What official holiday is marked by the union members

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Задание № 24213

1. The Special Day of the Union

2. Rich in languages

3. The Aims of the Union

4. Famous for its Economic Development

5. A Big Sports Event

6. The Union of Independent States

7. The Choice of the Former Colony

8. Literary Awards

A. The British Queen is Head of the Commonwealth (or the Commonwealth of Nations). This organization unites 53 countries, most of which are former British colonies. The countries of the Commonwealth can be found in Africa, Asia, Europe, in the Caribbean and the Pacific Islands. Thirty-one of the members are small countries.

B. After the Olympics, the Commonwealth Games is the second largest sports festival in the world. Only members of the Commonwealth can participate. The Games are held once every four years but only in between the Olympic years. The first Commonwealth Games were held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada. In the Commonwealth Games there are a total of 22 sports and seven para-sports.

C. Jamaica, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean, was the first colony England took by conquest. But it was also the first Caribbean nation to gain independence. This happened in 1962 but the country chose to remain a member of the British Commonwealth. Similar to Canada, Queen Elizabeth II remains the Queen of Jamaica but by tradition only.

D. Singapore is situated in Southeast Asia. It consists of one main island and 63 tiny islands. Most of these islands are deserted. Singapore is a city, the capital and the state at the same time. It is among the 20 smallest countries in the world. However, in spite of its small size, Singapore is the most highly developed nation in the Commonwealth.

E. All the countries of the Commonwealth use English as a common language. However, Cyprus recognizes two official languages: Greek and Turkish. Certainly most locals are able to speak English as the island was colonized by Britain in 1878 and didn’t get independence until 1960. The other languages spoken in the country are Armenian, Arabic, French and German.

F. Commonwealth Day is a day of celebration for all the countries of the Commonwealth. It is held on the second Monday in March every year. Each member of the Commonwealth of Nations celebrates it in its own unique way. In Great Britain a special service is held in Westminster Abbey in London. It is attended by the British Monarch as Head of Commonwealth who delivers a speech. The Monarch’s speech is broadcast throughout the Commonwealth.

G. In 1987, the Commonwealth Foundation set up two prizes for writers: the Commonwealth Book Prize and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize. The first prize is awarded for the best book published in the previous year. It should be the writer’s first book. The second prize is given to the best piece of unpublished short fiction (2000-5000 words).

A — 6 «This organization unites 53 countries, most of which are former British colonies.»

B — 5 «After the Olympics, the Commonwealth Games is the second largest sports festival in the world.»

C — 7 «But it was also the first Caribbean nation to gain independence.»

D — 4 » However, in spite of its small size, Singapore is the most highly developed nation in the Commonwealth.»

E — 2 «The other languages spoken in the country are Armenian, Arabic, French and German.»

F — 1 «Commonwealth Day is a day of celebration for all the countries of the Commonwealth. It is held on the second Monday in March every year. «

G — 8 «The first prize is awarded for the best book published in the previous year».

Ответ: 6574218
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Вариант 26

Раздел 1. Аудирование

Вы услышите четыре коротких диалога, обозначенных A, B, C и D. Определите, где происходит каждый из диалогов. Используйте каждое место действия из списка 1-5 только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее место действия. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 20 секунд, чтобы ознакомиться с заданием.

3. In a classroom

Вы услышите пять высказываний. Установите соответствие между высказываниями каждого говорящего А-E и утверждениями, данными в списке 1-6. Используйте каждое утверждение из списка 1-6 только один раз. В задании есть одно лишнее утверждение. Вы услышите запись дважды. У вас есть 30 секунд, чтоб ознакомиться с заданием.

1. The speaker talks about his/her favourite music instrument.

2. The speaker talks about his/her birthday present.

3. The speaker talks about the musical event he/she has attended.

4. The speaker talks about his/her career plans.

5. The speaker talks about his/her favourite pastime.

6. The speaker talks about his/her favourite rock hits.

В заданиях 3-8 в поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного.

What sport does Neil play regularly?

What season is it now?

Where has Neil’s family chosen to live?

