The skies open and the rain pours down a sure sign that we are

The Universal Language of Music перевод текста

Перевод текста из книги по иностранному языку за 11 класс Starlight (Звездный Английский) на русский язык. Так-же присутствует оригинал из учебника.

The Universal Language of Music
The skies open and the rain pours down, a sure sign that we are enjoying an English summer. The ground beneath our feet is rapidly turning into a field of mud, but it doesn’t matter. I am having the time of my life, dancing and singing along to the music at the local WOMAD festival with thousands of other fans from all over the country.

The World of Music, Arts and Dance, or WOMAD, tries to give us a taste of the musical styles that are enjoyed all over the world, and it has become so successful that WOMAD festivals are now held in several countries. The idea for the festival was the brainchild of Peter Gabriel, (1-A) who came to fame as the lead singer of the rock group ‘Genesis’. His dream is to broaden our horizons, getting us away from the music we hear on the radio or TV everyday.

Gabriel says, «The festivals have always been wonderful and unique occasions (2-E) which have introduced many talented artists to an international audience. Equally important, they have also helped audiences to understand cultures other than their own through the enjoyment of music. Music is an international language that brings people together.

World music was the motivation for these hugely important three-day carnivals and to this day remains the main attraction but there are now other delights to experience. Over the years, the festival has turned into an event for the whole family. At this particular festival, I find activities designed for children as well as workshops, multi-media exhibits and stalls selling all kinds of hand-crafted goods. The fun is not only experienced by those in front of the stage, (3-F) but also by those backstage. I am lucky enough to be invited backstage, where there is a feeling of brotherhood and sisterhood among many of the artists, as well as a feeling that they are doing something to improve international understanding. The musicians have come here from all over the world, from Alaska to Zanzibar, so it is not surprising that the festivals have become known as the ‘Global Village’. Nobody is in competition to be the biggest or the best (4-B) and the focus is firmly on community spirit. Artists share changing rooms and food, laugh, joke and swap stories about life on the road. Although people are in high spirits, the weather is a major problem for this British festival. A common sight is people wearing a plastic bag on each foot. These do-it-yourself boots protect the wearer from the brown soup the field has become. Experiences like this explain why WOMAD has occasionally been renamed WOMUD.

Nothing, however, can dampen the enthusiasm of the audience. Taking a look at the fans from the stage, I see a crowd that is unified despite their differences. This togetherness is reflected in the final performance of the weekend, designed as a celebration of the main idea behind the festival. The artists gather on stage to give a performance in a multitude of languages. We might not understand every word, but the feelings are unmistakably universal. It just goes to prove that music truly has the ability to break down the language barriers, (5-G) which so often divide us.

The concert ends and I join the crowd as it drifts away, leaving behind the echo of the last note played (6-C) along with the mud-splattered field. The stage comes down and the tents, stalls and canteens are taken apart. The car park slowly empties as a quieter day dawns over the countryside. Another festival is over and all that remains are the fond memories. But the die-hard WOMAD fans are already looking forward to next year’s event. The real joy of having happy memories is the belief that, sometime, somewhere, you’ll get the chance to create even happier ones.

Универсальный язык музыки
Небеса открываются, и дождь льет вниз, верный признак того, что мы наслаждаемся английским летом. Земля под нашими ногами быстро превращается в поле грязи, но это не имеет значения. У меня есть время моей жизни, танцы и пение под музыку на местном фестивале WOMAD (World of Music, Arts and Dance— фестиваль мировой музыки, искусств и танца.) c тысячами других поклонников со всей страны.

Мир музыки, искусства и танца, или WOMAD, пытается дать нам представление о музыкальных стилях, которые пользуются во всем мире, и он стал настолько успешным, что фестивали WOMAD теперь проводятся в нескольких странах. Идея фестиваля стала детищем Питера Гэбриэла, который прославился как солист рок-группы «Genesis». Его мечта-расширить наши горизонты, чтобы мы ушли из музыки, которую мы слышим по радио или телевидению.

— «Фестивали всегда были замечательными и уникальными событиями, которые знакомят многих талантливых артистов с международной аудиторией. Не менее важно, они также помогают зрителям понять других культур через наслаждения музыкой. Музыка — это международный язык, который объединяет людей.

Мировая музыка была мотивацией для этих чрезвычайно важных трехдневных карнавалов и по сей день остается главной достопримечательностью, но теперь есть и другие удовольствия. С годами фестиваль превратился в событие для всей семьи. Именно на этом фестивале я нахожу мероприятия, предназначенные для детей, а также мастер-классы, мультимедийные выставки и киоски, продающие все виды товаров ручной работы. Веселье испытывают не только те, кто перед сценой, но и те, кто за кулисами. Мне посчастливилось быть приглашенным за кулисы, где среди многих артистов есть чувство братства и сестринства, а также ощущение, что они делают что-то для улучшения международного взаимопонимания.

Однако ничто не может ослабить энтузиазм аудитории. Глядя на болельщиков со сцены, я вижу толпу, которая едина, несмотря на различия. Это единение отражается в финальном исполнении уикенда, задуманном как празднование главной идеи фестиваля. Артисты собираются на сцене, чтобы дать представление на множестве языков. Мы можем не понимать каждое слово, но чувства безошибочно универсальны. Это лишь доказывает, что музыка действительно способна разрушить языковые барьеры, которые так часто разделяют нас.

Концерт заканчивается, и я присоединяюсь к толпе, когда она уходит, оставляя позади Эхо последней ноты, сыгранной вместе с грязью. Сцена опускается, палатки, ларьки и столовые разбираются. Автостоянка медленно пустеет, как тихий день рассветает над сельской местностью. Еще один фестиваль закончился, и все, что осталось — это теплые воспоминания. Но твердолобые фанаты WOMAD уже с нетерпением ждут события следующего года. Настоящая радость от счастливых воспоминаний-это вера в то, что когда-нибудь, где-нибудь, у вас появится шанс создать еще более счастливые воспоминания.

Переводы текстов English Михеева 11 класс Unit 1 Введение

Музыка, наряду с драмой и танцем, является одним из исполнительных видов искусства. Ее история уходит в прошлое еще дальше, чем
письменный язык, но так как она не была записана или зарегистрирована, почти вся музыка была потеряна для нас.
Сегодня музыка повсюду. Так было и многие столетия назад. Вы когда-либо гуляли в лесу, внезапно натыкаясь на небольшой ручей, весело бурлящий на бегу? Разве это не было похоже на музыку? Когда дождь легко стучит по крыше или сердечно поет птица— не похоже ли это на музыку?
Когда человек впервые начал замечать все вокруг себя, вокруг уже была своего рода музыка. И потом, когда он хотел выразить большую радость, когда он хотел прыгать и кричать и так или иначе выразить то, что чувствует, он чувствовал музыку в самом себе, возможно, прежде, чем мог выразить ее.
Наконец, человек научился петь, и это был первый человек, который создал музыку. Что по вашему мнению, является первым, что человек захочет выразить в своей песне? Да, счастье любви. Первые песни, когда-либо спетые, были песнями о любви. С другой стороны, когда человек находился на волоске от смерти, которая пугала его, он выражал это так же, в различного рода песнях, в жанрах панихиды или скандирования.
Теперь мы не можем вообразить жизни без музыки. Никакие специальные знания не требуются, чтобы слушать музыку, но нужно много учиться, чтобы стать исполнителем. Все великие музыканты объединяли талант и тяжелую работу, чтобы стать действительно известными.

Английская версия текстов, переведенных выше:
Introduction
Music — along with drama and dance — is one of the per¬forming arts. Its history runs further into the past than writ¬ten language, but because it was not written down or recorded, nearly all music is lost to us.
Today music is everywhere. So it was many centuries ago. Did you ever walk in a forest and suddenly come upon a little brook bubbling merrily along its path? Didn’t it sound like music? When the rain pitter-patters against a roof, or a bird sings heartily — aren’t these like music?
When man first began to notice his surroundings, there was a kind of music already there. And then when he wanted to express great joy, when he wanted to jump and shout and somehow express what he felt, he felt music in his being, per¬haps before he was able to express it.
Eventually man learned to sing, and this was the first man- made music. What do you think would be the first thing man would want to express in his song? Yes, the happiness of love. The first songs ever sung were love songs. On the other hand, when man was face to face with death which brought him fear, he expressed this, too, in a different kind of song, a kind of dirge or chant.
Now we can’t imagine our lives without music. No special knowledge is required to listen to music, but much study is required to become a performer. All great musicians combined talent and hard work to become really famous.

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12. Заполните пропуски, используя will или to be going to и раскройте скобки : 1) There are dark clouds in the sky?

12. Заполните пропуски, используя will или to be going to и раскройте скобки : 1) There are dark clouds in the sky.

It _______ (rain).

2) I think he _______ (come) tomorrow.

