What state does the capital of the usa washington belong to

Washington

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Washington, constituent state of the United States of America. Lying at the northwestern corner of the 48 conterminous states, it is bounded by the Canadian province of British Columbia to the north, the U.S. states of Idaho to the east and Oregon to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The capital is Olympia, located at the southern end of Puget Sound in the western part of the state. The state’s coastal location and excellent harbours give it a leading role in trade with Alaska, Canada, and countries of the Pacific Rim. Washington cities have sister cities in several countries, and their professional and trade associations commonly include Canadian members.

The terrain and climate of Washington divide the state into a rainy western third and a drier eastern two-thirds in the rain shadow of the Cascade Range. Western Washington industries depend on agriculture, forests, and fisheries and imported raw materials, whereas eastern Washington is mainly agricultural, producing wheat, irrigated crops, and livestock. Most of the people live in the highly urbanized area around Puget Sound that includes Seattle, Everett, Tacoma, and other cities. Area 71,298 square miles (184,661 square km). Pop. (2020) 7,705,281.

Relief and drainage

Washington has seven physiographic regions. In the northwest the Olympic Peninsula borders the Pacific Ocean south of the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Dense rainforests extend along the western slopes of the rugged Olympic Mountains, which rise to 7,965 feet (2,428 metres) on Mount Olympus.

The Willapa Hills parallel the coast from Grays Harbor to the Columbia River in the southwest. Gentle forested slopes descend to an indented Pacific coastline and, north and east of the hills, to the fertile Chehalis and Cowlitz valleys.

The Puget Sound Lowland stretches southward from Canada between the Olympic Mountains and the Cascade Range to join the valleys of the Chehalis and Cowlitz rivers, which form an extension to the Columbia River. Deep waters and fine harbours in Puget Sound, together with relatively flat terrain along its shores, favour the densest population and greatest commercial development in the state.

The Cascade Range, east of the Puget Sound Lowland, has the state’s highest elevations. Its chain of volcanic peaks includes 14,410-foot (4,392-metre) Mount Rainier, the fifth highest peak in the conterminous United States. Mount St. Helens, located in the Cascades near the Oregon border, erupted violently in 1980 and blasted away its volcanic cone, reducing the mountain’s elevation from 9,677 feet (2,950 metres) to 8,363 feet (2,549 metres). The highest peaks of the Cascades have permanent glaciers.

Occupying most of central Washington, the Columbia basin is surrounded by the Cascades to the west, the Okanogan Highlands to the north, uplands to Idaho to the east, and the Blue Mountains to the southeast. It is a basalt plateau lying at an elevation of about 1,000 to 2,500 feet (300 to 750 metres) and is drained by the Columbia River and its main tributary, the Snake. Glaciation, flooding, and wind have shaped diverse landforms, although the general appearance is that of a large interior plain.

The Okanogan Highlands, in the northeast, are an extension of the Rocky Mountains. Their north-south ranges, with summits that rise to more than 7,000 feet (2,100 metres), are separated by glaciated trenches. Most of the state’s metallic ores are found in this region.

The Blue Mountains, which extend into Washington from Oregon, consist of uplifted plateaus and ranges in the southeastern corner of the state. Gentle slopes and broad valleys descend from 6,000-foot (1,800-metre) heights to the Columbia basin. Outliers to the west comprise the Horse Heaven Hills and Rattlesnake Hills.

Soils

The most productive soils in Washington are those of the river floodplains along with the weathered basalts and windblown silts of the Columbia basin. In wetter areas acidic soils support forests, but the driest regions east of the Cascades have sparse plant life and require irrigation for agriculture. The fine-textured sandy soils of the Big Bend and Palouse areas are susceptible to erosion by wind and water. Topsoil loss through the use of mechanized agriculture has emerged as a major environmental problem.

Climate

Prevailing westerly winds and the influence of the Pacific Ocean dominate the climate of Washington, although the Cascades barrier creates significant differences between western and eastern regions. The west has milder conditions than any other part of the United States at the same latitudes. Seattle has average January temperatures in the low 40s F (about 5 °C) and average July temperatures in the mid-60s F (about 19 °C). Annual precipitation on the Pacific side of the Olympic Peninsula exceeds 150 inches (3,800 mm), but places on the northwest of the peninsula receive less than 20 inches (500 mm) a year. Typical annual totals in the Puget Sound Lowland range between 30 and 40 inches (750 and 1,000 mm). The Cascades receive more than 100 inches (2,500 mm) of precipitation annually.

