What is the symbol of the speaker s authority

V. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Когда вы закончили школу?

2. Если она придет, я тебе позвоню.

3. Они должны вернуться в понедельник.

4. Он увлекается плаванием.

5. Когда мы пришли, фильм уже начался.

VI. Выберите правильный ответ.

1. What is the symbol of the Speaker’s authority?

a) the mace, b) the woolsack, c) the ribbon, d) the bell.

2. Who presides over the House of Lords?

a) Prime Minister, b) Lord Chancellor, c) Lord Protector, d)the Speaker.

3. What’s the name of the British flag?

a) Star-Spangled Banner, b) Stripes and Stars, c) Union Jack, d) John Bull.

4. What London street is famous for shops? a) Oxford Street, b) Fleet Street, c) Lombard Street, d) Charing Cross Road.

5. What was J. Constable?

a) a musician, b) a politician, c) a poet, d) a painter.

I. Прочитайте и ответьте на вопросы.

The famous composer Rakhmaninov was also a very good pianist. When he was a small boy he was asked to play at a home party at their friends’ place. Though he was only eight he was quite experienced in playing the piano and did it well. At that concert he was to play one of Beethoven’s sonatas. It must be mentioned that there are several very long intervals in that sonata. In each of these intervals the boy took his hands off the keyboard and waited. During one of these intervals the old mother of the hostess came up to him and said, «My boy, why don’t you play something that you know very well?»

Вопросы:

1. Why did the boy stop playing several times?

2. Did the old lady know Beethoven’s music well?

II. Поставьте вопрос к подчеркнутому члену предложения.

Rakhmaninov was a famous pianist and composer.

III. Раскройте скобки, употребив правильную глагольную форму.

One evening Mr Green (1 — drive) his car along a country road. He (2 — be) to London where he (3 — take) 250 pounds from the bank. He (4 — put) the money in his pocket. At some part of the road a man in shabby clothes (5 — stop) him and (6 — ask) for a lift. Mr Green (7 — tell) him (8 — get) into the car and (9 — continue) his way. He (10 — talk) to the man and (11 — learn) that the man (12 — escape) from prison and thought of his 250 pounds.

Suddenly he (13 — see) a police car and (14 — have) a bright idea. He (15 — begin) to drive the car fast. He (16 — look) back and (17 — see) the police car nearing his car. It soon (18 — overtake) him and he (19 — have to) stop. The policeman, (20 — take) out his notebook and (21 — want) Mr Green’s name and address. Mr Green (22 —want) to tell the policeman about the robber sitting behind but the man (23 — take) out a gun and (24 — put) it to Mr Green’s back. Mr Green was afraid of (25 — shoot) so he (26 — say) nothing. He only (27 — ask) (28 — take) to the police station but the policeman (29 — say): «You (30 — have to) appear at the police court later.» He (31 — give) Mr Green a talk about dangerous driving and (32 — go) away. Then Mr Green (33 — start) up his car again. He (34 — think) his 250 pounds (35 — lose). When they (36 — be) near a small town the robber said to Mr Green: «You (37 — be) good to me. This (38 — be) the least I (39 — can) do in return.» And he (40 — hand) Mr Green the policeman’s notebook.

IV. Выберите правильный вариант.

a) All, b) All pupils, c) All the pupils, d) Everyone.

a) in, b) for, c) from, d) to.

a) didn’t arrive, b) haven’t arrived, c) hadn’t arrived, d) don’t arrive.

5. Turn right. the end of the street.

a) at, b) in, c) to, d) on.

a) as good, b) not so good, c) better, d) best.

a) are, b) were, c) have been, d) shall be.

