Did you know that there are people are paid to predict the future

Can You Predict the Future?

Have You Ever Wondered.

Today’s Wonder of the Day was inspired by Tatiana. Tatiana Wonders, “Can people tell the future” Thanks for WONDERing with us, Tatiana!

Do you love to watch movies? Who doesn’t, right? As you watch a movie, you often think ahead, WONDERing what’s about to happen next. Some of the best movies surprise us with things we never saw coming.

Of course, some people, such as fortune tellers, claim that they can see and accurately predict the future. Have you ever predicted something was going to happen and then it did? Most of us have, but if we’re honest, our prediction was probably the result of a good guess based upon available data and past experiences rather than a vision of the future.

Some people even get paid to predict the future. For example, have you ever thought about what a tough job the weatherman has? Scientists called meteorologists make a living trying to predict what the weather is going to be like for the next few days, weeks, or months.

Would you want a job that required you to predict the future with some degree of accuracy? There are many other types of jobs in the world today that require people to think critically about the future and try to forecast what’s likely to happen in a number of different ways.

Financial analysts, for example, collect a large variety of data to try to predict what stock prices will do in the short- and long-term. Their analysis is relied upon by thousands of people who invest money for others. A correct prediction can make — or lose! — millions of people billions of dollars.

So how do people with these types of jobs handle the pressure? No, they don’t rely upon a crystal ball. Most of them rely on data — and lots of it! — to make educated guesses about the future.

As any person who regularly tries to predict the future can tell you, the past is an important tool in determining what will happen in the future. It’s past experiences that can be collected in the form of data to calculate probabilities of certain events happening in the future.

Whether you know it or not, you’ve calculated odds and made good guesses about future behavior based upon past experiences. It’s just human nature. For example, if your neighbor walks her dog every single morning at 6am, you can probably make a fairly accurate guess that tomorrow morning at 6am she’ll be walking her dog.

Is this because you can see and predict the future? Nope! You just know, based upon past experiences, what is likely to happen. Maybe she’ll feel tired tomorrow and walk the dog later. Or perhaps she’ll skip a day. Those are possibilities, but the odds are that she’ll walk the dog at 6am like she does every day.

So see? Predicting the future is a little less mysterious than it might first seem. All you need is some historical data and some basic mathematical skills and you, too, can make some good educated guesses about what’s likely to happen in the future. Replace that crystal ball with a calculator and start looking forward!

Standards : CCRA.L.3, CCRA.L.6, CCRA.R.1, CCRA.R.2, CCRA.R.4, CCRA.R.10, CCRA.SL.1

Wonder Contributors

We’d like to thank:

Isabella and ALIVIA
for contributing questions about today’s Wonder topic!

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— what people travel for;

— why people choose different means of transport;

— why some people are afraid to fly;

— what your attitude to travelling is.

Millions of people all over the world travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and ancient towns. They travel not only for a change of sense but also to enjoy picturesque places. I believe it is really interesting to discover new places, meet unusual people, get acquainted with various exciting cultures and nations, try different food and listen to brand new musical rhythms.People choose one mean of transport to their liking, as all of them have advantages and disadvantages. Usually, people travel by train, by boat, by plane or by car. If you want to get somewhere as quickly as possible the best way is to travel by plane. Time passes quickly and we can enjoy every moment. But many people are very nervous passengers in aeroplanes, probably because these passengers have no control over their fate in this case. They know they cannot change anything in case of emergency and this makes the flight uncomfortable for them. I prefer to travel by plane, as I believe that it is the safest form. I try to enjoy every moment and learn a lot of new things every time I have a trip. My life is impossible without travelling.

Sports in Russia

— what sports are popular in Russia;

— why people choose different kinds of sport;

— what famous Russian sportsmen you know;

— what your attitude to sport is.

Our country is famous in the world for being strong in sport. Russian people love various kind of sports, but the most popular sport in Russia is football. We could see how many people supported the national team during FIFA World Cup 2018.

