a) I quite like tennis, but it’s not my favourite sport.
b) I like tennis quite, but it’s not my favourite sport.
c) I like tennis, but quite it’s not my favourite sport.
4) oranges/good/ these/are/rather
a) These oranges rather are good.
b) These oranges are good rather.
c) These oranges are rather good.
5) You’ll need a coat when you go out. pretty/it/cold/is
a) It is pretty cold.
b) It is cold pretty.
c) It pretty is cold.
6) were / a lot of/ at/ party/the/quite/ there/people
a) There were a lot of people at the party quite.
b) There were quite a lot of people at the party.
c) There were a lot of people quite at the party.
7) Our holiday was OK. had/we/nice/a/time/pretty
a) We had a nice pretty time.
b) We had pretty a nice time.
c) We had a pretty nice time.
8) is/ a/it/book/interesting/rather. I like it very much.
a) It is a rather interesting book.
b) It is rather an interesting book.
c) It is an interesting rather book.
За правильный ответ 30 баллов
10. Fairly, rather, quite, filling the gaps
Complete the sentences using fairly, rather, quite.
1) Dan hasn’t ________finished reading this book.
2) Nick has written his test _______ quickly.
3) Andrew told they could see everything ________well from there.
4) You look ________exhausted.
5) Linda goes to the swimming pool ________often.
6) My friends________ enjoyed the performance.
7) Jess has ________ recovered.
8) The water in the Black Sea is ________ cold in April.
9) Your tea is ________ hot. You will not be able to drink it now.
10) Your tea is ________ hot. You can drink it now.
11) Your composition is_______ good. If you change the end it will be more interesting.
12) Maggie ________ likes basketball, but she doesn’t play it regularly.
(a) Quite = меньше чем `very’, но больше чем `a little’:
— I’m surprised you haven’t heard of him. He’s quite famous. (= less than very famous but more than a little famous)
— It’s quite cold. You’d better wear your coat.
— Tom lives quite near me, so we see each other quite often.
Quite стоит перед a/an: quite a nice day, quite an old house, quite a long way.
Мы также употребляем quite с некоторыми глаголами, в частности: like и enjoy:
— I quite like tennis but it’s not my favourite sport.
О другом значении quite см. раздел c.
— It’s rather cold, so you’d better wear your coat.
— `What was the examination like?’ `Rather difficult, I’m afraid’.
— Let’s get a taxi. It’s rather a long way to walk.
Употребление quite также возможно в этих примерах.
Мы часто употребляем quite в позитивных ситуациях, а rather в негативных:
— She is quite intelligent but rather lazy.
Когда мы употребляем rather с позитивными словами (nice/interesting и т.д.), то подразумевается ‘необычность’ или ‘неожиданность’. Например: rather nice = unusually nice/ surprisingly nice/ nicer than expected:
— These oranges are rather nice. Where did you get them?
— Ann didn’t like the book but I thought it was rather interesting. (= more interesting than expected).
Rather может стоять либо перед, либо после a/an: a rather interesting book или rather an interesting book.
(c) Quite может также означать `полностью’. Например:
`Are you sure?’ `Yes, quite sure.’ (= completely sure)
Quite означает ‘полностью’ с рядом прилагательных, в том числе: sure, right, true, unnecessary, different, amazing, certain, wrong, safe, extraordinary, impossible, amazed.
— She was quite different from what I expected. (= completely different)
— Everything they said was quite true. (= completely true)
Мы также употребляем quite (=`полностью’) с некоторыми глаголами:
— I quite agree with you. (= I completely agree)
— They haven’t quite finished their dinner yet.
Прокачиваем английские предлоги
Отрабатываем употребление английских предлогов.
Вставьте необходимые предлоги.