3) The wind is blowing wildly.

That tree _______(fall) down.

4) I believe, the children _______ (not / enjoy) this party.

1) There are dark clouds in the sky.

It is going to rain.

2) I think he will come tomorrow.

3) The wind is blowing wildly.

That tree is going to

4) I believe, the children won’t enjoy this party.

Подберите пары и составьте предложения?

Подберите пары и составьте предложения.

Используйте is / are.

Например : The sky is very dark at night.

Помогите пожалуйста)))) combine the sentences as in the example?

Помогите пожалуйста)))) combine the sentences as in the example.

Example : he will come tomorrow.

We will play bascetball.

— If the comes tomorrow we will play basketball.

1. he will not go to the cinema.

We will watch TV.

2. the wind will blow from the West.

3. You won»t wake me up.

I will miss train.

4. He will not come in time.

We will go without him.

5. It will rain on Sunday.

The children will stay at home.

Перевод на русский it is cold it is hot rain snow the sun the sky the sea the wind to shine to blow to be warm?

Перевод на русский it is cold it is hot rain snow the sun the sky the sea the wind to shine to blow to be warm.

Помогите пожалуйста срочно нужно?

Помогите пожалуйста срочно нужно!

Напишите глаголы в скобках в форме либо the Present Simple Tense либо в форме the Present Progressive Tense.

Вот текст : The Weather in the UK.

It often_______(rain) in the UK.

In some places it___________(rain) more often.

In Glasgow it _____(rain) almost every day.

In Colchester it ________(not rain) often.

It`s April in London.

The trees are in blossom, there are flowers everywhere.

There are a lot of visitors in the Tower of London.

The ravens ______(hide) / It`s going to rain.

It ____(rain) now.

The wind ________(blow).

Now the rain is over.

The sun _____(shine)The birds ___(sing).

— the ceiling in this room does not look very safe, does it?

— the ceiling in this room does not look very safe, does it?

1is falling 2were going to fall 3will fall 4is going to fall.

Закончить предложения?

Complete the dialogue with the proper answer?

Complete the dialogue with the proper answer.

— Look at those dark clouds.

It always (rain) when we go for a walk?

Why the sky is dark.

Помогите пожалуйста 35 балла?

Помогите пожалуйста 35 балла!

Use the words in braсkets to paraphrase the following sentences so that they mean the same.

1. The weather forecast says that it will be rainy tomorrow, (rain) It ………………………………………………………………….

2. I’m quite sure that he will come to the party on Sunday, (likely) He ………………………………………………………….

To the party on Sunday.

3. I’m not really sure that he will bring a friend with him to the party, (possible) It …………………………………………….

Bring a friend with him to the party.

4. I’m quite sure that it won’t snow in the morning, (likely) It ………………………………………………………………….

5. I’m sure it will be sunny tomorrow, (rain) It …………………………………………………….

Помогите?

The clouds(are sailing, sail, sailed) across the sky now.

The sky (will be, is, was) clear and cloudless two hours ago.

The wind (will blow, blew, blows) very hard tomorrow.

It(will rain, is raining, rains) every day.

Rob often (will take, takes, took) books from the school library.

The children (are playing, played, will play) outdoors now.

You(cut, have cut, are cutting) the bread already.

Patrick ( coloured, colours, will colour) his picture at the next lesson.

Tony(is getting up, got up, gets up) early in the morning yesterday.

1) we were waiting for the train on the platform. 2)we ussuslly have a breakfast at 9 o’clock. 7) lf they ho to Kyiv, they will visit many musseums. 8) l will dance if they played my favourite song 9)Go to the kitchen.

Ex 2 1. D 2. E 3. B 4. A 5. F 6. C Ex 3 2. Shorter 3. Bigger 4. Older / Elder 5. Younger 6. More comfortable.

1. Kazakhstan, Astana. 2. very big country 3. Many 4. Kazakh.

1) Great Britain / London 2) busy city 3)8 million 4) english.

1 1) If it (is not) too cold, I (not put) on my coat. 2) I (will write) the composition if you (do not disturb) me. 3) His vocabulary (will increase) greatly if he ( reads) fifty pages. 4) You (will go) to the Philarmonic much more often if you re..

1) used to go swimming 2) was dancing 3) were you laughing 4) used to drink 5) rode 6) was writing 7) was raining 8) used to play 9) Sang 10) was cleaning.

Are is are aren’t are isn’t is aren’t are isn’t is is.

1)I spend the time of my life right 2)The wall is very dense 3)The mouth of the river is its end 4)We make our way through the storm 5)We will win and get the main winning.

VIRGIL was a Latin poet who flourished in Rome in the C1st B.C. during the reign of the Emperor Augustus. His works include the Aeneid, an twelve book epic describing the founding of Latium by the Trojan hero Aeneas, and two pastoral poems—Eclogues and Georgics.

Virgil. Eclogues, Georgics, Aeneid. Translated by Fairclough, H R. Loeb Classical Library Volumes 63 & 64. Cambridge, MA. Harvard University Press. 1916.

Revised versions of these two volumes are available new from Amazon.com (click on image right for details). In addition to the translation of Virgil’s three poems, the book contains recent text revisions by G. P. Goold, source Latin texts, Fairclough’s footnotes and an index of proper names.

These, as well as several other more recent translations and academic commentaries, appear in the booklist (below left).

GEORGICS CONTENTS

GEORGICS BOOK 1

[1] What makes the crops joyous, beneath what star, Maecenas, it is well to turn the soil, and wed vines to elms, what tending the cattle need, what care the herd in breeding, what skill the thrifty bees – hence shall I begin my song. O most radiant lights of the firmament, that guide through heaven the gliding year, O Liber and bounteous Ceres, if by your grace Earth changed Chaonia’s acorn for the rich corn ear, and blended draughts of Achelous with the newfound grapes, and you Fauns, the rustics’ ever present gods (come trip it, Fauns, and Dryad maids withal!), ‘tis of your bounties I sing. And Neptune, for whom Earth, smitten by your mighty trident, first sent forth the neighing steed; you, too, spirit of the groves [Aristaeus], for whom thrice a hundred snowy steers crop Cea’s rich thickets; you too, Pan, guardian of the sheep, leaving your native woods and glades of Lycaeus, as you love your own Maenalus, come of your grace, Tegean lord! Come, Minerva, inventress of the olive; you, too, youth [Triptolemus], who showed to man the crooked plough; and you, Silvanus, with a young uprooted cypress in your hand; and gods and goddesses all, whose love guards our fields – both you who nurse the young fruits, springing up unsown, and you who on the seedlings send down from heaven plenteous rain! And you above all, Caesar, whom we known not what company of the gods shall claim ere long; whether you choose to watch over cities and care for our lands, that so the great globe may receive you as the giver of increase and lord of the seasons, wreathing your brows with your mother’s myrtle; whether you come as god of the boundless sea and sailors worship your deity alone, while farthest Thule owns your lordship and Tethys with the dowry of all her waves buys you to wed her daughter; or whether you add yourself as a new star to the lingering months, where, between the Virgin and the grasping Claws, a space is opening (lo! for you even now the blazing Scorpion draws in his arms, and has left more than a due portion of the heaven!) – whatever you are to be (for Tartarus hopes not for you as king, and may such monstrous lust of empire never seize you, though Greece is enchanted by the Elysian fields, and Proserpine reclaimed cares not to follow her mother), grant me a calm voyage, give assent to my bold emprise, and pitying with me the rustics who know not their way, enter upon your kingdom, and learn even now to hearken to our prayers!

[43] In the dawning spring, when icy streams trickle from snowy mountains, and the crumbling clod breaks at the Zephyr’s touch, even then would I have my bull groan over the deep-driven plough, and the share glisten when rubbed by the furrow. That field only answers the covetous farmer’s prayer which twice has felt the sun and twice the frost; from it boundless harvests burst the granaries. And ere our iron cleaves an unknown plain, be it first our care to learn the winds and the wavering moods of the sky, the wonted tillage and nature of the ground, what each clime yields and what each disowns. Here corn, there grapes spring more luxuriantly; elsewhere young trees shoot up, and grasses unbidden. See you not, how Tmolus sends us saffron fragrance, India her ivory, the soft Sabaeans their frankincense; but the naked Chalybes give us iron, Pontus the strong-smelling beaver’s oil, and Epirus the Olympian victories of her mares? From the first, Nature laid these laws and eternal covenants on certain lands, even from the day when Deucalion threw stones into the empty world, whence sprang men, a stony race. Come then, and where the earth’s soil is rich, let your stout oxen upturn it straightway, in the year’s first months, and let the clods lie for dusty summer to bake with her ripening suns; but should the land not be fruitful, it will suffice, on the eve of Arcturus’ rising, to raise it lightly with shallow furrow – in the one case, that weeds may not choke the gladsome corn; in the other, that the scant moisture may not desert the barren sand.

