Is it shark said brody the possibility that

Exercise II. Indicate the type of climax.

Exercise II. Indicate the type of climax.

Pay attention to its structure and the semantics of its components:

1. He saw clearly that the best thing was a cover story or camouflage. As he wondered and wondered what to do, he first rejected a stop as impossible, then as improbable, then as quite dreadful. (W.G.)

He wondered and wondered. As impossible, then as improbable, then as quite dreadful. It is an emotive climax.

2. “Is it shark?” said Brody. The possibility that he at last was going to confront the fish — the beast, the monster, the nightmare — made Brody’s heart pound. (P.B.)

The beast, the monster, the nightmare. It is an emotive type of climax.

3. If he had got into the gubernatorial primary on his own hook, he would have taken a realistic view. But this was different. He had been called. He had been touched. He had been summoned. (R.W.)

He had been called. He had been touched. He had been summoned. It is a quantitative types of climax.

4. We were all in аll tо one another, it was the morning of life, it was bliss, it was frenzy, it was everything else of that sort in the highest degree. (D.)

It was the morning of life, it was bliss, it was frenzy, it was everything else. It is a quantitative types of climax.

5. Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside. (D.)

Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb. It is also a quantitative types of climax.

6. “I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry to leave you, my friend.” (D.)

I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry. It is an emotive type of climax.

7. “Of course it’s important. Incredibly, urgently, desperately important.” (D.S.)

Incredibly, urgently, desperately. It is an emotive type of climax.

8. “I never told you about that letter Jane Crofut got from her minister when she was sick. He wrote Jane a letter and on the envelope the address was like this: Jane Crofut; The Crofut Farm; Graver’s Corners; Sutton County; New Hampshire; United States of America.” “What’s funny about it?” “But listen, it’s not finished: the United States of America; Continent of North America; Western Hemisphere; the Earth; the Solar System; the Universe; the Mind of God — that’s what it said on the envelope.” (Th.W.)

The United States of America; Continent of North America; Western Hemisphere; the Earth; the Solar System; the Universe; the Mind of God. It is an emotive type of climax.

9. “You have heard of Jefferson Brick, I see. Sir,” quoth the Colonel with a smile. “England has heard of Jefferson Brick. Europe has heard of Jefferson Brick.” (D.)

“England has heard of Jefferson Brick. Europe has heard of Jefferson Brick.” It is a quantitative types of climax.

10. After so many kisses and promises — the lie given to her dreams, her words, the lie given to kisses, hours, days, weeks, months of unspeakable bliss. (Dr.)

Hours, days, weeks, months. It is an emotive type of climax.

11. For that one instant there was no one else in the room, in the house, in the world, besides themselves. (M.W.)

In the room, in the house, in the world. It is an emotive type of climax.

12. Fledgeby hasn’t heard of anything. “No, there’s not a word of news,” says Lammle. “Not a particle,” adds Boots. “Not an atom,” chimes in Brewer. (D.)

“No, there’s not a word of news,” says Lammle. “Not a particle,” adds Boots. “Not an atom,” chimes in Brewer. It is an emotive type of climax.

13. Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can discover everything except the obvious. (O.W.)

There is an anticlimax. They can discover everything except the obvious.

14. This was appalling — and soon forgotten. (G.)

There is an anticlimax. To stress the abruptness of the change emphatic punctuation (hyphen) is used between the ascending and the descending parts.

15. He was unconsolable — for an afternoon. (G.)

There is an anticlimax. It suddenly interrupted by an unexpected turn of the thought which defeats expectations of the reader.

16. In moments of utter crises my nerves act in the most extraordinary way. When utter disaster seems imminent, my whole being is simultaneously braced to avoid it. I size up the situation in a flash, set my teeth, contract my muscles, take a firm grip of myself, and without a tremor always do the wrong thing. (B.Sh.)

I size up the situation in a flash, set my teeth, contract my muscles, take a firm grip of myself. It is a quantitative types of climax.

