What is the largest part of the uk

Игра-викторина «The United Kingdom quiz»

Цель: формирование коммуникативной компетенции учащихся на основе изученных лексических единиц, речевых и грамматических структур по страноведческой тематике.

1. Образовательные задачи:

2. Развивающие задачи:

3. Воспитательные задачи:

Игра викторина проводилась среди учащихся 9-х классов. Судьями были учащиеся 11-го класса.

— Hello, boys and girls! We are glad to greet you at our game! All children like to play. That’s why we shall play the game today. There are three teams in our classroom and we have three members of our jury today. The first one is 8 «A», and its captain is. The second team is 8 «B», and its captain is. And the third team is 8 «g»? its captain is.

— Now listen to the rules of our game. The game consists of stages, each of them includes different tasks. You’ll get points for right answers.

I. The first task is. You should answer the questions as quickly as you can. For each right answer you’ll get one point.

1. «Main parts of Great Britain»

1) What is the largest part of the UK? (1 point.)
(The largest part of the UK is England.)

2) What part of Great Britain borders on the Independent Irish Republic on land? (2 points.)
(Northern Ireland borders on the Independent Irish Republic on land.)

3) What is the capital of Wales? (1 point.)
(The capital of Wales is Cardiff.)

4) What are the regions of England? (3 points.)
(The regions of England are: the Southeast, the Southwest, East Anglia, the midlands and the north of England.)

5) What parts is Scotland divided into? (2 points.)
(Scotland is divided into Highlands and Lowlands.)

2. «Geographical Outlook»

1) What parts does the United Kingdom consist of? (1 point.)
(The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Wales.)

2) What is between Great Britain and Ireland? (3 points.)
(The Irish Sea is between Great Britain and Ireland.)

3) Where is the UK situated? (2 points.)
(The UK is situated on the British Isles.)

4) What is the UK washed by in the north? (1 point.)
(The UK is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the north.)

5) What dover do we usually call the narrowest part of the English Channel? (1 point.)
(The Strait of Dover is the narrowest part of the English Channel.)

3. «Political Outlook»

1) How many members are there in the House of Commons? (2 points.)
(There are 650 members in the House of Commons.)

2) Whom does the power in the country belong to? (2 points.)
(The power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government.)

3) Why is the House of Lords considered to be a very important body? (4 points.)
(It is considered to be a very important body because it can offer, delay and change.)

4) How often do the British people elect the members of the House of Commons? (2 points.)
(The British people elect the members of the House of Commons every five year.)

5) Who is the Head of State in Great Britain? (1 point.)
(The Head of State is the Queen.)

4. «The British Ways of life»

1) What is the favorite topic to discuss in Great Britain? (1 point.)
(The favourite topic to discuss in Britain is weather.)

2) What pets are the special animals in Great Britain? (2 points.)
(The special animals in Great Britain are cats.)

3) When do people celebrate Guy Fawkes Day? (3 points.)
(People celebrate Guy Fawkes Day on the 5th of November.)

4) Where can you see ravens in London? (2 points.)
(The ravens we can see in the Tower of London.)

5) Why do the ravens live in the Tower of London? (4 points.)
(One of the old English legends says that London can be the capital of the country, rich and great, until twelve black ravens live in the Tower of London.)

1) What region is known as the «garden of England»? (2 points.)
(The County of Kent is known as the «garden of England».)

2) What is the largest industrial part of England? (4 points.)
(The largest industrial part of England is Midlands.)

3) Where is the most westerly point of Great Britain called «Land’s End»? (4 points.)
(The most westerly point of Great Britain which is called «Land’s End» is in the Southwest.)

4) What English cities are famous for their universities? (2 points.)
(Oxford and Cambridge are famous for their universities.)

1) What cities are the two great centres of Scotland? (2 points.)
(Glasgow and Edinburgh are the two great centres of Scotland.)