1) They will be living in the same city.

2) They will be living in the same country but in another city.

3) They will be living in another country.

How many people will be living in Neil’s new flat?

What is Neil’s favourite school subject?

1) Creative writing.

2) Science and Technology.

3) Arts and Design.

What pet does Neil have?

Раздел 2. Чтение

1. The Special Day of the Union

2. Rich in languages

3. The Aims of the Union

4. Famous for its Economic Development

5. A Big Sports Event

6. The Union of Independent States

7. The Choice of the Former Colony

8. Literary Awards

A. The British Queen is Head of the Commonwealth (or the Commonwealth of Nations). This organization unites 53 countries, most of which are former British colonies. The countries of the Commonwealth can be found in Africa, Asia, Europe, in the Caribbean and the Pacific Islands. Thirty-one of the members are small countries.

B. After the Olympics, the Commonwealth Games is the second largest sports festival in the world. Only members of the Commonwealth can participate. The Games are held once every four years but only in between the Olympic years. The first Commonwealth Games were held in 1930 in Hamilton, Canada. In the Commonwealth Games there are a total of 22 sports and seven para-sports.

C. Jamaica, an island country in the Atlantic Ocean, was the first colony England took by conquest. But it was also the first Caribbean nation to gain independence. This happened in 1962 but the country chose to remain a member of the British Commonwealth. Similar to Canada, Queen Elizabeth II remains the Queen of Jamaica but by tradition only.

D. Singapore is situated in Southeast Asia. It consists of one main island and 63 tiny islands. Most of these islands are deserted. Singapore is a city, the capital and the state at the same time. It is among the 20 smallest countries in the world. However, in spite of its small size, Singapore is the most highly developed nation in the Commonwealth.

E. All the countries of the Commonwealth use English as a common language. However, Cyprus recognizes two official languages: Greek and Turkish. Certainly most locals are able to speak English as the island was colonized by Britain in 1878 and didn’t get independence until 1960. The other languages spoken in the country are Armenian, Arabic, French and German.

F. Commonwealth Day is a day of celebration for all the countries of the Commonwealth. It is held on the second Monday in March every year. Each member of the Commonwealth of Nations celebrates it in its own unique way. In Great Britain a special service is held in Westminster Abbey in London. It is attended by the British Monarch as Head of Commonwealth who delivers a speech. The Monarch’s speech is broadcast throughout the Commonwealth.

G. In 1987, the Commonwealth Foundation set up two prizes for writers: the Commonwealth Book Prize and the Commonwealth Short Story Prize. The first prize is awarded for the best book published in the previous year. It should be the writer’s first book. The second prize is given to the best piece of unpublished short fiction (2000-5000 words).

Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений 10–17 соответствуют содержанию текста (1 – True), какие не соответствуют (2 – False) и о чём в тексте не сказано, то есть на основании текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3 – Not stated). В поле ответа запишите одну цифру, которая соответствует номеру правильного ответа.

Dmitry Shparo is a famous Russian explorer. He has walked across the Arctic, the North Pole and many other extreme places of the planet. Some of his expeditions have been added to the Guinness Book of World Records.

The famous traveller was born in Moscow, in 1941. In 1956, he entered Moscow State University. Dmitry Shparo wanted to be a mathematician like his mother. While he was a student, he started hiking and cross-country skiing. Dmitry spent all his vacations doing all sorts of adventure hikes. He was especially fond of long and difficult trips in the Far North.

In 1970, Dmitry Shparo, together with his four friends, went on a hike along the Taimyr Peninsula in the north of Russia. They took a lot of pictures on the long, hard trip. Later, their photos were published in the central newspaper. During a meeting with the journalists, the five travellers said: “We shall go to the North Pole!” However, it took them nine years to make their dream come true.

In March 1979, Dmitry Shparo and his team started the expedition to the North Pole. It was a challenging mission. They had to cope with the extreme cold and with the drifting ice that formed huge mountains in their way. In spite of the hardships, it took the brave travellers only two months to get to the North Pole.

