What linking words has the writer used

Учебник Spotlight 8. Student’s Book. Страница 51

3E. Writing Skills — Навыки письма

3. Answer the questions below. — Ответьте на вопросы?

4. Join the sentences. Use the words in brackets. — Объедините предложения. Используйте слова в скобках.

Narrative style

To make your story more interesting to the reader you can use:

Стиль повествования

Чтобы сделать вашу историю более интересной для читателя вы можете использовать:

5. What adjectives does the writer use to describe the following in the story on p. 50? — Какие прилагательные использует писатель, чтобы описать следующие слова в рассказе на стр. 50?

6. Complete the adverbs the writer has used in the story to complete the phrases below. Make sentences using the phrases. — Вставьте наречия, которые автор использовал в рассказе, чтобы дополнить фразы. Составьте предложения, используя фразы.

7. Read the rubric, look at the underlined key words and answer the questions, then write your story. Follow the plan in Ex. 2. — Прочитайте рубрику, посмотрите на подчеркнутые ключевые слова и ответьте на вопросы, затем напишите ваш рассказ. Следуйте плану из упражнения 2.

A teenage magazine has asked its readers to take part in the annual short story competition entitled « It happened to me «. Write your story for the competition (120-180 words). — Молодежный журнал попросил своих читателей принять участие в ежегодном конкурсе коротких рассказов под названием «Это случилось со мной». Напишите вашу историю для конкурса (120-180 слов)

Возможный рассказ: Заранее приносим извинения, рассказ получился раза в два длиннее требуемого, но вы вполне можете его сократить.

Have you ever stayed home alone for a week? You might say, of course, a hundred times. There’s nothing surprising or strange about that. I thought the same until I had this story. My parents and my little brother went to Turkey for a week. And I stayed at home alone.

When I woke up this morning, my first thought was, why isn’t anyone waking me up for breakfast? It was quiet in the flat, no one spoke anything, no one stomped on the floor with his little feet. That was great! No one was going to lead me to make the bed for a week, no one was going to say I was doing anything wrong, no one was going to blame me for playing computer games for so long. It was freedom as I imagined it. But it all went wrong since the very morning. I tried to make myself breakfast first. I ended up with burnt eggs. It’s okay, I’ll learn. Then I decided to do my favourite thing – to play a computer game. I couldn’t get out of the computer until almost the evening. It was the hunger that kept me from playing. But I didn’t find any food in the kitchen because I hadn’t taken care of it beforehand. I was too lazy to cook, and I wasn’t much of a cook. So I made myself an instant noodles «Rolton», ate and went back to play. It was a late night when my eyes turned red from sitting so long in front of the monitor, I realized I wanted to sleep. It was like that for two more days. I hardly ever went outside, ate junk food and played computer games.

On the third day, the Internet went down. My favourite online game became unavailable. I went from corner to corner all day. There was nothing to do on the street because all my friends had gone on holiday. My freedom turned into the pit of hell. I really didn’t know what to do. By the end of the week, I really wanted my parents to come back home.

I felt completely devastated. I realized with great regret that I was completely helpless. I didn’t know how to cook, I couldn’t take care of myself, I couldn’t plan my time, I couldn’t draw the line at playing computer games, and I didn’t know how to relax properly. My mother was shocked to see my green skin colour, red eyes, and dark circles under my eyes. Since then, I’ve been trying to make a personal plan for the day every morning and hold to it. I learned how to cook, I became interested in housework, and now I even know where the contract with our Internet service provider is.

Вы когда-нибудь оставались дома одни на неделю? Вы скажете, конечно, сотни раз. В этом нет ничего удивительного или странного. Я тоже так думал, пока со мной не приключилась эта история. Мои родители с младшим братом поехали отдыхать в Турцию на неделю. А я остался дома один.