2) What are the two most interesting parts of Edinburgh? (4 points.)
(The two most interesting parts of Edinburgh are: the Old Town and the New Town.)

3) What plant is the symbol of Scotland? (1 point.)
(The symbol of Scotland is a thistle.)

4) What is the highest mountain in Scotland?
(The highest mountain in Scotland is Ben Nevis.)

1) What is the capital of Wales? (1 point.)
(The capital of Wales is Cardiff.)

2) What languages are spoken in Wales? (2 points.)
(Welsh and English are spoken in Wales.)

3) The second highest mountain in Britain is situated in Wales. What is its names? (4 points.)
(Its name is the Mount Snowdon.)

4) How many people live in Wales? (3 points.)
(About two and a quarter millions people live in Wales.)

8. «Northern Ireland»

1) What is the capital of Northern Ireland? (1 point.)
(The capital of Northern Ireland is Belfast.)

2) What is Northern Ireland washed by? (2 points.)
(Northern Ireland is washed by the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean.)

3) What is the nationality of people who were born in Northern Ireland? (2 points.)
(They are Irish.)

4) What island is Northern Ireland situated on? (2 points.)
(Northern Ireland is situated on the island called Ireland.)

III. All of us know that the capital of the United Kingdom is London. And now I want you to listen to my stories. I shall describe different places of interest of London. And your task is to guess these sights. Each right answer is 1 point.

IV. The next task is. I’ll give you up crosswords and you should find fifteen words on the theme «Great Britain».

V. And the last task for today. I’ll give out you some cards and your task will be to make up the names of British cities (or towns).

Материал для викторины по английскому языку «Grea Britain»

Вопросы Викторины «Great Britain»

1. «Main Parts of Great Britain»

1) How many parts are there in Great Britain? (2 points)

(There are 4 parts)

2) What is the largest part of the UK? (2 points) (The largest part of the UK is England.)

3) What part of Great Britain borders on the Independent Irish Republic on land? (4 points)

(Northern Ireland borders on the Independent Irish Republic on land.)

4) What is the capital of Wales? (3 points) (The capital of Wales is Cardiff.)

5) What is the symbol of Scotland? (2 points)

6) What is the symbol of Wales? (2 points)

(The Leek and the Daffodil)

7) What parts is Scotland divided into? (2 points)
(Scotland is divided into Highlands and Lowlands.)

2. «Geographical Outlook»

1) What river is the capital situated on? (2 points)

(The river Thames)

2) What parts does the United Kingdom consist of? (2 points)

(The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Scot­land, Northern Ireland, Wales.)

3) What is the most famous lake in Scotland? (3 points)

4) What is between Great Britain and Ireland? (5 points) (The Irish Sea is between Great Britain and Ireland.)

5) Where is the UK situated? (4 points) (The UK is situated on the British Isles.)

7) What dover do we usually call the narrowest part of the English Channel? (3 points)

(The Strait of Dover is the narrowest part of the English Channel.)

3. «Political Outlook»

1) How many members are there in the House of Commons? (2 points)

(There are 650 members in the House of Commons.)

2) Whom does the power in the country belong to? (3 points)

(The power in the country belongs to the British Parliament and to the British Government.)

3) Why is the House of Lords considered to be a very
important body? (4 points)

(It is considered to be a very important body because it can offer, delay and change laws.)

4) How often do the British people elect the members of the
House of Commons? (5 points)

(The British people elect the members of the House of Commons every five year.)

5) Who is the Head of State in Great Britain? (2 points)
(The Head of State is the Queen.)

4. «The British Ways of Life»

1) What is the favourite topic to discuss in Great Britain? (2 points)

(The favourite topic to discuss in Britain is weather.)

2) What pets are the special animals in Great Britain? (3 points)

(The special animals in Great Britain are cats.)

3) When do British people celebrate Christmas? (3 points)

4) What is the Scottish national costume? (2 points)

5) What is the national instrument of Scots? (2 points)

( Bagpipes )

6) When do people celebrate Guy Fawkes Day? (4 points) (People celebrate Guy Fawkes Day on the 5″‘ of Novem­ber.)