Several years later, Dmitry Shparo decided to cross the Arctic to the North Pole. He planned to do it during the Arctic night, in total darkness. It was a dangerous and very hard expedition. The travellers had to cope with drifting, crashing ice and extremely cold temperatures. In spite of all these difficulties, in February 1986, Dmitry Shparo and his team reached the North Pole. The “Arctic Night” journey appears in the Guinness Book of World Records.

In 1989, Dmitry Shparo and his American colleague, Paul Shurke, crossed the Bering Strait that separates Eurasia from America, on dog sleds. Later, in 1998, Shparo and his son, Matvey, were the first Europeans to ski across the Bering Strait, from Russia to North America. That same year, Dmitry Shparo initiated another of his life’s projects. With the help of Canadian Paralympic athlete Rick Hansen he founded the Adventure Club to encourage disabled people to travel. Over the past 20 years the Adventure Club has arranged a lot of different events for disabled athletes and disadvantaged children all around the world. Under Shparo’s personal patronage, blind and deaf people and amputees have reached mountain peaks and crossed deserts, including the frozen ones.

Shparo’s sons, Matvey and Nikita, take an active role in the work of the club. In recent years, the Adventure Club has focused on youth programmes — for example, several youth ecological camps called Great Adventure were organized in Karelia. The club also arranges trips to the North Pole for children.

Dmitry Shparo has published several books about his journeys. The most famous books are: A Way to the North, To the Pole! and Three Mysteries of the Arctic.

Тема / Топик по английскому языку:
Public Holidays in the United Kingdom

There are eight public holidays, or bank holidays, a year in Great Britain, that is days on which people need not go in to work. They are: Christmas Day, Boxing Day, New Year’s Day, Good Friday, Easter Monday, May Day, Spring Bank Holiday and Late Summer Bank Holiday. The term «bank holiday» dates back to the 19th century when in 1871 and 1875 most of these days were constituted bank holidays, that is, days on which banks were to be closed. The observance of these days is no longer limited to banks.

All the public holidays, except Christmas Day and Boxing Day, observed on the 25th and 26th of December respectively, do not fall on the same date each year. Good Friday and Easter Monday depend on Easter Sunday which falls on the first Monday in May. The Spring Bank Holiday is on the last Monday of May, while Late Summer Bank Holiday comes on the last Monday in August.

Most of these holidays are of religious origin, though for the greater part of the population they have long lost their religious significance and are simply days on which people relax, eat, drink and make merry.

Certain customs and traditions are associated with most bank holidays. The reason is that many of them are part of holiday seasons like Easter and Christmas seasons which are religious by origin and are marked by centuries-old traditions.

Besides public holidays, there are other festivals, anniversaries and simply days, on which certain traditions are observed, but unless they fall on a Sunday, they are ordinary working days.

Topical Vocabulary

HOLIDAYS IN THE USA

American holidays are strikingly different in origin and show surprising similarities in the manner of their celebration. No matter what the holiday’s origin is, they all seem to be the same thing. A holiday has simply become, for most Americans, a day off from work, though some (for example, Thanksgiving and Christmas) retain some individuality.

The major holidays in the USA are:

New Year’s Day, January, 1 st :

People stay awake until after midnight on December 31st to «watch the Old Year out and the New Year in.» Many parties are given on this night. Theatres, night clubs, restaurants are crowded.

When midnight comes, they greet the New Year: people gather in the streets of big cities, they ring bells, blow whistles and automobile horns, some shoot off guns and firecrackers.

Valentine’s Day, February, 14 th :

It is not a national holiday. Banks and offices do not close, but it is a happy little festival in honour of St Valentine, patron of sweethearts and lovers. It is widely celebrated among people of all ages by the exchange of «valentines.» A «valentine» may mean a special greeting card or a little present. The greeting cards are often coloured red, have red trimmings and pictures of hearts.

Washington’s Birthday, February, 22 d :

In addition to commemorating the birth of the United States’ first President, it’s a great day for shoppers. The department stores of Washington, DC, stated a national tradition of sales marked by unusual bargains.