[71] In alternate seasons you will also let your fields lie fallow after reaping, and the plain idly stiffen with scurf; or, beneath another star, sow yellow corn in lands whence you have first carried off the pulse that rejoices in its quivering pods, or the fruits of the slender vetch, or the brittle stalks and rattling tangle of the bitter lupine. For a crop of flax parches the ground; oats parch it, and poppies, steeped in Lethe’s slumber. Yet by changing crops the toil is light; only be not ashamed to feed fat the dried-out soil with rich dung, and to scatter grimy ashes over the exhausted fields. Thus also, with change of crop, the land finds rest, and meanwhile not thankless in the unploughed earth. Often, too, it has been useful to fire barren fields, and burn the light stubble in crackling flames; whether it be that the earth derives thence hidden strength and rich nutriment, or that in the flame every taint is baked out and the useless moisture sweats from it, or that that heat opens fresh paths and loosens hidden pores, by which the sap may reach the tender blades, or that it rather hardens the soil and narrows the gaping veins, that so the searching showers may not harm, or the blazing sun’s fierce tyranny wither it, or the North Wind’s piercing cold.

[94] Much service does he do the land who with the mattock breaks up the sluggish clods, and drags over it hurdles of osier; nor is it without reward that golden Ceres looks on him from Olympian heights. Much service, too does he who turns his plough and again breaks crosswise through the ridges which he raised when first he cut the plain, ever at his post to discipline the ground, and give his orders to the fields.

[100] For moist summers and sunny winters, pray, farmers! With winter’s dust most gladsome is the corn, gladsome is the field: under no tillage does Mysia so glory, and then even Gargarus marvels at his own harvests. Need I tell of him who flings the seed, then, hoe in hand, closes with the soil, and levels the hillocks of barren sand; then brings to his crops the rills of the stream he guides, and when the scorches land swelters, the green blades dying, lo, from the brow of the channeled slope decoys the water? Down it falls, and waking a hoarse murmur amid the smooth stones, slakes the thirsty soil with its gushing stream. Need I tell of him who, lest the stalk droop with overweighted ears, grazes down his luxuriant crop in the young blade as soon as the growing corn is even with the furrow’s top, or of him who draws off a marsh’s gathered moisture with absorbent sand – chiefly when, in treacherous months, a river at the full overlflows, and far and wide cloaks all in mud, till the hollow ditches steam with warm vapour?

[118] Nor yet, after all that the toil of man and beast has achieved in oft turning the land, does the rascally goose do no mischief, or the Strymonian cranes, or the bitter fibres of chicory; nor is the shade of trees harmless. The great Father himself has willed that the path of husbandry should not run smooth, who first made art awake the fields, sharpening men’s wits by care, nor letting his kingdom slumber in heavy lethargy. Before the reign of Jove no tillers subjucated the land: even to mark possession of the plain or apportion it by boundaries was sacrilege; man made gain for the common good, and Earth of her own accord gave her gifts all the more freely when none demanded them. Jove it was who put the noxious venom into deadly snakes, who bade the wolf turn robber and the ocean swell with tempest, who stripped honey from the leaves, hid fire from view, and stayed the wine that once ran everywhere in streams, so that experience, from taking thought, might little by little forge all manner of skills, seeking in ploughed furrows the blade of corn, striking forth the spark hidden in the veins of flint. Then first did rivers feel upon their backs boats of hollowed alder, then the mariner grouped and named the stars, Pleiads and Hyads and Lycaon’s daughter, the radiant Bear. Then was discovered how to catch game with traps, snare birds with lime, and how to encircle vase coverts with hunting dogs. Already one man is lashing a broad stream with his casting net, seeking the bottom, while another trawls through the sea his dripping meshes. Then came unyielding iron and the blade o the rasping saw (for primitive man used wedges to cleave wood until it split), and art followed hard on art. Toil triumphed over every obstacle, unrelenting Toil, and Want that pinches when life is hard.

[147] Ceres was the first to teach men to turn the earth with iron, when the acorns and the arbutes of the sacred wood began to fail, and Dodona withheld her food. Soon, too, on the corn fell trouble, the baneful mildew feeding on the stems, and the lazy thistle bristling in the fields; the crops die, and instead springs up a prickly growth of burs and caltrops, and amid the smiling corn luckless darnel and barren oats hold sway. Therefore, unless your hoe is ever ready to assail the weeds, your voice to terrify the birds, your knife to check the shade over the darkened land, and your prayers to invoke the rain, in vain, poor man, you will gaze on your neighbour’s large store of grain, and you will be shaking oaks in the woods to assuage your hunger.

[160] I must tell, too, of the hardy farmers’ weapons, without which the crops could be neither sown nor raised. First the share and the curved plough’s heavy frame, the slow-rolling wains of the Mother of Eleusis, sledges and drags, and hoes of cruel weight; further, the common wicker ware of Celeus, arbute hurdles and the mystic fan of Iacchus. All of these you will remember to provide and store away long beforehand, if the glory the divine country gives is to be yours in worthy measure. From the first, even in the woods, an elm, bent by main force, is trained for the stock, and receives the form of the crooked plough. To the temp of this is fitted a pole, eight feet in length, with two mould boards, and a share beam with double back. A light linden, too, is felled beforehand for the yoke, and a tall beech for the handle, to turn the car below from the rear; and the wood is hung above the hearth for the smoke to season.

[176] I can repeat for you many olden maxims, unless you shrink back and are loath to learn such trivial cares. And chiefly, the threshing floor must be leveled with a heavy roller, kneaded with the hand, and made solid with binding clay, lest weeds spring up, or, crumbling into dust, it gape open, and then divers plagues make mock of you. Often under the ground the tiny mouse sets up a home and builds his storehouses, or sightless moles dig out chambers; in holes may be found the toad, and all the countless pests born of the earth; or the weevil ravages a huge heap of grain, or the ant, fearful of a destitute old age.

[187] Mark, too, when in the woods the walnut clothes itself thickly in blossom and bends its fragrant boughs: if the fruit prevails, the corn crops will keep pace with it, and a great threshing come with a great heat; but if the shade is abundant in the fullness of leafage, in vain shall your floor thresh stalks, rich only in chaff. Many a sower have I seen treat his seeds, drenching them first with nitre and black oil lees, that the deceitful pods might yield larger produce, and the grains be sodden quickly, however small the fire. I have seen seeds, though picked long and tested with much pains, yet degenerate, if human toil, year after year, culled not the largest by hand. Thus by law of fate all things speed towards the worse and slipping away fall back even as if one, whose oars can scarce force his skiff against the stream, should be chance slacken his arms, and lo! headlong down the current the channel sweeps it away.

[204] Furthermore, we must watch the star of Arcturus, the days of the Kids, and the gleaming Snake, even as they do who, sailing homeward over windswept seas, brave the Pontus and the jaws of oyster-breeding Abydus. When the Balance makes the hours of daytime and sleep equal, and now parts the world in twain; half in light and half in shade, then, my men, work your oxen, sow barley in your fields, as late as the eve of winter’s rains, when work must cease. Then, too, is the time to hide in the ground your crop of flax and the poppy of Ceres; and high time is it to bend to the plough, while the dry soil will let you and the clouds are still aloft. Spring is the sowing time for beans; then, too, the crumbling furrows welcome you, Median clover, and the millet claims our yearly care, when the snow-white Bull with gilded horns ushers in the year, and the Dog sets, retiring before the Bull’s confronting star. But if for harvest of wheat and for hardy spelt you ply the ground, and if grain alone is your aim, first let the daughters of Atlas pass from your sight in the morn, and let the Cretan star of the blazing Crown withdraw ere you commit to the furrows the seeds due, or hasten to trust the year’s hope to a reluctant soil. Many have begun ere Maia’s setting, but the looked-for crop has mocked them with empty straws. Yet if you choose to sow the vetch or homely kidney bean, and scorn not the care of Egyptian lentil, setting Boötes will send you no doubtful signs. Begin, and carry on your sowing to midwinter’s frosts.

[231] To this end the golden Sun rules his circuit, portioned out in fixed divisions, through the world’s twelve constellations. Five zones comprise the heavens; whereof one is ever glowing with the flashing sun, ever scorched by his flames. Round this, at the world’s ends, two stretch darling to right and left, set fast in ice and black storms. Between these and the idle zone, two by grace of the gods have been vouchsafed to feeble mortals; and a path is cut between the two, wherein the slanting array of the Signs may turn. As our globe rises steep to Scythia and the Riphaean crags, so its slopes downward to Libya’s southland. One pole is ever high above us, while the other, beneath our feet, is seen of black Styx and shades infernal. Here, with his tortuous coils, the mighty Snake glides forth, river-like, about and between the two Bears – the Bears that shrink from the plunge beneath Ocean’s plain. There, men say, is either the silence of lifeless night, and gloom ever thickening beneath night’s pall; or else Dawn returns from us and brings them back the day, and when on us the rising Sun first breathes with panting steeds, there glowing Vesper is kindling his evening rays. Hence, though the sky be fitful, we can foretell the weather’s changes, hence the harvest tide and sowing time; when it is meet to lash with oars the sea’s faithless calm, when to launch our well-rigged fleet, or in the woods to fell the pine in season. Not in vain do we watch the signs, as they rise and set, and the year, uniform in its four several seasons.

