What is the london residence of queen elizabeth ii
What is the london residence of queen elizabeth ii
Buckingham Palace
Contents
Buckingham Palace is the London home and the administrative center of the British royal family. The enormous building and extensive gardens are an important site of ceremonial and political affairs in the United Kingdom, as well as a major tourist attraction. But for a monarchy that dates back almost a thousand years, Buckingham Palace is a relatively new home.
Before Buckingham
Buckingham Palace has achieved iconic status as the official London residence of the reigning British monarch, but it hasn’t always served in that role.
Indeed, for more than 300 years, from 1531 until 1837, the King of England’s official residence in the capital city was St. James’ Palace. Located about a quarter of a mile from Buckingham Palace, St. James’ still stands, and remains the home of several members of the royal family. (It, like Buckingham Palace, is also open to tourists.)
The land on which Buckingham Palace sits, in the borough of London known as Westminster, has been in the hands of the British monarchy for more than 400 years. Originally marshland along the River Tyburn, the site had a series of owners, including William the Conqueror and the monks of Westminster Abbey.
It is said that King James I liked the site, and acquired it for use as a sort of garden for the royals. It also had a small, 4-acre grove of mulberry trees, which King James hoped to use for silk production (silkworms feed only on mulberry trees).
There was a house on the property at the time, and it passed through a succession of owners until 1698, when it was sold to a man named John Sheffield. He later became the Duke of Buckingham, and it is for him that the house on the property was ultimately named.
Buckingham House
Sheffield, finding the original house on the property outdated, decided to build a new residence on the site in the early 1700s.
Designed and built by William Winde and John Fitch, the structure that became known as “Buckingham House” was completed around 1705.
At one point, Buckingham House was briefly considered as the site for the British Museum, but its owners wanted £30,000—an exorbitant sum at the time.
The Queen’s House
King George III purchased Buckingham House from Sir Charles Sheffield in 1761. He commissioned a £73,000 renovation of the structure.
The king’s plan was to use it as a home for his wife, Queen Charlotte, and their children. And, after his family moved in, the building became known as the “Queens House.”
With George III’s death in 1820, the king’s son, George IV, ascended to the throne. George IV, however, was relatively old for a new king. He was 60 when he took the throne, and in poor health.
Having grown up in Buckingham House, he favored the building and wanted to make it the official royal residence. He hired architect John Nash to expand and renovate the structure.
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John Nash Renovates
As George IV’s health continued to fail, Nash designed and built out Buckingham House into a large, U-shaped structure faced with stone from the quarries near Bath, England. His design expanded the main section of the building, adding west wings, as well as branches to the north and south. The east wings were also rebuilt.
The wings of the new palace enclosed a large court, and the architect built a triumphal arch—with images depicting Britain’s recent military victories—at the center of the palace’s forecourt to create an imposing entrance for visiting dignitaries.
Although Nash’s work on the new palace was well received, and the building is still viewed as an architectural masterpiece today, Nash was dismissed by British government officials soon after George IV’s death in 1830.
The reason? The cost of the project. Nash’s masterpiece cost British taxpayers more than £400,000 to build.
To make matters worse, George IV’s brother, William IV, ascended to the throne in 1830, and he had no interest in relocating to the newly built Buckingham Palace. He preferred his princely home, Clarence Palace, instead.
When the House of Parliament was destroyed by fire in the 1830s, William IV offered Buckingham Palace as the new home of the legislature. However, the offer was politely declined.
In 1833-34, the British Parliament voted to complete the furnishing and interior refurbishment of Buckingham Palace for use as the official royal home. Following William IV’s death, in 1837, his niece, Victoria, assumed the throne and became the first royal resident of Buckingham Palace.
Buckingham Palace Today
Soon after taking up residence in the new palace, however, Queen Victoria complained about the lack of space for entertaining foreign dignitaries.
So, in 1845, the architect Edward Blore was retained to enclose Nash’s forecourt on the eastern side, for the construction of staterooms and ballrooms. Buckingham Palace’s triumphal arch was moved to nearby Hyde Park.
Construction was completed in 1853, and Queen Victoria reigned until her death in 1901. Her son Edward VII ascended to the throne, and he is credited with an interior redesign of the palace, the remnants of which can still be seen today.
The home of the current monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, and her family since 1952, Buckingham Palace remains the administrative headquarters of the royal family and the site of many official events and receptions. Today, the 830,000 sq. ft. building has 775 rooms, including 19 state rooms, 52 royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms.
The British monarch’s role in governing the United Kingdom today is largely ceremonial—in Britain’s constitutional monarchy, the monarch or sovereign is head of state. However, the power to create laws rests with Parliament, and the executive function is fulfilled by the Prime Minister.