It is not a national holiday. Many schools, offices and banks close for this day, some stay open. The US Congress observes the birthday of George Washington with speeches and readings from his works.

Easter:

Easter is in memory of the Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon between March, 22, and April, 25. The 40 days before Easter are called Lent. Just before Easter, schools and colleges usually close. Students have a week or ten days of spring vacation.

Easter is a church holiday, and many churches have an outdoor sunrise service.

People give each other presents of coloured or even decorated eggs which are the symbol of new life. There is a popular belief that wearing three new things on Easter will bring good luck throughout the year.

Memorial Day, May, 30 th :

It is a national holiday. Schools, banks and offices close for the day. On that day, Americans honour the servicemen who gave their lives in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate the cemeteries. They put up the flags on the graves of the army, navy and airmen. They hold memorial services in churches, halls, parks and cemeteries.

In addition to solemn services Memorial Day is often marked by other, more joyful ceremonies: colourful parades, sports competitions.

Independence Day, July, 4 th :

On this day, in 1776, America signed the Declaration of Independence. It is a national public holiday celebrated with fireworks and speeches praising «Americanism, democracy, free enterprise».

Labor Day, the first Monday in September:

Halloween, October, 31 st :

Halloween is the day or evening before All Saints’ Day. Halloween customs date back to a time when people believed in devils, witches and ghosts. They thought that these evil spirits could do all kinds of damage to property. Some people tried to ward off witches by painting magic signs on their barns. Others tried to scare them away by nailing a piece of iron, such as a horseshoe, over the door.

Now most people do not believe in evil spirits. On this day they just have a nice holiday. Children dress up as ghosts and witches and go out into the streets to beg.

They go from house to house and say: «Trick of treat!», meaning «Give me a treat or I’ll play a trick on you». People give them candy, cookies and apples.

A favourite custom is to make a jack-o’-lantem. Children scrape out a pumpkin and cut the outlines of eyes, nose and mouth in its side. They light a candle inside the pumpkin to scare their friends. This custom refers to a man named Jack who still wanders around the earth lighting his way with a pumpkin lantern.

Veterans Day:

On this day, the radio and television broadcast services held at the National Cemetery in Arlington. High officials come from Washington to attend these services.

They place a wreath of flowers at the tomb of the Unknown Soldier. All stand in silence for a few minutes at eleven o’clock to honour the memory of the servicemen killed in the two World Wars.

Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November:

In the USA it is a national holiday. It was first celebrated in 1621 by the Pilgrim Fathers after their first good harvest.

Thanksgiving is a family day, for it is customary for all members of the family to gather at the home of their parents. The family eats a large traditional dinner, usually with turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

Christmas Day, December, 25 th :

It is usually a one-day official holiday, but it is preceded and followed by festive parties, and marked by special church services, gift-giving and feasting.

Christmas is a family holiday. Schools and colleges close between Christmas and New-Year’s Day. People stay at home and spend the time with their families.

Everybody tries to come home for Christmas. People send cards or Christmas greetings to family and friends away from home. Every family tries to have a Christmas tree, which is beautifully decorated. Santa Claus comes from the North Pole in his sleigh, dressed in red cap and jacket, entering the house from chimney. He is a merry and fat individual. He has gifts of whatever kind you may wish for — nothing is too fabulous nor too trivial for him to provide.

HAPPY BIRTHDAY, AMERICA!

July 4m, or Independence Day, is the most important American holiday. It’s the birthday of the United States of America. On this day, in 1776, America signed the Declaration of Independence and started the fight for freedom from British rule.

Before 1776., the King of England, George III, ruled the thirteen colonies in America. The colonists were tired of the taxes that George III imposed on them. «We have no representation in the British Parliament,» they said, «so what right does he have to tax us?» «No taxation without representation» became their battle cry.

In 1767, the British government placed new taxes on tea and paper that the colonists imported from abroad. The colonists got angry and refused to pay. George III sent soldiers to keep order.