При копировании любых материалов с сайта evkova.org обязательна активная ссылка на сайт www.evkova.org

Сайт создан коллективом преподавателей на некоммерческой основе для дополнительного образования молодежи

Сайт пишется, поддерживается и управляется коллективом преподавателей

Telegram и логотип telegram являются товарными знаками корпорации Telegram FZ-LLC.

Cайт носит информационный характер и ни при каких условиях не является публичной офертой, которая определяется положениями статьи 437 Гражданского кодекса РФ. Анна Евкова не оказывает никаких услуг.

Английский язык: кульминация (climax). Учебное пособие Борисова Е., Кулинич М., Перова Р.

Кульминация – прием стилистики в английском языке.Кульминация может быть качественной и количественной. Описание приема в данной статье не приводится, но мы сделали акцент на примерах с переводами.

Укажите вид кульминации: качественный (I), количественный (II). Обратите внимание на структуру и семантические компоненты предложений при переводе с английского на русский язык.

Примеры кульминации (climax)

Exercise II. Indicate the type of climax. Pay attention to its structure and the semantics of its components:

He saw clearly that the best thing was a cover story or camouflage. As he wondered and wondered what to do, he rejected a stop as impossible, then as improbably, then as quite dreadful. (W.G.) Он четко видел, что самое лучшее было лишь прикрытием, камуфляжем истории. Он сомневался и сомневался, что же делать. Его первая зацепка, отвергнутая им, была невероятной, неправдоподобной и наконец, ужасающей. (I) – качественный вид кульминации

“Is it shark?” said Brody. The possibility that he at last was going to confront the fish – the beast, the monster, the nightmare – made Brody’s heart pound. (P.B.) «Акула?» – спросил Броди. Сама возможность, что в конце концов ему предстояло побороться с рыбой, тварью, монстром, ужасом, – заставила сердце Броди бешено стучаться. (I) – качественный вид кульминации

If he had got into the gubernatorial primary on his own hook, he would have taken a realistic view. But this was different. He had been called. He had been touched. He had been summoned. Если бы его приняли в губернаторскую партию, под свою (его) ответственность, он бы всецело себя проявил. Но получилось по-другому. Его позвали. На него указали. Его вызвали. (II) количественный вид кульминации

We were all in all to one another. It was the morning of life, it was bliss, it was frenzy, it was everything else of that sort in the heist degree. (D.) Мы устали друг от друга, то было утро новой жизни, блаженственое безумие и многое другое, от чего аж в жар бросает. (II) количественный вид кульминации

Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside. (D.) Темница – словно колодец, склеп, гробница – не знает, что такое солнечный свет. (II) – количественный вид кульминации

I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry to leave you, my friend. (D.) Я буду сожалеть, действительно сожалеть, что покину вас, мой друг. (I) – качественный вид кульминации

Of course it s important. Incredibly, urgently, desperately important. (D.S.) Конечно это важно. Невероятно, экстренно, безнадежно важно. (I) – качественный вид кульминации

“I never told you about that letter Jane Crofut got from her minister when she was sick. He wrote Jane a letter and on the envelope the address was like this: Jane Crofut; The Crofut Farm; Graver’s Corners; Sutton, County; New Hampshire; United States of America.” “What’s funny about it?” “But listen, it’s not finished: the United Statesof America; Continent of North America; Western Hemisphere; the Earth; the Solar System; the Universe; the Mind of God – that’s what it said on the envelope.” (Th.W.) Я никогда не рассказывала тебе о письме Джейн Крофул, поступившего от ее священника, когда она была больна. Он написал письмо Джейн, а на конверте был указан адрес: Джей Крофурд, Грэйвек Корнер, графство Саттон, Нью-Гэмпшир, Соединенные Штаты Америки. Что смешного? Но послушай, это еще не все: Соединенные Штаты Америки; континент Северная Америка, западное полушарие Земли, Солнечной Системы, Вселенной, Разума Господнего – вот, что было написано на конверте. (I) – качественный вид кульминации. (Из Кухаренко В.А. Практикум з стилістики англійської мови: Підручник. – Вінниця. «Нова книга»).