And, Buckingham Palace continues to play an important part in the monarch’s current duties. Today, the Queen welcomes many foreign leaders to the palace for celebratory events as well as important diplomatic meetings.
Sources
Who Built Buckingham Palace? Royal Collection Trust.
Royal Residences: Buckingham Palace: The Royal Household.
The Role of the Monarchy: The Royal Household.
St. James Palace: History: The British Monarchy.
Тест по страноведению для 8 класса
1. When was London founded?
a) in the 1 st century AD
b) in the 1 st century BC
c) in the 2 nd century AD
d) in the 5 th century AD
2. What is most popular way to show visitors to London around the city?
3. How many chambers does the Parliament consist of?
4. When was the Greater Fire?
5. What is the London residence of Queen Elizabeth II?
a) the Tower of London
b) Windsor Castle
c) Buckingham Palace
d) Westminster Palace
6. Where is Nelson’s Column situated?
a) in Parliament Square
b) in Trafalgar Square
c) in Piccadilly Circus
d) in Oxford Street
7. Where are British kings crowned?
a) in St. Paul’s Cathedral
b) in Westminster Abbey
c) in Canterbury Cathedral
d) Church of England
8. What chambers does the British Parliament consist of?
a) The Synod and the Representative Assembly
b) the Cabinet of Ministers and the Shadow Cabinet
c) the House of Lords and the House of Commons
d) the Senate and the House of Representatives
9. Who presides in the House of Commons?
a) the Lord Chancellor
c) the Chancellor of the Exchequer
10. How many regions is London traditionally divided into?
11. Who presides in the House of Lords?
a) the Lord Chancellor
d) the Prime-Minister
12. Where is London’s most famous shopping area situated?
13. Where does the British Premier live and work?
a) at 10 Downing Street
b) at 1 Oxford Street
c) in the House of Parliament
d) in Buckingham Palace
14. What is there in the East End?
a) shopping area
b) symbol of luxury of the city
c) district of factories and docks
d) historic centre of the government
15. For what was the Tower built?
a) to protect the city
b) to used as a monument
c) to used as the royal residence
d) to used as a prison
16. Who built the abbey and the palace in Westminster?
a) William the Conqueror
b) Richard the Lion Heart
c) Edward the Confessor
d) Henry Curtmantle
17. Where is the Whispering Gallery situated?
a) Westminster Abbey
b) Buckingham Palace
c) National Gallery
d) St. Paul’s Cathedral
18. What is the other name for the Palace of Westminster?
b) Houses of Parliament
c) Representative Assembly
d) Cabinet of Ministers
19. How many parts constitute Westminster complex?
20. What is the Piccadilly Circus famous for?
a) the statue the Angel of Christian Charity
b) the monument of Nelson
d) the National Portrait Gallery
21. What is the other name for the Royal Opera House?
b) Covent Garden
d) Regent Street
22. When was Hyde Park opened?
a) in the 14 th century
b) in the 16 th century
c) in the 17 th century
d) in the 21 st century
23. Who were called “Beefeaters”?
a) Yeoman Warders
24. What was Kensington until 17 th century?
25. How many boroughs do London consist of?
26. What street is sometimes known as “Mile”?
a) Shaftsbury Avenue
b) Regent Street
c) Oxford Street
27. Where is Speaker’s Corner situated?
a) House of Parliament
b) Kensington Garden
28. Where does the Parliament meet?
a) Buckingham Palace
b) Kensington Palace
c) Westminster Palace
29. What area is sometimes known as “Albertopolis”?
a) South Kensington
30. When is Regent’s Park founded?
31. Who was the architect of St. Paul’s Cathedral in London?
a) Sir Christopher Wren
b) Edward Bailey
32. By whom the Tower was built?
a) William the Conqueror
b) Richard the Lion Heart
c) Edward the Confessor
d) Henry Curtmantle
33. Where does the Ceremony of Keys take place?
a) in Westminster Abbey
b) in Buckingham Palace
d) in the Bank of London
34. What place is considered to be the main gate to the City of London?
c) Piccadilly Circus
d) Oxford Street
35. What is name of the theatre, where Shakespeare’s works were performed?
36. What building is known as “Old Lady of Threadneedle Street”?
a) Buckingham Palace
b) the Bank of London
c) Westminster Abbey
d) Westminster Palace
37. What street in famous with Sir Conan Doyle’s works?
b) Downing Street
c) Parliament Street
d) Regent Street
38. In honor of whom the Big Ben was named?
a) Sir Benjamin Britten
b) Sir Benjamin Johnson
c) Benjamin Franklin
d) Sir Benjamin Hall
39. What does London boast of?
a) modern buildings
b) numerous parks
c) exciting places of interest
d) great history
40. The statue of who is situated by the side of the National Portrait Gallery?
a) George Washington
b) Winston Churchill
c) Margaret Thatcher
b) Abraham Lincoln
41. What ceremonial event is Buckingham Palace home for?
a) Ceremony of Keys
b) Changing the Guard
c) Ceremony of coronations
d) Tea Ceremonies
42. By what is celebrated the monarch’s official birthday?
a) Tea Ceremonies
b) Gunnery on the Horse Parade
