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The Two Desires Behind What We Want

Yesterday’s article was developed through the wisdom of this week’s featured book: William B. Irvine’s On Desire: Why We Want The Things We Want. This is a topic that can make people squirm. Talking about what you want and why is a deeply personal thing. However, talking about what other people want and why is easy. We call it Marketing.

But we’ll save the talk about marketing for when we actually read a book on marketing. Irvine’s book is a moment for us to cast the spotlight on ourselves. Time to look inward. For a minute anyway.

The Origin Of Suffering

It’s astonishing to think that the best wisdom on suffering emerged 2,500 years ago. This is roughly the period at which Buddhism emerged with the Four Noble Truths. The second such truth stated that the origin of suffering is three-fold and the first originator is greed and desire.

This is brilliant. We hadn’t even invented the horseshoe yet and here we were dropping beautiful knowledge like this, knowledge that gets to the core of the human condition. And like most brilliant insights, it feels really obvious and unworthy of real discussion until you find yourself subjected to its truths.

To desire is human. Thus to suffer is human. To not desire anything is to theoretically not experience any suffering outside of the physical pain of something like a toothache.

Speaking of toothaches, isn’t that what ambition feels like sometimes? A toothache? It could be the mild ambition to go on a trip to the beach or the major ambition of becoming a CEO. Such an unmet desire is a dull, constant pain.

You and I, we feel these pains every day. Clearly, we’ve been doing for more than 2,500 years. The origin of those pains, the unmet desires, often point to the same fundamental needs.

What We Desire

In the realm of psychology, there are few concepts more durable than Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs.

This framework was first introduced in 1954 with his book Motivation and Personality. Since then, it has been tested and applied in various ways and explains a lot of behavior across all cultures. These are the basic needs we hold as self-evident. It’s one of the few things that bond the tribes of Papua New Guinea with the people of Wall Street.

If there was one distinction that should be made, it’s that the hierarchy is less of a pyramid one can climb and more of an undulating mix that follows a sequence in overlapping fashion. The graphic below depicts this behavior a little more easily:

Here are the major categories for what we desire. Therefore, this is the major foundation for whatever causes us to suffer. The origin behind your toothache of unmet desire can be traced back to this framework.

Some toothaches are easier to fix than others. Shelter and food have clear, tangible solutions that provide instant relief. But consider the top-most need on the pyramid; it’s the one that emerges at the top right corner of the graph.

Self-actualization is a bit of an enigma. It is a need that I only barely understand how to fill and yet, like food and shelter, it is a need that never goes away.

I think this is where Irvine’s book can help.

The Two Types of Desires

There’s a good but apocryphal joke about Henry Ford. Legend has it that he once said:

“If I had given the people what they wanted, I would have made faster horses.”

It seems that he never actually said this. But the wisdom still stands. People’s typical desire is for something slightly better than what they have but still familiar. No one had asked for a Model T. I’m not sure people thought it was something they could reasonably expect. But they could expect a faster horse and so that’s what they wanted.

The important lesson is that Ford’s customer had two desires. The first was a terminal desire to travel from one place to another. The second was an instrumental desire to find a good tool for the job (e.g., a horse or automobile). The terminal desire for safe, convenient travel is practically universal and does not really go away. The instrumental desire is more moveable. It shifts with a variety of other instrumental desires.

Let’s consider transportation again, particularly with today’s phenomenon of the urban bike commuter. The typical bike commuter chooses their travel based on a combination of several terminal desires that lead to a very specific instrumental desire.

Terminal desires: to travel, to be healthy, to be part of a tribe.

Instrumental desire: to have the best bicycle one can afford.

I’m generalizing a bit but these are the core needs and motivations. I should know. It’s what compelled me to become such a commuter.

I use the terms “terminal” and “instrumental” because they come directly from Irvine’s own wonderful insights. Consider the following:

Our desires fall into two categories: instrumental desires that we desire for the sake of something else, and terminal desires that we can desire for their own sake.

I think this is the most important idea in the book. Amongst many great ideas. To give it more clarity, consider the “Jobs To Be Done” concept pioneered by the illustrious Harvard professor Clayton Christensen.

The Morning Milkshake

I don’t have a long commute to work. Thus, I’ve never really stopped for breakfast at a fast food restaurant. But many of us have this experience every morning and a segment of these daily commuters order breakfast at a drive-thru. To my surprise, many of these folks order a milkshake.

A milkshake? For breakfast?