7) Where can you see ravens in London? (3 points) (The ravens we can see in the Tower of London.)

8) Why do the ravens live in the Tower of London? (3 points)

(One of the old English legends says that London can be the capital of the country, rich and great, until twelve black ravens live in the Tower of London.)

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What is the largest part of the uk

Countries of the UK and Their Capitals. Great Britain. Britain. Eng­land. The British Isles; 5,500 Islands. Two Main Islands. Location

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) occupies the territory of the British Isles. It consists of four main countries which are: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast.

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the state which is sometimes referred to as Great Brit­ain or Britain (after its major isle), England (after its major historic part) or the British Isles.

The UK is an island state: it is composed of some 5,500 islands, large and small. The two main islands are: Great Britain (in which are England, Wales and Scotland) to the east and Ireland (in which are Northern Ireland and the independent Irish Republic) to the west. They are separated by the Irish Sea.

The UK is one of the world’s smaller countries (it is twice smaller than France or Spain), with an area of some 244,100 square kilometres. The UK is situated off the northwest coast of Europe between the At­lantic Ocean on the north and northwest and the North Sea on the east and is separated from the European continent by the English Channel (or La Manche) and the Strait of Dover (or Pas de Calais).

The population of the United Kingdom is over 57 million people. There are fourteen other countries in the world with more people.

English is not the only language which people use in the UK. Eng­lish is the official language. But some people speak Scottish in wes­tern Scotland, Welsh—in parts of northern and central Wales, and Irish in Northern Ireland.

The flag of the United King­dom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The up-right red cross is the cross of St. George, the patron saint of England. The white diagonal cross is the cross of St. Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of St. Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.

The Island of Great Britain

Lowland and Highland Britain. Mountains and Hills. The Chief Rivers. The Lake District. The Largest Cities

Great Britain is the name of the largest island of the British Isles and it is made up of England, Scotland and Wales, it does not include Northern Ireland. In everyday speech ‘Great Britain’ is used to mean the United Kingdom. Geographically, the island of Great Britain is subdivided into two main regions — Lowland Britain and Highland Britain. Lowland Britain comprises southern and eastern England. Highland Britain consists of Scotland, most of Wales, the Pennines, and the Lake District. The Pennine Chain extends southward from the Cheviot Hills into the Midlands, a plains region with low hills and valleys.

England is separated from Scotland by the Cheviot Hills, running from east to west.

The chief rivers of Great Britain are: the Severn, flowing along the border between England and Wales, tributaries of which include the Avon, famed by Shakespeare; the Thames, which flows eastward to the port of London and some others. The swiftest flowing river in the Brit­ish Isles is the Spey. Part of the border between Scotland and England is along the lower reaches of the Tweed, near which is made the wool­len fabric that bears its name.

There are many lakes in Great Britain. On the northwest side of the Pennine system lies the Lake District, containing the beautiful lakes which give it its name. This district is widely known for its association with the history of English literature and especially with the name of William Wordsworth (1770-1850), the founder of the Lake School of poets.

The largest cities of Great Britain are: London, Birmingham, Glas­gow, Liverpool, Manchester, Sheffield, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh. The most important ports are: London, Liverpool, Southampton, Belfast, Glasgow and Cardiff.

Englan d

The Largest Part of the UK. Population. Location. The Sea in the His­tory of England. Rivers. “Dales”. Industries

Of the four parts which make up Great Britain England is the largest, the most industrial and most densely populated part of the Unit­ed Kingdom. Over 46 million people out of the population of the UK live in England.

The greatest concentrations of population are in London, Birming­ham and northwest industrial cities. The coasts of England are washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea, the English Channel and the Strait of Dover. No part of England is more than 120 kilometres from the sea.