East of the Cascade Range, seasonal temperature variations are greater, but the Rocky Mountains shield the region to some extent from cold Canadian air masses in winter. Maximum summer temperatures usually exceed 100 °F (38 °C) a few days each year. Spokane’s January average temperatures are in the mid-20s F (about −4 °C); July average temperatures are about 70 °F (21 °C). Annual precipitation is about 17 inches (430 mm) in Spokane but less than 8 inches (200 mm) in the lower Yakima valley.

Throughout the state precipitation is greatest in the cooler months, when a succession of cyclonic storms move inland from the northern Pacific, sometimes with gale-force winds. Rain falls on a great number of days even in areas that are relatively arid, such as in the west. The occasional outbreaks of continental air from the north or northeast may reach the outer coast, bringing freezing conditions in winter or hot, dry air that increases the danger of forest fires in summer.

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Washington, the capital of the United States is situated on the Potomac River in the District of Columbia. The district is a piece of land which does not belong to any one state but to all the states. The district is named in honor of Columbus, the discoverer of America.

Washington was founded in 1791 for the purpose of serving as the capital of the United States of America. George Washington chose the place located midway to keep at close touch as possible between the states. Washington is quite new as it didn’t exist for two hundred years. The population of the city is nearly million people. It is not a very large city, but it is very important as the capital of the USA. There is a law in Washington against building structures higher than the Capitol; therefore it presents a different appearance from New York with its skyscrapers.

Washington has many historical places. The largest and tallest is the Capitol, where the Congress meets. It is a very beautiful building with white marble columns. Not far from the Capitol is the Library of Congress. It holds five million books.

The White House, the residence of the president is the oldest public structure in the capital and one of the most beautiful. It was built in 1799. It is a two storied white building. It is said that in 1812 when England was at war with America the British entered the city and some of the buildings, including the Capitol and the house of the president were set on fire. Two years later in order to hide the marks of the fire, the brown stone walls of the president’s home were painted white and it has been the White House ever since.

Not far from the Capitol is the Washington monument, which looks like a very big pencil. It rises 160 meters and it is empty inside. A special lift brings visitors to the top in 70 seconds from where they can enjoy a view of the city.

The Jefferson Memorial was built in memory of the third President of the USA Thomas Jefferson, who was also the author of the Declaration of Independence. The Memorial is surrounded by cherry trees.

The Lincoln Memorial is devoted to the memory of the sixteenth President of the USA, the author of the Emancipation Proclamation, which gave freedom to Negro slaves in America.

Вашингтон, столица Соединенных Штатов находится на берегу реки Потомак в округе Колумбия. Район является земельный участок, который не принадлежит к какой-либо одной государства, но для всех государств. Район назван в честь Колумба, первооткрывателя Америки.

Вашингтон был основан в 1791 году с целью служения в столице Соединенных Штатов Америки. Джордж Вашингтон выбрал место, расположенное на полпути, чтобы в тесном контакте как можно между государствами. Вашингтон является достаточно новым, как это не существует в течение двухсот лет. Население города составляет около миллиона человек. Это не очень большой город, но это очень важно, так как в столице США. Существует закон в Вашингтоне против строительных конструкций выше, чем Капитолий; Поэтому он представляет собой иной вид из Нью-Йорка с его небоскребами.

Вашингтон имеет много исторических мест. Самый большой и самый высокий в Капитолий, где конгресс встречается. Это очень красивое здание с белыми мраморными колоннами. Не далеко от Капитолия является Библиотека Конгресса. Он содержит пять миллионов книг.

Белый дом, резиденция президента является старейшим общественная структура в столице и один из самых красивых. Он был построен в 1799 году Это двухэтажный белое здание. Он сказал, что в 1812 году, когда Англия была в состоянии войны с Америкой британский вошли в город и некоторые из зданий, в том числе Капитолия и дома президента были подожжены. Два года спустя, чтобы скрыть следы пожара, коричневые каменные стены дома президента были окрашены в белый цвет, и она с тех пор Белый дом.

Не далеко от Капитолия в Вашингтоне памятник, который выглядит как очень большой карандаш. Она поднимается на 160 метров и он пуст внутри. Особое лифт приносит посетителей на вершину в 70 секунд, откуда они могут наслаждаться видом на город.

Мемориал Джефферсона был построен в память о третьей президента США Томаса Джефферсона, который был также автором Декларации независимости. Мемориал окружен вишневыми деревьями.