1. I couldn’t sleep properly because I was worried … being late … the morning.
2. The temperature has not risen much … zero …. the past week.
3. You should care … your car and have it serviced according … the manufacturer’s instructions.
4. My mother had six girls and called them all … flowers.
5. We can get rid … the real evidence … him.
6. Potatoes and cabbages were planted … random … foxgloves and roses.
7. My brother was sitting … a table laid … four.
8. He clearly was not impressed … the evidence put … him.
9. Along … numbers of other wealthy citizens, he had a fine house … the banks of the river.
10. She was even less enthusiastic … going … Spain.
11. What happens … us is largely determined by factors … our control.
12. Over the bed hung a painting … some Dutch eighteenth-century artist.
13. The Vice-President warned … the continuing dangers.
14. She had fallen … the rest of the class.
15. The garden is … its best now.
16. He took … his grandfather where character was concerned.
17. Apart … the occasional article, he hadn’t published anything … years.
18. I gave Castle the wrong notes … accident.
19. The river was uncomfortably close … the border.
20. The difference … you and me is that you have a place to live in.
21. Except … such diversions, pond creatures spend their time in an endless search … food.
22. I feel sorry … him.
23. We were running … schedule when we boarded the bus.
24. You can buy them … 87.50$ a share.
25. Liz had invited the whole group … her house … coffee.
26. Fees may vary … college … college.
27. That depends … what you mean … luck, Pete.
28. He saw a tall thin figure dressed … black.
29. Kate glared … him … a moment, then she burst … laughter too.
30. Do you believe … ghosts?
31. I took … my fancy clothes and changed … slacks.
32. We asked … a meeting … the Director.
34. You are quite different … what I expected.
35. The solution … the problems of 3 billion people … crisis seems desperately absurd.
36. These people were famous … their meanness.
37. We’ve had to put … our wedding until September.
38. She was looking … reflections … the large mirror on her dressing-table.
39. Then he threw a stone … a thin cat in a red collar.
40. They are engaged … talks … the Irish government.
41. Her room was next … Alan’s.
42. What shall I get you … Christmas?
43. Players will get most … of it by being very good … the basic skills.
44. She didn’t approve … his decision, she actually objected … it.
45. Are you interested … Russian poetry? — Yes, I’m particularly fond … Esenin.
46. I was aiming … reconciliation.
47. He almost fell … his stool laughing.
48. Last summer Chris and I went … a trip … Canada.
49. This rule is designed to make individuals responsible … their own safety.
50. I’m sorry … this morning — it was stupid … me.
51. A girl came … the room … the left.
52. Every one of my volunteers is a man filled … the courage … a lion.
53. Her books have been translated … 24 languages.
54. As soon as she was … the train, she opened the box.
55. I’m very proud … what Bobby has achieved.
56. The staff are paid if they travel … bicycle instead … by car.
57. Financial penalties should not be imposed … parents.
59. Maths is no longer a prime requirement … a career … accountancy.
60. He smelled … soap.
61. The ashes were dumped all … the floor.
62. I walked … the station instead … spending money … a taxi.
63. We drove down … Garrod’s farm … Sunday morning.
64. He was … favour … the retention of capital punishment.
65. Mark looked … the window and saw a friend.
66. Some people don’t look attractive … photographs.
67. Local radio goes … the air … midnight.
68. Only a disastrous tactical mistake can deprive him … victory.
69. A message had been scrawled … the wall … chalk.
70. Guests receive dinner … arrival … the hotel.
71. They sat … the sun and enjoyed the wonderful day.
72. Being tall gave him an advantage … the other players.
73. He lived … berries and wild herbs.
74. We like to think that sport is one area free … prejudice.
75. She was … her early forties.
76. It was entirely owing … him that they acquired two bonus points.
77. He was nervous during the week prior … the meeting.
78. In the locker room later, Thomas congratulated him … his victory.
79. She accepted the job … curiosity.
80. Regardless … the result, the present conflict threatens serious damage … the State.
81. The rain poured … a hole … the roof.
82. She was appointed assistant … the General Secretary.
83. … the time they arrived … Victoria Station, the train had left.
84. The poor are more dependent … the rich than ever before.
85. He was travelling … an assumed name.
86. We are looking … someone with experience … this post.
87. It’s … to you what you tell him.
88. She got rather angry … me … my inattentiveness.
89. They advertised … a researcher a month ago.
90. I looked … a small booklet.
91. They are busy … the discussion of the recent information … air pollution.
92. Molly was devoted … her sister.
93. The police are … alert, so everything is … control.
94. These concepts have been formulated … answer … these questions.
95. The walls were covered … bookshelves.
96. We built this monument … our dead.
97. I like cats but unfortunately I’m allergic … them.
98. I used to laugh … narrow-minded people.
99. … least three people were killed.
100. This model is technically superior … its competitors.
1. I couldn’t sleep properly because I was worried about being late in the morning. – Я не мог нормально спать, потому что я волновался о том, чтобы не опоздать утром.
2. The temperature has not risen much above zero for the past week. – За прошедшую неделю температура не поднималась сильно выше ноля.
3. You should care for your car and have it serviced according to the manufacturer’s instructions. – Тебе следует заботиться о своей машине и, в соответствии с указаниями производителя, отдавать ее в сервис.
4. My mother had six girls and called them all after flowers. – У моей мамы было шесть девочек, которая она называла именами цветов.
5. We can get rid of the real evidence against him. – Мы можем избавиться от настоящей улики против него.
6. Potatoes and cabbages were planted at random among foxgloves and roses. – Картошка и капуста была посажена наугад среди бегоний и роз.
7. My brother was sitting at a table laid for four. – Мой брат сидел за столом, накрытым для четверых.
8. He clearly was not impressed by the evidence put before (или against) him. – Он явно был не впечатлен уликами, выдвинутыми против него.
9. Along with numbers of other wealthy citizens, he had a fine house on the banks of the river. – Наряду с большим количеством других богатых граждан, у него был замечательный дом на обоих берегах реки.
10. She was even less enthusiastic about going to Spain. – Она была даже менее воодушевлена поездкой в Испанию.
11. What happens to us is largely determined by factors beyond our control. – То, что случилось с нами, в большей степени находится не под нашим контролем.
12. Over the bed hung a painting by some Dutch eighteenth-century artist. – Над кроватью висела картина, написанная каким-то голландским художником восемнадцатого века.