There are other popular sports in our country, that make it very successful in the field. A lot of people play ice hockey, bandy, tennis, rugby, volleyball, do gymnastics and acrobatics. Some of my friends are really keen on figure skating, that I suppose to be an extremely beautiful, but dangerous kind of sport. Everything is a matter of taste. All people choose the kind that suits them better. I personally prefer tennis and I have a great example of successful tennis player to look up to, Maria Sharapova. She is one of ten women, and the only Russian, to hold the career Grand Slam. She is also an Olympic medalist, having won silver in women’s singles at the 2012 Summer Olympics in London. Moreover she is has a mentor women entrepreneurs programme. Her example motivates me and I try hard to achieve success in every field.I like sport so much that I cannot imagine my life without it.

National food in Russia

— what national food is popular in Russia;

— what Russian food can be really specific for foreigners;

— what the traditional dishes in your family are;

— what your attitude to national food is.

Russia is a huge country and that is why our cuisine is a rich collection of diverse cooking traditions. Our national food has its peculiarities due to the severe climate in winter and various forests rich in all kinds of berries and mushrooms in summer. Traditional Russian dishes are often made of vegetables, dairy products, poultry, meat, fish and various corps. Some food can be really specific for foreigners, as Russian cuisine is very famous for the variety of soups: borscht (red beetroot soup), ukha (fish soup), shchi (cabbage soup). Traditional Russian drinks are hot black tea with honey or home-made jam, kvas (a drink made of rye bread), compote (stewed fruit drink). Even though our cuisine is rich in specific dishes, my family prefers traditional ones. We like shchi, roast meat, baked potatoes and vegetables, cakes and pies. My mother likes to bake, so there is always something tasty at home.

I believe that Russian people have always been known for their hospitality. We are happy to welcome guests with tasty dinners with a lot of food on the table. I am proud of our national food and every time recommend foreign tourist to try unusual dishes.

Choosing a career

— how people choose a career;

— when people usually begin making plans for the future;

— how we can prepare for the future profession;

— what your choice of future profession is.

Finishing school millions of young people begin their independent lives. They usually start making their future career choices from finding out all the possible advantaged and disadvantages of their future profession. Some people follow their own choice, at the same time others follow their parents` advice.

As far as I know, people usually begin making plans for the future asking themselves: “What do I want to be when I grow up/ leave school?” We can address this question as many times as necessary until we have a definite answer. Then we can consider all the details and start preparing for the future profession. First of all, your job should seem interesting to you. I believe that an exciting job that you like is a very important component of happiness in life. Secondly, you should understand what skills and knowledge you need to have to do the job. You must be well-educated and well-informed. That is the reason why people should be attentive and careful in their choices, being able to study and work hard to succeed.

I have already decided what to do. I would like to become a doctor. This profession is very noble and highly respectful. I understand that I need to be good at biology and chemistry, to become a good doctor and help people who have problems with health.

— why education is important;

— how long compulsory education in Russia is;

— what your favourite subject is;

— what your ideas of your future job are.

It is a well-known fact that education can help us form a personality and prepare for adulthood. A lot of countries consider the educational system a very important part of their national politics.

Everyone in the Russian Federation is guaranteed the right to education. We have a broad system of compulsory education, so you have to study for nine years to get the school-leaving certificate. To enter the university one has to study two years more and pass special state exams, called SATs(Unified State Examination). These exams are really difficult and one needs to invest a lot of efforts in the process of preparation to get the best result. I have already decided which subjects I will prepare for in the future because I like them. Russian, Mathematics, History, Social Studies, Literature and English are fields of science that seem to be exciting to me. My future job will be connected with all of them, as I want to become a teacher. Teaching seems one of the greatest of all the arts to me. It is a great responsibility to teach somebody and a deeply respected job.

Learning foreign languages

— why it is important to learn foreign languages;

— what spheres English is important in;

— how popular English is;

— what methods you use to learn foreign languages.

The problem of learning foreign languages is very important nowadays. Various foreign languages are socially demanded as our world is constantly changing and we need to keep up with this progress. Languages are needed as the most efficient means of information exchange between people in the world.

English is the main language of the world today. I suppose it is the language of media, trade, cultural relations, science, technology, business and the major language of diplomacy.