[259] Whenever a cold shower keeps the farmer indoors, he can prepare at leisure much that ere long in clear weather must needs be hurried. The ploughman hammers out the hard tooth of the blunted share, scoops troughs from trees, or sets a brand upon his flocks and labels upon his corn heaps. Others sharpen stakes and two-pronged forks, or make bands of Amerian willows for the limber vine. Now let the pliant basket be woven of briar twigs, now roast corn by the fire, now grind it on the stone. Even on holy days, the laws of God and man permit you to do certain tasks. No scruples ever forbade us to guide down the rills, to defend a crop with a hedge, to set snares for birds, to fire brambles, or to plunge bleating flocks into the health-giving stream. Oft, too, the driver loads his slow donkey’s sides with oil or cheap fruits, and as he comes back from town brings with him an indented millstone or a mass of black pitch.

[276] The Moon herself has ordained various days in various grades as lucky for work. Shun the fifth; then pale Orcus and the Furies were born; then in monstrous labour Earth bore Coeus, and Iapetus and fierce Typhoeus, and the brethren who were banded to break down Heaven. Thrice did they essay to pile Ossa on Pelion, and over Ossa to roll leafy Olympus; thrice, with his bolt, the Father dashed apart their up-piled mountains. The seventeenth is lucky for planting the vine, for yoking and breaking in oxen, and for adding the leashes to the warp. The ninth is a friend to the runaway, a foe to the thief.

[287] There are many things, too, that make better progress in the cool of night, or when at early sunrise the day star bedews the earth. At night the light stubble is best shorn, at night the thirsty meadows; at night the softening moisture fails not. One I know spends wakeful hours by the late blaze of a winter fire, and with sharp knife points torches; his wife the while solaces with song her long toil, runs the shrill shuttle through the web, or on the fire boils down the sweet juice of must, and skims with leaves the froth of the bubbling cauldron. But Ceres’ golden grain is cut down in noonday heat, and in noonday heat the floor threshes the parched ears. Strip to plough, strip to sow; winter is the farmer’s lazy time. In cold weather farmers chiefly enjoy their gains, and feast together in merry companies. Winter’s cheer calls them, and loosens the weight of care – even as when laden keels have at last reaches port, and the merry sailors have crowned the poops with garlands. Still, then is the time to strip the acorns and laurel berries, the olive and blood-red myrtle; the time to set snares for cranes and nets for the stag, and to chase the long-eared hares; the time to smite the does, as you whirl the hempen thongs of a Balearic sling – when the snow lies deep, when the rivers roll down the ice.

[311] Why need I tell of autumn’s changes and stars, and for what our workers must watch, as the day now grows shorter and summer softer, or when spring pours down in showers, as the bearded harvest now bristles in the fields, and the corn on its green stem swells with milk? Often when the farmer was bringing the reaper into his golden fields and was just beginning to strip the barley from the frail stalk, I have seen all the winds close in conflict, tearing up the heavy corn far and wide from its deepest roots and tossing it on high; so in a black whirlwind did the storm sweep away the light straw and flying stubble. Often, too, there appears in the sky a mighty column of waters, and clouds mustered from on high roll up a murky tempest of black showers: down falls the lofty heaven, and with its deluge of rain washes away the gladsome crops and the labours of oxen. The dykes fill, the deep-channelled rivers swell and roar, and the sea steams in its heaving friths. The Father himself, in midnight of storm clouds, wields his bolts with flashing hand. At that shock the mighty earth shivers; far flee the beasts and all over the world prostrating terror lays low men’s hearts; he with blazing bolt dashes down Athos or Rhodope or the Ceraunian peaks. The winds redouble; more and more thickens the rain; now woods, now shores wail with the mighty blast. In fear of this, mark the months and signs of heaven; whither Saturn’s cold star withdraws itself and into what circles of the sky strays the Cyllenian fire. Above all, worship the gods, and pay great Ceres her yearly rites, sacrificing on the glad sward, with the setting of winter’s last days, when clear springtime is now come. Then lambs are fat and wine is most mellow; then sweet is sleep, and thick are the shadows on the hills. Then let all your country folk worship Ceres; for her wash the honeycomb with milk and soft wine, and three time let the luck-bringing victim pass round the young crops, while the whole choir of your comrades follow exulting, and loudly call Ceres into their homes; nor let any put his sickle to the ripe corn, ere for Ceres he crown his brows with oaken wreath, dance artless measures, and chant her hymns.

[351] And that through unfailing signs we might learn these dangers – the heat, and the rain, and the cold-bringing winds – the Father himself decreed what warning the monthly moon should give, what should signal the fall of the wind, and what sight, oft seen, should prompt the farmer to keep his cattle nearer to their stalls. From the first, when the winds are rising, either the sea’s straits begin to heave and swell, and on mountain heights is heard a dry crash, or the shores ring a confused echo afar and the woodland murmur waxes loud. Then, too the wave scarce keeps itself from the curved keel, when the fleet gulls fly back from mid-ocean, wafting their screams shoreward, and when the sea coots sport on dry land, and the heron quits its home in the marsh and soars aloft above the clouds. Often, too, when wind is threatening, you will see stars shoot headlong from the sky and behind them long trails of flame, gleaming white amid night’s blackness; often light chaff and falling leaves fly about and feathers dance as they float on the water’s top. But when it lightens from the region of the grim North, and when the home of the East and West winds thunders, then the ditches overflow and all the fields are flooded, while on the deep every mariner furls his dripping sails. Never has rain brought ill to men unwarned. Either, as it gathers, the sky cranes flee before it in the valley’s depths; or the heifer looks up to heaven, and with open nostrils snuffs the breeze, or the twittering swallow flits round the pools, and in the mud the frogs croak their immemorial plaint. Often, too, the ant, wearing her narrow path, brings out her eggs from her inmost cells and a great rainbow drinks, and an army of rooks, quitting their pasture in long array, clang with series wings. Again, you may see the manifold birds of the sea, and such as, in Cayster’s sweet pools, rummage round the Asian meadows, now rivaling each other in pouring the copious spray over their shoulders, now dashing their heads in the waves, now running into the waters, and aimlessly exulting in the joy of the bath. Then the villainous raven with deep tones calls down the rain, and in solitary state stalks along the dry sea sand. Even at night, maidens that spin their tasks have not failed to mark a storm as they saw the oil sputter in the blazing lamp, and a mouldy fungus gather on the wick.

[394] Nor less after rain may you foresee bright suns and cloudless skies, and know them by sure signs. For then the stars’ bright edge is seen undimmed, and the moon rises under no dept to her brothers’ rays, and no thin fleecy clouds pass over the sky. Not now do the halcyons, the pride of Thetis, spread their wings on the shore to catch the warm sun, nor do the uncleanly swine think of tossing straw bundles to pieces with their snouts. But the mists are prone to seek the valleys, and rest on the plain, and the owl, as she watches the sunset from some high peak, vainly plies her evening song. Nisus is seen aloft in the clear sky, and Scylla suffers for the crimson lock. Wherever she flees, cleaving the light air with her wings, lo! savage and ruthless, with loud whirr Nisus follows through the sky; where Nisus mounts skyward, she flees in haste, cleaving the light air with her wings. Then the rooks, with narrowed throat, thrice or four times repeat their soft cries, and oft in their high nests, joyous with some strange, unwonted delight, chatter to each other amid the leaves. Glad are they, they rains over, to see once more their little brood and their sweet nests. Not, methinks, that they have wisdom from on high, or from Fate a larger foreknowledge of things to be; but that when the weather and fitful vapours of the sky have turned their course, and Jove, wet with south winds, thickens what just now as rare, and makes rare what now as thick, the phase of their minds change, and their breasts now conceive impulses, other than they felt when the wind was chasing the clouds. Hence that chorus of the birds in the fields, the gladness of the cattle, and the exulting cries of the rocks.

[424] But if you pay heed to the swift sun and the moons, as they follow in order, never will tomorrow’s hour cheat you, nor will you be ensnared by a cloudless night. Soon as the moon gathers her returning fires, if she encloses a dark mist within dim horns, a heavy rain is awaiting farmers and seamen. But if over her face she spreads a maiden blush, there will be wind; as wind rises, golden Phoebe ever blushes. But if at her fourth rising – for that is our surest guide – she pass through the sky clear and with undimmed horns, then all that day, and the days born of it to the month’s end, shall be free from rain and wind; and the sailors, safe in port, shall pay their vows on the shore to Glaucus, and to Panopea, and to Melicerta, Ino’s son.