13. The Vice-President warned against the continuing dangers. – Вице-президент предупредил о непрекращающихся угрозах.
14. She had fallen behind the rest of the class. – Он отстал от остальной части класса.
15. The garden is at its best now. – Сад сейчас в своем лучшем состоянии.
16. He took after his grandfather where character was concerned. – Что касается характера, он был похож на своего дедушку.
17. Apart from the occasional article, he hadn’t published anything for years. – Кроме случайной статьи, он уже многие годы ничего не публиковал.
18. I gave Castle the wrong notes by accident. – Я случайно дал Каслу не те записи.
19. The river was uncomfortably close to the border. – Река была неудобно близка к границе.
20. The difference between you and me is that you have a place to live in. – Разница между тобой и мной заключается в том, что у тебя есть место жительства.
21. Except for such diversions, pond creatures spend their time in an endless search for food. – Кроме подобных отклонений, обитатели пруда проводят все свое время в бесконечных поисках еды.
22. I feel sorry for him. – Мне его жаль.
23. We were running behind schedule when we boarded the bus. – Когда мы садились на автобус, то мы отставали от расписания.
24. You can buy them at 87.50$ a share. – Ты можешь купить их по 87.50$ за акцию.
25. Liz had invited the whole group to her house for coffee. – Лиз пригласила всю свою группу к себе домой на кофе.
26. Fees may vary from college to college. – Оплата может варьироваться от колледжа к колледжу.
27. That depends on what you mean by luck, Pete. – Это зависит от того, что ты, Пит, называешь удачей.
28. He saw a tall thin figure dressed in black. – Он увидел высокую худую фигуру, одетую в черное.
29. Kate glared at him for a moment, then she burst into laughter too. – На какой-то момент Кейт взглянула на него и потом разразилась смехом.
30. Do you believe in ghosts? – Ты веришь в приведений?
31. I took off my fancy clothes and changed into slacks. – Я снял свою модную одежду и переоделся в слаксы.
32. We asked for a meeting with the Director. – Мы попросили о встрече с директором.
34. You are quite different from what I expected. – Ты не такой, как я ожидал.
35. The solution to the problems of 3 billion people in crisis seems desperately absurd. – Решение проблем 3-х миллиардов людей в кризис кажется явно абсурдным.
36. These people were famous for their meanness. – Эти люди были известны своей подлостью.
37. We’ve had to put off our wedding until September. – Нам пришлось отложить нашу свадьбу до сентября.
38. She was looking at reflections in the large mirror on her dressing-table. – Она смотрела на отражения в большом зеркале на своем туалетном столике.
39. Then he threw a stone at a thin cat in a red collar. – Потом он кинул камень в худого кота с красным ошейником.
40. They are engaged in talks with the Irish government. – Они участвуют в переговорах с правительством из Ирландии.
41. Her room was next to Alan’s. – Ее комната находилась возле с комнатой Алана.
42. What shall I get you for Christmas? – Что мне принести тебе на Рождество?
43. Players will get most out of it by being very good at the basic skills. – Игроки извлекут из этого максимум пользы, обладая хорошими основными навыками.
44. She didn’t approve of his decision, she actually objected to it. – Она не одобрила его решения, она на самом деле была против этого.
45. Are you interested in Russian poetry? — Yes, I’m particularly fond of Esenin. – Ты интересуешься русской поэзией? – Да, в особенности мне нравится Есенин.
46. I was aiming at reconciliation. – Я был нацелен на примирение.
47. He almost fell off his stool laughing. – Он чуть не упал со стула от смеха.
48. Last summer Chris and I went on a trip to Canada. – Прошлым летом я с Крисом ездил в Канаду.
49. This rule is designed to make individuals responsible for their own safety. – Это правило разработано, чтобы сделать каждого человека ответственным за собственную безопасность.
50. I’m sorry about this morning — it was stupid of me. – Мне жаль за то, что было утром. С мой стороны это была глупость.
51. A girl came out of the room on the left. – Из комнаты слева вышла девушка.
52. Every one of my volunteers is a man filled with the courage of a lion. – Каждый из моих добровольцев является человеком с мужеством льва.
53. Her books have been translated into 24 languages. – Ее книги были переведены на 24 языка.
54. As soon as she was on the train, she opened the box. – Как только она оказалась в поезде, она открыла коробку.
55. I’m very proud of what Bobby has achieved. – Я горжусь тем, что достиг Бобби.
56. The staff are paid if they travel by bicycle instead of by car. – Персоналу платят, если они ездят на велосипеде, а не на машине.
57. Financial penalties should not be imposed on parents. – На родителей нельзя накладывать штрафы.
58. When the train stopped at a small station, he got off. – Когда поезд остановился на маленькой станции, он сошел.
59. Maths is no longer a prime requirement for a career in accountancy. – Для карьеры в бухгалтерии математика больше не является первичным требованием.
60. He smelled of soap. – Он пах мылом.
61. The ashes were dumped all over the floor. – Пепел был рассыпан по всему полу.
62. I walked to the station instead of spending money on a taxi. – Я пошел пешком на станцию, вместо того чтобы тратить деньги на такси.