8. I have asked some friends — for tea.

a) to go, b) to stay, c) to bring, d) to drink.

a) talked, b) said, c) told, d) spoke.

a) to cut down, b) cut down, c) to have cut down, d) cutting down.

a) have listened, b) were listened, c) were listening, d) listen.

a) few, b) a few, c) every, d) many.

a) wear, b) am wearing, c) have been wearing, d) was wearing.

a) had cleaned up, b) were cleaning up, c) would clean up, d) have cleaned up.

a) somewhere, b) anywhere, c) something, d) anything.

a) do you, b) don’t you, c) have you, d) haven’t you.

a) some, b) enough, c) another, d) these.

a) anyone call, b) anyone to call, c) someone call, d) someone to call.

a) is, b) are, c) have been, d) were.

a) little, b) less, c) fewer, d) fewest.

V. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Ты знаешь, сколько ему лет?

2. Тебе следует больше заниматься английским.

3. Я думал, что ты знаешь это.

4. В каждом журнале есть что-то интересное.

Symbols of Authority

Symbols of Authority

One of the earliest signs of authority (the right to enforce obedience) was probably a wooden club, in which symbolism grew directly out of practical application: the humble club became both an instrument by which power was exercised and (consequently) a symbol of authority. Today, long dignified by the name "mace," the caveman’s club, which evolved into the steely weapon of medieval knightly combat and then into a symbol of kingly power, still serves as the symbol of authority in Canada’s Parliament and in the provincial legislative assemblies. It is part of Canada’s British heritage. Until the mace has been placed on the table before the Speaker’s chair, the legislators have no authority under which to make or repeal laws. They are, in effect, without power, for they have no authority to wield it: although Parliament has the power to govern, it has that power only under the authority of the CROWN.

Within the COMMONWEALTH, the Crown is the supreme symbol of unity and authority; and all laws are enacted and carried out in the name of the Crown. Its supremacy in Canada is evident from the representation of this symbol of authority at the upper end of the mace, substituting for the deadly bulge of the caveman’s club and the spiked ball of the medieval warrior’s mace. Here is evidence of the fine line that developed between authority and power. Centuries ago the Crown appeared in small replica, capping what was then the handle of the king’s mace. Grasped by the hand of authority, the power was in the hitting end. But the need for brute force receded and the royal mace ceased to be an instrument for exercising power directly on the battlefield. It became a symbol of authority under which legislation could take place. Today the configuration of the mace is reversed, a large crown, the symbol of authority, now dominating the mace’s onetime hitting end.

The symbolism of the Crown is deeply entrenched in the entire process of British democracy, to which Canada has fallen heir. Authority is vested in the Crown, but in practice the Crown acts only on the advice of those members of the PRIVY COUNCIL who make up the Cabinet of the day. Since Cabinet ministers are also members of Parliament, they are, as members, responsible to the electorate, so that the people are in fact sovereign. The Crown therefore becomes the symbol of the sovereignty (or authority) of the people. The Crown is also a symbol of political unity, for the government and Her Majesty’s Loyal Opposition are still united under the Crown for the betterment of the country, although pursuing different policies in an effort to achieve that betterment.

Coats of arms were developed during the Crusades as aids to the identification of warriors on the battlefield. These soon became symbols of authority when the designs on the warriors’ surcoats, banners and shields were transferred to the wax seals which served as signatures in those days, when even the most authoritative in the land was likely to be illiterate. The first recorded use of a coat of arms to proclaim supreme authority in Canada was on 24 July 1534, when French explorer Jacques CARTIER erected a cross at the entrance to the Baie de Gaspé. "Under the crosspiece we put a coat of arms with 3 fleurs de lys in relief and over this was a wooden placard engraved with large letters that read Vive Le Roi de France." Three conventionalized golden lilies on a blue shield were the armorial bearings of François I e r ; his arms, raised by Cartier, identified him as the possessor of the new land and were the symbol of his authority over it.