Когда я проснулся утром, первой моей мыслью была, почему меня никто не будит на завтрак? В квартире тишина, никто не разговаривает, не топает по полу своими маленькими ножками. Красота! Никто меня не будет заставлять убирать постель целую неделю, никто не скажет, что я что-то делаю не так, никто не будет ругать за то, что я долго играю в компьютерные игры. Это была свобода, как я ее себе представлял. Однако все пошло не так с самого утра. Для начала я попытался приготовить себе завтрак. Дело кончилось подгоревшей яичницей. Ничего страшного — научусь. Потом я решил заняться своим любимым делом — игрой в компьютерную игру. Я не вылезал из-за компьютера практически до вечера. Лишь чувство голода заставило меня оторваться от игры. Но еды на кухне я не обнаружил, поскольку не позаботился о ней заранее. Готовить что-нибудь мне было лень, да и повар из меня никакой. Поэтому я сделал себе растворимую вермишель «Ролтон», поел и опять пошел играть. Уже поздно ночью, когда глаза мои от долгого сидения перед монитором стали красными, я понял, что хочу спать. Примерно так же прошли еще два дня. Я практически не выходил на улицу, питался всякой гадостью и играл.

На третий день у меня исчез интернет. Моя любимая онлайн-игра стала недоступна. Я целый день ходил из угла в угол. На улице делать нечего, все друзья разъехались на каникулы. Моя свобода превратилась в ад. Я просто не знал, чем заняться. К концу недели я уже сильно хотел, чтобы родители поскорее вернулись домой.

Я чувствовал себя полностью опустошенным. Я с большим сожалением понял, что я совершенно беспомощен. Я не умею готовить еду, не могу позаботиться о себе, не в состоянии спланировать свое время, не знаю меры в компьютерных играх и не умею правильно отдыхать. Мама была в шоке, когда увидела мой зеленый цвет кожи, красные глаза и темные круги под глазами. С тех пор я стараюсь каждое утро составлять личный план на день и придерживаюсь его. Я научился готовить, стал интересоваться домашними делами и теперь даже знаю, где лежит договор с нашей интернет-провайдером.

8. When you finish writing your story, edit it. Check for: — Когда вы заканчиваете писать рассказ, поправьте его. Проверьте:

Как написать рассказ на английском языке.

Writing Skills ( a story) Form 8, Module 3e

привлекающий внимание \ интригующий читателя заголовок (a title)

1. Introduction (Para 1)

1. Who were the main characters?

2. Where were they?

3. What were they doing?

2.A main body (Para 2-3)

What was the climax (The most important event in the story)

Слова – связки (as soon as, while, before, and

Большинство рассказов пишутся с использованием глаголов (Past Simple для описания основных событий/ Past Continuous для развития событий и Past Perfect для описаний предшествующих событий).

3.A conclusion (Para 4)

What happened in the end?

How did the characters react / feel?

В основной описываем события, используя слова – связки для раскрытия событий.

прямую речь вместо скучного пересказа: Он сказал, что …особенно если речь идёт об эмоциях «Oh, no!» I said to myself

соединительные союзы (and, but, so, for, yet)

средства драматической выразительности (Suddenly, al of a sudden, without warning, just like that, just at the moment, out of the blue

Write the answers to the questions

Who are the main characters?

Where did the story take place?

When did the story take place?

List the events below in the order they happened.

Which is the climax event?

How did the characters feel at the end of the story?

What linking words has the writer used?

What adjectives does the writer use to describe the following in the story?

1.___________afternoon 5. _____________tunnel

2. __________sky 6. _____________gasp

3.___________leaves 7. _____________pictures

4. __________trees 8. _____________discovery

Fill in the adverbs the writer has used in the story to complete the phrases below. Make sentences using the phrases.

1. strolled__________ 2. ran___________ 3. went____________

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НКТ. Английский язык_Вариант 3

Примерные тестовые задания
Национального квалификационного тестирования нового формата для педагогических работников и приравненных к ним лиц.