c) March of the Horse Guards
d) Trooping the Colour on Horse Parade
43. Where is the Poet’s Corner situated?
a) Westminster Abbey
b) Buckingham Palace
c) National Gallery
d) St. Paul’s Cathedral
44. Where in London are English artists most fully represented?
a) National Gallery
b) National Portrait Gallery
45. What kind of district is Soho?
a) numerous offices
b) variety of shops and restaurants
c) a lot of cinemas and theaters
d) exciting parks
46. How is London’s student quarter known?
47. In which style is Westminster Cathedral built?
a) in the Gothic style
b) in the Byzantine style
c) in the Modern style
d) in the Roman style
48. What is name for parkland in the Inner London?
c) Kensington Garden
49. Where is the wax figures of outstanding people exhibited?
b) National Gallery
c) Madame Tussauds Museum
d) the Victoria and Albert Museum
50. What place is named to commemorate Nelson’s great naval victory of 1805?
a) Piccadilly Circus
b) Trafalgar Square
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Buckingham Palace: The Queen’s London residence
Take our tour of London’s grandest royal residences and you might even catch a glimpse of Her Majesty at home
WORDS MARTHA ALEXANDER
L ondon is a city with such a glut of royal buildings, parks and monuments that knowing where to begin exploring can be a challenge for a newcomer. We recommend starting at St James’s Palace. This is, after all, the most senior royal palace in the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster it is currently the ceremonial meeting place of the Accession Council and the London residence of several minor members of the royal family.
King Henry VIII
Built by King Henry VIII between 1531 and 1536 on a rather unappealing site – a former leper hospital in the name of St James the Less – St James’s Palace was to be a place of retreat while court was at Whitehall Palace.
The structure has changed a great deal since the 16th century, but the redbrick Tudor gatehouse remains, as do two rooms in the State Apartments and the Chapel Royal, which still holds services to which the public are occasionally admitted. Built in honour of King Henry VIII’s fourth marriage to Anne of Cleves, the chapel was decorated by Hans Holbein. It was here Queen Elizabeth I took sanctuary during the Spanish Armada, praying for the successful defence of her country. King Charles I received his last holy communion in the Chapel Royal, spending his final night in the palace before his execution.
Clarence House
Just around the corner is Clarence House: four storeys of pale stucco designed by Regency architect John Nash between 1825 and 1827 for the Duke of Clarence, the future King William IV. It was home to HM the Queen following her marriage to the Duke of Edinburgh, when she was still Princess Elizabeth. It has since been home to the Queen Mother and is now the home of TRH the Prince of Wales and Duchess of Cornwall.
Clarence House is usually open to the public in August. Visitors can explore the garden as well as five rooms on the ground floor, which include paintings from the Queen Mother’s collection of major 20th-century British artists, such as Augustus John and Graham Sutherland.
From here you can step onto The Mall and walk westwards towards Buckingham Palace to take in the full scale of this world-famous building. Pause on the way to consider that there is a network of tunnels running directly beneath you, connecting Buckingham Palace to both Clarence House and the Houses of Parliament, though there is no secret royal tube line running underneath as some people like to suggest.
Flags flying
If you want to know whether Her Majesty is home during your visit, look out for the Union Flag flying over the palace – a sign that the Queen is not in residence. Ideally, time your visit to coincide with Changing the Guard – a ceremony during which one regiment of soldiers who guard the palace take over from another. This iconic spectacle takes place every day (or every other day in winter months) at 11.30am. It is a reminder that this is a fully operational building, where numerous receptions are held year-round. It is at Buckingham Palace that the Queen and the current prime minister, Theresa May,
have weekly meetings.
Every August and September the 19 State Rooms are open to the public. Unless you have visited yourself, it is hard to overstate the vastness of Buckingham Palace. It is home to 800 staff, including a clockmaker. At night the palace is lit by 40,000 light bulbs. The garden is the same size as four Wembley Stadiums. There’s even an on-site doctor’s surgery and an ATM for use by the royals only.
However, despite its scale, Buckingham Palace is a family home. It is from the balcony that newly married royals wave to crowds of noisy well wishers. The Queen gave birth to both Prince Charles and Prince Andrew here, and all royal births and deaths are announced in writing on notices fastened to the palace’s front railings.