Authority, no matter what its source, becomes embodied in either a person or an office. In Canada each of these embodiments has its own seal, by means of which every conferment of authority is marked. The Great Seal of Canada is the official seal. It gives formal expression to the traditional and legal authority of the state to make provisions for the well-being of the nation. The seal depicts Elizabeth II on the Coronation throne, wearing St Edward’s Crown and holding other symbols of royal authority in her hands. Before the queen are the armorial bearings of Canada. This seal is used to sanction the commissions issued to persons appointed to the most important offices of state. It is also used to confer approval upon various kinds of documents, such as letters patent constituting the office of governor general, proclamations, land grants by the Crown and election writs.

The Governor General’s Privy Seal, which is a personal seal, depicts the personal arms of the incumbent. Among the commissions issued under the Privy Seal are those of the officers of the ARMED FORCES, of which the governor general is commander in chief. This particular application of the Privy Seal testifies to an important feature of our Constitution: that the legal use of military force in Canada is ultimately dependent on the personal authority of the monarch’s representative. It is not dependent on the power of the leader of the government, even though, since the beginning of RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT, he has had access to the official seal.

When a party leader takes the oath of office and receives the commission as PRIME MINISTER, power, coming from the people, and authority, coming from the Crown, are joined. Thus the party leader who forms the government becomes, while in office, the most powerful person in the country. Yet no one, according to the German sociologist Max Weber, has greater authority than the monarch, for his or her authority rests on all 3 of the bases of authority that we have accepted as legitimate: charisma, tradition and law.

Speaker of the House of Commons

The Speaker of the House of Commons occupies a pivotal role in shaping how Parliament debates issues and passes legislation. The role has come under renewed scrutiny as Brexit continues its parliamentary journey.

John Bercow stood down from the role on 31 October 2019.

Who is the Speaker of the House of Commons?

The Speaker is an MP, with the post occupied by John Bercow since 2009. On 9 September, Bercow announced that he would stand down as Speaker at the end of October 2019, triggering an election to replace him.

The modern Speaker is politically impartial and expected to avoid taking a political stance or favouring particular interests over others. To ensure this, the Speaker is expected to resign from their party on appointment and do not campaign in general elections – usually standing unopposed by the major political parties. However, they are still a serving MP and undertake constituency work.

The role of the Speaker is almost as old as Parliament itself and has evolved significantly over time. Originally the Speaker was the monarch’s de facto representative in Parliament. From the 18th century onwards, the Speaker gained greater independence, beginning to represent the collective voice of Parliament.

How is the Speaker elected?

The Speaker is elected by a secret ballot of MPs at the beginning of a new Parliament (following a general election), or following the resignation, death or retirement of the previous incumbent.

If the Speaker in post wishes to retain the role following a general election, they do not need to be re-elected by secret ballot and can instead be reappointed by a motion passed by a majority of MPs.

What is the role of the Speaker?

The role of the Speaker is multi-faceted; part-Chair, part-referee, part symbolic representative of the Commons as a whole. Their responsibilities include:

Controlling debate

The Speaker has an important role in controlling debate in the Commons. While most business in the House is largely controlled and timetabled by the Government, the Speaker can lengthen or curtail debate before the point of ‘closure’, when a motion or bill goes to a vote.

Deciding who can speak

MPs do not have an automatic right to speak during debates and the Speaker must balance MPs’ participation with ensuring the smooth running of parliamentary business. Those wishing to speak will try and ‘catch the Speaker’s eye’, rising from their seats briefly once the previous MP has finished their contribution.

In deciding who to call, the Speaker will consider:

Choosing amendments

The Speaker has the power to decide whether, and which, amendments to bills or motions can be debated and voted on. This risks putting the Speaker in a highly political position, having to make a judgement on which amendments are worthy of debate. However, there are several principles that guide the Speakers’ decisions and seek to ensure impartiality:

While these principles provide a good guide as to how the Speaker will select amendments, they may be departed from should other interests outweigh them. The Speaker’s role in selecting amendments puts pressure on both the Government and Opposition frontbenches. The Government has to be mindful of what amendments might be placed on its bills or motions; the Opposition has to consider which amendments might be put to a vote and must carefully consider what amendments other backbenchers may put forward and whether these will undermine its approach.