63. We drove down to Garrod’s farm on Sunday morning. – Мы поехали на ферму Гаррода в воскресенье утром.
64. He was in favour of the retention of capital punishment. – Он выступал за сохранение смертной казни.
65. Mark looked out of the window and saw a friend. – Марк выглянул из окна и увидел друга.
66. Some people don’t look attractive in photographs. – Некоторые люди выглядят непривлекательно на фотографиях.
67. Local radio goes off the air at midnight. – Местное радио прекратило вещать в полночь.
68. Only a disastrous tactical mistake can deprive him of victory. – Только чудовищная тактическая ошибка может лишить его победы.
69. A message had been scrawled on the wall in chalk. – Послание было начертано на стене мелом.
70. Guests receive dinner on arrival at the hotel. – По прибытию в гостиницу гости получают ужин.
71. They sat in the sun and enjoyed the wonderful day. – Они сидели на солнце и наслаждались удивительным днем.
72. Being tall gave him an advantage over the other players. – Высокий рост дал им преимущество над другими игроками.
73. He lived on berries and wild herbs. – Он жил на ягодах и диких травах.
74. We like to think that sport is one area free of prejudice. – Нам нравится думать, что спорт – это территория свободная от предрассудков.
75. She was in her early forties. – Ей было сорок с небольшим.
76. It was entirely owing to him that they acquired two bonus points. – Это было целиком его заслуга, что они получили дополнительные бонусные очки.
77. He was nervous during the week prior to the meeting. – Он нервничал в течение недели перед собранием.
78. In the locker room later, Thomas congratulated him on his victory. – В гардеробе Томас поздравил его с победой.
79. She accepted the job out of curiosity. – Она согласилась на работу из любопытства.
80. Regardless of the result, the present conflict threatens serious damage to the State. – Несмотря на результат настоящий конфликт угрожает нанести ущерб государству.
81. The rain poured through a hole in the roof. – Дождь лил через дыру в крыше.
82. She was appointed assistant to the General Secretary. – Ее назначили помощницей Генерального Секретаря.
83. By the time they arrived at Victoria Station, the train had left. – К тому времени как они прибыли на Виктория Стэйшэн, поезд уже уехал.
84. The poor are more dependent on the rich than ever before. – Бедные более зависимы от богатых, чем когда-либо.
85. He was travelling under an assumed name. – Он путешествовал под псевдонимом.
86. We are looking for someone with experience for this post. – На эту должность мы ищем кого-нибудь с опытом.
87. It’s up to you what you tell him. – Он тебя зависит то, что ты скажешь ему.
88. She got rather angry with me for my inattentiveness. – Она сильно разозлилась на меня из-за моей невнимательности.
89. They advertised for a researcher a month ago. – Месяц назад они подали объявление о приеме исследователя.
90. I looked through a small booklet. – Я просмотрел небольшой буклет.
91. They are busy with the discussion of the recent information on air pollution. – Они заняты обсуждением недавней информации по загрязнению воздуха.
92. Molly was devoted to her sister. – Молли была предана своей сестре.
94. These concepts have been formulated in answer to these questions. – Эти концепции были сформулированы в ответ на эти вопросы.
95. The walls were covered with bookshelves. – На стенах были книжные полки.
96. We built this monument to our dead. – Мы поставили этот памятник в память наших умерших.
97. I like cats but unfortunately I’m allergic to them. – Я люблю кошек, но, к сожалению, у меня на них аллергия.
98. I used to laugh at narrow-minded people. – Раньше я смеялся над ограниченными людьми.
99. At least three people were killed. – По меньшей мере три человека были убиты.
100. This model is technically superior to its competitors. – Эта модель технически превосходит свои аналоги.
ПЕРЕВОД ПРИДАТОЧНЫХ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ В ФУНКЦИИ РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ЧЛЕНОВ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ
местоимениями who, what, which (whoever, whatever, whichever);
местоименными наречиями where, when, why, how.
При переводе предложений-подлежащих в русском предложении перед соответствующим союзным словом необходимо ставить соотносительное слово «то (тот, та, те)». Перевод следует начинать со сказуемого; например:
That the author shares this viewis quite obvious,
To, что автор разделяет эту точку зрения,— вполне очевидно.
Примечание 1. Если предложение начинается со слов if, whether, то перевод следует начинать со сказуемого внутри предложения-подлежащего с добавлением к нему частицы «ли»:
Whether the author shares this view is not quite clear.
Разделяет ли автор эту точку зрения — не вполне ясно.
Союзные слова, употребляемые в предложении-подлежащем, переводятся следующим образом:
1 Здесь и далее рассматриваются только те типы предложений, которые представляют трудности для перевода,
if, whether— как частица «ли» после сказуемого в предложении-подлежащем; who — кто; тот, кто;
how + прилагательное — насколько + прилагательное; например:
How difficult it was to accomplish this work is seen from his diary.
Насколько трудно было выполнить эту работу, видно из его дневника.
Примечание 2. Если сказуемое главного предложения выражено формой страдательного залога рт глагола, принимающего предложное дополнение в русском языке, то перед придаточным подлежащим ставится предлог:
That these tribes knew how to use fire is shown by a few surviving pictures.