Перевод кульминации с английского на русский, примеры

“You have heard of Jefferson Brick, I see. Sir,” quoth the Colonel with a smile. “England has heard of Jefferson Brick. Europe has heard of Jefferson Brick.” (D.) «Вы слышали о Джефферсон Брик, я так понимаю, Сэр», – процитировал полковник с улыбкой. «Англия слышала о Джефферсон Брик. Европа слышала о Джефферон Брик». (II) – количественный вид кульминации

After so many kisses and promises – the lie given to her dreams, her words, the lie given to kisses, hours, days, weeks, months of unspeakable buss. (Dr.) После всех поцелуев и обещаний, ложь, что принесла ей мечты, слова, поцелуи, часы, дни и недели, месяцы блаженства, которое и словами не передать. (I) – качественный вид кульминации

For that one instant there was no one else in the room, in the house, in the world, besides themselves. (M.W.) Посему, в одно мгновенье, кроме них не оказалось никого в комнате, доме, мире. (I) – качественный вид кульминации

Fledgeby hasn’t heard of anything. “No, there’s not a word of news,” says Lammle. “Not a particle,” adds Boots. “Not an atom chimes in Brewer. (D.) Фреджеби не слышал ничего. «Не намека на новость», – произнес Ламоль. «Не частички», – добавил Батос. «Не крупиночки», присоединился Бревер. (I – качественный вид кульминации)

Women have a wonderful instinct about thinks. They can discover everything except the obvious. (O.W.) У женщин есть потрясающий природный дар. Они могут догадаться о чем угодно, за исключением, вещей очевидных. Anticlimax

This was appalling – and soon forgotten. (G.) Это было настолько ужасно, что забылось сразу. Anticlimax

Здесь другие статьи по приемам стилистики: оксюмарон, разрыв, интрига, инверсия.

ASSIGNMENTS FOR SELF-CONTROL. 1. Comment on linguistic properties of sentences which are foregrounded in lexico-syntactical stylistic devices.

1. Comment on linguistic properties of sentences which are foregrounded in lexico-syntactical stylistic devices.

2. What do you know about antithesis? Why is it viewed separately from parallel constructions?

3. Have you ever met, in your home-reading, cases of antithesis in which the structure of a word was also used in the creation of the SD?

Another type of semantically complicated parallelism is presented by climax, in which each next word combination (clause, sentence) is logically more important or emotionally stronger and more explicit: «Better to borrow, better to beg, better to die!» (D.) «I am firm, thou art obstinate, he is pig-headed.» (B.Ch.) If to create antithesis we use antonyms (or their contextual equivalents), in climax we deal with strings of synonyms or at least semantically related words belonging to the same thematic group.

The negative form of the structures participating in the formation of climax reverses the order in which climax-components are used, as in the following examples: «No tree, no shrub, no blade of grass that was not owned.» (G.) It is the absence of substance or quality that is being emphasized by the negative form of the climax, this is why relative synonyms are arranged not in the ascending but in the descending order as to the expressed quality or quantity. Cf.: «Be careful,» said Mr. Jingle. «Not a look.» «Not a wink,» said Mr. Tupman. «Not a syllable. Not a whisper.» (D.)

Proceeding from the nature of the emphasized phenomenon it is possible to speak of logical, emotive or quantitative types of climax. The most widely spread model of climax is a three-step construction, in which intensification of logical importance, of emotion or quantity (size, dimensions) is gradually rising Step by step. In emotive climax though, we rather often meet a two-step structure, in which the second part repeats the first one and is further strengthened by an intensifier, as in the following instances: «He was so helpless, so very helpless.» (W.D.) «She felt better, immensely better.» (W.D.) «I have been so unhappy here, so very very unhappy.» (D.)

Climax suddenly interrupted by an unexpected turn of the thought which defeats expectations of the reader (listener) and ends in complete semantic reversal of the emphasized idea, is called anticlimax. To stress

the abruptness of the change emphatic punctuation (dash, most often) is used between the ascending and the descending parts of the anticlimax. Quite a few paradoxes are closely connected with anticlimax.