As far as I am concerned English is spoken by more than 400 million people. Geographically, it is the most widespread language of our planet. It is the official language of different countries, such as the UK, the USA, Australia and New Zealand. English is also used as one of the official languages in different countries. Besides, millions of people study English as a foreign language. In our country it is extremely popular. There is no universal or ideal method of learning a new language, because everybody has their own ways. I like reading books in the original, listening to music, talking to native speakers, getting new information about the culture and history. I understand that one must work hard to succeed and enjoy the process.

— which household duties teenagers usually have;

— what household duties are easy;

— what household duties seem difficult;

— what duties you like to do.

I believe that all teenagers have different household duties. Although some lazy and stubborn teenagers avoid doing some extra work. I believe that teenagers who help their mothers with cleaning and washing are reliable and well-bred. When you help your family you care about them at the same time becoming more responsible and even hard-working. You work on your discipline and keep your home tidy.

Some duties, such as shopping, doing beds and washing up are considered to be easy. Difficult duties that teenagers usually try to avoid doing are dusting out the carpets, vacuuming the floors, polishing the furniture. Some of my friends like cooking and help their mothers with meals, but I consider this duty a very complicated one. I am not a good cook, but my pancakes are really tasty. I can also fry or boil something, but I don`t like cooking every day. My favourite duty is to iron clothes. It is a kind of meditation for me. I can listen to music and dance while ironing clothes, that is why my family members are always glad to get rid of such duty and give this responsibility to me.

— what people are concerned about air and water;

— what the consequences of water pollution are;

— what people should do if they want to live on the Earth;

— what your attitude to the problems of environmental pollution is.

In our modern world people are concerned about air and water pollution, because they are only two resources that cannot belong to any particular country. In both of the air and the water scientists find a lot of pollution every year. The consequences of such problems are sometimes unpredictable. I am also concerned about the future of our planet and read a lot about the current ecological situation. I know, that the consequences of water pollution are terrible. If a ship loses some of oil in the water of the ocean many fish and birds die because of the polluted water. Other fish can get contaminated and then fisherman catch such fish. As a result we may buy them in our local supermarket and may get sick from eating them. The problem is very important and we should find a way to protect the water, as it is our vital resource.

If we want future generations to live in the same beautiful world we live in, or in a healthier better world, we should learn to protect not only the water, but also the air and the earth from pollution.

I am trying to take care of the environment and follow the trend of zerowaste. We are responsible for our wastes and we can try to reduce it. Every kind of pollution affects the balance of nature, so we should take care of it.

— why science is important in the modern world;

— how science helps peace in the world;

— how science helps solve the energy problem;

— what your attitude to the importance of science for the understanding of the natural world is.

Science is important to a lot of people in the modern world for a number of reasons. I believe it can help us in the understanding of technology and of the world.

The study of science also provides people with an understanding of natural world. Various scientists are studying different aspects of human biology and the origin of natural events.I believe that such studies can help to improve our lives,as science can help people find their ways in the rapidly changing world.

— what kind of sports they include;

— what athletes can take part in the modern Olympic Games;

— why people think that the Olympic Games are important;

— What your attitude to the modern Olympic Games is.

The Olympic Games have a very long history. As far as I know they began in Greece in ancient times and a lot of people were involved in the games. The ancient list of kind of sports included running, wrestling, boxing, discus throwing, the pentathlon and so on. Modern list includes various kinds such as jumping, basketball, volleyball, hockey, swimming and other popular kinds. Many nations of the world support their athletic teams during the competitions. There are two types of games: Olympic winter and summer games.

Only amateurs or non-professional athletes can take part in these games. Each country should send a team of the best athletes and the whole nation supports them. The winners of each event are given not only certain number of points, but also some prizes and medals.

The Olympic games are extremely popular nowadays, that is why a lot of people consider them to be important. These games provide us an opportunity to meet like-minded people, get acquainted with foreigners and learn something new. Moreover, the International Olympic Committee decides where each Olympics will be held and ask different cities to be hosts. It can help in resolving the national economic problems or just to broaden the horizons of some nations. That is why I like The Olympic Games. They unite the world and remind us about the importance of peace.

— what types of shops you know;

— how often you go shopping with your family;

— what type of shops you like most of all;

— what type of shopping you prefer (online/offline). Why?