In 1773, a group of colonists dressed up as Indians threw 342 chests of tea belonging to the East India Company into the waters of Boston harbour. King George didn’t think it was funny. His reply to this «Boston tea party» was a set of laws to punish the colonists. Boston harbour was closed until the tea was paid for. More soldiers were sent there to keep order.

But the «Intolerable Acts», as the colonists called King George’s laws, served only to unite the colonies against the British rule. The War of Independence began.

On July 4, 1776, the colonists declared their independence from Britain. Led by Thomas Jefferson, the representatives of all thirteen colonies met in Philadelphia to sign the Declaration of Independence. A large part of it was written by Jefferson himself. The document stated that the colonies were now «free and independent states» and officially named them the United States of America. It also said that all men had a natural right to «life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.»

The following day, copies of the Declaration of Independence were distributed and, on July 6, The Pennsylvania Evening Post became the first newspaper to print the extraordinary document. People celebrated the birth of a new nation.

But the War of Independence dragged on until 1783 when the colonists finally won. The head of the Revolutionary army was George Washington, who later became the first President of the United States of America. In 1783, Independence Day was made an official holiday.

Today, the country’s birthday is widely celebrated with parades, public meetings, patriotic music and speech-making. There are picnics and barbecues, and in the evening there are big fireworks shows. Wherever Americans are around the globe, they will get together for a traditional 4th of July celebration!

Official and unofficial holidays of Montenegro

Official and unofficial holidays of Montenegro

The Republic of Montenegro is a beautiful country that is very popular with tourists from all over the world. Today it is a sovereign, rapidly expanding state. The country gained independence relatively recently, only in 2006. Up to this point, Montenegro was part of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (by the way, Montenegro left the federal republic of the latter). Today the capital is the beautiful city of Podgorica, formerly called Titograd. The city boasts beautiful architecture, many historical sites and beautiful nature.

The population is 622,781 people (as of 2016). Most of the population is Montenegrins, who make up 44%, then the most numerous group are Serbs, they occupy 31% in the general structure of the population, 11% are Bosnians (5% of them call themselves Muslims), and about 6% live in the country Albanians, about 1% are Croats and other nationalities. And about 4% of the total population during the last census refused to name their nationality. If we talk about religion, the majority of the population is Orthodox, namely 74%. About 20% of the population are Muslim, 3% are Catholicism, and the rest are other religions or are atheists.

The state language is the Serbian non-Kavkaz dialect. Most of the population considers Serbian to be their native language, only 6% consider Bosniyak as their mother tongue and for 5% of the population Albanian is their mother tongue. The national currency is the euro.

Today, Montenegro is predominantly a tourist country, most of the state revenue comes from tourism. There is an opinion that the Adriatic coast from Montenegro is the cleanest and most picturesque. In 1992, the country acquired the status of an ecological state.

Holidays in the country are divided into state and church, they have official status. Consider the main ones, how they are marked, how they appeared. We will get acquainted with the holidays in chronological order.

New Year

New Year is the most expected holiday in many countries of the world and Montenegro is not an exception. Here it is celebrated on January 1st. The celebration of the Montenegrin beginning of the year is not much different from the celebration in other countries. Lush feasts and loud parties are held here. In December, the cities are transformed, they are beautifully decorated, which creates an atmosphere of magic.

Chicken Christmas

January 2 is the Day of St. Ignatius the God-bearer, it is an unofficial holiday, people also call it Christmas chicken. According to custom, the mistress of the house should get up before anyone else and feed pets, especially chickens. The first stranger who goes into the house is labeled «chicken anointed.» To do this, it is seated on a soft pillow. This is a symbolic act that suggests that the guest will “carry the eggs.”

Tucindan

On January 5, Tuqindan is celebrated, which in translation means Fat Day or Day of Clouds. This is an Orthodox holiday, but it has much in common with paganism. The holiday has been going on since the times of Saint Sava, who was the first archbishop of Serbia. The merit of Sava lies in the fact that he collected and preserved Serbian folk customs in order to help attract more people to Orthodoxy later. It is believed that Tuqindan should not punish or scold children, even if they are guilty of something. If you punish a child, then the whole year he will behave badly. In Tucindan, it is customary to set a rich table, where the main treat is a baked ram or young pig, in some regions they are replaced with baked goose or turkey.