It is interesting to note that the sea has been important in the his­tory of England. It was a good protection against the attacks of outside peoples. Fishing has always been an important industry, especially in the east. The sea also has a great effect on England’s climate.

There are many rivers in England. The longest is the Severn (388 km), the most important is the Thames (354 km). The rivers are of great importance for communication and especially for carrying goods.

England is mostly a lowland country. There are upland regions in the north and the southwest, but the rest of England is almost flat.

Northern England, Midlands and South England—each part of England is different. Lake District in Northern England with its lakes, mountains and valleys is a favourite holiday resort. On either side of the Pennines the plains of Yorkshire and Lancashire stretch to the sea. Swift rivers that flow down from the hills into valleys are called “dales”.

The wool industry is centred in Leeds and Bradford, the cotton in­dustry in Manchester, the iron ore goes to the steel, heavy machinery and shipbuilding industries of Newcastle and other cities. The indus­tries of Midlands with Birmingham as its chief city produce metal goods, from motor cars and railway engines to pins and buttons. The Midland plain makes farming land.

In South England between Highlands lie Lowlands. In this part of England are found some of the oldest British settlements and traces of ancient monuments such as Stonehenge. London is the chief city of South England.

London

Location. Population. Its Importance in the Life of Britain. The City, the West End and the East End. The Best-Known Streets and Sights

When we think of Paris, Rome, Madrid, Lisbon and other Euro­pean capitals, we think of them as ‘cities’. When we think of the whole of modern London, the capital city of England and the United Kingdom, that great area covering several hundred square kilometres, we do not think of it as ‘a city’, not even as a city and its suburbs. Modern London is not one city that has steadily become larger through the cen­turies; it is a number of cities, towns, and villages that have, during the past centuries, grown together to make one vast urban area.

London is situated upon both banks of the River Thames, it is the largest city in Britain and one of the largest in the world. Its population is about 7 million people.

London dominates the life of Britain. It is the chief port of the country and the most important commercial, manufacturing and cul­tural centre. There is little heavy industry in London, but there is a wide range of light industry in Greater London.

London consists of three parts: the City of London, the West End and the East End.

The City extends over an area of about 2.6 square kilometres in the heart of London. About half a million people work in the City but only less than 6000 live here. It is the financial centre of the UK with many banks, offices and Stock Exchange. But the City is also a market for goods of almost every kind, from all parts of the world.

The West End can be called the centre of London. Here are the his­torical palaces as well as the famous parks. Hyde Park with its Speak­er’s Corner is also here. Among other paries are Kensington Gar­dens, St. James’s Park. In the West End is Buckingham Palace which is the Queen’s residence, and the Palace of Westminster which is the seat of Parliament.

The best-known streets here are Whitehall with important Gov­ernment offices, Downing Street, the London residence of Prime Min­ister and the place where the Cabinet meets, Fleet Street where most newspapers have their offices, Harley Street where the highest paid doctors live, and some others.

The name ‘West End’ came to be associated with wealth, luxury, and goods of high quality. It is the area of the largest department stores, cinemas and hotels. There are about 40 theatres, several concert halls, many museums including the British Museum, and the best art galleries.

It is in the West End where the University of London is centred with Bloomsbury as London’s student quarter.

Visitors with plenty of money to spend and who come chiefly for enjoyment are likely to pass most of their time in the West End.

The Port of London is to the east of the City. Here, today are kilo­metres and kilometres of docks, and the great industrial areas that de­pend upon shipping. This is the East End of London, unattractive in appearance, but very important to the country’s commerce.

In recent times London has grown so large, that the Government has decided that it must spread no farther. It is now surrounded by a ‘green belt’, a belt of agricultural and wooded land on which new

buildings may be put up only with the permission of the planning authorities.

Scotland

Location. Three Main Regions. Population and Its Distribution. Lochs. Aberdeen and Glasgow. Edinburgh and Edinburgh Festival

Although Scotland takes up one third of the territory of the Brit­ish Isles, its population is not very big. It is the most northern part of the island of Great Britain and is not far away from the Arctic Circle.