На то, что эти племена знали, как пользоваться огнем, указывают несколько сохранившихся рисунков
1. Найдите сказуемое в главном предложении. Переведите предложения.
1. That ancient Egyptian history can be written with even its present approach of accuracy is one of the wonders of scholarship.
2. That this development was a comparatively late one in Cantonese dialect is shown by several facts.
3. How this occured can be seen from the following example.
4. But what seems to us today to be a hackneyed truth was by no means trivial and commonplace four centuries ago.
5. What interests primitive man is not nature in itself but nature so far as 2 it intervenes in human life and forms a necessary and obvious basis for it.
6. That this environment should and does affect man in a great variety of ways seems so obvious as hardly to admit of discussion.
7. What Marx and Engels considered to be true of historical changes they also considered to be true of aesthetic creation.
8. That the Inca had made important advances in literary form is suggested by a few surviving fragments.
9. There is a great deal of difference between languages in respect to 3 the word classes that are used to express certain ideas, for so often what is a noun in Greek must be rendered as a verb in other languages, and what is a pronoun in Greek, or Hebrew frequently must become a noun in another language.
10. That there are communities in Europe whose language places them quite apart is, of course, everyday knowledge. As I have said, the Basques are such a people, the Hungarians and Finns are others.
11. What is significant in this philosophy, and what made it wield a great influence in some oriental countries, is its view of history.
12. The essence of a compound word is that it shall symbolyze a single thing or idea. Whether it is spelt as one Word, or hyphened, or spelt as two words, makes no difference.
Предложения-сказуемые. Предложения в функции именной части сказуемого могут вводиться теми же союзными словами и местоимениями, что и предложения-подлежащие. При переводе особое внимание следует обращать на правильный перевод глагола-связки to be.
Рекомендуются следующие способы перевода глагола-связки to be в подобных конструкциях:
so far as — постольку, поскольку, in respect to — в отношении.
1. My book was what is often referred to as an autobiographical novel.
2. What seemed most strange in the Battle of Plassey was that the Navab’s immense army should have been defeated by so small a force, and that the victory of the English side should have been so decisive.
3. What I mean here is that every one of these factors is liable to mislead.
4. For the last two hundred years Yedo 4 has been to Japan for 5 literature what London is to the United Kingdom or Paris to Europe,
предложение — прямое дополнение
Не confirmed what we already knew.
Он подтвердил то, что мы уже знали.
предложение — предложное дополнение
Archeological excavations give us a better idea of how the people of those days lived.
Археологические раскопки дают нам более правильное представление о том,как жили люди в те времена.
1. These distinctive features of labour explain why labour necessarily gives rise to speech and thought and cannot develop without the aid of speech and thought.
2. Those who have studied the way of life and the language of wild tribes have often pointed out to what an incredible degree these are split up. This holds 6 especially of the hotter countries.
4 Yedo — старое название Токио,
5 for — здесь: в отношении.
3. Aristotle took over much that had been expressed by Plato and indeed is so dependent upon his teacher that some historians still dispute how far he departed from his doctrines.
4. The syllables contain consonants and vowels bearing certain qualitative and quantitative relations to one another; and also differ in that some are accented, and some are not, the accents themselves being of various degrees of strength.
5. The semantic difficulties of our topic are troublesome, and no ready relief seems possible beyond constant vigilant attention to how terms are used in their contexts, especially to their polar oppositions.
6. In the Middle Ages Rhetoric corresponded roughly to what we understand by the study of Latin literature.
7. We discovered in a cave turtle-shell ornaments that confirmed what we had been told about them.
8. From what you have read in this book, you have become acquainted with the state in which the Saxons were living, when the Normans arrived.
9. It is perhaps idle now to speculate on who or what this man was: though such speculations have always teased people’s imagination.
10. The story of who the modern English originally were can be conveniently divided into three parts.
11. It is evident from a couple of references in «Beowulf» that our forebears knew the story of how the giants had attacked the gods and how they had been repaid for their temerity by being overwhelmed in a universal flood.
12. We cannot tell whether the Emperor Michael knew of the Pope’s intention and whether he would have welcomed it.
Придаточные предложения-обстоятельства могут также вводиться союзами whenever, wherever.
1. Where the related languages do not agree, some or all of them must have made some change.
2. Where scholars diverge seriously in the views it is usually unsafe to follow any one interpretation.
3. Where there are not enough letters for an adequate representation of phoneme facts, the language has recourse to other devices.
4. Where it is known that a number of languages have all descended from a common ancestor, it is of course much preferable to group them according to the families they form.
Предложения-определения. Придаточные предложения-определения вводятся словами why и that, которые стоят после определяемого существительного:
The reason why he has not come is not clear to me. Причина (какая?) того, почему он не пришел, —
не ясна для меня.
СЛОВА-ЗАМЕСТИТЕЛИ
Заместители существительного. Заместители существительного употребляются в предложении во избежание повторения уже названного существительного. Они согласуются в числе с существительным, которое заменяют, и могут иметь перед собой предлог. Местоимение that, those употребляется без артикля, местоимение one, ones может иметь перед собой определенный артикль. При переводе на русский язык существительное повторяется:
His handwriting resembles that of his father.