Exercise II. Indicate the type of climax. Pay attention to its structure and the semantics of its components:

1. He saw clearly that the best thing was a cover story or camouflage. As he wondered and wondered what to do, he first rejected a stop as impossible, then as improbable, then as quite dreadful. (W.G.)

3. If he had got into the gubernatorial primary on his own hook, he would have taken a realistic view. But this was different. He had been called. He had been touched. He had been summoned. (R.W.)

4. We were all in аll tо one another, it was the morning of life, it was bliss, it was frenzy, it was everything else of that sort in the highest degree. (D.)

5. Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside. (D.)

6. «I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry to leave you, my friend.» (D.)

7. «Of course it’s important. Incredibly, urgently, desperately important.» (D.S.)

9. «You have heard of Jefferson Brick, I see. Sir,» quoth the Colonel with a smile. «England has heard of Jefferson Brick. Europe has heard of Jefferson Brick.» (D.)

11. For that one instant there was no one else in the room, in the house, in the world, besides themselves. (M.W.)

12. Fledgeby hasn’t heard of anything. «No, there’s not a word of news,» says Lammle. «Not a particle,» adds Boots. «Not an atom,» chimes in Brewer. (D.)

13. Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can discover everything except the obvious. (O.W.)

16. In moments of utter crises my nerves act in the most extraordinary way. When utter disaster seems imminent, my whole being is simultaneously braced to avoid it. I size up the situation in a flash, set my teeth, contract my muscles, take a firm grip of myself, and without a tremor always do the wrong thing. (B.Sh.)

Дата добавления: 2016-03-27 ; просмотров: 1654 ; ЗАКАЗАТЬ НАПИСАНИЕ РАБОТЫ

Find examples of inversion and detachment in W. S. Maugham’s novel “Theatre”.

Analyze cases of inversion and detachment. Make the sentences sound neutral by restoring the word order

1. She narrowed her eyes a trifle at me and said I looked exactly like Celia Briganza’s boy. Around the mouth. (S.)

2. He observed it all with a keen quick glance, not unkindly, and full of rather of amusement than of censure. (V.W.)

3. She was crazy about you. At the beginning. (R.W.)

4. I have been accused of bad taste. This disturbed me not so much for my own sake (since I am used to the slights and arrows of outrageous fortune) as for the sake of criticism in general. (S.M.)

4. On, on he wandered, night and day, beneath the blazing sun, and the cold pale moon; through the dry heat of noon, and damp cold of night; in the grey light of morn, and the red glare of eve. (D.)

5. Benny Collan, a respected guy, Benny Collan wants to marry her. An agent could ask for more? (T.C.)

6. Women are not made for attack. Wait they must. (J.C.)

7. Out came the chase – in went the horses – sprang the boys – in got the travelers. (D.)

8. Then he said: “You think so? She was mixed up in this lousy business? (J.B.)

9. And she saw that Gopher Prairie was merely an enlargement of all the hamlets which they had been passing. Only to the eyes of a Kennicot was it exceptional.

Paper 11

1. What group do ellipsis, aposiopesis and represented speech belong to?

2. What SDs are based on the stylistic use of interrogative and negative constructions?

3. What is the difference between ellipsis and aposiopesis?

4.Find examples of represented speeh,rhetorical questionsin W. S. Maugham’s novel “Theatre”.

Discuss different types of stylistic devices dealing with the completeness of the sentences

1. In manner, close and dry. In voice, husky and low. In face, watchful behind a blind. (D.)

2. His forehead was narrow, his face wide, his head large, and his nose all on one side. (D.)

3. A solemn silence: Mr. Pickwick humorous, the old lady serious, the gentleman cautious and Mr. Miller timorous. (D.)

4. He, and the falling light and dying fire, the time-worn room, the solitude, the wasted life, and gloom, were all in fellowship. Aches, and dust, and ruin! (D.)

5. I am a horse, doctor, animal man. Do some farming, too. Near Tulip, Texas.

6. This is a story how a Baggins had an adventure. He may have lost the neighbours’ respect, but he gained – well, you will see whether he gained anything in the end. (A.T.)