That’s why it is not densely populated: its population is a little over 5 million people. The Cheviot Hills mark the boundary between Eng­land and Scotland. Apart from this land link with England, Scotland is surrounded by sea.

Scotland includes the Hebrides off the west coast, and the Orkney and Shetland Islands off the north coast. It is bounded by the North Sea on the east.

Scotland is divided into three regions: the Highlands, which is the most northern and the most underpopulated area with a harsh climate, the Lowlands, which is the most industrial region, with about three quarters of the population, and the Southern Uplands, with hills, which border on England.

The Highlands of Scotland are among the oldest mountains in the world. They reach their highest point in Ben Nevis (1343 m). Many val­leys between the hills are filled with lakes, called lochs. The best-known is Loch Ness where as some people think a large monster lives. The most important city here is Aberdeen which is the oil centre of Scot­land. Ships and helicopters travel from Aberdeen to the North Sea oil rigs. Work on an oil rig is difficult and dangerous.

Most of the population of Scotland is concentrated in the Low­lands. Here, on the Clyde, is Glasgow, Scotland’s biggest city. Ship­building is one of its most important industries, other industries are iron and steel, heavy and light engineering and coal-mining. It’s an in­dustrial city and an important port in the UK. It’s a grim city because of the greyness of its houses many of which are not suitable tor living and need repairs or rebuilding. Although Glasgow is Scotland’s biggest city it is not the capital. Glasgow is the centre of working class move­ment and has glorious revolutionary traditions.

Scotland had been an independent state and was forcefully joined into the UK after a long struggle for its independence in 1707.

One of the things that people associate with Scotland is the kilt.

The kilt is a relic of the time when the clan system existed in the Highlands. Everybody in the clan had the same family name, like Mac­Donald or MacGregor (Mac means “son of’). The clan had its own territory and was ruled by a chieftain. Each clan had its own tartan.

Edinburgh has been the capital since the 15th century, when its for­tified castle was the centre of Scotland’s resistance to its enemies. Edin­burgh is a cultural centre of Scotland. It is associated with the names of George Gordon Byron and Walter Scott, Robert Louis Steven­son, Robert Burns and Arthur Conan Doyle, creator of Sher­lock Holmes. It is also associated with the world-famous Edinburgh Festival of Music and Drama. The Festival was first held in 1947 and has been held annually ever since. Its emblem is a thistle. The Edin­burgh International Festival of 1987 was devoted to this country. Our musicians, dancers and singers were a great success.

Wales

Landscape. The Welsh. Minerals. Industries. Cardiff. Swansea. Cul­ture

Another constituent country of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is Wales. The Welsh call their country Cymru, and themselves they call Cymry, a word which has the same root as “comrader” (friend, or comrade). The population of Wales is over 3 million people. About 75 per cent of the people of Wales live in towns and urban districts.

The living standards of people in Wales are lower than in England, the unemployment rate is higher. South Wales has a rich tradition of struggle for more jobs and better working conditions in mines.

Wales is a highland country of old, hard rocks. North Wales is a country of mountains and deep valleys, South Wales is a land of high hills and wide valleys. The pride of Wales in scenery is Snowdonia, the region of high mountains. Snowdon is the highest mountain in Eng­land and Wales.

Except for coal, mineral resources are limited, and include gold, sil­ver, lead, and copper. South Wales is more developed: coal-mining, steel production, electronics, electrical engineering and chemicals can be found here.

The capital of Wales is Cardiff, the largest city of Wales. Cardiff is situated near the mouth of the Taff River. It is an important industrial city and a port. It is also an administrative and educational centre.

The second largest city in Wales is Swansea where mainly steel pro­duction can be found. Since World War II there has been intensive de­velopment in the metals industries especially in the south and south­east.