There are many kinds of shops in every city. People go to various types if they need something in particular. We go to a butcher`s for meat, a baker`s for bread, a greengrocer`s for fruit and vegetables, a grocer`s for sugar, tea, salt, coffee. I am a sweet tooth and I really like to go to a confectioner`s.

Nowadays small shops are not so popular, as you can go to a big mall or a department store and find all possible kinds of food and goods there. Various supermarkets offer people everything they need to buy.

My family goes to the supermarket every weekend. We usually go there on Saturday or Sunday and buy everything we need for a week or at least a few days.The choice of goods in local supermarkets is impressive and we usually enjoy our family shopping.

I prefer big department stores,as I like buying clothes,books and cosmetics. I fully realize that online shopping is convenient nowadays, but I prefer to see and touch the goods in real life.

— what school you go to;

— how many days a week you go to school and how many lessons a day you have;

— what your favourite subject is;

— what extra subjects should be studied at school.

My school is a relatively big quite modern three-storeyed building. More than 800 students study here. Our school is famous for its strict discipline and high-quality education.

I go to school six days a week. Every day lessons start at nine o`clock. We usually have 6 lessons a day, and they are over at two in the afternoon.

My schedule is often very busy. I have a lot of homework and it takes me several hours a day to complete all the tasks. Sometimes I have to prepare a report, to translate some texts from Russian to English and vice versa, to learn some poems or articles by heart. All the tasks should help me to develop and master my skills in different fields. But my favourite subject is English. I like to learn new words and grammar, take part in various discussions, set up some role-plays. I always feel at home at English lessons, enjoying every activity and trying my best to be very attentive during the lesson.

Our school curriculum includes ordinary subjects like Russian, Mathematics, Literature, Biology, Geography and so on. I wish we also had some extra subjects, that can broaden our horizons, for example an orchestra, art club, out- of- class activities connected with Physics, Chemistry and ICT.

— what proves that the Russians are a reading nation;

— what kind of information most papers and magazines contain;

— what kind of mass media modern teenagers enjoy reading;

— what kind of mass media you prefer.

It is a well-known fact that the Russians are a reading nation, as it is impossible to imagine our life without news, newspapers, magazines and books. Millions of copies of them appear every day, and they are usually sold really quickly.

Most newspapers contain news, reviews of books, films and events, art and TV shows, sports events covers, detailed articles on international and home affairs. The majority of magazines contain news about celebrities, reviews of various events and a huge number of detailed articles on different aspects of daily life. The most common thing for mass media nowadays is the big amount of advertisements everywhere.

I believe that it is quite easy to find newspapers and magazines for teenagers, but I don’t think that they read paper versions a lot. We have the Internet access nearly everywhere, that is why a lot of magazines and newspapers have on-line, or so-called digital versions. When young people read such mass media sources they learn much about every day life all over the world. Some people read foreign magazines and learn a lot of English phrase and words.

I am the one, who prefers digital magazines and newspapers, that are better than my newsfeed on any social network. I prefer reading English versions of my favourite magazines, they help me master my skills and broaden my horizons.

— which holiday you like best;

— what modern teenagers usually do in summer;

— why some people prefer to travel during their holiday;

— what your idea of an ideal holiday is.

Russian students have 4 holidays a year. Autumn and spring holidays are very short, but winters are a little longer and usually connected with the New Year celebration. Summer holidays are the longest. They are my favourite, as they last three months. I have a lot of free time and can do various things. I sometimes prefer travelling and going on excursions with my friends.

There are a lot of things modern teenagers usually do in summer. The majority of my friends travel with their families, visiting the places of interest and having a chance to learn a lot of new things and people.

I know that travelling is one of the most wonderful ways of spending your free time. People do it not only for a change, but also for educational purposes.

However, some people prefer staying at home and find different ways of entertainment. My friends also like to sit on the coach at home and watch films. By the end of our summer they can talk about a huge amount of films and TV series.

My ideal holiday can seem quite unusual. I like to spend my summer at my grandparents, where I can go to the forest, pick mushrooms and berries, go swimming in the lake. I feel happy when I can spend my holiday in the country and enjoy the fresh air.

— Tastes differ. How people choose their hobbies;

— what hobbies modern teenagers usually take up;

— how you usually spend your leisure time;

— how your hobby can help you to learn new things.

