What kind of state is great britain
What kind of state is great britain
Text. State Structure of Great Britain
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (the UK) is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch as Head of State.
The UK does not have a written constitution. Instead, it is made up of a combination of Acts of Parliament.
Monarch
In law the Monarch is Head of the legislative, executive and judicial powers, the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces and the supreme governor of the Church of England, but in reality her role is mostly ceremonial.
Legislative Power
The legislative power in the UK belongs to Parliament which comprises the Monarch, the House of Commons and the House of Lords.
The House of Commons consists of 651 Members of Parliament (MPs), who are elected by citizens over the age of 18, by secret ballot, in each of Britain’s 651 parliamentary constituencies. The main function of the House of Commons is to make laws.
The House of Lords consists of about 1200 hereditary and life peers and some senior bishops named by the Queen. The main function of the House of Lords is to revise bills proposed by the House of Commons. But it cannot reject them; it can only delay a bill from becoming law for six months.
Executive Power
The executive power in the UK belongs to the Government, the main functions of which are to put laws into effect and plan policy.
The main political parties in the UK are the Labor and the Conservative parties. The leader of the party which wins the most seats in the Parliament at a general election becomes Prime Minister. As head of Government the Prime Minister appoints about 100 ministers, of whom about 20 are in the Cabinet.
Judicial Power
The judicial power in the UK belongs to:
a. Magistrates’ Courts, which deal with minor criminal and civil cases.
b. Crown Courts which deal with more serious criminal cases and County Courts which deal with more serious civil cases.
c. Courts of Appeal which deal with criminal and civil cases.
d. the House of Lords, which is the Final Court of Appeal.
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What kind of state is Great Britain?
2. Who is the head of the state?
3. What does the legislative branch of power belong to?
4. Who does the executive branch of power belong to?
5. What does the judicial branch of power belong to?
6. What does the British Parliament consist of?
7. How many members are there in the House of Commons / in the House of Lords?
8. The House of Commons plays main role in law-making, doesn’t it?
9. What is the main function of the House of Lords?
10. Who appoints hereditary and life peers and some senior bishops?
11. Who becomes Prime Minister?
12. Who is the actual Prime Minister of the country?
Text. THE USA
The United States of America is situated in North America. The United States is one of the largest countries in the world. The area of the USA is about nine million square kilometers. The population is nearly 250 million people.
The USA is washed by the Atlantic Ocean in the east and by the Pacific Ocean in the west.
The highest mountains are the Cordillera, situated in the west of the country. Their highest peak Whitney is 4,418 meters.
The main rivers of the USA are the Mississippi in the central part, the Colorado in the south-west and the Columbia in the north-west. The five Great Lakes are between the USA and Canada.
The climate of the USA varies from place to place. On the Pacific coast winter is mild and warm, summer is dry.
The eastern part of the USA is characterized by the continental climate with rainfall. The weather in the region of the Great Lakes is changeable. It is hot and humid in summer and cold in winter. It is often windy.
The USA is a federal republic. It consists of fifty states. Each state has its own government.
The USA is a multinational country. The official language is English.
The capital of the USA is Washington.
Переведите на английский:
Соединенные штаты Америки, Канада, Тихий океан, Атлантический океан, столица, омывается, располагается, население, площадь, квадратные километры, официальный язык, реки и озёра, Великие озера, изменчивый, ливни, влажный, меняться, самая высокая вершина
Ответьте на вопросы:
1. 1.Where is the USA situated?
2. What is the USA washed by?
3. What is the climate?
4. What is the capital of the country?
5. What is the area of the USA?
6. What is the population of the USA?
7. What is the official language?
8. What are the chief rivers in the USA?
Расскажите о США, используя опорную схему
The USA is situated …
It is washed by …
The population is …
The capital of the USA is …
The chief rivers are …
US GOVERNMENT
The United States of America is a presidential republic. The Federal Government is made up of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial branches.
The legislative branch of the US Government, or the Congress, represents all of the American states. It consists of two parts: the House of Representatives and the Senate. Each state has two senators, who are elected every 6 years. A senator must be at least 30 years old, a citizen of the United States for 9 years, and live in the state where she or he will represent. A representative must be at least 25 years old, a citizen for 7 years, and live in the state. There are 435 members in the House of Representatives and 100 senators.
The function of the legislative branch of government is to make laws and to finance the operation of the Government. The Senate is presided over by the Vice-President. The presiding officer of the House of Representatives is the Speaker.
The executive branch is represented by President and the President’s Cabinet. The President is elected every 4 years. The President must carry out the Government programs. He can veto any bill passed by the Congress and can ask the Congress the Congress to declare a war. He also appoints the justices to the Supreme Court. President of the USA is also a Commander-in-Chief of the US Armed Forces.