[438] The sun, too, alike when rising and when sinking under the waves, will give tokens: tokens most sure will attend the sun, both those he brings each dawn and those he shows as the stars arise. When, hidden in cloud, he has chequered with spots his early dawn, and is shrunk back in the centre of his disc, beware of showers; for from the deep the South Wind is sweeping, foe to tree and crop and herd. Or when at dawn scattered shafts break out amid thick clouds, or when Aurora rises pale, as she leaves Tithonus’ saffron couch, ah! Poorly then will the vine leaf guard the ripe grapes, so thick the bristling hail dances rattling on the roofs. This, too, when he has traversed the sky and now is setting, it will profit you more to bear in mind; for often we see fitful hues flit over his face: a dark hue threatens rain, a fiery hue, east winds; but if the spots begin to mingle with glowing fire, then shall you see all nature rioting with wind and storm clouds alike. On such a night let none urge me to travel on the deep, or pluck my cable from the land. Yet if, both when he brings back the day, and when he closes the day he brought, his disc is bright, then vain will be your fear of storm clouds, and you will see the woods sway in the clear north wind.

[461] In short, the message of late evening, the quarter whence the wind drives clear the clouds, the purpose of the rainy South – of all the Sun will give you signs. Who dare say the Sun is false? He and no other warns us when dark uprisings threaten, when treachery and hidden wars are gathering strength. He and no other was moved to pity Rome on the day that Caesar died, when he veiled his radiance in gloom and darkness, and a godless age feared everlasting night. Yet in this hour Earth also and the plains of Ocean, ill-boding dogs and birds that spell mischief, sent signs which heralded disaster. How oft before our eyes did Etna deluge the fields of the Cyclopes with a torrent from her burst furnaces, hurling thereon balls of fire and molten rocks. Germany heard the noise of battle sweep across the sky and, even without precedent, the Alps rocked with earthquakes. A voice boomed through the silent groves for all to hear, a deafening voice, and phantoms of unearthly pallor were seen in the falling darkness. Horror beyond words, beasts uttered human speech; rivers stood still, the earth gaped upon; in the temples ivory images wept for grief, and beads of sweat covered bronze statues. King of waterways, the Po swept forests along in the swirl of his frenzied current, carrying with him over the plain cattle and stalls alike. Nor in that same hour did sinister filaments cease to appear in ominous entrails or blood to flow from wells or our hillside towns to echo all night with the howl of wolves. Never fell more lightning from a cloudless sky; never was comet’s alarming glare so often seen. So it was that Philippi beheld for a second time Roman armies clash in the shock of matching arms; and Heaven above did not demur at Macedon and the broad Balkan plains being twice glutted with the blood of our fellow citizens. Yes, and a time will come when in those lands the farmer, as he cleaves the soil with his curved plough, will find javelins corroded with rusty mould, or with his heavy hoe will strike empty helmets, and marvel at gigantic bones in the upturned graves.

[498] Gods of my country, Heroes of the land, you, Romulus, and you, mother Vesta, who guard the Tuscan Tiber and the Palatine of Rome, at least do not prevent this young prince from succouring a world in ruins! Long enough has our life-blood paid for Laomedon’s perjury at Troy; long enough have Heaven’s courts grudged you, Caesar, to us, complaining that you care for earthly triumphs! For here are right and wrong inverted; so many wars overrun the world, sin walks in so many shapes; respect for the plough is gone; our lands, robbed of the tillers, lie waste, and curved pruning hooks are forged into straight blades. Here Euphrates, there Germany, calls to arms; breaking the covenants which bind them, neighbouring cities draw the sword; the god of unholy strife rages throughout the world, even as when from the starting gates the chariots stream forth and gather speed lap by lap, while the driver, tugging vainly at the reins, is carried along by his steeds, and the car heeds not the curb!

GEORGICS BOOK II

[1] Thus far the tillage of the fields and the stars of heaven: now you, Bacchus, will I sing, and with you the forest saplings, and the offspring of the slow-growing olive. Hither Lenaean sire! Here all is full of your bounties; for you blossoms the field teeming with the harvest of the vine, and the vintage foams in the brimming vats. Come hither, Lenaean sire, strip off your buskins and with me plunge your naked legs in the new must.

[9] Firstly, Nature has manifold ways for rearing trees. For some, under no man’s constraint, spring up of their own free will, and far and wide claim the plains and winding rivers; such as the limber osier and lithe broom, the poplar, and the pale willow beds with silvery leafage. But some spring from fallen seed, as tall chestnuts, and the mast tree, monarch of the woodland, that spreads its shade for Jove, and the oaks, deemed by the Greeks oracular. With others a dense undergrowth sprouts from the parent root, as with cherries and elms; the laurel of Parnassus, too, springs up, a tiny plant, beneath its mother’s mighty shade. These are the modes Nature first ordained; these give verdure to every kind of forest trees and shrubs and sacred groves.

[22] Others there are which Experience has in her course discovered for herself. One man tears away suckers from the mother’s tender frame, and sets them in furrows; another buries in the ground stems, both as cross-cleft shafts and as sharp-pointed stakes. Some trees await the arches of the bent layer, and slips set while yet quick in their own soil; others need no root, and the pruner fears not to take the topmost spray and again entrust it to the earth. When the trunks are cleft – how wondrous the tale! – an olive root thrusts itself from the dry wood. Often, too, we see one tree’s branches turn harmless into another’s, the pear transformed bearing engrafted apples, and stony cornels blushing on the plum.

[35] Up, therefore, husbandmen, learn the culture proper to each after its kind; your wild fruits tame by tillage, and let not your soil lie idle. What joy to plant all Ismarus with the vine, and clothe great Taburnus with the olive! And you, Maecenas, my pride, my justest title to fame, come and traverse with me the oilsome course I have essayed, and spread your sails to speed over an open sea. Not mine the wish to embrace all the theme within my verse, not though I had a hundred tongues, a hundred mouths, and a voice of iron! Draw night, and skirt the near shoreline – the land is close at hand. Not here will I detain you with songs of fancy, amid rambling paths and lengthy preludes.

[47] Trees that of free will lift themselves into realms of light spring up unfruitful, but rejoicing in their strength, for within the soil is native force. Yet even these, if one graft them, or transplant and commit to well-worked trenches, will doff their wild spirit, and under constant tillage will readily follow any lessons you would have them learn. So, too, the sucker, which springs barren from the bottom of the stem, would do likewise, if set out amid open fields: as it is, the mother tree’s branches and deep leafage overshadow it, robbing it of fruit as it grows, and blasting it in the bearing. Again, the tree which rears itself from chance-dropped seeds rises slowly and will yield its shade to our children of later days; its fruits, too, degenerate, forgetting their olden flavour, and the vine bears sorry clusters, for the birds to pillage.

[61] On all, be sure, must labour be spent; all must be marshaled into trenches, and tamed with much trouble. But olives answer best from truncheons, vines from layers, Paphian myrtles from the solid stem. From suckers spring sturdy hazels, and the giant ash, the shady tree that crowned Hercules, and the acorns of the Chaonian sire. So, too, rises the lofty palm, and the fir that will see the perils of the deep. But the rough arbutus is grafted with a walnut shoot, and barren planes have oft borne hardy apple boughs; the beech has grown white with the chestnut’s snowy bloom, the ash with the pear’s; and swine have crunched acorns beneath the elm.

[73] Nor is the mode of grafting and of budding the same. For where the buds push out from amid the bark, and burst their tender sheaths, a narrow slit is made just in the knot; in this from an alien tree they insert a bud, and teach it to grow in the sappy bark. Or, again, knotless boles are cut open, and with wedges a path is cleft deep into the core; then fruitful slips are let in, and in a little while, lo! a mighty tree shots up skyward with joyous boughs, and marvels at its strange leafage and fruits not its own.

[83] Further, not single in kind are sturdy elms, or the willow, or the lotus, or the cypresses of Ida, nor do rich olives grow to one mould – the orchad and radius, and the pausian with its bitter berry. So, too, with apples and the gardens of Alcinous; nor are cuttings the same for Crustumian and Syrian pears, and the heavy volema. On our trees hangs not the same vintage as Lesbos gathers from Methymna’s boughs: there are Thasian vines, there are the pale Mareotic – these suited for rich coils, those for lighter ones – the Psithian, too, better for raisin wine, and the subtle Lagean, sure some day to trouble the feet and tie the tongue; the Purple and the Precian and you, Rhaetic – how can I do you justice? Yet even so, seek not to rival Falernian cellars! There are, too, Aminnean vines, soundest of wines, to which the Tmolian and the royal Phanaean itself pay homage and the lesser Argitis, which none may match, either in richness of stream or in lasting through many years. Nor would I pass by you, vine of Rhodes, welcome to the gods and the banquet’s second course, and you, Bumastus, with your swelling clusters. But for the many kinds, or the names they bear, there is no numbering – nor, indeed, is the numbering worth the pains. He who would have knowledge of this would likewise want to learn how many grains of sand on the Libyan plain are stirred by the West Wind, or when the East falls in unwonted fury on the ships, would want to know how many billows of the Ionian sea roll shoreward.