Allowing Urgent Questions or Emergency Debates:

The Speaker can decide to allow Urgent Questions or Emergency Debates – both important means for backbenchers and the Opposition to force ministers to the Despatch Box and raise the political profile of an issue.

Exercising the casting vote

One of the most important, albeit very rarely used, powers the Speaker has is to exercise the casting vote in the event of a draw. The use of this power is governed by a long-standing principle aimed at maintaining the Speaker’s impartiality, namely that they should not vote against the overall majority. The Speaker should vote in favour of allowing further discussion and avoid making final decisions (he should not create a majority where no majority existed before) by a casting vote. In practice, this means that a tie at second reading should be resolved by the Speaker voting for the bill – on the basis that there will then be opportunity for further discussion. At third reading they would vote against, on the basis that the law should not be changed except with the will of the entire House. It can be less clear-cut how the Speaker should cast their deciding vote on a motion.

This power was used seven times between 1974 and 1979. It was almost needed when the Callaghan Government was defeated on a vote of confidence of 311 versus 310. It was most recently exercised on 22 July 1993 during the parliamentary vote on the Maastricht Treaty, when votes were tied on 317. The then Speaker Betty Boothroyd voted against the Leader of the Opposition’s amendment on the basis that the decision should only be taken by a majority. But the Government lost the vote on the motion itself. The current Speaker, John Bercow, cast a deciding vote on 3 April on a motion to hold further indicative votes on different Brexit options He said that ‘in accordance with precedent and on the principle that important decisions should not be taken except by a majority, I cast my vote with the Noes.’

Upholding parliamentary rules

The Speaker is also responsible for maintaining order in the House and ensuring Standing Orders (parliamentary rules) are upheld. MPs can ask the Speaker to decide whether actions are within parliamentary rules by making a ‘Point of Order’. In practice, this mechanism is also used by MPs to try to draw attention to their opponent’s actions and score political points.

If the Speaker deems the rules of the House have been broken, they can rule MPs out of order; require them to withdraw their comments; suspend MPs for a day (or invite the House to suspend them for longer by ‘naming them’); or, in extremis, suspend the House.

The Speaker can also make definitive interpretations of parliamentary rules and procedures through ‘Speaker’s rulings’. They will draw on advice from the Clerks and the Deputy Speakers, but the Speaker is the ultimate arbiter.

The Speaker’s interpretation of the parliamentary rules can be controversial. On 18 March 2019, Speaker John Bercow made a statement confirming that the Government cannot ask the Commons a question which is ‘substantially’ the same as a question it has already been asked in the same session – pointing to long-standing precedent and quoting from the parliamentary guidebook Erskine May. Unless MPs expressly vote to disapply this rule, the Speaker’s decision prevents the Government bringing back its Brexit deal to the Commons for a third ‘meaningful vote’ except if the question put to MPs is, in the Speaker’s view, substantially different from the previous meaningful vote held on 12 March – demonstrating the Speaker’s significant gatekeeping role.

In September 2019, John Bercow allowed a motion under the emergency debate (or Standing Order no.24) procedure that required the House to reach a decision on an issue, rather than consider it, eventually paving the way for backbench MPs to take control of the Commons timetable and pass legislation requiring the government to seek an Article 50 extension in specific circumstances. This was an unprecedented use of the emergency debate procedure, and was highly controversial.

The Speaker can also decide whether complaints of privilege – allegations that an MP, servant of the House or a select committee has been obstructed or threatened – should proceed.

How has the current Speaker performed in the role?