It doesn’t make any sense. If I’m hungry at breakfast time, I’m going to order something more conventional like a breakfast sandwich or oatmeal or yogurt. A milkshake in the morning is like a slab of barbeque ribs in the morning. It’s just the wrong food at the wrong time.

So why do people do that? Why do they want a milkshake?

The mystery isn’t so hard to solve when you think about the needs and desires of the long-haul commuter. This is someone who isn’t just hungry but also slightly bored. And they are limited to one free hand since the other hand is (hopefully) operating the car as they drive many miles to the workplace.

Such a person, in such a situation, has multiple desires they wish to fulfill. A need for sustenance but also a need for distraction. They can fixate on a milkshake for thirty minutes. It has a slow burn rate. They can’t easily do that with an Egg McMuffin. Nibble all you want but that sandwich will get cold and unsavory in five minutes. To say nothing of the crumbs.

The point here is that the commuter, as Professor Christenson explains, has a certain “job to be done”. It isn’t merely the job of providing sustenance. It is also a job to provide distraction. So many commuters “hire” the milkshake to perform that dual-role.

And to return back to our featured author, who is also a professor, the “job to be done” represents the terminal desire for food and distraction. The milkshake is the instrumental desire.

When you think about a milkshake as an instrument, a thing you “hire”, you can quickly think of other solutions. A fruit smoothie immediately comes to mind. Or a protein shake.

Terminal desires what is

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Terminal desires what is

Добрый день! Уважаемые читатели и гости крупного IT блога Pyatilistnik.org. В прошлый раз я вам как увидеть скрытые папки в Windows 10. Сегодня мы поговорим, про одну очень важную вещь в IT инфраструктуре почти любой организации, речь пойдет про общие понятия терминальной фермы RDS (Remote Desktop Services). Мы узнаем из каких компонентов она состоит, какие сценарии развертывания есть у данной технологии, как она помогает улучшить работу сотрудников и уменьшить административную нагрузку на системного администратора или инженера. Это будет вводная статья, перед развертывание высокодоступной RDS фермы на Windows Server 2019.

Желания бизнеса и системного администратора

Если вернуться во времени лет на 10 назад, то работу компании или офиса можно представить вот в таком виде:

Исходя из этих тезисов, многие компании по разработке оборудования, программ и операционных систем, продолжали разработку модели при которой бизнес бы смог минимизировать время простоя при аварии и тем самым сделать сервисы лучше, надежнее и минимизировать нагрузку на системного инженера. Одним из таких шагов сделала компания Microsoft, выпустив службу «Удаленных рабочих столов (Служба терминалов, Терминальный стол или Remote Desktop Services)». Данная разработка решала ряд важных вещей:

Компоненты терминальной RDS фермы

Перед тем, как я вам приведу примеры внедрения технологии Remote Desktop Services в реальной жизни, я бы хотел вас познакомить с компонентами, которые входят в состав. Если вы откроете у себя Windows Server 2019 или другую версию по ниже, то в списке ролей вы сможете найти:

Типы развертывания RDS фермы в Windows Server

Существует несколько типов установки терминальной фермы на серверах Windows:

В Windows Server 2019 вы найдете только компонент «Соединитель Multipiont»

Служба Multipoint как вы поняли по лицензии доступна только для учебных и государственных учреждений, ее основная задача с помощью тонких клиентов, это такие компьютеры без оперативной памяти, жесткого диска, чаще всего без вентиляторов, подключить человека к удаленному серверу, ресурсы которого будут использоваться. На рисунке к серверу подключаются напрямую четыре клиента по USB и, к примеру, VGA-порты. Очевидно, что подобный тип подключения подразумевает соответствующие требования к аппаратной конфигурации головной станции и в некоторых сценариях не применим (масштабы, расстояние, мобильность)

А вот еще пример подключения тонких клиентов через USB хаб и через COM-порт.

Сценарии развертывания RDS фермы

Так же есть несколько сценариев развертывания:

Практические примеры внедрения терминальной фермы

Теперь я хочу вам показать, как можно внедрять RDS фермы в ваше рабочее окружение:

По приведенной ниже схеме прекрасно видно, что у нас есть два посредника подключений, у которых общая база данных, клиент подключается по DNS имени, которое разрешается в один из адресов RDCB, после чего попадает в нужную коллекцию.

Analysis of Desires

Desires are what make our lives interesting but there is a caveat.