[109] Nor yet can all soils bear all fruits. In rivers grow willows, in rank fens alders, on rocky hills the barren ash. The shores rejoice most in myrtle groves. Lastly, Bacchus loves open hills, and the yew tree the cold of the North Wind. See, too, earth’s farthest bounds, conquered by tillage – the Arabs’ eastern homes, and the painted Gelonians: trees have their allotted climes. India alone bears black ebony; to the Sabaeans alone belongs the frankincense bough. Why should I tell you of the balsams that drip from the fragrant wood, or of the pods of the ever blooming acanthus? Why tell of the Ethiopian groves, all white with downy wool, or how the Seres comb from leaves their fine fleeces? Or, nearer the Ocean, of the jungles which India rears, that nook at the world’s end where no arrows can surmount the air at the treetop? And yet not slow is that race in handling the quiver. Media bears the tart juices and lingering flavour of the health-giving citron tree, which if cruel stepdames have ever drugged the cups mixing herbs and baleful spells, comes as help most potent, and from the limbs drives the deadly venom. The tree itself is large, and in looks very like a bay; and a bay it were, did it not fling abroad another scent. In now winds fall its leaves; its blossom clings most firmly; with it the Mede treats his mouth’s noisome breath, and curse the asthma of the old.

[136] But neither Media’s groves, land of wondrous wealth, nor beauteous Ganges, nor Hermus, whose mud is gold, may rival the glories of Italy – not Bactra nor India, no, not all Araby, though its very sand be incense. Never was our country ploughed by fire-snorting bulls for the sowing of the grisly dragon’s teeth; nor have its fields bristled with the helms and serried lances of warriors. But the land was filled with teeming crops and Bacchus’ Massic juice; it is the home of the olive, the home of fattened flocks. Hence comes the war horse which proudly prances over the plain, hence the milk-white herds of the Clitumnus, and the bull, noblest of victims, which, bathed often in its sacred stream, have escorted Roman triumphs to their shrines of the gods. Here spring is perpetual, and summer extends to months other than her own; twice a year the cows calve, twice a year the trees serve us fruit. Here are no ravening tigers or savage brood of lion; no aconite deceives the wretch who picks it, nor yet, sweeping huge coils along the ground, does the scaly snake with his vast train wind himself into a spiral. Count, too, those many stately cities, monument to human toil, and all the towns built by man’s hand on rocky crags with rivers gliding beneath their immemorial walls. Shall I tell of the sea that washes Italy’s shores above and that which breaks on her coasts below? Or tell of her mighty lakes? Of you, Larius, the greatest, or you, Benacus, who swell with a sea’s surge and roar? Shall I tell of her harbours, and the barrier thrown across the Lucrine, and how Ocean clamours aloud in anger, where the Julian waters echo afar as the sea is flung back, and the Tyrrhenian tide pours into the channels of Avernus? This land has also streams of silver and mines of copper to show in her veins, and gold flows profusely in her rivers. She has mothered a vigorous breed of men, Marsians and the Sabine stock, the Ligurian, unured to hardship, and the Volscian spearmen; the Decii, the Marii, the great Camilli, the Scipios, hardy warriors, and you, greatest of all, Caesar, who, already victorious in Asia’s farthest bounds, now drive the craven Indian from our hills of Rome. Hail, land of Saturn, mighty mother of crops, mighty mother of men! For you I attempt a theme that claimed praise and skill in days of old; for you I dare to unseal the sacred springs and through Roman towns to sing the song of Ascra.

[177] Now give we place to the genius of soils, the strength of each, its hue, its native power for bearing. Firs then, churlish ground and unkindly hills, where there is lean clay, and gravel in the thorny fields, delight in Minerva’s grove of the long-lived olive. A token of this is the oleaster, springing up freely in the same space, and the ground strewn with its wild berries. But a rich soil, which rejoices in sweet moisture, a level space thick with herbage and prolific in nutriment (such as we often see in the hollow of a mountain valley, for into it from the rocky heights pour the streams, bearing with them fattening mud), land which rises to the south and feeds the fern, that plague of the crooked plough – this land will some day yield you the hardiest of vines, streaming with the rich flood of Bacchus; this is fruitful in the grape, and in the juice we offer from bowls of fold, when the sleek Etruscan has blown his ivory horn beside the altar, and on bellied platters we present the steaming meat of sacrifice.

[195] But if your business is rather the keeping of herds and calves, or breeding sheep, or goats that blight the plants, then haste to the glades and distant meads of rich Tarentum, or to such a plain as unhappy Mantua lost, giving good to snowy swans with its grassy stream. There the flocks will lack nor limpid springs nor herbage, and all that the herds will crop in the long days the chilly dew will restore in one short night.

[203] Land that is black, and rich beneath the share’s pressure and with a crumbly soil – for such a soil we try to rival with our ploughing – is, in the main, best for corn; from no other land will you see more wagons wending homeward behind slow bullocks, or land from which the angry ploughman has carried off the timber, leveling groves that have idled many a year, and tearing up by their deepest roots the olden homes of the birds – these leave their nests and seek and the sky, but forthwith the untried plain glistens under the driven ploughshare. For as to the hungry gravel of a hilly country, it scarce serves the bees with lowly spurge and rosemary; and the rough tufa and the chalk that black water snakes have eaten out betoken that no other lands give serpents food so sweet, or furnish such winding coverts. But if a soil exhales thin mists and curling vapours, if it drinks in moisture and throws it off again at will, if it always clothes itself in the verdure of its own grass, and harms not the steel with scurf and salt rust, that is the one to wreathe your elms in joyous vines, the one to be rich in oil of olive, the one you will find, as you till, to be indulgent to cattle and submissive to the crooked share. Such is the soil rich Capua ploughs, and the coast near the Vesuvian ridge, and Clanius, unkindly to forlorn Acerrae.

[226] Now I will tell you how you may distinguish each. If you shall ask whether a soil be light or closer than is the wont – for one is friendly to corn, the other to the vine; the closer to Ceres, all the lightest to Lyaeus – you must first look out a place and bid a pit be sunk deep in the solid ground, then put all the earth back again, and tread the earth level at the top. If it fall short, this farm land will be light, and better suited for the herd and gracious vine; but if it shows that it cannot return to its place, and if there is earth to spare when the pit is filled, the soil is stiff: look for reluctant clods and stiffness of ridge, and have strong oxen break your ground. As for salty land, the kind called bitter (unfruitful it is for the crops and mellows not in ploughing; it preserves not for the vine its lineage, or for apples their fame), it will allow this test: pull down from the smoky roof your close-woven wicker baskets and wine strainers: in these let that sorry soil, mixed with fresh spring water, be pressed in to the brim. You will see all the water trickle through the big drops pass between the osiers; but the taste will tell its tale full plainly, and with its bitter flavour will distort the testers’ soured mouths. Again, richness of soil we learn in this way only: never does it crumble when worked in the hands, but like pitch grows sticky in the fingers when held. A most soil rears taller grass and is of itself unduly prolific. Ah! Not mine be that over-fruitful soil, and may it not show itself too strong when the ears are young! A heavy soil betrays itself silently by its own weight; so dies a light one. It is easy for the eye to learn at once a black soil and the hue of any kind. But to detect the villainous cold is hard; only pitch pines or baleful yews and black ivy sometimes reveal its traces.

[259] These points observed, remember first to bake the ground well, to cut up the huge knolls with trenches, and to expose the upturned clods to the North wind, long before you plant the vine’s gladsome stock. Fields of crumbing soil are the best; to this the winds see, the chill frosts, and the stout delver, who loosens and stirs the acres. But men whose watchful care nothing escapes first seek out like plots – one where the crop may be nursed in infancy for its supporting trees, and one to which it may be moved anon when planted out, lest the nurslings should fail to recognize the mother suddenly changed. Nay, the print on the bark of the trees the quarter of the sky each faced, so as to restore the position in which they stood, the same side bearing the southern heat and the same back turned to the north pole; so strong is habit in tender years.