Его почерк похож на почерк его отца.
В том случае если после слова-заместителя идет определительное придаточное предложение, возможен перевод «тот, который»:
This system of writing is quite different from the one described in the book.
Эта система письма совсем иная, чем та, которая (система, которая) описана в книге.
1. In reading Shakespeare’s works, one finds many common everyday words that are used with meanings quite different from those they have today.
2. The phonology of Korean is similar to that of both Japanese and Chinese, perhaps slightly favouring the latter.
3. Amber finds from North-Russian neolithic sites, in addition to those already mentioned in literature, are known at any rate from the dwelling places on the lake of Rostov.
4. I have pointed out that the language used by the child is determined far more by that of its playfellows than by that of its parents.
5. Aymara 7 is generally termed the «older» language, that is, that of wider extent in pre-Inca days, and one that has yielded ground to the Quecchua. 7
6. The Ainus 8 live in conditions somewhat similar to those of the Indians of the United States in certain areas of the Japanese islands, and are evidently the remnant of the people who inhabited the island empire before the Japanese came.
7. Hebrew has apparently successfully revived in Israel though Israeli Hebrew, too, is something quite different from that spoken in ancient times.
|8. This sonnet and the one quoted above need, in fact, to be considered together.
9. Of course, the hieroglyphic writing had a stock of thousands of characters, and might well have included the ones we are looking for in texts which have disappeared or not yet been discovered.
10. Like that of Aztec, the bibliography of Quecchua is very large both early and recent. The best grammar seems to be that of Middendorf.
11. The later culture layer is poorer in forms and is more monotonous than the older one: many of the older types of harpoons and arrows are missing.
7 Aymara, Quecchua — названия индейских наречий.
8 Ainus — небольшая часть населения Японии, неродственная японцам.
12. The skeletons were found in the trunk of a great tree. That of King Arthur was of a very large man, and Queen Guinevere was shrouded by her long golden hair.
Заместители прилагательного. Повторяющееся прилагательное может заменяться словом so. При переводе на русский язык прилагательное следует повторять, либо не переводить слово so:
The first chapter was very difficult, the second one less so.
Первая глава была очень трудная, вторая — менее (трудная).
2. Найдите прилагательные, которые заменяются словом so. Переведите предложения.
1. This list was criticized on various grounds, some quite legitimate, others less so.
2. The style of this novel is not more ornate than that, let us say, of Robinson Crusoe, and incomparably less so than that of many Japanese books of later date.
3. Of the criticism which appeared in the eighteen major reviews in England, nine were favourable, some very much so, three were lukewarm, but more favourable than hostile.
При переводе глагола to do на русский язык необходимо учитывать следующее.
Если время смыслового глагола и глагола-заместителя совпадает, то последний можно не переводить:
Не stayed there much longer than he usually did. Он оставался там значительно дольше, чем обычно (чем он обычно это делал).
Если время смыслового глагола и глагола-заместителя не совпадает, то глагол-заместитель следует переводить
на русский язык смысловым глаголом в том времени, в котором он употреблен:
Не stayedthere much longer than he usually does. Он оставалсятам значительно дольше, чем остается обычно (чем он обычно это делает).
Во избежание повторения сложной формы смыслового глагола обычно повторяется лишь первая часть всей формы и тем самым служит ее заместителем:
Today he is reading better than he was yesterday. Сегодня он читает лучше чем (он читал) вчера.
1. «The eagle sees much further than man, but the human eye sees considerably more in things than does the eye of the eagle», wrote Engels.
2. We know much more about Giovanni Pisano 9 than we do about his anonymous contemporaries who were at work on the Gothic cathedrals in France.
3. The typological classification of languages is not necessarily preferable to the genetic classification, nor does it supplant the genetic (as the latter does geographic).
4. There is a super-refined Oxford accent which produces as artificial an effect, in its own way, as does the pronunciation of some of the American stage stars.
5. Jones’ surmise that the Germanic languages were related to Latin, Greek and Sanscrit, at once proved true, as did later his surmise about Celtic.
6. The Chinese cannot properly be said to have an alphabet, since the characters used in writing do not represent sounds as do the letters of the alphabets that have been described.
7. The Roman baths (Bath) are the only hot springs in England. The Rump Room was ruined by the blitz during the war as were the Assembly Rooms.
8 Pisano — Джованни Пизано (1240—1328), скульптор и архитектор.
Примерные тестовые задания по теме «Общеупотребительная лексика»
We had really thick ________________ this morning.
People often breathe quickly after _________.
· biting your nails
He told me he met a ___________ girl in the disco last night.
He looks like his mother but definitely takes ________ his father in character.
She decided to wear a _________________ instead of a dress.
· collar and a pocket
· top and a jeans
· button and earrings
My soup is too ________! I don’t want it!
It was quite a serious ____________; both drivers were taken to hospital.
I’m responsible one of the departments. I’m _____________ of it.
I sent her an __________ yesterday but she hasn’t replied.