A hobby is something people enjoy doing when they have free time. I believe it is something done entirely for pleasure. All the kinds of hobbies differ like tastes and we can imagine that people choose their hobbies only according to their characters and interests.

My peers usually take up blogging as a hobby, as they see a lot of successful examples on the Internet. Some years ago computer games were very popular, but I don`t think that this kind of hobby is as popular now as it used to be.

Making things, including drawing, knitting, designing, painting, making sculptures, handicrafts is also extremely popular. Some teenagers try to create something special and promote it on Instagram, for example. There are some cases, when teenagers became rich young businessman.

I prefer spending my leisure time reading and listening to the books and watching various movies and videos. My dream is to collect a valuable library, where on can find different types of books for all tastes. My hobby gives me the opportunity of learning the world and the people, broadening my horizons and awareness and opening various new worlds.

Theatre and cinema

— what kind of entertainment( cinema/theatre) is more popular now;

— what famous Russian theatre you know;

— why people like going to the cinema;

— what your favourite theatre /cinema is. Why?

Various kinds of entertainment are popular now, but theatre is surely less popular than cinema. Theatre lost a great deal of its attraction not only because of the popularity of cinema and the number of websites where you can watch some videos online, but also because the tickets are very expensive. As a result a visit to any of famous theatres has become a luxury for the majority of people.

However, I believe that the theatre is an inseparable part of intellectual life of our country. There are some world-famous theatres in Russia. People who prefer theatre to cinema are called theatre-goers, and they can every time find a theatre according to their tastes. Those, who love opera and ballet go to Mariinsky opera house or Maly opera house. People fond of drama visit the Bolshoi Drama Theatre and Alexandrinsky Theatre. Musical lovers go to Music Hall.

A lot of new theatres and studios appear every year. I understand that nowadays one can choose a something that will meet all the tastes.

I am not a regular theatregoer, but I sometimes go to Musical Hall. It is not only because of its festive atmosphere, but also the interior, wonderful company and interesting performances. I try to follow my friends` and parents` recommendations when I choose which ticket to buy. I have never regretted doing so, as my friends and parents know a lot about theatre and enjoy this kind of entertainment. Sometimes a good comedy helps in getting rid of negative emotions, so going to the theatre absolutely worth it.

The protection of the environment

— what the word «ecology» means;

— what pollutes the Nature;

— what the main ecological problems are;

— what measures should be taken to protect the Nature.

Ecology is a very popular word today, but not a lot of people understand its real meaning. As far as I know this science studies the relationships between various forms of life with its environment. Different ecologists analyze and make unusual researches to help people become aware and take care of our planet.

For thousands of years people live in harmony with the environment and some believe that the resources of the Nature have no limit. This stereotype seems to be the obstacle and can lead to a lot of mistakes.

Our negative influence on the Nature began to increase with the industrial revolution, as various by-products of people`s activity such as wastes and steams pollute the air and the water.

— why a lot of people like to get a good education;

— what problems of misunderstanding modern teenagers have;

— how people choose their friends;

— who can help modern teenagers solve their problems.

People say that youth is probably the best time of your life. As any precious thing it has 2 sides: on the one hand youth is connected with romance, discoveries, emotions, love and so on, on the other hand it can be a difficult time of important decisions that can influence on the future.

A lot of my friends understand that getting a good education is necessary for successful future. Planning the future teenagers think about a possibility of finding a job after finishing their education, but the most difficult thing is to choose the job and the field to their liking. It can lead to misunderstanding with their parents and friends. The typical problem is called “nobody understands me”. Sometimes the parents treat their children as if they are little kids, do not give them enough freedom and pocket money.

Friends are also very important for young people. Some friends stay with us forever, some grow apart, but we should have something in common, share some interests and views.

All in all we need to try to solve all the problems through discussions. One can be young only once,so it is better to enjoy youth while it lasts.

A healthy lifestyle

— what good and bad habits people have;

— what a healthy way of life is;

— what people should do to keep fit;

— what your attitude to a healthy lifestyle is.

Nowadays people are more health-conscious than they used to be. Probably it is connected with the power of mass media or with the deep understanding that good health is even more important than wealth.