When a person is born he does not have many desires. He is naturally in a state of happiness. Actually, love and happiness are our true nature, but only when we have sheaths of fear obstructing its expression do we start formulating various desires. Apprehensions arising out of not fulfilling these desires lead to further fears and the cycle continues.

Fear is the root cause

I have been pondering over the real reason behind the existence of various desires for quite some time. It occurs to me that when our true self is able to express itself unobstructed, we do not need anything else. It is only when some fears cause obstruction in the expression of our true selves that we seek outside means of attaining the original level of happiness by formulating various desires and trying to achieve them.

Example: Shyam was a happy child and was able to express himself freely. Then as he grew he developed an infatuation with girls and it caused fear in him as he lived in a conservative society. He was unable to express himself freely and started living a fearful life. Gradually people started avoiding him. In order to gain the original love, he started formulating desires like being a topper of the class or becoming school captain, etc as that would make people like him.

“Formulation of most of our desires is based on some form of emptiness within”

“And the root cause of emptiness is some form of fear”

Not all desires are bad

“The existence of desires is what makes us human”

Without desire, there won’t be any purpose in our human life. The desire to love and be loved is deeply ingrained in our psyche. Moreover, most of us do have some basic fears and these fears do give rise to some more desires. Till the time we are in this physical realm, such desire will provide the motivation to achieve worldly success.

Example: Ramakrishna Paramhansa was a great saint of India and he too had a desire for good food. Food is the basic necessity for the existence of life and one would fear bodily pain in absence of it. Moreover, it also gives the motivation to carry on daily duty without which Ramakrishna wouldn’t be able to have followers and share his wisdom.

“The basic desires are thus necessary to live a human life”

Excess of desires is not helpful

When the desires increase it leads to more apprehensions about not being able to fulfill anyone of them. Even if we have 10 desires that are fulfilled and there is one desire that remained unfulfilled, we still will be unhappy.

Example: When we see the image of birds at the beginning of this article, our focus is not all the 6 birds that are sitting straight but are on the one bird that isn’t. That is the issue with desires. Moreover, as the number of birds in the picture grows, the chances of having another fallen bird rise.

The analogy to shadow game

Most of us have played the game of creating various shadow figures on the wall. Some make figures of animals while others make that of cars, etc. I can again take the example of the birds presented at the beginning of the article. It is also an example of one of the shadow figures.

“Shadow figures created on the wall are analogous to the various desires that a person has”

If there are 5 people who are playing this game then everyone has to make some shadow figure. If one does not make any shadow figure then he is not in the game.

“This is analogous to having every person in the world have some form of desire”

“Without desire, a person may not play the game of life”

In the game of making shadow figures, a person wins who has the most number of beautiful figures. Here is where the analogy differs. In real life, a person wins i.e. he is the happiest if the shadow figures are less.

I can explain this using the analogy of people playing the game on the screen that is actually a solar panel. The winner is the one who can charge the battery fastest.

“The more the shadow figures, the lesser the efficiency of the solar panel to charge the battery”

When the shadow figure is less, it implies more light reaches the solar panel and hence more electricity is generated. This is analogous to having lesser desires leading to the more free flow of energy leading to a happier state of being.

Universe shall provide

One may argue that if one does not have any desire then he will find difficulty in leading life. I believe that one should concentrate on having himself free of fear. When one is free of fear, he will have lesser desires making him happier. Happier people are always liked by others around them. People also provide safety and other material wealth to happy people.

Example: When a child is born, he is devoid of all major fears. This makes him have lesser desires making him happy. The universe helps such children by providing them with parents who take care of their needs.

Another example: Monks in various parts of the world have a lesser number of desires and are generally happy. They too are provided with generous donations and that makes them continue with their way of life. Similarly, various celebrities are not celebrities because of their skillset but only because they have fewer fears.

Thus, we see that if a person is having fewer fears leading to fewer desires then the universe will make sure that they can continue to live happily. One need not worry about making a living.

Conclusion

Desires are what make us human but excess of them can cause us to become unhappy. Even if one has the majority of desires being fulfilled, if there is one desire that remained unfulfilled, the person will be unhappy.

One should not worry about losing motivation to do well in life in absence of desire. It is the duty of the universe to provide so that the person with the least desire does not have to struggle. He just has to ensure that he remains happy and devoid of fears.

In order to reach the state of happiness, one has to work upon removing the sheaths of fear using the technique of catharsis and refinement of the inner child. These are the only means of attaining fewer desires leading to a happier state of being.

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