Вариант 3

1-БЛОК: Английский язык
Задания с выбором одного правильного ответа

1. The synonym of “respect”:
A) look up to
B) look after
C) look down
D) look off
E) look for

11. William Shakespeare ____ in this house when he was a child
A) had lived
B) used to live
C) had been lived
D) was living
E) lives

21. The correct answer:
What does he want to be?
A) He want to be a singer
B) You know my father is an
economist
C) Our classmates want to become
interpreters
D) He wants to become a singer
E) I’ll see if the money goes towards
buying goods

31. The tenses are used correctly in the
sentence
A) Mr. Johnson reads your report as
soon as he comes in
B) Mr. Johnson reads your report as
soon as he will come in
C) Mr. Johnson will read your report as
soon as he comes in
D) Mr. Johnson will read your report as
soon as he салю in
E) Mr. Johnson will read your report as
soon as he will come in

Задания с выбором одного или нескольких правильных ответов
51. Choose the words with the sound
[tʃ] A) School
B) Character
C) Picture
D) Chair
E) China
F) Architect
G) Chemistry
H) Which

Контекстные задания
1-контекст
5 заданий с выбором одного правильного ответа
Oscar Wilde
Oscar Wilde is a famous English
writer of the 19th century, Oscar Wilde
was bom in Dublin, Ireland, in 1854.
His mother wrote poetry, and she taught
him to love literature.
He was educated at Trinity
College, Dublin and Magdalen College,
Oxford. Soon after leaving university
his first volume of poetry, «Patience»
was published.
Oscar Wilde married Constance
Lloyd in 1884 and the couple had two
sons. When the boys were children
Wilde wrote fairy stories for them that
were later published as «The Happy
Prince and Other Tales» (1888).
Wilde‟s tales are very beautiful.
This was followed two years later by
the novel, «The Picture of Dorian Gray»
(1890) and a book on the role of the
artist, «The Soul of Man under
Socialism” (1891). However, it was a
playwright that Wilde had his greatest
success. Comedies such as «Lady
Windermere’s Fan» (1892), «A Woman
of No Importance» (1893), «An Ideal
Husband» (1895) and «The Importance
of Being Earnest» (1895) made him one
of Britain’s most famous writers. By
1895 Wilde had left his wife.
Wilde was publicly accused by the
Marquis of Queens berry. Wilde sued
for libel but he lost his case and was
then himself prosecuted and
imprisoned.
After being released from Reading
Prison in 1897 Wilde moved to France.
The following year he wrote «The
Ballad of Reading Gaol» a poem
inspired by his prison experience.
Wilde’s time in prison badly damaged
his health and he died in 1900.
His books are read and his plays
are staged in many countries and in
many languages.
61. Which of his novel made him one of
the outstanding writers in Great Britain
A) «The Importance of Being Earnest»
B) «The Soul of Man under Socialism»
C) «A Woman of No Importance»
D) «Lady Windermere’s Fan»
E) «The Picture of Dorian Gray»

Слова-связки. Linking words and phrases

Сегодня мы поговорим о словах-связках (linking words) и фразах-связках в английском языке.

Содержание статьи:

Что такое linking words and phrases?

В английской речи или на письме Вы можете использовать слова-связки (linking words) или короткие фразы (linking phrases), которые помогут организовать Вашу речь и сделать ее более логичной и понятной для того, кто Вас слушает или читает.

Слова-связки могут быть разными частями речи. Linking words важны для написания достойного и связного эссе (essay writing).

Обратите внимание, на использование слов-связок: неправильное использование linking words в английском языке может полностью изменить смысл того, что вы пытаетесь сказать.

Таблицы linking words с переводом.

Ниже приводятся таблицы слов-связок и фраз-связок с переводом. Этот перечень не является исчерпывающим. Будьте осторожны: хотя linking words and phrases сгруппированы в наших таблицах по сферам применения, слова-связки в каждой из таблиц не являются синонимичными – для их правильного применения необходимо уточнить перевод, а также место в предложении.

Некоторые слова-связки и фразы используются в нескольких таблицах, так как могут иметь различное (логическое) значение.