Мемориал Линкольна посвящен памяти шестнадцатого президента США, автора Прокламации об освобождении, которое дало свободу негров-рабов в Америке.
Переводчик в помощь ^.^

History of Washington, D.C.

The creation of Washington

Washington was established as the capital of the United States as the result of a compromise following seven years of negotiation by members of the U.S. Congress as they tried to define the concept of a “federal enclave.” On July 17, 1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which created a permanent seat for the federal government. George Washington, the country’s first president (1789–97), carefully chose the site, which is on the Potomac River’s navigation head (to accommodate oceangoing ships), and near two well-established colonial port cities, George Town (now Georgetown, a section of the city of Washington) and Alexandria, Va. This location bridged the Northern and Southern states, but Washington called it “the gateway to the interior” because he hoped it would also serve to economically bind the Western territories to the Eastern Seaboard—the Tidewater and the Piedmont regions—and thereby secure the allegiance of the frontier to the new country.

The new federal territory was named District of Columbia to honour explorer Christopher Columbus, and the new federal city was named for George Washington. In 1790 French-born American engineer and designer Pierre Charles L’Enfant was chosen to plan the new capital city; meanwhile, surveyor Andrew Ellicott surveyed the 100-square-mile (260-square-km) territory with the assistance of Benjamin Banneker, a self-educated free Black man. The territory surveyed by Ellicott was ceded by Maryland, a slave state, and Virginia, the Southern state with the largest slave population, thus contributing to a significant Black presence in Washington.

Growth and change

Between 1830 and 1865 tremendous changes occurred in Washington, beginning with the arrival of Pres. Andrew Jackson (served 1829–37), who brought with him a retinue of new civil servants—beneficiaries of the “spoils system” who introduced democratizing social changes to the workplace and the community. Challenges were plentiful: the local economy was unstable; silt in the Potomac River restricted navigation; the construction of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal was delayed; and epidemics were common. When railroads reached the city in the 1830s, a flood of tourists came with them, as did a proliferation of congressional spouses, who forever changed Washington’s social scene. Major construction projects for three federal buildings located just blocks apart in Downtown Washington (the Department of the Treasury, the General Post Office, and the Patent Office [the last is now part of the Smithsonian Institution]) also began in the 1830s.

During the American Civil War, the city was never far from the front lines, if only because Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital, was so close. Following the assassination of Pres. Abraham Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre just days after the war’s end, Washington was plunged into a state of unprecedented desperation and despair.

In the years following the Civil War, the capital was slowly transformed into a showplace. Two factors contributed to this change. First, in 1871 self-government was granted for the first time to Washingtonians. Under the new territorial government, which lasted just three years, numerous city improvement projects were undertaken: modern schools and markets were erected, streets were paved, outdoor lighting was installed, sewers were built, and more than 50,000 trees were planted. The price for these improvements, however, was far more than Congress had anticipated. The new territorial government was short-lived, but Congress was required to complete the projects. Second, beginning in the 1880s, a number of newcomers arrived in Washington from across the country. Many of them were affluent intellectuals and lobbyists. This new “elite” made Washington their part-time home during the winter social season. Members of the old Washington society became known as “Cave Dwellers,” a local term for descendants of the original families of the area. They generally still keep within their own social circles.

Washington’s character improved significantly with the completion of the Washington Monument in 1884, the Library of Congress in 1897, and, beginning in the late 1890s, the proliferation of social organizations, private clubs, and formal societies for the arts. In 1901 the Senate Park Commission (also known as the McMillan Commission) offered comprehensive and resolute recommendations for revitalizing and beautifying Washington, advocating that no undertaking “be allowed to invade, to mutilate, or to mar the symmetry, simplicity, and dignity of the capital city.” The new plans were stunning, but years would pass before any of them could be realized.

Презентация была опубликована 7 лет назад пользователемАрина Шмакова

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2 The State of Washington is located in the northwest of the United States. Washington, D.C., is located on the East Coast. It was chosen by George Washington as the permanent site for our nations capital on December 1, Washington is situated on the banks of the Potomac river. The two letters D. and C. stand for the District of Columbia. This district is a small piece of land that does not belong to any state. It owes its name to Columbus, the discoverer of America. Washington cannot compete with New York or Los Angeles. Its population is less than a million people. It does not produce anything either. So what makes Washington so important? It is its so called only industry – the U.S. government. Washington is the place where the key political buildings in America are situated. The only president who never lived there is George Washington, because at the time of his presidency the White House was not built yet. The Capitol is the place where laws are made. American Senates sittings take place there. The Capitol is also the tallest building in Washington. There will never be any skyscrapers build in this city, because the Capitol should always remain the tallest building there. There are a lot historical monuments and places of interest in Washington. Most of them are devoted to the history of American presidency. Among them: The Washington Monument, the Jefferson Memorial and the Lincoln Memorial.