The judicial branch of the government is the system of courts. Its function is to enforce laws. The system consists of 11 federal courts of appeal and 91 federal district courts. The highest court in the country is the Supreme Court. It consists of nine justices who are appointed for life. The judicial branch works together with legislative and executive branches to protect the Constitution and all the rights of people.
Расскажите о США, используя опорную схему
POLITICAL SYSTEM OF GREAT BRITAIN
Political System of Great Britain
What kind of state is the UK?
Who is the head of the state in the UK?
What are the Houses of the British Parliament?
II. Read the text and check your answers.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It means that the sovereign reigns but does not rule.
Britain does not have a written constitution, but a set of laws.
Parliament is the most important authority in Britain. Technically Parliament is made up of three parts: the Monarch, the House of Lords; and the House of Commons. In reality the House of Commons is the only one of the three which has true power.
The monarch serves formally as head of state. But the monarch is expected to be politically neutral and should not make political decisions.
The present sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II. She was crowned in Westminster Abbey in 1953.
The House of Commons consists of Members of Parliament. There are 650 of them in the House of Commons. They are elected by secret ballot. General elections are held every five years. The country is divided into 650 constituencies. All citizens aged 18 and registered in a constituency, have the right to vote. But voting is not compulsory in Britain. Only persons convicted of corrupt and certain mentally ill patients don’t take part in voting.
There are few political parties in Britain thanks to the British electoral system. The main ones are: the Conservative Party, the Labour Party and the Liberal / Social Democratic Alliance.
Each political party puts up one candidate for each constituency. The one who wins the most votes is elected MP for that area.
The party which wins the most seats in Parliament forms the Government. Its leader becomes the Prime Minister. His first job is to choose his Cabinet. The Prime Minister usually takes policy decisions with the agreement of the Cabinet.
The functions of the House of Commons are legislation and scrutiny of government activities. The House of Commons is presided over by the Speaker. The Speaker is appointed by the Government.
The House of Lords comprises about 1,200 peers. It is presided by the Lord Chancellor. The House of Lords has no real power. It acts rather as an advisory council.
It’s in the House of Commons that new bills are introduced and debated. If the majority of the members are in favour of a bill, it goes to the House of Lords to be debated. The House of Lords has the right to reject a new bill twice.
But after two rejections they are obliged to accept it. And finally a bill goes to the monarch to be signed. Only then it becomes law.
Parliament is responsible for British national policy. Local governments are responsible for organizing of education, police and many others.
III. Read the text again and fill in the gaps.
IV. Decide if the sentences are true, false or not stated.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
3. The Monarch was responsible for political decisions till the 20-th century.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
4. The present Monarch was crowned in Buckingham Palace.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
5. Members of the House of Commons are elected every five years.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
6. Citizens have the right to vote at the age of 18.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
7. The Conservative Party has the majority in the Parliament.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
8. The Prime Minister is the leader of the party which wins the most seats in Parliament.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
9. The Speaker is chosen by the Members of Parliament.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
10. The House of Lords acts as an advisory council.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
11. A bill becomes law after it is accepted in the House of Lords.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated
V. “The political numbers” Find this numbers in the text and answer the questions
— What period are the Members of the House of Commons elected for?
— When did Elizabeth II come to the throne?
— How many constituencies is the country divided into?
— How many members are there in the House of Lords?
VI. Speaking. Speak about the political system of the UK using the cluster. Compare the British and Russian political systems. Who has more power the Queen of Great Britain or the President of the Russian Federation?
Олимпиада по страноведению » Великобритания»
Олимпиадные задания по английскому языку по теме:
— активизация внеклассной работы по дисциплине;
— создание необходимых условий для реализации потенциала одарённых детей.
II. Участники олимпиады:
2.1. Участниками олимпиады могут быть студенты 1и 2 курсов
III. Порядок проведения олимпиады:
Олимпиадные задания готовятся преподавателем иностранного языка и утверждаются на методической комиссии общеобразовательных дисциплин;
Олимпиадные задания основываются на знании материала программы учебной дисциплины с элементами творческих заданий;
Пользование справочной литературой и интернет не допускается;
Участие в олимпиаде осуществляется на добровольной основе.
IV. Обработка результатов и определение победителей:
Проверка осуществляется комиссией, в которую входит ведущий преподаватель, председатель методической комиссии общеобразовательных дисциплин и ещё один преподаватель иностранного языка;
Проверка результатов осуществляется по заранее заготовленному эталону;
Победителями олимпиады становятся участники, набравшие наибольшее количество баллов.