A healthy way of life is a philosophical issue. Some people believe that to be healthy you should only avoid different bad habits, like smoking or drinking alcohol. I want to add some more habits, that can affect our health. Such habits like eating junk food, overeating, skipping meals can cause various diseases. That is why I believe that healthy diet is the basis of healthy lifestyle.

The only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is going in for sports and enjoy it. One can become a stronger, healthier and happier person.

Some more important aspects are the amount of time people sleep and spend time in the open air. People say it is useful to take a stroll before going to bed, air the room and then sleep no less than 8 hours.If we want to do well we should follow such recommendations.

I personally believe that discipline and regularity in life can help to promote our health. I even have a special habits’ tracker that helps me and encourages building new healthy habits. To sum it up, I think that proper sleep, regular exercises and healthy diet are really the best way to live.

— how many people in Russia use the Internet nowadays;

— what the Internet allows people to do;

— how the Internet will change our world;

— what your attitude towards the Internet is.

Just 20 years ago very few people in Russia knew about the Internet. Now the majority of Russian citizens cannot imagine their lives without it.

The development of the Internet brought people a lot of new opportunities. Nowadays people are not only able to find a job online, but to work online, travelling and earning money at the same time. Moreover, the Internet allows a huge amount of talented people to show their achievements to the whole world.

Some people predict that the Internet possibilities may be even frightening. It is a well-known fact, that most of the world`s money is stored in computers. There is a risk that some clever hackers are likely to use the Internet to steal it.

One more important thing, predicted by some experts, is that the information wars of the future may be fought on Websites and nobody can protect us from the complications and consequences.

I am not addictive, but I cannot imagine my life without the Internet. It offers me great opportunities and I try to use the best of them.

Actuariesdid you know that there are people ( are paid to predict the future? they’re called’actuaries’. i’d never heard of actuaries until my friend greg, ( mother is an actuary, toldme about them. it’s a job (3). sounds quite interesting. actuaries usually work for companies, like insurance companies, (4) deal with the chancesof things happening in the future. actuaries have to decide how probable it is that something will happen. for example, it’s more probable that buildings will be flooded in places (5) it rains a lot. greg’s mum, (6) has been an actuary for about five years, is involved with car insurance. in an office (7) they decide how much car insurance people should pay. it’s moreprobable that a car (8) new is safer and more reliable than a very old car, so people ( cars are new pay less insurance. if there are drivers (10). she thinks willprobably have more accidents, she makes them pay more insurance! ​

Ответы на вопрос

the sahara desert is in the north of africa between mountains, the sea and a very long river called the nile. (пустыня сахара на севере африки, между гор, моря и длинная реканазывается нил.)

during the year lots of people from all over the world visit the sahara desert. they come in groups in big cars. they all have cameras and take lots of photos.(в течение года множество людей со всего мира посещают пустыне сахара.они приходят в группы в больших автомобилях. все они имеют камер и взятьмного фотографий.)

не многие люди живут в пустыне, потому что это такой сложной обстановке.несколько люди переезжают из одного из пустыни к другому с ними верблюды и козы.)

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Actuariesdid you know that there are people ( are paid to predict the future? they’re called’actuaries’. i’d never heard of actuaries until my friend greg, ( mother is an actuary, toldme about them. it’s a job (3). sounds quite interesting. actuaries usually work for companies, like insurance companies, (4) deal with the chancesof things happening in the future. actuaries have to decide how probable it is that something will happen. for example, it’s more probable that buildings will be flooded in places (5) it rains a lot. greg’s mum, (6) has been an actuary for about five years, is involved with car insurance. in an office (7) they decide how much car insurance people should pay. it’s moreprobable that a car (8) new is safer and more reliable than a very old car, so people ( cars are new pay less insurance. if there are drivers (10). she thinks willprobably have more accidents, she makes them pay more insurance! ​

Ответы

two hundred and seven point six

1. the boys are playing football now. they are tired. they have been playing football an hour and a half.

2) tom began talking on the phone an hour ago. i think he should finish. he has been talking on the phone for more than an hour already.

3) roy came to see the dentist at nine o`clock. it is 9: 30 now.

roy has been waiting for the doctor since 9: 00 a.m.

4) colin became a professor in 1998. he has been working at the university since he became a professor.