Buckingham House
Buckingham Palace began its life as Buckingham House – bought in 1761 for Queen Charlotte by her husband King George III. His son and heir, George IV, began its transformation into a palace in 1820, spending a fortune to double the size of the building. Alas, he died before the work was completed. It wasn’t until Queen Victoria took up residence in 1837 a monarch actually lived in Buckingham Palace. However, more changes to the structure were soon afoot: despite its scale, it was deemed unsuitable for children or visitors, with no nurseries and too few guest rooms. And so, it was extended again, which is why the palace is an amalgamation of styles born of necessity and taste, rather than a classically coherent building. During your visit, don’t forget to pop into the Queen’s Gallery, which holds temporary exhibitions of paintings from the Royal Collection.
Hyde Park
From the palace, head north through Green Park and into Hyde Park – being sure to take in the splendid Albert Memorial – and on to Kensington Palace. This is where the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge set up home after their marriage and the Queen’s younger sister Princess Margaret and her husband, society photographer Lord Snowdon, hosted parties with fashionable guests such as The Beatles and Elizabeth Taylor. And it is also where Diana, Princess of Wales, lived before her death in 1997. The palace became a shrine to “the People’s Princess”, and a photographic portrait of her hangs inside the entrance.
Sitting, as it does, in the heart of Hyde Park, it’s hard to imagine that this stately palace was merely a large Jacobean house in what was once the small village of Kensington. Much like Buckingham Palace, Kensington Palace has been created in piecemeal fashion. In 1689 King William III and Queen Mary II – the only couple in history to reign jointly – hired Sir Christopher Wren to work his magic on the building and wings were added to reflect the couple’s royal status. Kensington Palace was a particularly significant place for Queen Victoria, who was born and raised here. It was here, in 1837, the 18-year-old princess was woken and told that she was now the Queen.
Queen Victoria
The palace is home to a permanent exhibition, Victoria Revealed, which showcases her clothes, toys, photographs and paintings. A highlight is Victoria’s wedding dress, as well as an intimate portrait of her by Franz Winterhalter. With her hair loose and shoulders bared, this was made exclusively for Prince Albert and was extraordinarily risqué by the standards of the day. Finish in true regal fashion by admiring Queen Anne’s gardens from the Orangery restaurant with a cup of tea and a slice of cake.
These Are All Of Queen Elizabeth’s Homes
Her portfolio includes much more than just Buckingham Palace.
In true royal fashion, Queen Elizabeth II has a home for just about every occasion (Balmoral for the summer, Sandringham for Christmas. ). Some of these properties come with the title, while others came from inheritance. Here, take a look at the Queen’s six royal and private dwellings.
Crown-owned, the palace—located in the City of Westminster—belongs to the ruling monarch at the time, a tradition that dates back to 1837. It has a total of 775 rooms, including 19 State rooms, 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices, and 78 bathrooms. Visitors can actually tour a number of the state rooms inside the palace during specific times of the year.
The Queen moved here first with her sister, Margaret, during WWII for safety reasons. Today, the Queen frequents this location on weekends, and it serves as a country home of sorts, not far from her London home base. As with Buckingham Palace, Windsor is Queen Elizabeth’s home for as long as she is ruling monarch. It spans 13 acres and boasts 1,000 rooms, making it the largest occupied castle in the world.
The Edinburgh palace is the Queen’s official residence in Scotland, and hosts her when she travels north, typically the first week of the summer—an event known as «Holyrood Week.» It was originally founded as a monastery in 1128.
Balmoral is a private estate owned by the Queen. It’s where she spends many weeks at the end of each summer, and is believed to be her favorite residence.
A beloved private home of the Queen, Sandringham is often used for entertaining during the holidays. It’s well-known for hosting the royals’ annual walk to Christmas Day services at St. Mary Magdalene church.
Similar to how the Queen stays at Palace of Holyroodhouse when officially visiting Scotland, the Queen dwells in Hillsborough during her visits to Northern Ireland. It is also the official residence of Northern Ireland’s Secretary of State. Built in the 1770s, the home is surrounded by 100 acres of lush green gardens.
Buckingham Palace has served as the official London residence of Britain’s sovereigns since 1837 and today is the administrative headquarters of the Monarch. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is a setting for state occasions and royal hospitality, and a major tourist attraction.
Buckingham Palace has 775 rooms. These include 19 State rooms, 52 Royal and guest bedrooms, 188 staff bedrooms, 92 offices and 78 bathrooms. In measurements, the building is 108 metres long across the front, 120 metres deep (including the central quadrangle) and 24 metres high.
History :
In the Middle Ages, Buckingham Palace’s site formed part of the Manor of Ebury (also called Eia). The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which still flows below the courtyard and south wing of the palace. Ownership of the site changed hands many times; owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey.