1) What is the official name of Britain?
a) The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
b) United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
c) The United Kingdom of the Great Britain and the Northern Ireland
2) What parts does the United Kingdom consist of?
a) England, Scotland, Wales
b) England, Scotland, Wales, Ireland
c) England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland
3) What is the capital of Scotland?
a) Belfast b) Edinbourgh c) Cardiff
4) What is the symbol of England?
a) the thistle b) the daffodil c) the red rose
5) What is the oldest part of London?
a) the East End b) the City c) the West End
9) What is the national instrument of Scots?
a) the guitar b) the violin c) the bagpipe
10) What is Wales called?
a) A “Land of Dance” b) A “Land of Music” c) A “Land of Songs”
11)What channel lies between Britain and the continent of Europe?
a) Suez Canal b) British Channel c) English Channel
12)What is the highest mountain peak in Britain?
а ) Snowdon b)Ben Nevis c) the Grampians
13)What mountains are there in England?
а )the Grampians b) the Cambrian Mountains c) the Pennine Chain
14) What is the longest river in Britain
а )The Severn b) the Thames c) the Nile
15) What kind of state is Great Britain?
a) a republic b) a parliamentary monarchy c) an absolute monarchy
16).What is the head of the state of Great Britain?
a) the Parliament b) the Queen c) the Prime Minister
17.What are the Houses of British Parliament?
a)The House of Lords and the House of Commons
b) The House of Lords and the House of Commons and Senate
c) Senate and the House of Lords
18) What do the Englishmen say to be taken a photo?
a) hello b) good morning c) cheese
19) According to the English proverb when you don’t know what to speak about, speak about
a) politics b) music c) weather
20) When it is someone’s birthday, it is usual to say….
a) Congratulations! b) Happy birthday! c) Good luck
21) What is the oldest part of London?
a) The City b) The West End c) the East End
22) What is smog?
a) a man’s blazer b) thick fog c) heavy rain
23) Where was golf originated?
a). Scotland b) England c) Ireland
24) How are the British policeman called?
a) Hobbit b) Bobby с ) Robbie
25) What is the fastest way to cross the English Channel?
a) through the Channel Tunnel b) by boat c) by ferry
26) What is the state system of the UK?
a) republic b) absolute monarchy c) constitutional monarchy
27) Where does the British Prime-Minister live?
a) Oxford Street b) Fleet Street c) Downing Street
28) What is the highest mark in British schools?
29) Which holiday is on the 25 th of December?
a) Christmas Day b) Halloween c) Easter
30) What is the official residence of the British Queen?
a) Westminster Abbey b) Buckingham Palace c) Albert Hall
31).Who is the author of the literary treasure “Alice in Wonderland”?
a) Lewis Carroll b) Mark Twain c) Stevenson
33).What is the English flag called?
a) Union Jack b) Union James c) Union Michael
34)Whose monument stands on Trafalgar Square?
a) Admiral Nelson b) James Cook c) Byron
35) What river is the British capital situated on
a)The Severn b) the Thames c) the Ob
36).What vegetable is traditional on Halloween?
a) a cucumber b) a pumpkin c) a carrot
37). What colour are the taxis in London?
a) yellow b) red c) black
50. What is the London underground called?
a) tube b) underground c) metro
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The United Kingdom
In the west the Irish Sea and the North Channel separate the UK from Ireland. The seas around Britain provide exceptionally good fishing grounds. The country has many bays favourable for shipping. In their shelter are Britain’s main ports such as London, Liverpool, Glasgow, Hull and others.
One will not find very high mountains or large plains in Great Britain. Everything occupies very little place. Nature, it seems, has carefully adapted things to the size of the island itself. The highest mountain is Ben Nevis in Scotland, 4,406 feet high. The longest river is the Severn in England.
The official language of the United Kingdom is English. But in western Scotland some people still speak Gaelic and in northern and central parts of Wales people often speak Welsh.
The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the worlds largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics» textile» aircraft, and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.
The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, the country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.
There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.
The flag of the United Kingdom, known as the Union Jack, is made up of three crosses. The big red cross is the cross of Saint George, the patron saint of England. The white cross is the cross of Saint Andrew, the patron saint of Scotland. The red diagonal cross is the cross of Saint Patrick, the patron saint of Ireland.
Объединенное Королевство
Официальным языком Объединенного Королевства является английский. Но в Западной Шотландии многие и сегодня говорят на галльском наречии, а в северной и центральной частях Уэльса говорят на валлийском языке.
В Великобритании существуют три основных политических партии: лейбористская, консервативная и либеральная.