[273] First inquire whether it be better to plant the vine on hills or on the plain. If it is rich level ground you lay out, plant close; in close-planted soil not less fertile is the wine god. But if it is a soil of rising mounds and sloping hills, give the ranks room; yet none the less, when the trees are set, let all the paths, with clear-cut line, square to a nicety. As oft, in mighty warfare, when the legion deploys its companies in long array and the column halts on the open plain, when the lines are drawn out, and far and wide all the land ripples with the gleam of steel, not yet is the grim conflict joined, but the war god wanders in doubt between the hosts; so let all your vineyard be meted out in even and uniform paths, not merely that the view may fed an idle fancy, but because only thus will the earth give equal strength to all, and the boughs be able to reach forth into free air.

[288] Perchance you ask also what should be the trenches’ depth. I should venture to entrust a vine even to a shallow furrow, but deeper and far within the earth is sunk the supporting tree, above all the great oak, which strikes its roots down towards the nether pit as far as it lifts its top to the airs of heaven. Hence no winter storms, no blasts or rains, uproot it; unmoved it abides, and many generations, many ages of men it outlives, letting them roll by while it endures. Stout limbs, too, and arms it stretches far, this side and that, itself in the centre upholding a mass of shade.

[298] Let not your vineyards slope towards the setting sun, nor plant the hazel among the vines, nor lop the highest sprays, nor pluck cuttings from the treetop – so strong is their love of the earth – nor hurt young plants with a blunted knife, nor engraft wild trunks of olive. For oft from thoughtless shepherds falls a spark, which lurking at first unseen under the rich bark, fastens on the trunk, and, gliding to the leaves aloft, sends to heaven a mighty roar; then, running on, reigns supreme among all the boughs and high treetops, wrapping all the grove in fire, and belching skyward black clouds of thick pitchy darkness; most of all, if a tempest from above has swooped down upon the woods, and a favouring wind masses the flames. When this befalls, the trees are without virtue in their stock, and when cut down cannot revive or from the earth’s depths resume their olden bloom: the luckless oleaster with bitter leaves alone survives.

[315] And let no counselor seem so wise as to persuade you to stir the stiff soil when the North Wind blows. Then winter grips the land with frost, and when the plant is set suffers it not to fasten its frozen root in the earth. The best planting season for vines is when in blushing spring the white bird, the foe of long snakes, is come, or close on autumn’s first cold, while the hot sun does not as yet touch winter with his car, and summer now is waning. Spring it is that clothes the glades and forests with leaves, in spring the soil swells and carves the vital seed. Then does Heaven, sovereign father, descend in fruitful showers into the womb of his joyful consort and, mightily mingling with her mighty frame, gives life to every embryo within. Then secluded thickets echo with melodious birdsong and at the trysting hour the herds renew their loves; the bounteous earth prepares to give birth, and the meadows ungirdle to the Zephyr’s balmy breeze; the tender moisture avails for all. The grass safely dares to face the nascent suns, nor does the vine tendril fear the South Wind’s rising or showers launched from the skies by the blustering North, but puts forth buds and unfurls its every leaf. Such days as these, I can imagine well, shone at the dawn of the infant world and took no different course: springtime it was, the whole wide world was keeping spring, and the east winds spared their icy blasts: then the first cattle drank in the light, the earthborn race of men reared its head from the stony plains, and the woods were stocked with game, the firmament with stars. Nor could the tender beings endure the world’s harshness, did not between the seasons’ cold and heat come such repose, and earth receive the blessing of a clement sky.

[346] Furthermore, whatever cuttings you plant in your fields, sprinkle them with rich dung, and forget not to cover them with deep soil; or bury with them porous stone or rough shells; for the water will glide between, the air’s searching breath will steal in, and the plants sown will take heart. And, ere now, some have been known to overly them with stones and jars of heavy weight, thus shielding them against pelting showers, and against the time when the sultry Dog Star splits the fields that gape with thirst.

[354] When the sets are planted, it remains for you to break up the soil oft-times at the roots, and to swing the ponderous hoe, or to ply the soil under the share’s pressure and turn your toiling bullocks even between your vineyard rows; then to shape smooth canes, shafts of peeled rods, ashen stakes and stout forks, by whose aid the vines may learn to mount, scorn the wind, and run from tier to tier amid the elm tops.

[362] And when their early youth has fresh leaves budding, you must spare their weakness, and while the shoot, speeding through the void with loosened reins, pushes joyously skyward, you must not yet attack the plants themselves with the knife’s edge, but with bent fingers pluck the leaves and pick them here and there. Later, when they have shot up and their stout stems have now clasped the elms, then strip their locks and clip their arms – before they shrink from the knife – then at last set up an iron sway and check the flowing branches.

[371] You must also weave hedges, and keep out all cattle, chiefly while the leafage is tender and knows naught of trials, for besides unfeeling winters and the sun’s tyranny, ever do wild buffaloes and pestering roes make sport of it; sheep and greedy heifers feed upon it. No cold, stiff with hoar frost, no summer heat, brooding heavily over parched crags, has done it such harm as the flocks and the venom of their sharp tooth, and the scar impressed on the deep-gnawed stem. For no other crime is it that a goat is lain to Bacchus at every altar, and the olden plays enter on the stage; for this the sons of Theseus set up prizes for wit in their villages and at the crossways, and gaily danced in the soft meadows on oiled goatskins. Even so Ausonia’s swains, a race sent from Troy, disport with rude verses and laughter unrestrained, and put on hideous masks of hollow cork, and call on you, Bacchus, in joyous songs, and to you hang waving amulets from the tall pine. Hence every vineyard ripens in generous increase; fullness comes to hollow valleys and deep glades, and every spot towards which the god has turned his comely face. Duly, then, in our country’s songs we will chant for Bacchus the praise he claims, bringing him cakes and dishes; the doomed he-goat, led by the horn, shall stand at the altar, and the rich flesh we will roast on spits of hazel.

[397] There is, too, this other task of dressing the vines whereon never is enough care taken; for thrice or four times each year must all your soil be split open, and the clods broken unceasingly with hoe reversed, and all the grove lightened of its foliage. The farmer’s toil returns, moving in a circle, as the year rolls back upon itself over its own footsteps. And already, whenever the vineyard has shed her autumn leafage, and the North Wind has shaken their glory from the woods – already then the keen farmer extends his care to the coming year, and pursues the vine he had left, lopping it with Saturn’s crooked knife and pruning it into shape. Be the first to dig the ground, first to bear away and fire the prunings, first to carry the poles under cover: be the last to reap. Twice the shade thickens on the vines; twice weeds cover the vineyard with thronging briars. Heavy is either toil: “Give praise to large estates, farm a small one.” Further, rough shoots of broom must be cut amid the woods, and river rushes on the banks, and the care of the wild willow bed keeps you at work. Now the vines are bound, now the vineyard lays by the pruning knife, now the last vine dresser sings of his finished rows: still you have to worry the soil and stir the dust, and fear Jove’s rains for your now ripened grapes.

[420] Olives, on the other hand, need no tending; they look not for the crooked knife or gripping mattock, when once they have laid hold of the fields and braved the breeze. Earth of herself, when opened with the hoe’s curved fang, yields moisture enough for the plants, and teeming fruits, when opened by the plough. After this mode nurture the plump olive, favoured of Peace.

[426] Fruit trees, too, so soon as they feel their stems firm, and come to their strength, swiftly push forth skyward with inborn force, needing no help from us. No less, meanwhile, does every wood grow heavy with fruit, and the birds’ wild haunts blush with crimson berries. Cattle browse on the cytisus, the high wood yields pine brands, the fires of night are fed and pour forth light. And can men be slow to plan and bestow care? Why need I pursue greater themes? The willows and lowly broom – they either yield leafage for he sheep or shade for the shepherd, a fence for the crops and food for honey. And what joy it is to gaze on Cytorus waving with boxwood, and on groves of Narycian pitch! What joy to view fields that owe no dept to the harrow, none to the care of man! Even the barren woods on Caucasian peaks, which angry eastern gales ever toss and tear, yield products, each after its kind, yield useful timber, pines for ships, cedars and cypresses for houses. From these the farmers turn spokes for wheels, or drums for their wains; from these they lay broad keels for boats. The willow’s wealth is in its osiers, the elm’s in its leaves, but the myrtle and cornel, that weapon of war, abound in stout spear shafts; yews are bent into Ituraean bows. So, too, smooth lindens and the box, polished by the lathe, take shape and are hollowed by the sharp steel. So, too, the light alder, launched upon the Po, swims the raging stream; so, too, the bees hive their swarms in the hollow cork-trees, and the heart of a rotting ilex. What boon of equal note have the gifts of Bacchus yielded? Bacchus has even given occasion for offence. It was he who quelled in death the maddened Centaurs, Rhoetus, and Pholus, and Hylaeus, as he aimed his massive flagon at the Lapiths.