Listing (слова-связки, используемые для перечисления, организации логической последовательности).

first, second, third

Первое, второе, третье

firstly, secondly, thirdly

Во-первых, во-вторых, в-третьих

first, furthermore, finally

Во-первых, кроме того, наконец-то

to begin, to conclude, in conclusion

Для начала, чтобы сделать вывод, в завершение

next, last, finally

следующий, последний, наконец

In addition, moreover

Кроме того, кроме того

Далее / кроме того,

Примеры с переводом

Firstly, it could be rather risky, secondly, we don’t have enough qualification. – Во-первых, это может быть очень рискованно, во-вторых, у нас нет достаточной квалификации.

And, moreover, Greg was a man of stainless character. – И, более того, Грег был человеком с честным характером.

Reinforcement (слова-связки, употребляющиеся для усиления, подкрепления мысли )

ГДЗ по английскому языку для 11 класса, Биболетова, Unit 1, Section 3, 4, 5

Упражнения из рабочей тетради по английскому языку для 11 класса с ответами. Для всех, кто изучает английский язык, выполнение этих упражнений — прекрасный способ потренироваться и выявить пробелы в знаниях.

Enjoy English Workbook 1

Unit 1 What do young people face in society today?

Section 1 »

Section 2 »

Section 3

Exercise 1. Use the appropriate prepositions from the box.

be tolerant ___ other cultures
be dependent ___ imported raw materials
be financially independent ___ parents
be responsible ___ financial collapse
object ___ construction plans
argue ___ opponents
fight ___ social rights

Ответы:
Упражнение 1. Используйте подходящие предлоги из рамки.

be tolerant to other cultures
be dependent on imported raw materials
be financially independent from parents
be responsible for financial collapse
object to construction plans
argue with opponents
fight for social rights

Exercise 2. Make up adjectives from the following nouns and write them in the appropriate column.

Ответы:
Упражнение 2. Образуйте прилагательные из следующих существительных и запишите их в соответствующую колонку.

Exercise 3. Rephrase the sentences using the passive structure modal + be + V₃.

1. You should write your suggestions and submit them to the tutor by next Tuesday.
2. You should never neglect your pets as they are not able to take care of themselves.
3. We should discover the truth and publish the story immediately.
4. The authorities shouldn’t keep people unaware of their political and social rights.
5. Nobody should abuse people because of their nationality or religious beliefs.
6. The government should protect elderly people’s right to a decent standard of living.

Ответы:
Упражнение 3. Перефразируйте предложения, используя пассивную конструкцию.

1. Your suggestions should be written and submitted to the tutor by next Tuesday.
2. Pets should never be neglected as they are not able to take care of themselves.
3. The truth should be discovered and the story should be published immediately.
4. People should not be kept unaware of their political and social rights.
5. People should never be abused because of their nationality or religious beliefs.
6. Elderly people’s right to a decent standard of living should be protected by the government.

Exercise 4. Use appropriate modal verbs.

Most people are aware of their rights, but they ___ (1) forget that rights entail responsibilities. If a person has the right to education, this means that society ___ (2) provide him with the opportunity to get it. The individual, in his turn, ___ (3) do his best to acquire knowledge and skills and to contribute to a good working environment in the classroom. Otherwise, he ___ (4) abuse the rights of other people:

Ответы:
Упражнение 4. Используйте подходящие модальные глаголы.

(possible answers)
1. shouldn’t; 2. must; 3. should; 4. can/may; 5. can/may; 6. have to; 7. may/can/will

Exercise 5. Group the linking devices from the list according to their function. Write them down.

introducing: ___
sequencing ideas: ___
expressing contrast: ___
stating results: ___
giving examples: ___
adding: ___
concluding: ___

Ответы:
Упражнение 5. Сгруппируйте соединительные слова из списка согласно их функции. Запишите их.

introducing: to begin with, first of all
sequencing ideas: firstly, secondly, finally, first of all, next, finally
expressing contrast: but, however, nevertheless, yet
stating results: so, thus, as a result
giving examples: for example, for instance
adding: besides, also, furthermore, moreover
concluding: in summary, to sum up, to conclude, to summarise, in conclusion

Exercise 6. Complete the essay. Use the appropriate linking words (see Ex. 5).

The right I consider the most important

Some people are not aware of the rights they have. For example, most of my friends have never thought about the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. While, in fact, there are lots of rights listed there. Some of them are vitally important.