5) the greens went to canada last summer. they are living in canada now. they have been living in canada for about a year.

В сборник включены типовые задания, многие из которых входили в экзаменационные тесты на недавних вступительных экзаменах.

I. Обведите кружком номер правильного ответа.

II. Раскройте скобки, заполнив пропуски нужными грамматическими формами.

1. The car by my mother when it by a bus. My brother and to hospital.

2. The doctor warned me that I better unless I sensibly.

3. Despite police investigations, the murder a mystery up to now.

4. The marathon runner for almost two hours when he to the pavement. He received immediate medical attention.

— No. Nor last month. I know I irresponsible about paying my bills right now, but I’ve been really busy. I’ll take care of them soon. Generally, I an irresponsible person.

— She might to leave it behind.

7. I wonder why there television when you

you ought on with your work?

8. Kimora is a Japanese student who English in the United States for about six months. Last Saturday she to the home of one of her

American friends, Jason, who Kimora to have dinner with him and his friends.

9. When I left the airport, John and his wife to the customs official. They some difficulty over their passports.

10. I don’t remember of the decision to change the company policy on holidays. When was it decided?

III. Переведите с русского языка на английский следующие предложения.

1. Прожив в Лондоне семь лет, моя подруга привыкла разговаривать по-английски со своими одноклассниками.

2. В прошлом году я жил недалеко от своей школы, и мне не приходилось вставать так рано, как сейчас.

3. Отец сказал, что не знает, когда вернётся из командировки, но пообещал, что, как только он вернётся, купит нам новый лазерный принтер.

4. Никто из нас не ожидал, что наши школьные друзья приедут так скоро. Им следовало нас предупредить.

— Извините, вы не могли бы зайти за ними через полчаса? Их только что напечатали. Их сейчас просматривают.

6. Моя мама предложила, чтобы я купил себе новые часы, так как мои часы отставали на три минуты.

7. Едва я вошла в квартиру, как раздался телефонный звонок. Это была моя сестра, которая сказала, что только что приехала в Москву, чтобы осмотреть достопримечательности города.

9. Мы были уверены, что чем больше мы платим за гостиницу, тем лучше обслуживание, но мы ошибались.

10. Кому из твоих друзей продиктовали домашнее задание, после того как раздали учебники?

IV. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие за ним вопросы, обведя номер

правильного варианта кружком.

Recent technological advances in manned and unmanned undersea vehicles along with

breakthroughs in satellite technology and computer equipment have overcome some of the limitations of divers and diving equipment. Without a vehicle, divers often became sluggish and their mental concentration was limited. Because of undersea pressure that affected their speech organs, communication among divers was difficult or impossible. But today, most oceanographers make direct observations by means of instruments that are lowered into the ocean, from samples taken from the water, or from photographs made by orbiting satellites. Direct observations of the ocean floor are made not only by divers but also by deep-diving submarines and aerial photography. Some of the submarines can dive to depths of more than seven miles and cruise at depths of fifteen thousand feet.

In addition, radio-equipped buoys can be operated by remote control in order to transmit information back to land-based laboratories, often via satellite. Particularly important are data about water temperature, currents and weather. Satellite photographs can show the distribution of sea ice, oil slicks, and cloud formations over the ocean. Maps created from satellite pictures can represent the temperature and the color of the ocean’s surface, enabling researchers to study the ocean currents. Furthermore, computers help oceanographers to collect and analyze data from submarines and satellites. By creating a model of the ocean’s movement and characteristics, scientists can predict the patterns and possible effects of the ocean on the environment.

Recently, many oceanographers have been relying more on satellites and computers than on

research ships or even submarine vehicles because they can supply a greater range of information more quickly and more efficiently. Some of mankind’s most serious problems, especially those concerning energy and food, may be solved with the help of observations made possible by this new technology.