The current Speaker John Bercow is widely thought to have been more willing to exert Parliament’s authority over the Government. For instance, he has:

allowed far greater use of Urgent Question and Emergency Debates as a mechanism for MPs to hold the Government to account. In his first five years in the role, he granted 177 Urgent Questions. His predecessor Michael Martin allowed just two Urgent Questions in his final parliamentary session in 2008–09.

allowed a third amendment to the 2013 and 2017 Queen’s Speeches, despite the usual practice being to only select two. During the 2017 debate, the Speaker selected Stella Creasy’s backbench amendment calling for funding for support to Northern Irish women seeking abortions to be debated. The Government conceded the point and gave reassurances to the House, and to Creasy herself, and the amendment was withdrawn.

tended to permit more MPs to speak in debates and take more points of order

allowed MPs to amend a supplementary business motion, usually considered to be amendable only by the Government.

Some of these decisions have been controversial, and in 2015 the Government tried to pass a motion requiring Speaker John Bercow to be re-elected by secret ballot in an effort to replace him. However, it failed to gain enough support from MPs to depart from the usual procedure.

How can MPs hold the Speaker to account?

MPs can criticise the Speaker by putting down a substantive motion for debate, which the Government can provide time for it to be debated on the floor of the House. Only three such motions have been debated since the Second World War.

If MPs vote to criticise (or ‘censure’) the Speaker’s behaviour, the Speaker would come under pressure to resign, but is not automatically ousted from post.

Страноведческий тест (Соединенное Королевство)

Тест по страноведению

Примечание: данный тест целесообразно провести в 5-6 классах с целью оценки качества усвоения обучающимися страноведческого материала по теме « The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland » («Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии»)

Choose the correct answer.

1. What is the official name of the country which language we study?

a) Great Britain

c) the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

2. How many countries does the United Kingdom consist of?

3. What is the capital of England?

4. What is the capital of Scotland?

b) Edinburgh
c) Stradford-on-Avon

5. What is the capital of Wales?

6. What is the capital of Northern Ireland?

7. What is the symbol of the United Kingdom?

8. How is the British national fl ag called?

a) the Union Jack

b) the St. Andrew’s Cross

c) the St. Patrick’s Cross

9. What is the floral symbol of England?

c) a green apple

10. What is the floral symbol of Scotland?
a) a daffodil

11. What are the emblems of Wales?

a) a shamrock, a clover and and hand

b) a rose and the Saint George’s cross

c) a dragon, a daffodil, a leek

12. What is the floral symbol of Northern Ireland?

13. Who is the head of the UK?

a) a Prime Minister

14. Where does the British Prime Minister live and work?

a) at 10 Downing Street

c) in Buckingham Palace

15. What natural resources are the most profitable for the British economy?

a) coal reserves

16. How can people cross the English Channel ?

a) through the Channel Tunnel (the Channel)

17. What is the busiest airport in Great Britain?

a) Heathrow Airport

b) Gatwick Airport

c) Vnukovo Airport

18. What is the highest mark in British schools?

19. What universities in the United Kingdom are the most famous?

a) Oxford University and Cambridge University

b) London University and Harvard University

a) in the Tower of London

b) in Westminster Abbey

c) in Buckingham Palace

21. Where is Nelson’s Column situated?

a) in St. James`Park

b) in Trafalgar Square

c) In Fleet Street

22. The ravens are a famous sight, of.

a) the Tower of London

23. Scottish surnames begin with.
a) O’

24. What is the Scottish national costume for men?

а ) the deerstalker

25. What lake does a famous Scottish monster Nessie live in?

26. What river flows in London)

27. What do English people usually drink for breakfast?

c) tea with milk

28. What is traditional English money?

29) What weather is typically British?

a) hot and sunny

b) rainy and foggy

c) dry and frosty

30. What famous writer is an English one?

b) W. Shakespeare

Key: 1) c; 2) c ; 3) b; 4) b;5) b; 6) c; 7) a ; 8) a; 9) b; 10) c; 11) c; 12) a; 13) c; 14) a; 15) a; 16) a; 17) a; 18) a; 19) a; 20) c; 21) b; 22) a ; 23) b; 24) c; 25) c ;26) c; 27) c 28) a; 29) b 30) b

Критерии оценки : 0 ошибок (100%), 1-2 ошибки ( 97-95%)-«5»; 3-9 ошибок ( 94%-75%)-«4»; 10-13 ошибок (74-60%)-«3»; более 13 ошибок (менее 59%)-«2»

Тест разработала Миронова И. В., учитель английского языка МОУ Нагорьевская СОШ.