8. “He was shouting out that he’d come back, that his mother had better have the money ready for him. Or else! That is what he said : “Or else! It was a threat.”

9. “Listen, I’ll talk to the butler over that phone and he’ll know my voice. Will that pass me in or do I have to ride on your back?”

11. And it was unlikely that anyone would trouble to look there – until – well.

Analyze the structure and the functions of litotes

1. “To be a good actress, she must always work for the truth in what she’s playing” the man said in a voice not empty of selflove.

2. “Yeah, what the hell”. Anne said and looking at me, gave that not unsour smile”. (R.W.)

3. It was not unnatural if Gilbert felt a certain embarrassment. (E.W.)

4. The idea was not totally erroneous. The thought did not displease me. (I.M.)

5. I was quiet, but not uncommunicative; reserved, but not reclusive; energetic at times, but seldom enthusiastic. (Jn.B.)

6. He had all the confidence in the world, and not without reason. (J. O’H)

7. Kirsten said not without dignity: “Too much talking is unwise”. (Ch.)

8. “No, I’ve had a profession and then a firm to cherish,” said Ravenstreet, not without bitterness. (P.)

Paper 12

1. What are the types of climax?

2. What is anticlimax?

3. What is the function of anticlimax?

4. What is suspense and how is it technically organized?

Find and analyze cases of suspense and climax. Indicate the type of climax

1. “Is it shark?” said Brody. The possibility that he at last was going to confront the fish – the beast, the monster, the nightmare – made Brody’s heart pound.

2. We were all in all to one another, it was the morning of life, it was bliss, it was frenzy, it was everything else of that sort in the highest degree.(D.)

3. How many pictures of new journeys over pleasant country, of resting places under the free broad sky, of rambles in the fields and woods, and paths not often trodden – how many tones of that one well-remembered voice, how many glimpses of the form, the fluttering dress, the hair that waved so gaily in the wind – how many visions of what had been and what he hoped was yet to be – rose up before him in the old, dull, silent church!

4. Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside. (D.)

5. “I shall be sorry, I shall be truly sorry to leave you, my friend.” (D.)

6. “Of course it is important. Incredibly, desperately important.” (D.S.)

7. “I’ve never told you about the letter Jane Crofut got from her minister when she was sick. He wrote Jane a letter and on the envelope the address was like this: Jane Crofut, The Crofut Farm; Grover’s Corners; Sutton County; New Hampshire; United States of America.” “What’s funny about it?” “But listen, it’s not finished: the United States of Americe; Continent of North America; Western Hemisphere; the Earth; the Solar System; the Universe; the Mind of God – that’s what it said on the envelope.” (Th.W.)

8. It was not the monotonous days unchecked by variety and uncheered by pleasant companionship, it was not the dark dreary evenings or the long solitary nights, it was not the absence of every slight and easy pleasure for which young hearts beat high or the knowing nothing of childhood but its weakness and its easily wounded spirit, that, had wrung such tears from Nell. (D.)

9. For that instant there was no one else in the room, in the house, in the world, besides themselves. (M.W.)

10. This was appalling – and soon forgotten. (G.)

11. If all my old association, of all my old pursuits and hopes, of all the living and dead world, this one poor soul alone comes natural to me. (D.)

12. In moments of utter crises my nerves act in most extraordinary way. When utter disaster seems imminent my whole being is simultaneously braced to avoid it. I size up the situation in flash, set my teeth, contract my muscles, take a firm grip of myself, and without a tremor always do the wrong thing. (B.Sh.)

13. “You have heard of Jefferson, of Jefferson Brick, I see, sir,” said the Colonel with a smile. “England has heard of Jefferson Brick. Europe has heard of Jefferson Brick.” (D.)

Paper 13

1. What is antithesis?

2. What is the difference between antithesis and oxymoron?

3. What are the types of repetition?

Дата добавления: 2018-08-06 ; просмотров: 3209 ; Мы поможем в написании вашей работы!