3 My friends, you have read the text Washington D.C. Translate from English into Russian, orally and then answer the questions please: 1.What does «D.C.» stand for? 2.Who was the first person to be elected the president of the United States? 3.Where are laws interpreted? 4.Where can you get information about special activities at the Washington museums? 5.Where is the State of Washington located? 6.Where was George Washington born?

4 Chose the correct answer. Do not consult the text 1)What is the capital of the United States called? a) New York b) Washington c) London 2) Which state does Washington D.C. belong to? a) none b) Washington c) Texas 3)What does D.C. stand for? a) Divine Capital b) District of Columbia c) East Coast 4)When was the capital of the USA founded? a) December, 1 b) December, 31 c) January, 1 5)In whose honor w as the Lincoln Memorial built? a) Thomas Jefferson b) Abraham Lincoln c) Bill Clinton 6) Where can you see the history of flight? a) in « The Castle» b) in the National Air and Space Museum c) in the Jefferson Memorial 7) What documents freed the blacks in the south from slavery? a) The Declaration of Independence b) The Bill of Rights c) The Emancipation Proclamation

5 Visitors Guide. Welcome to Washington, D.C.

6 The White House. The beautiful home of every President of the United States, except the first president, George Washington. This is the oldest public building in Washington, D.C., and has the most famous address in the United States – 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. Consists of 132 rooms. Open for tours 10:00 a.m. to noon. Tickets available at 8:00 a.m. (first come, first served). McPherson Square Metro Station.

7 United States Capitol The tallest building in Washington, D.C., and the most famous building in the United States, because this is where laws are made. The Capitol is surrounded by a beautiful garden with many trees and flowers. Tours daily: 9:00 a.m. – 3:45 p.m. Capitol South Metro Station.

8 Washington Monument. This monument was built in honor of George Washington. It is 555 feet tall and provides a panoramic view of Washington, D.C., via elevator. Open daily, 8:00 a.m. to midnight. Last elevator ride at 11:45 p.m. located south of the White House. Smithsonian Metro Station.

9 The National Mall and Museum The National Mall is the area between the Capitol and the Washington Monument. Bikeways, footpaths, information kiosks, and refreshment stands are located on the Mall. Nine of the Smithsonian museums and the Smithsonian Information Center are located here. The museums contain many historical objects and great works of art.

10 Read the following sentences out loud and make your own judgment whether they are true, falshe()then correct them All president of the United States live in the Capitol. The Capitol is the tallest building in Washington, D.C The White House is surrounded by a beautiful garden. The White House consists of 132 rooms.

The city of Washington, the capital of the United States of America is located in the District of Columbia (DC for short). Many people consider Washington DC to be one of the most beatiful cities in the world. It is filled with many parks, wide streets and impressive buildings. In the centre of the city, in Capitol Park, visitors’ eyes focus on the Capitol, where Congress convince to pass laws.

Many visitors come to Washington DC to see the White House. It is the greatest attraction for many of them. The White House, the official residence of the President, is situated at 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. The largest room in this building of over the hundreds room is the East Room, scene of many state receptions, balls and musicals. Other famous rooms are: the Green Room, the Blue Room, the Red Room, which are used for afternoon teas and for receptions held before state dinners.The Blue Room, the most formal of these «colors» room is an oval-shaped room connecting the Green and the Red Rooms. On the second floor, the floor with the family quarters and quests rooms, is the Lincoln Room, which one served as an office for president Lincoln but today serves as an honor guest room. In this room Lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation of 1863.

Other landmarks in Washington DC include memorials to three Presidents: The Washington Memorial, The Lincoln Memorial and The Jefferson Memorial; The Library of Congress, The National Gallary of Art, The John F. Kennedy center for the Perfoming Arts.

The Capitol is in the very center of Washington. It is located on the Capitol Hill, the highest point in the city. The Capitol is the highest building in Washington. There is a law in Washington not to build buildings higher than the Capitol. The corner stone of the Capitol was laid by George Washington on Sep 18th, 1793. The Capitol is the seat of the goverment of the United States of America.