. A sound research methodology results in scientifically sound effects, but flawed research methodology fails to do so. So, the Researcher should invest in the sound and reliable type of research methodology to apply in Research to get an accurate result.

FAQs

Qualitative Research Methodology and Quantitative Research Methodology are mainly two types of Research Methodology which cover all the aspects of methodologies of any Research.

The way by which researchers can proceed with their Research is Research Methodology while the method by which a research is conducted on a topic or subject is termed as Research Method.

The reason behind designing the methodology for a Research is to solve the difficulties coming in the way to conduct Research.

Problem oriented research is one of the types of Research which targets to determine the the exact problem and then to find the best solution to that problem. The aim to apply this research type is to focus on the problem to find out relevant outcomes. Infact, the word ‘problem’ means not only one problem but the number of problems may vary.