Syntactical expressive means and stylistic devices: COMPOSITIONAL PATTERNS OF SYNTACTICAL ARRANGEMENT

Repetition

According to its place in the utterance (sentence) repetition is classified into several types:

1) anaphora: Should auld acquaintance be forgot

And never brought to mind?

Should auld acquaintance be forgot

2) epiphora: / am exactly the man to be placed in a superior position in such a case as that.lam above the rest of mankind, in such acase as that.I can act with philosophy in such a case as that.(Dickens)

4) catch repetition (anadiplosis): Now he understood. He understood many things.

5) chain: «To think better of it,» returned the gallant Blandois, «would be to slight alady, to slight a lady would be to be deficient in chivalry towards the sex, and chivalry towards the sex is a part of my character.» (D.)

6) ordinary repetition:

Lexical repetition:

‘Oh, No, John, No, John, No, John, No!'((тот a folk song) And like a rat without a tail, Til do, I’ll do, I’ll do. (Shakespeare)

Alone, alone, all, all alone,

Alone on a wide, wide sea. (Coleridge)

Syntactic repetition:

Little Miss Muffet

She sar on a tuffet. (Nursery rhyme)

and also of later stylisations of the ballad character:

Ellen Adair she loved me well,

Against her father’s and mother’s will. (Tennison)

The skipper he blew a whiff from his pipe

And a scornful laugh laughed he. (Longfellow)

She has developed power, this woman — this — wife of his!

Oh, it’s a fine life, the life of the gutter. (Shaw)

A variant of syntactic repetition is a syntactic parallelism:

The seeds ye sow — another reaps, The robes ye weave — another wears, The arms ye forge — another bears. (Shelley) Few of them will return to their countries; they will not embrace

our holy religion; they will not adopt our manners. (B. Franklin) There were real silver spoons to stir the tea with, and real china

cups to drink it out of, and plates of the same to hold the cakes.

prolepsis (syntactic tautology)

“Miss Tilly Webster, she slept forty days and nights without waking up. (O. H.)”

“My mother and sister, they went to the south last year.”

“Mother and I, we would drive into Helston once a week on market-days. It all seems very long ago”. (Daphne Da Maurier).

CLIMAX (gradation)

Ø logical climax:

“Like a well, like a vault, like a tomb, the prison had no knowledge of the brightness outside”. (Ch. Dickens).

He saw clearly that the best thing was a cover story or camouflage. As he wondered and wondered what to do, he first rejected a stop as impossible, then as improbable, then as quite dreadful.

Ø emotive climax “so”, “very”, “immensely”, “much more”, “too”, e.g.:

“He was so helpless, so very helpless” (Ch. Dickens);

“She felt better, immensely better” (W. Deeping);

Ø quantitative climax:

“After so many kisses and promises (…), the lie given to hours, days, weeks, months of unspeakable bliss” (Th. Dreiser)

I am not in recession. I’m going fine. I’m well-off. I’m almost rich.

ANTICLIMAX

Women have a wonderful instinct about things. They can discover everything except the obvious.

Not all are annoying. Some are dead.

“God made the country and man made the town.” (Cowper);

“Don’t use big words. They mean so little”. (Oscar Wilde);

“Women are not meant to be understood. They are meant to be loved”. (Oscar Wilde).

America is the Paradise for women. That is why, like Eve, they are so extremely anxious to get out of it!

antithesis(a variant of Syntactic Parallelism) (антитеза, противопоставление)

Yet each man kills the thing he loves,

By each let this be heard,

Some do it with a bitter look,

Some with a flattering word,

The coward does it with a kiss,

The brave man with a sword!

God made the country, and man made the town (Cowper).

Shallow men believe in luck. Strong men believe in cause and effect.

A saint abroad, and a devil at home.

Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven.

They speak like saints and act like devils.

Art is long, life is short; One man’s meat is another man’s poison; Some people are wise, some otherwise. (B. Shaw)

As Caesar loved me, I weep for him; as he was fortunate, I

rejoice at it; as he was valiant, I honour him; but as he was

ambitious, I slew him. There’s tears for his love; joy for his fortune;

honour for his valour, and death for his ambition. (Shakespeare)