I’m leaving in a few minutes. Could I pay my ________.
Most places are absolutely ___________ with tourists! So I decided to stay at home today.
A ____________ represents people with legal problems.
My car ____________ on the motorway and I had to phone a garage to come and fix it.
They said she died of a heart ___________.
Ситуативно-бытовое общение
Ситуация№1.
Знакомство и поддержание разговора.
При формальном знакомстве мужчина должен быть предтавлен женщине, за исключением тех случаев когда мужчина старше, либо занимает высокое положение в обществе. Как правило мужчина более младшего возраста представлянтся мужчине более старшего, это же правило соблюдается женщинами.
— Wendy I’d like to meet my brother, Sam.
— What do you think of life of England?
— I’m still feeling homesick.
— It’s bound to be strange at first.
— Mrs Hughes, this is Peter Brown.
— How do you find things over here?
— If it wasn’t for the climate, I’d like very much.
— It won’t take you long settle down.
— Mother, this is Joe’s brother David
— How do you like London?
— It’s quite different from what I expected.
— Don’t worry; you’ll soon get used to it.
— Mrs Stacey, I’d like to introduce my Greec friend, Milos.
— What are your first impreessions of England?
— Of course it’s much colder here than it is at home.
— Never mind; you’ll be all right in a week or two.
Ситуация №2.
Поговорим о погоде.
Иностранцы часто удивляются тому, что англичане уделяют много времени, обсуждая погоду, тем не менее эта тема является ненавязчивым способом начать и поддержать разговор даже с незнакомыми людьми.
— Fairly mild the time of year.
— Yes. Quite different from the forecast.
— They say we’re in for snow.
— Let’s hope it keeps fine for the weekend.
— It seems to be clearing up.
— It makes a change, doesn’t it?
— Apparently it’s going to turn colder.
— Still, another month should see us through the worst of it.
— Nice and bright this morning.
— Yes much better than yesterday.
— The wind’ll probably get up latwer.
— As long as it doesn’t rain.
— It’s good to see the sun again.
— A big inprovement on what we’ve been having.
— It’s supposed to cloud over this afternoon.
— I didn’t think it would last.
Ситуация №3.
Вежливый разговор о здоровье.
В том случае, когда к вам обращаются с вопросами о вашем здоровье, или о здоровье ваших близких, необходимо поддержать разговор, не вдаваясь в медицнские подробности, это всего лишь проявление воспитанности.
— How’s your father keeping?
— He’s been off for day or two.
— What’s wrong with him?
— He’s gone down with cold.
— Tell him I hope he soon feels better.
— That’s very kind of you.
— Where’s Tony this evening?
— He’s not feeling very well.
— Really? What’ the trouble?
— I think he must have eating something.
— Give him my regards and tell him to take things easy.
— Thank you very much. I’ll tell him what you said.
— How’s your brother these days?
— He hasn’t been too well just recently.
— I’m sorry to hear tht. What’s the matter?
— I think he’s been overworking.
— I hope he soon gets over it.
— Thank you. He’ll be pleased to hear you askeed after him.
— I haven’t seen Bob lately. How is he?
— As a matter of fact, he’s laid up.
— We don’t know, but we’re having the doctor in tomorrow.
— Let me know if there’s anything I can do.
— Thanks very much. I’ll tell him you inquired about him.
Ситуация №4
Несмотря на то, что большая часть английских семей еду в дневное время называют «обедом», более популярно слово «ланч»
— You must have some more chicken.
— No thanks. I’m supposed to be slimming
— Can’t I tempt you?
— Well, maybe I could manage a very small piece.
— Wouldn’t nyou like to finish up the omelete?
— No, really, thank you. I just couldn’t eat any more.
— Come on now. Surely you can manage it.
— No, thank you, really. I must have put on pounds as it is.
— Another piece of meat pie?
— No, thanks, really. I’m on a diet.
— Please do. You’ve hardly eaten anything.
— It’s delisious, but I don’t think I ought to.
— Do have the rest of the mashed potato.
— No, thank you. I’ve had too much already.
— Just take it to please me
— OK, but only a small piece or I shan’t have room for any pudding.
Ситуация №5.
Не желаете ли вы чашечку чаю?
Чай – это напиток №1 в Великобритании, в среднем здесь потребляют более четырех чашек чая в день. Чашечка чая – лучший способ осмыслить неожиданно свалившиеся неприятности.
— Would you care for a cup of tea?
— Only if you having one.
— Do you take milk and sugar?
— A dash of milk and two lumps, please.
— I expect you could do with a cup of tea, couldn’t you?
— I’d rather have a cup of coffe, if you don’t mind.
— A milky one without sugar, please.
— How about a nice cup of tea before you go?
— Yes, I’d love one.
— How do you like it?
— A strong one with three spoons for me, please
— Would you like a cup of tea?
— Only if it’s not too much trouble.
— Do you like it with milk and sugar?
— Not too much milk ad just half a spoonful please.
Ситауция №6.
Что вы делаете сегодня вечером?