I personally think that the most important right, apart from the right to live of course, is the right ___

To summarise, I want to highlight the idea that different people would nominate different rights for Right No 1. That’s why every right should be observed and none of them should be neglected.

Ответы:
Упражнение 6. Завершите эссе. Используйте подходящие связывающие слова (см. упр. 5).

(possible answer)
I personally think that the most important right, apart from the right to live of course, is the right to get education. Our world sets strict requirements for people and the most crucial one is obtaining good knowledge. I believe that a child should have the opportunity to study as it will help him in the future. Unfortunately, in some countries this right is violated, as there are lots of children who do not attend school.

Section 4

Exercise 1. Cross out the word which doesn’t go with the word politics.

Ответы:
Упражнение 1. Вычеркните слово, которое не может использоваться со словом «politics».

Exercise 2. Choose and circle five most important characteristics for a successful politician.

good-looking, communicative, smart, intelligent, well-educated, responsible, fluent in languages, ambitious, practical, aggressive, well-read, flexible, talented, hard-working, creative.

Упражнение 2. Выберите и обведите в кружок пять наиболее важных качеств успешного политика.

Exercise 3. Write a few lines to develop the following statements.

1. A political leader should be communicative because ___
2. A political leader should be fluent in languages because ___
3. A political leader should be responsible because ___

Ответы:
Упражнение 3. Напишите несколько строк, продолжая следующие утверждения.

(possible answers)
1. …he/she needs to communicate with people / should be able to find supporters to promote their ideas / needs to be popular with people.
2. …he/she needs to communicate with other politicians in different countries. It’s easier to come to agreement if the politician knows the language. A politician should also be able to read newspapers and documents in different languages to have easier access to information.
3. …his/her decisions affect lots of people. Wrong decisions do people lots of harm and make them unhappy. A politician must be very careful and foresee the result of his/her actions.

Exercise 4. Use the verbs in CAPITAL LETTERS in the appropriate forms.

A: Hi! What are you doing?
B: Just browsing the internet, can’t you see?
A: What for? ___ (1) for anything? (YOU/LOOK)
B: Yes, I need to write an essay on a political leader. I ___ (2) for an hour already but I really don’t know whom to choose. (BROWSE)
A: This means that you are quite indifferent to politics, aren’t you?
B: That’s right. I ___ (3) to be interested in it a couple of years ago. I even analysed the results of elections and felt disadvantaged that I ___ (4) the right to vote yet. However now I think there are more important things than politics. (USE, NOT/HAVE)
A: I see. But whom are you going to write about, after all?
B: I don’t know. Have no idea at all.
A: Well, it’s just occurred to me… If I were you, I ___ (5) about Benazir Bhutto. (WRITE)
B: Who is he?
A: Not he but she. She was a prominent politician and a charismatic person.
B: Tell me more about her. ___ (6) a politician is a tough job, for women especially. (BE)
A: Well, Bhutto’s biographers think that she was born to become a politician as she was the eldest child in the family of Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan. She was the first woman who ___ (7) to rule a Muslim state – she chaired the Pakistan Peoples Party and ___ (8) the post of Prime Minister twice in 1988-1990 and in 1993-1996. (ELECT, OCCUPY)
B: Sounds impressive. Go on.
A: Her political career wasn’t smooth. She had lots of opponents and ___ (9) both success and failure. Politics is a very controversial thing – you never know what’s true and what’s not. Once Benazir ___ (10) of corruption but then the allegations were withdrawn. I think it was her opponents’ trick. (EXPERIENCE, ACCUSE)
B: And is she still in politics?
A: Unfortunately, no. She was the leading opposition candidate for the general elections in 2008 and, I think, had a good chance to become President of Pakistan. But Benazir Bhutto ___ (11) two weeks before the Pakistani general elections. (MURDER)
B: Do you mean that it wasn’t an accident?
A: Oh no! It was an assassination, a murder for political purposes. Several shots ___ (12) at her car. One of them caused her death. (FIRE)
B: I feel that I want to find out more about that outstanding woman. Could you spell her name – I’ll type it into the search bar.