Nativity

Christmas is celebrated on January 7, as in all Orthodox countries. For Montenegrins, Christmas is the holidays of children and parents. The holiday is held around the family hearth, because it is him who must be preserved and cared for by all family members. Families wake up very early and wash with icy water (it is best to prepare water in advance, take it out from under the ice). After washing the rite is performed: every man who lives in the house must go outside and take two badnik twigs (this is a log that is prepared in advance and then burned on Christmas Eve). Badnik twigs are presented to the hostess of the house with wishes of wealth, prosperity, fertility, joy, love, and so on. If the city did not burn logs and there is no badnyak, you can buy a small bouquet of oak branches.

A mandatory element of the celebration of the Nativity of Christ is a visit to the temples, the presence at the festive services. Churches also hold various ceremonies in which parishioners can participate.

The holiday ends in a family circle, behind a magnificent feast. On this day, the mistress must bake pahachi. This is a traditional homemade unleavened cake. The dough for treats is mixed in the morning, a coin made of silver or gold is put inside. After cooking, the pouch is put on the table and waits in the wings until the evening, when the owner of the house breaks it. Each guest takes a piece, and if you hit a coin, you will be the happiest throughout the year.

old New Year

A week at the end of December and 2 weeks of January are full of holidays in Montenegro. This decade ends with the Old New Year, which comes on the night of the 13th to the 14th of January. Earlier, the Julian calendar was used by the Russian Orthodox Church, Jerusalem, Serbian and Georgian. In all these countries, the Old New Year is celebrated. It is worth noting the fact that Switzerland also celebrates this holiday. Serbs believe that this is exclusively their national holiday and call it Christmas Minor.

Easter

Easter is celebrated on April 8, it is an official holiday when citizens rest. Service in honor of the great Easter in monasteries and temples begins early in the morning, at three or four o’clock. Parish churches begin to serve a little later, at 5-6 in the morning. The celebration of Easter is not limited to one day, it lasts for 2-3 days. The customs are similar to the Russians: when they meet, the Montenegrins say “Christ is resurrected”, to which you must answer “Truly Risen.”

Young sunday

Workers’ Day

May 1 in Montenegro, as in Russia, is the day of workers. In Montenegro, this day is more connected with the events in America, when on May 1, 1886, more than 40,000 workers in Chicago organized a labor movement and demanded that the working day be reduced to eight hours. After riots and demonstrations took place in Chicago, Yugoslavia began to celebrate this holiday in honor of all the working people. The first to celebrate May Day were in Croatia and Slovenia, and then the holiday reached Serbia, where it became official since 1893. Montenegrins began to officially celebrate the holiday only in 1918. Today, residents of the country prefer to make Mayday and picnics, to leave the city. Such maevki is called «children’s» because they are accompanied by children’s laughter, fun.

St. Mark’s Day

St. Basil’s Day of Ostrog

Day of the Prophet Jeremiah

On May 14, Montenegrin beauties gather at the home door and begin to sing the christian songs in honor of the holy prophet. Instead of girls, young men can sing chants, they also shout the following: “Jeremiah in the field, run, snakes, in the sea!”.

independence Day

Montenegro’s Independence Day. All citizens of the country could participate in the referendum; more than 86% of the population exercised their right. Of these citizens, the majority, namely, 55% were in favor of recognizing independence. Under current law, union members became independent. After that, the country gained recognition in the international arena. On June 3, 2006, the Parliament declared the country independent, with which the next national holiday is connected.

Today, May 21, mass celebrations are held throughout the country, numerous events are organized.

Independence day

On June 3, the whole world learned about the independence of the picturesque country on the shores of the Adriatic Sea. This holiday, like the Independence Day, is accompanied by festivities and is celebrated on a large scale. After the declaration of independence and recognition of this fact in the international arena, the Constitution of a free sovereign country was adopted, which states that the Montenegrin Republic is a civil state, democratic and independent, sovereign. On June 28, Montenegro became part of the UN and became its 192nd country.