The Welsh people, especially in rural areas, are fond of folk music, singing, poetry and drama. Welsh literature is one of the oldest in Europe. There are many choirs in Wales, the standard of singing is high and the love of good music is widespread. Now there is a growing movement of revival of Welsh culture from which sprang the revival of Eisteddfod. Eisteddfod in the form of the gathering of bards had occa­sionally been in the 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. Now Eisteddfod is a festival of Welsh culture. It includes competitions in prose, poetry and singing.

N orthern Ireland

Location. History. Struggle for Reunification. Scenery. Industries. Bel­fast

Northern Ireland is the smallest component of the United King­dom. It occupies northeast of the island of Ireland, only one-sixth of its

territory. Northern Ireland contains six of the nine counties of the his­toric province of Ulster and that is why the name “Ulster” is some­times used as equivalent to Northern Ireland. Its capital city is Belfast.

For seven centuries Ireland was a colony of Britain. Due to the co­lonial policy of British imperialists the Irish nation was forcefully parti­tioned. As a result of hard struggle of the Irish people for independence the larger part of Ireland (26 counties) gained the status of a British do­minion in 1921. Much later, in 1949 it was officially proclaimed an in­dependent state, the Irish Free State or Eire. The industrial northeast (Northern Ireland with its 6 counties) was retained by Great Britain as its smallest component. But the progressive forces of both the Irish Re­public and Northern Ireland are for the reunification of the country, against social deprivation which is at its worst among catholics. They believe that British withdrawal from Ireland is the only way to achieve peace. Each day that British troops remain in Ireland is a day longer that the Irish people have to wait for freedom.

If one asks an Irishman away from home what he misses most about Ireland, he will probably tell you “the greenness”. Irish poets put it in a different way when they call Ireland “the Emerald Isle”. Is the grass really greener in Ireland? The fact is that the winds usually blow in from the Atlantic Ocean and make the air and soil warm and damp. Grass grows well in such a climate and it makes the island look so beautiful.

There are low hills and peaks of rocks in the northwest, while the northeast sector of the island is a plateau. The Mourne Mountains in the southeast slope down to Lough Neagh, the largest lake in the Brit­ish Isles. The rivers of Ireland are short, but deep. The largest river is the Shannon.

The population of Northern Ireland is about 1.5 million people. 53 per cent of the total population live in urban areas. The whole econ­omy of Northern Ireland is closely integrated with that of Great Brit­ain. It has its roots in three basic industries —agriculture, textiles and shipbuilding. The largest industry is agriculture conducted for the most part on small family farms. It occupies about 72 per cent of the land area.

Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland is the leading industrial cen­tre and a large port. Its chief industries are the production of linen and other textiles, clothing, shipbuilding, engineering.

Population

Early Inhabitants. The British Nation. Distribution of the Population. Na­tional Minorities. Languages

The population of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is over 57 million people. The population lives mostly in towns and cities and their suburbs. Four out of every five people live in towns.

The distribution of the population is rather uneven. Over 46 million people live in England, over 3 million in Wales, a little over 5 million in Scotland and about 1.5 million in Northern Ireland.

Greater London, the south and the southeast are the most densely populated areas. Only London’s population is over 7 million. Most of the mountainous parts of the UK including much of Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Pennine Chain in northern England are very sparsely populated.

The UK is inhabited by the English, the Scots, the Welsh, and the Irish who constitute the British nation. The British are the de­scendants of different peoples who settled in the British Isles at dif­ferent times.

Now there are also many people of all colours and races in the U K. These are mostly former inhabitants of the former British colonies. These people, called “the coloureds”, came to the UK in search of better living standards as their own countries had been impoverished by centuries of the British colonial oppression.

English is the official language of the UK. Besides standard literary English there are several regional and social dialects. A well-known example is the cockney of East Londoners. The Scottish and Irish forms of Gaelic survive in some parts of Scotland and Northern Ire­land.