Если вас приглашают провести вечер в компании, необходимо помнить о том, что как правило гости приносят с собой свое спиртное (бутылочка вина или несколько бутылок пива будут вполне уместны). Очень сложно часто отличить приглашение от простого проявления вежливости. Если вам говорят: «Неплохо было бы увидится на днях», вы отвечаете «Большое спасибо, мне нравится встречаться с интересными людьми» и далее ожидаете, когда вам предложат конкретное время встречи.
— How about coming out for drink with me this evening?
— I’d like that very much. Thank you.
— Shall we say round about eight?
— Fine see you then.
— Why don’t we go for a drive in the country?
— That would be very nice. Thank you.
— I’ll pick you up about 7.30.
— Right. See you later.
— Do you feel like we going to the cinema?
— That’s sounds like a good idea.
— Let’s make it 6.30 at you place.
— That’ll be OK by me.
— Would you like to come to a party with me tonight?
— I’d love to. Thank you very much.
— I’ll call round for you after supper.
— OK. I’ll be ready
В том случае, если у вас нет желания проводить вечер с друзьями вне дома, то следует обратить внимание на следующий диалог:
— How would you like to come bowling?
— I’m not overkeen, actually.
— What about Chinese meal, then?
— No, I thought I’d have an evening at home for a change.
Ситуация №7.
Благодарность за гостеприимство.
Как правило за рубежом приветствуется преподношение цветов в знак признательности хозяйке за гостеприимство.
— It’s time we were off.
— So soon? Can’t you stay a liittle longer?
— I wish I could, but I’m late already.
— Thank you for a wonderful meal.
— I’m glad you enjoyed it.
— I really must be going now.
— But you only just come. Wouldn’t you like to stay for a snack?
— That’s very kind of you, but I mustn’t be too late.
— Thanks very much for the party.
— It was pleasure to have you.
— I thik it’s about time we made a move.
— What already? Won’t you have another coffee?
— I’d love to, but I have to be up early tomorrow.
— Oh dear! What a shame!
— Thank you for a most enjoyable evening.
— Not at all. Hope you can come again.
— If you’ll excuse me, I reall should be off now.
— Not yet surely. Have another drink at least.
— No thank you all the same.
— Oh dear! What a pity!
— Thank you very much indeed for the delisious meal.
— Thank you for coming.
Ситуация №8.
В Европе и в Великобритании, в частности огромный выбор ресторанов, в которых представлена кухня разных народов мира, кроме того вы можете заказать различные блюда с доставкой на дом.
— Can I take your order, sir?
— Yes. I’d like to try the steak, please.
— Have you decided on something, sir?
— How about the sweet?
— No sweet thanks. Just coffee.
— Have you choosen something, sir?
— Yes, I think I’’l have the curry, please.
— What would you like afterwards?
— I’d like some fruit if you have any.
— May I take your order, sir?
— I’ll just take a small salad, please.
— Do you want any sweet?
— Apple pie and custard would be nice.
Ситуация №9.
Снимаем номер в отеле.
Маленький совет для туристов. В английских гостиницах, как правило, предлагают номера с включенным в стоимомть завтраком, не стоит отказываться. Выбирая плотный завтрак в гостинице, вы можете вполне обойтись без ланча в обеденное время.\
— I wonder whether you have any vacancies for tonight.
— Yes I can offer you room 24 on the first floor.
— ₤27.50 a night excluding service.
— Can I see it please?
— Certainly. Would you take a set for a moment?
— Have you a single room for tonights?
— Yes, but only on the top floor.
— What price is it?
— ₤34 with service and TV.
— Fair enough. Can you show me the room, please?
— Of course. Would you like to follow me?
— Can I book a double room from now until Friday?
— You can have room 33, overlooking the sea.
— What’s the price?
— ₤28.75 not counting the service.
— Can I have look at it, please.
— Yes of course. Come tjis way.
— Have you got a twinebedded room for one night?
— I can let you have a room at the back.
— What does it cost?
— With a private bath, ₤31, service included.
— Can you show me something a little cheaper?
— Yes, of course. I won’t keep you a moment.
Ситуация №10.
Не сходить ли нам за покупками?
В некоторых случаях туристы в Великобритании могут потребовать возмещение налога на добавленную стоимость, для этого необходимо заполнить соответствующую форму в магазине.
— Are you being served?
— No. what have you got in the way of brown suede jackets, size 42?
— Sorry, but we’re sold right out.
— Are you likely to be gettihg any more in?
— I should think so, yes. If you leave your phone number, I’ll ring you.
— Is anybody looking after you?
— No. I’m after a size 40 V-neck pullover in grey.
— The best I can do is a 36.
— Could you order me one?
— I should imagine so, yes. If you leave your address, I’ll contact you.
— Are you being attended to?
— No I’trying to find a navy blue raincoat, size 42.
— I can do the size, but not the colour.
— Do you think you could get one for me?
— Yes, of course. Look in again Monday week.
— Are you being seen to?
— No. I’m looking for a pin-striped suit with a 34 waist.
— I’m afraid I can’t help you at the moment.
— Will you be having any more in?
— I doubt it, but you might be lucky at our High Street braqnch.