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United Kingdom
UK is one of the most visiting countries in the world. Every year to the UK come about 30 million foreign tourists from different countries. Among the foreign tourists visiting United Kingdom most part are citizens of U.S., France and Germany. Residents of the UK are travel lovers too.
The centuries-old history of the United Kingdom, its achievements in economy, culture and art, has made this country one of the most influential countries in the world. English language is one of the most popular in the world. During his heyday British Empire occupied territory about one-fourth of the planet’s surface. UK is one of the most interesting and influential countries in the world now. Here come a lot of tourists, politicians, businessmen and students from around the world.
United Kingdom
Great Britain is one of the largest states in the Europe. The state is located in the British Isles, washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. South-eastern coast is located at distance about 35 km from the northern coast of France. Great Britain is separated from the mainland by the English Channel. The population of Britain is nearly 60 million people. The area of the country is approximately 244,000 square kilometers. The state consists of four parts (countries): England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The capital of the United Kingdom, London, is one of the largest cities in the Europe.
Travel to United Kingdom
UK is one of the most attractive tourist countries in Europe. About 30 million foreign tourists come to Britain every year. In 2011, Britain received income from foreign tourists more than 17.7 billion pounds. Approximately 40% of tourists come to the UK for the holydays (11.9 million in 2011). Business trips accounts for about 20% of the total. Approximately 8.8 million people arrived in 2011 to friends or relatives. Such visits also have a longer stay.
From which countries tourists most often visit the UK?
According to the 2010 statistic, among the tourists most of all are residents of France (12.1%), Germany (10.1%) and USA (9.1%). (In 2011 the share of tourists from the United States increased to 12%). At the same time tourists from the United States spends in the UK most of all money. They bring the UK about the same amount of money as tourists from France and Germany together.
What type of transport tourists choose?
Approximately 70% of visitors come to the UK by plane. About one-seventh of the tourists choose a ferry, and a little less come by train, using Eurotunnel. Most tourists come to the UK in the period from June to September.
Which regions and cities of Great Britain are most popular among foreign tourists?
About half of foreign tourists choose as a goal of his journey London (about 14.7 million tourists in 2011). It is most popular tourist’s destination in Great Britain. Slightly fewer are visiting other places in England. Approximately 2.4 million tourists visited Scotland in 2010. A much smaller number arrives to the other parts of the UK.
The most popular sights and attractions of Great Britain
Attractions of London are the most visited by tourist’s places in UK. Read about the most popular places in the British capital on the page about London. Other popular places in UK are listed below. It is shown the number of visitors in 2009.
Canterbury Cathedral. 1.013 million visitors. The Canterbury Cathedral in Canterbury city, a district of Kent. It is one of the oldest and most famous Christian structures in England. Cathedral is the main temple of the UK.
Canterbury is a small city, located in the south-east of England. It is situated in Kent, at a distance of 85 kilometers in the south-east of London.
Stonehenge. 0.99 million visitors. Stonehenge is one of the oldest created by people object in the UK. The monument of the ancient culture included in UNESCO World Heritage Site list. It consists from earth and stone structures, and was built presumably for ritual purpose. Monument is located in Wiltshire, approximately 130 kilometers in south-west of London, about 13 miles north of Salisbury. Stonehenge construction was started presumably around 3020-2910 BC.
Most visited by foreign tourists cities of the UK
London, United Kingdom. The capital of Great Britain is the most visited tourist city in the country.
Edinburgh. Edinburgh is the second most visited by foreign tourists’ city of Great Britain. This is the second largest city in Scotland. Edinburgh is located on the east coast of Scotland, at distance about 47 miles from Glasgow and 332 miles (535 km) from London. The driving distance from Edinburgh to London is about 400 miles. The city population is over 460,000 people (including 62,000 students). From late June to early September, a series of various festivals are held in Edinburgh. At this time, the city’s population doubled due to arriving tourists. Every year Edinburgh attracts about 13 million tourists.
Edinburgh Airport is the busiest airport in Scotland. The airport serves more than nine million passengers a year. Edinburgh Waverley railway station is main railway station of the city. Trains arrive here from London and other UK cities.
Manchester. Manchester is the third by the number of foreign tourist town of Great Britain. The town’s population is about 500,000 people. Manchester is one of the most important scientific, industrial and cultural center of UK. Here was built world’s first railway station; here the first time scientists have divided the atom. Manchester is located on the north-west of England, approximately 50 kilometers (30 miles) from Liverpool and 370 kilometers (204 miles) from London. Manchester Airport is the largest international airport in the UK (after London).
Birmingham. Birmingham is the second biggest city in the UK. Here live more than one million people. Birmingham is located in the West Midlands, at a distance about 200 kilometers (120 miles) north-west of London.