Wales is officially bilingual, Welsh is spoken by about a fifth of its population. Welsh is the first language in most of the western counties of Wales and at least formally has the same status as English. Now­adays there is a growing movement in Wales and Scotland for a revival of national culture and languages.

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Geography of the United Kingdom

Learn information about the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom (UK) is an island nation located in Western Europe. Its land area is made up of the island of Great Britain, part of the island of Ireland and many smaller nearby islands. The UK has coastlines along the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, and the North Sea. The UK is one of the world’s most developed nations and as such it has a global influence.

Formation of the United Kingdom

Much of the United Kingdom’s history is known for the British Empire, its continuous worldwide trade and expansion that began as early as the end of the 14th century and the Industrial Revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries. This article, however, focuses on the formation of the United Kingdom.

The UK has a long history that consists of several different invasions, including a brief entry by the Romans in 55 B.C.E. In 1066 the UK area was part of the Norman Conquest, which aided in its cultural and political development.

In 1282 the UK took over the independent Kingdom of Wales under Edward I and in 1301, his son, Edward II, was made the Prince of Wales in an effort to appease the Welsh people according to the United States Department of State. The oldest son of the British monarch is still given this title today. In 1536 England and Wales became an official union. In 1603, England and Scotland also came under the same rule when James VI succeeded Elizabeth I, his cousin, to become James I of England. A little over 100 years later in 1707, England and Scotland became unified as Great Britain.

In the early 17th century Ireland became increasingly settled by people from Scotland and England and England sought control of the area (as it had for many centuries before). On January 1, 1801, a legislative union between Great Britain and Ireland took place and the region became known as the United Kingdom. However, throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, Ireland continuously fought for its independence. As a result in 1921, the Anglo-Irish Treaty established the Irish Free State (which later became an independent republic. Northern Ireland however, remained a part of the UK which is today made up of that region as well as England, Scotland, and Wales.

Government of the United Kingdom

Today the United Kingdom is considered a constitutional monarchy and a Commonwealth realm. Its official name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Great Britain includes England, Scotland, and Wales). The executive branch of the UK’s government consists of a Chief of State (Queen Elizabeth II) and a head of government (a position filled by the Prime Minister). The legislative branch is made up of a bicameral Parliament consisting of the House of Lords and the House of Commons, while the UK’s judicial branch includes the Supreme Court of the UK, the Senior Courts of England and Wales, Northern Ireland’s Court of Judicature and Scotland’s Court of Session and High Court of the Justiciary.

Economics and Land Use in the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom has the third largest economy in Europe (behind Germany and France) and it is one of the world’s largest financial centers. The majority of the UK’s economy is within the service and industrial sectors and agriculture jobs represent less than 2% of the workforce. The main industries of the UK are machine tools, electric power equipment, automation equipment, railroad equipment, shipbuilding, aircraft, motor vehicles, electronics and communications equipment, metals, chemicals, coal, petroleum, paper products, food processing, textiles, and clothing. The agricultural products of the UK are cereals, oilseed, potatoes, vegetables cattle, sheep, poultry and fish.

Geography and Climate of the United Kingdom

The United Kingdom is located in Western Europe to the northwest of France and between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. Its capital and largest city is London, but other large cities are Glasgow, Birmingham, Liverpool, and Edinburgh. The UK has a total area of 94,058 square miles (243,610 sq km). Much of the topography of the UK consists of rugged, undeveloped hills and low mountains but there are flat and gently rolling plains in the eastern and southeastern areas of the country. The highest point in the UK is Ben Nevis at 4,406 feet (1,343 m) and it is located in the northern UK in Scotland.

The climate of the UK is considered temperate despite its latitude. Its climate is moderated by its maritime location and the Gulf Stream. However, the UK is known for being very cloudy and rainy throughout much of the year. The western parts of the country are wettest and also windy, while the eastern portions are drier and less windy. London, located in England in the south of the UK, has an average January low temperature of 36˚F (2.4˚C) and a July average temperature of 73˚F (23˚C).