Ответы:
Упражнение 4. Поставьте слова, набранные ЗАГЛАВНЫМИ БУКВАМИ, в нужную форму.

1. Are you looking
2. ‘ve been browsing
3. used
4. didn’t have
5. would write
6. Being
7. was elected
8. occupied
9. experienced
10. was accused
11. was murdered
12. were fired

Exercise 5. Solve the «Political Puzzle».

Ответы:
Упражнение 5. Решите «политическую головоломку».

1. Conservative
2. negotiations
3. Republican
4. vote
5. revolution
6. independent
7. political
8. Controversial
9. Parliament
10. Labour
11. tolerance
12. crisis

Section 5

Exercise 1. Tick the things you cannot do without. Complete the passages.

I know that using ___ can be harmful to the environment, but I cannot do without it. I need ___ when ___.
The thing I can do without easily is ___. I don’t need it because ___.

Ответы:
Упражнение 1. Отметьте вещи, без которых вы не можете обойтись. Дополните предложения.

(possible answer)
I know that using plastic dishes can be harmful to the environment, but I cannot do without it. I need them when I go on a picnic with my friends, because it’s too heavy to carry usual dishes. Besides, it would take a very long time to wash them.
The thing I can do without easily is shower gel. I don’t need it because I use soap instead.

Exercise 2. Match the words to make meaningful expressions.

Ответы:
Упражнение 2. Соотнесите слова, чтобы получить устойчивые словосочетания.

harmful to the environment
soap foam
plastic container
organic food
waste of energy
disposable cloth

Exercise 3. Read the texts. Find and write down the words which mean:

Small crimes against the planet

This air freshener is called «Sweet Baby», and if you spray it around, your room will have the odor of perfumed baby nappies. You probably wouldn’t like it, especially if you don’t have or want a baby. Moreover, the label on it states openly that it is harmful to the environment. What is new about it is that this air freshener operates on electricity, which means you will be wasting energy together with filling the air with unwanted perfume. If you have your air freshener on for 15 hours a day, one refill will last for up to 80 days.

Go to any chemist’s and you will find a big variety of them: makeup remover wipes, hand wipes, tooth wipes, wood wipes, dog wipes, window wipes and houseplant leaf wipes, each containing some special compound that makes them particularly suitable for a certain type of usage. The whole wipes industry exploits the idea that a separate disposable cloth for every chore exists. I actually find that many of them are exceedingly unnecessary. For example, I wouldn’t choose to buy any houseplant leaf wipes since I wash my plants with soft soap foam under a nice cool shower! And they like it!

So you don’t like to cook? Then this invention is for you! The kit consists of a cardboard sleeve, a plastic tray, a beef burger, a bun, some chips, some tomato sauce and a foil tray to cook everything in. Everything is wrapped separately and put in a box or sachet. But there is more here to throw away than there is to eat, and the use-by date gives you only 24 hours before the whole thing goes in the bin unopened. It seems that ready meal producers think that you have nothing in your kitchen apart from a microwave oven!

Using these makes me want to kill someone! You may also be familiar with this terrible product if you have got a cheap electric lawnmower: steel lawnmower blades have been replaced by disposable plastic ones, and they barely are able to last for 15 minutes. They don’t actually cut the grass but shred it, and only one sort is compatible with your make of the mower. Surprisingly, the label is said to be made from 100% recycled paper.

Do you think it is possible to be 75% organic? I don’t think so! The label on a package of this fresh lettuce says it is 100% organic and invites us to admire its quality. Moreover, it says that it is alive and hydroponic, which is just another way of saying that is grown in water. I don’t immediately understand why that means the lettuce has to be put into a thick plastic, individual box and exported from Canada. Some people are ready to pay more for organic food thinking they are doing so partly out of concern for the environment, but this is not exactly the case.

Ответы:
Упражнение 3. Прочитайте тексты. Найдите и выпишите слова, которые означают:

1. compatible
2. disposable
3. exceedingly
4. recycled
5. refill
6. tray
7. use-by date

Exercise 4. Fill in the words from the box.