Statehood Day

July 13 is the Day of Statehood. The origins come back in 1878, when the Berlin Congress decided to recognize the country as the twenty-seventh independent state. At the legislative level, the holiday was recognized and decorated only in 2004, but before that the population had been celebrating it annually with merry festivities.

Day of the announcement of the country kingdom.

From the XVI century to the XIX century, Montenegro was the sovereign state, the management here was entrusted to spiritual leaders. The first ruler, who refused from spiritual dignity, was Danilo the First. He was remembered for the first time he became a secular ruler. In 1860, power passed from him to Nicholas the First, who received the status of a prince, and later declared himself Montenegrin king.

In 1910, Nicholas I, wishing to consolidate his own power, declared the country to be royal, and himself her king. After another 4 years, Nicholas I took over the powers of the monarch. When World War I was over, in 1917 its participants signed the Kof Declaration. According to the provisions of this declaration, the Yugoslav lands, Serbia and Montenegro united in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes.

Today, August 28 is not a public holiday, but celebrates throughout the country on a large scale.

Festivals

In addition to official holidays, state and church, in Montenegro, thematic festivals dedicated to various directions are celebrated on a wide scale in Montenegro. It seems that the holidays here last a whole year!

Special attention should be paid to theater and film festivals. For example, at the end of winter a masquerade ball starts in Kotor. April was marked by the festival of the theater “Haps”, as well as the masquerade “Spring night”, which takes place in Budva. In May, TV people from all over the world are attracted by the International Television Festival, in which the best television programs from all over the world are shown to viewers on a huge screen. In May, the Montenegrins are having fun at a carnival with the beautiful name “The Beauty of the Mediterranean”. On this day, the whole city is transformed, hundreds of participants from Montenegro, Macedonia, the Czech Republic and other countries, including Russia, make a carnival procession.

April and May are associated with the Kinotavrik International Children’s Art Festival. As part of this event, a platform is being organized for communication, consolidation and further cooperation for children aged 5-17 years. Every year, representatives of various countries, ethnic groups and denominations take part in the Kinotavrik. Children demonstrate their talents in various fields: dancing, vocals, cinema, playing musical instruments and so on.

And all summer, from the beginning of June until the end of August, representatives of art from all over the world come to Kotor. All of them want to become participants of the international famous festival “Kotor Art”. Here, the actors of various stage genres are happy to present their creations. In another city, Budva, the Star Bridge festival is taking place at this time. Both adults and children can take part in it, as long as they are over 7 years old and under 30 years old. Participants compete for the title of the best in several categories: fashion, dance, theater, playing musical instruments, dance, and so on. Star Bridge has an epic conclusion. The festival’s finale is a gala concert, which all residents and visitors of the city can see when visiting the main city square.

With particular trepidation and love in Montenegro relate to events that have a gastronomic theme. For example, during the grape harvest, specific cities dedicated to wine are held in all cities. In neighboring Serbia, the famous “In Vino” takes place at this time, in which more than 100 wine houses annually participate. «In Vino» attracts a solid audience of visitors, more than five thousand people. At the festivals dedicated to wine, you can meet both professional producers of this drink, and ordinary connoisseurs who want to enjoy the taste, take part in the celebration.

The nature and conditions of Montenegro are very diverse. Doing sports here is a pleasure, literally all the conditions have been created for this. For this reason, Montenegrins often organize sports competitions and events dedicated to a healthy lifestyle. For example, in April, the cycling competition “On the roads of Tsar Nicholas” takes place (the action takes place in Montenegro itself, as well as in Italy). May attracts the attention of the Montenegrin Mountaineering Cup. Equestrian games are also very popular, most often they are held in the city of Lubichevo. And in the very middle of summer, July 22, they will organize a traditional swim in boats. It is held in a picturesque place: the waters around the island «Lady Rock».

As you can see, in Montenegro, both state and church holidays are celebrated today. The population remembers its history, important dates and events, while confidently looking ahead and building a modern state.