1. With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?

a. Technological advances in oceanography

b. Communication among divers

c. Direct observation of the ocean floor

d. Undersea vehicles

2. Divers have had problems in communicating underwater because

a. the pressure affected their speech organs

b. the vehicles they used have not been perfected

c. they did not pronounce clearly

d. the water destroyed their speech organs

3. This passage suggests that the successful exploration of the ocean depends upon

a. vehicles as well as divers

b. radios that divers use to communicate

c. controlling currents and the weather

d. the limitations of diving equipment

4. Which of the following are NOT shown in satellite photographs?

a. The temperature of the ocean’s surface

b. Cloud formations over the ocean

c. A model of the ocean’s movements

d. The location of sea ice

5. According to the author, what are some of the problems the underwater studies may eventually

a. Weather and temperature control

b. Food and energy shortages

c. Transportation and communication problems

d. Overcrowding and housing problems

1. was being driven; was hit; was badly injured; was taken

2. would not get; ate

4. had been running; collapsed

5. am being; am not

7. you are sitting; watching; know; to be getting

8. has been studying; went; invited ( had invited )

9. were still talking; seemed to be having

I. Обведите кружком номер правильного ответа.

1. At the end of the financial year the company announced huge.

2. The whole problem has its. in the late 1980s.

3. » I’m afraid that the book is out of. sir. I could try to get it for you.»

4. Managers claim we are in desperate. of greater investment in our industries.

5. My employer’s. of my work does not matter to me at all.

6. I should like to. your attention to the new parking regulations.

7. Because his argument was so confusing. people understood it.

8. I have posted my application. for a driving licence.

9. After leaving school, he tried to. a living as a car salesman.

10. You look worried. What’s on your.

II. Раскройте скобки, заполнив пропуски нужными грамматическими формами.

1. We first to Cornwall in 1980 and we back every year since then.

2. When I Helen last night she her report and she when I finally to her house.

— There a loud explosion in Baker Street. You must it.

4. The car when I arrived to collect it.

5. You know, something me that you to a single word I in the past ten minutes!

6. My father is going to retire in two years’ time and then we to the country providing we to find a small house near the town within our price. I am sure I my friends at first.

7. Dr. Wilson is a brilliant and dedicated scientist who had expected as the director of the institute. He was very surprised not the position.

8. I heard someone the door and it behind them. Who could it be?

9. I used to the saying that » children should be seen and not heard «.

I that way and then I tried my children that way. Now I see my daughter her children almost anything they want.

10. When we arrived, we into the hall. As the guests assembled in the room, it was obvious that they carefully.

III. Переведите с русского языка на английский следующие предложения.

1. Наш новый дом был гораздо больше того, в котором мы жили раньше. Мы переехали к десятому июня и пригласили наших друзей на новоселье (house-warming party).

2. Елене пришлось сказать ему, что он не прав, хотя ей это было очень неприятно.

3. На собеседовании (interview) меня спросили, откуда я родом, где я работал и каковы мои планы на будущее.

4. Чем больше времени вы будете проводить на свежем воздухе, тем лучше вы будете себя чувствовать.

5. Ты не возражаешь, если я посмотрю последние фотографии, которые ты на днях сделал?

6. Мария предложила мне взять с собой как можно больше тёплой одежды, но посоветовала упаковать её только в одну сумку.

7. Прежде чем мы начали делать упражнения, нам объяснили новое правило и продиктовали несколько примеров.

8. Джон поинтересовался, может ли он попросить меня никому ничего не рассказывать об этом инциденте.

9. Хотя Анна выглядит очень молодо, она в два раза старше моей семнадцатилетней сестры.

— К сожалению, пока у меня не было времени посмотреть их по телевизору.

IV. Прочтите текст и ответьте на следующие за ним вопросы, обведя номер

правильного варианта кружком.

Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of

pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and, therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a byproduct of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it. Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is, therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection. Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased. Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same ways that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily, and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase, affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other.

1. Which of the following is the author’s main point?

a. Noise may pose a serious threat to our physical and psychological health.

b. Loud noises signal danger.

c. Hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal health problem.

d. The ear is not like the eye.

2. According to the passage, what is noise?

a. Unwanted sound

b. A byproduct of technology

c. Physical and psychological harm

3. Why is noise difficult to measure?

a. It causes hearing loss.

b. All people do not respond to it in the same way.

c. It is unwanted.

d. People become accustomed to it.

4. It can be inferred from this passage that the eye

a. responds to fear

b. enjoys greater protection than the ear

c. increases functions

d. is damaged by noise

5. According to the passage, people respond to loud noises in the same way that they respond to