1. Yes, I’m buying this vase. Could you ___ it, please?
2. I’ve packed everything for the picnic. We’ve got chips, drinks, some meat and ___ dishes and glasses.
3. I wanted to install this computer game, but it’s not ___ with my computer software.
4. I wanted to apply some ___, but changed my mind – my friend is allergic to it.
5. Have a look, these books are made from ___ paper, but the quality is very good.

Ответы:
Упражнение 4. Заполните пропуски словами из рамки.

1. wrap
2. disposable
3. compatible
4. perfume
5. recycled

Exercise 5. Fill in the articles as necessary.

Alice: You look so tanned in ___ (1) middle of winter! What do you do for that? You look as if you were just from ___ (2) sunny seaside resort.
Monica: I wish it were true. But no, it’s more prosaic. This is ___ (3) artificial suntan – I’ve got it in solarium. It’s available at ___ (4) reasonable charge, and it’s right near my house.
Alice: I’ve never been to a solarium. What’s it like?
Monica: Oh, they can be different. ___ (5) solarium I’ve been to is very small and there is ___ (6) bed there and ___ (7) few bright lamps. You need to lie on your back, with your eyes closed, and than roll around and lie on ___ (8) belly.
Alice: And are you sure that getting tan in a solarium is safe enough? I’m afraid that it can be dangerous for ___ (9) skin, can’t it?
Monica: It certainly can. That’s why it’s very important to make sure that you don’t exceed ___ (10) time recommended for each session. Don’t try to get everything in one time.
Alice: But I heard that ___ (11) safety also depends on ___ (12) equipment used in the solarium. If ___ (13) lamps are old or haven’t been maintained properly, you can be burnt.
Monica: You may be right, to some extent. I know that ___ (14) doctors do not recommend using a solarium very often. But I like it when my skin looks tanned…
Alice: You, probably, can consider using ___ (15) cosmetics instead. You know, there are some creams that can give your skin ___ (16) touch of tan if you use them regularly.

Ответы:
Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикли, где это необходимо.

1. the; 2. a; 3. an; 4. a; 5. The; 6. a; 7. a; 8. the; 9. –; 10. the; 11. –; 12. the; 13. the; 14. –; 15. –; 16. a.

Exercise 6. Fill in the prepositions to complete the expressions. Check your answers in the text.

1. in addition ___ the Convention
2. to engage ___ trading
3. the agreement came ___ force
4. to deal ___ climate change
5. to contribute ___ socio-economic growth
6. changes are required ___ many reasons

The Kyoto Protocol

The Kyoto Protocol is an addition to the United Nations Convention on Climate Change.
Countries which ratify this protocol commit to reducing their emissions of carbon dioxide and five other greenhouse gases. Industrialised countries have specified reduction targets and can engage in emissions trading or what’s being called «Joint implementations». Finally, countries can take part in a third instrument, the «Clean development mechanism».
A total of 141 countries have ratified the Kyoto agreement. Notable exceptions include the United States and Australia. The agreement came into force on February 16, 2005, following ratification by Russia.
The Kyoto Protocol may seem just a small first step to dealing with climate change, but it is significant. We have to find ways to contribute to socio-economic growth and at the same time lower our emissions of greenhouse gases.
But the major changes of our energy systems that are required, are not only to reduce their harmful effects, but also to address the oil shortage, the security of our energy supply, and even world peace.

Ответы:
Упражнение 6. Вставьте предлоги, чтобы дополнить выражения. Проверьте свои ответы по тексту.

1. to
2. in
3. into
4. with
5. to
6. for

Exercise 7. Answer the questions. Present arguments to support your point of view.

1. What do you think is the biggest threat to people today? Is it global war, global warming, diseases, stress, or any other?
2. In what way do you think people can lessen the negative impact of their activity on the environment?
3. What should people do to make your region/city a safer and nicer place to live in?

Exercise 8. Listen to the people and complete the table.

Ответы:
Упражнение 8. Послушайте, что говорят люди, и заполните таблицу.