Курс повышения квалификации

Концептуальное и методическое обновление дисциплины «Иностранный язык» в условиях реализации ФГОС

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Данный тест целесообразно провести в 5-6 классах с целью оценки качества усвоения обучающимися страноведческого материала по теме «The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland» («Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии»)

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What is the symbol of the speaker s authority

To ensure the orderly flow of business, the House of Commons observes parliamentary rules and traditions, both written and unwritten. It is the Speaker’s duty to interpret these rules impartially, to maintain order, and to defend the rights and privileges of Members, including the right to freedom of speech.

To preserve the trust of the House, the Speaker’s actions must be impartial. Consequently, the Speaker never participates in debate, only votes in case of a tie and works to balance the right of the Government to transact business in an orderly manner and the right of all Members to be heard in debate.

Presiding over the House of Commons

The Speaker guides the House through its deliberations by calling the items on the daily agenda, reading aloud the text of the motions before the House, recognizing Members who wish to participate in debate and putting the question to the House for decision. If a Member feels that a subject requires urgent attention, the Speaker may be asked to schedule an emergency debate. During consideration of bills, the Speaker is responsible for determining the procedural acceptability of amendments proposed by Members. During the daily Question Period (QP), when the Government is held to account for its policies and conduct, the Speaker ensures that it is conducted in a civil manner and that Members have a chance to participate.

The Speaker is empowered to rule motions brought before the House to be contrary to the rules and privileges of Parliament and hence «out of order». Members may also raise a point of order or a question of privilege for the Speaker’s consideration.

Upon the Government’s request, the Speaker also has the power to recall the House when it is not otherwise scheduled to sit.

Administrative Duties

The Speaker is also the head of the House of Commons Administration and is responsible for its overall direction and management. The Parliament of Canada Act provides that all matters of administrative and financial policy affecting the House are overseen by the Board of Internal Economy, composed of Members and chaired by the Speaker. The Board approves the House’s annual spending estimates which the Speaker then submits to Treasury Board for tabling with the Government’s departmental Estimates. Board of Internal Economy decisions are implemented in the Speaker’s name by the Clerk, who is responsible for the day-to-day management of House staff.

The Speaker’s administrative duties also involve the tabling of certain documents and reports, including those of the Board of Internal Economy, by-laws stemming from the provisions of the Parliament of Canada Act and documents submitted by the Canadian Human Rights Commission, the Auditor General, the Chief Electoral Officer, the Commissioner of Official Languages, the Information Commissioner and the Privacy Commissioner.

Ceremonial/Diplomatic Duties

As representative of the House of Commons, the Speaker has a number of traditional, ceremonial or diplomatic duties. The Speaker is the spokesperson for the House in its dealings with the Senate, the Crown and other bodies outside Parliament.

When entering or leaving the House, the Speaker is always preceded by the Sergeant-at-Arms carrying the Mace, the symbol of the Speaker’s authority. A sitting day always begins with the Speaker’s Parade in which the Speaker walks in procession through the Hall of Honour and into the Chamber. Members rise while the Speaker proceeds to the Chair and the Sergeant-at-Arms places the Mace on the Table. Once satisfied that a quorum is present, the Speaker reads the prayer and formally opens the sitting.

The Speaker also leads the procession when the House is summoned to the Senate to attend the Queen or Governor General at the beginning of a Parliament or a session or when there is a ceremony to grant Royal Assent to bills.

Other Chair Occupants

The Speaker is assisted by a Deputy Speaker, who is also Chair of Committees of the Whole. Other presiding officers who carry out the duties of the Speaker when he or she cannot be in the Chamber include the Deputy Chair of Committees of the Whole and an Assistant Deputy Chair.