[458] O farmers, happy beyond measure, could they but know their blessings! For them, far from the clash of arms, most righteous Earth, unbidden, pours forth from her soil an easy sustenance. If no stately mansion with proud portals disgorges from its halls at dawn a flood of those who have come to greet its lord, if they never gaze at doors inlaid with lovely tortoiseshell or at draperies tricked with gold or at bronzes of Ephyra, if their wool’s whiteness is not stained with Assyrian dyes or the service of their clear oil is not spoiled with cassia: yet they have sleep free from anxiety, a life that is innocent of guile and rich with untold treasures. The peace of broad domains, caverns, and natural lakes, and cool vales, the lowing of oxen, and soft slumbers beneath the trees – all are theirs. They have woodland glades and the haunts of game; a youth hardened to toil and inured to scanty fare; worship of gods and reverence for age; among them, as she departed from the earth, Justice left the last imprint of her feet.

[475] But as for me – first may the Muses, sweet beyond compare, whose holy emblems, under the spell of mighty love, I bear, take me to themselves, and show me heaven’s pathways, the stars, the sun’s many eclipses, the moon’s many labours; whence come tremblings of the earth, the force to make deep seas swell and burst their barriers, then sink back upon themselves; why winter suns hasten so fast to dip in Ocean, or what delays clog the laggard nights. But if the chill blood about my heart bar me from reaching those realms of nature, let my delight be the country, and the running streams amid the dells – may I love the waters and the woods, though I be unknown to fame. O for those plains, and Spercheus, and Taygetus, where Spartan girls hold Bacchic rites! O for one to set me in the cool glens of Haemus, and shield me under the branches’ giant shade!

[490] Blessed is he who has succeeded in learning the laws of nature’s working, has cast beneath his feet all fear and fate’s implacable decree, and the howl of insatiable Death. But happy, too, is he who knows the rural gods, Pan and aged Silvanus and the sisterhood of the Nymphs. Him no honours the people give can move, no purple worn by despots, no strife which leads brother to betray brother; untroubled is he by Dacian incursion swooping down from a Danube leagued in war, untroubled by Rome’s policies spelling doom to kingdoms; if he has not felt pity for the poor, he has never envied the rich. He plucks the fruits which his boughs, which his willing fields, have freely borne; nor has he beheld the iron rigours of the law, the Forum’s madness, or the public archives. Other brave with oars seas unknown, dash upon the sword, or press their way into courts and the chambers of kings. One wreaks ruin on a city and its wretched homes, and all to drink from a jeweled cup and sleep on Tyrian purple; another hoards wealth and gloats over buried gold; one stares in admiration at the rostra; another, open-mouthed, is carried away by the applause of high and low which rolls again and again along the benches. They steep themselves in their brothers’ blood and glory in it; they barter their sweet homes and hearths for exile and seek a country that lies beneath an alien sun.

[513] Meanwhile the husbandman has been cleaving the soil with crooked plough; hence comes his year’s work, hence comes sustenance for his country and his little grandsons, hence for his herds of cows and faithful bullocks. No respite is there, but the season teems either with fruits, or with increase of the herds, or with the sheaves of Ceres’ corn, loading the furrows with its yield and bursting the barns. Winter is come; Sicyon’s berry is bruised in the mill, the swine come home gladdened with acorns, the forest yield arbutes, or autumn sheds its varied produce, and high on the sunny rocks basks the mellow vintage. Meanwhile his dear children hang upon his kisses; his unstained home guards its purity; the cows droop milk-laden udders, and on the glad sward, horn to horn, the fat kids wrestle. The master himself keeps holiday, and stretched on the grass, with a fire in the midsts and his comrades wreathing the bowl, offers libation and calls upon you, god of the wine press, and for the keepers of the flock sets up a mark on an elm for the contest of the winged javelin, or they bare their hardy limbs for the rustic wrestling bout.

[532] Such a life the old Sabines once lived, such Remus and his brother. Thus, surely, Etruria waxed strong; and Rome has thus become the fairest thing on earth, and with a single city’s wall enclosed her seven hills. Nay, before the Cretan king [Jove] held scepter, and before a godless race banqueted on slaughtered bullocks, such was the life golden Saturn lived on earth, while yet none had heard the clarion blare, none the sword blades ring, as they were laid on the stubborn anvil.

[541] But in our course we have traversed a mighty plain, and now it is time to unyoke the necks of our smoking steeds.

Погода в Санкт-Петербурге | Pogoda78.ru

Приметы погоды на английском языке с переводом (английские приметы).

Weather saying (Погодные приметы):

Rain long foretold, long last, Short notice, soon past. Or Long foretold: long last Short notice: soon past

Seagull sit on the sand, its never fine weather when your on the land.

If you want to know what the temperature is (?F), just count the number of «cri-cri» of a cricket in a minute.

When the wind blows the tree leaves such that they turn over there is a storm aproaching.

When the cows are laying down in the field it will likely rain.

In the morning, the sun rises in the East, and the prevailing weather comes from the west, so if there is cloud about that the early morning sun reflects off, it is likely to move closer during the day.
In the evening the sun sets in the west. If the sun is reflecting off clouds, then they will be off towards the east, and likely to move further away overnight.

Of courses there is always the ring around the moon that predicts snow but that is more sicience than old wifes tale.

When the leaves on a tree curl or show the underside it is going to rain.

«Mackerel scales, lower the sails.» Mackerel scales is referring to the look of the clouds, it is going to get windy.

When the night has a fever, it cries in the morning. if the temp increase between 10pm and midnight i beleive it will rain in the morning. When it is wet it is raining, when it s horizontal it is storming and when it is gone well. Katrina came through.

If the moon shows a silver shield,
Be not afraid to reap your field:
But if she rises haloed round,
soon we’ll tread on deluged ground.

приметы погоды

Приметы — примеченные человеком, непонятные для него, но постоянные отношения между какими нибудь часто повторяющимися явлениями или событиями в нравственном или физическом мире. Наблюдая эти явления, но не понимая отношения между причиной и следствием,… … Энциклопедический словарь Ф.А. Брокгауза и И.А. Ефрона

Народные приметы о погоде — Народные приметы о погоде сохраняющиеся в народе и передаваемые из поколения в поколение сведения о различных признаках, указывающих на предстоящие явления погоды[1]. Народные приметы уходят своими корнями в далёкое, языческое прошлое.… … Википедия

Рябчик — Самец рябчика в зоопарке «Опель» … Википедия

Астрометеорология — Астролябия. Астрометеорология (от др. греч … Википедия

1 ноября — ← ноябрь → Пн Вт Ср Чт Пт Сб Вс 1 2 3 4 5 6 … Википедия

Бабье лето — У этого термина существуют и другие значения, см. Бабье лето (значения). Бабье (Индейское) … Википедия

Марфино лето — Бабье (Индейское) лето в октябре в Монреале «Бабье лето» период тёплой и сухой погоды в предверии осени. В России бывает в начале сентября, в Европе и северной Америке в первой половине октября. Связан с устойчивым антициклоном.[1] «Бабье лето» … Википедия

Пасха в народной традиции — Великдень … Википедия

Английские приметы и поговорки о погоде

Лето – время, когда многие остаются недовольными погодой: одни отмечают чрезмерную жару, другим не нравится слишком холодный и ветрений сезон. Для тех же, кто активно изучает английский язык и посещает курсы английского языка, это еще один повод вспомнить, повторить и узнать новые поговорки о погоде на английском языке. Тем более что особую любовь британцев к разговорам о погоде отмечали многие, включая Сэмюэла Джонсона. Предлагаем вам несколько популярных британских поговорок о погоде.

As the day lengthens, so the cold strengthens. Английская поговорка, датируемая началом 17 столетия – свидетельство того, как народ отметил, что зимой, при постепенном нарастании длины дня, все равно холодно: солнце не успевает как следует прогреть ни воздух, ни землю.

Уже в самом начале зимы жители Британии стараются предугадать погоду на более длительные сроки: In January, if the sun appear, March and April will pay full dear. If January calends be summerly gay, it will be winterly until May. А в Уэльсе считали, что теплый январь предвещает не самые лучшие погодные условия позже: A warm January, a cold May. Англичане без радости встречали зимние грозы, считая, что они предвещают не самые лучшие условия для урожая: winter thunder, summer hunger.

Не меньше внимания уделяется и различным отдельно взятым погодным явлениям. Например, в вопросах ветра, было очень важно, какой он. Ни восточный, ни северный не обещали приятных условий: When the wind is in the east, ‘tis good for neither man nor beast. North wind blow, we shall have snow. Не пользовался особой популярностью и дождь, даже существует маленькая поговорка, «отгоняющая» его: Rain, rain, go away, come again some other day. Но не бывает худа без добра: If it rains before seven, it will cease before eleven.

If you use your weather eyes, You may become more weatherwise.
Перевод: Если вы наблюдаете за погодой, Вы можете стать знатоком примет, умеющим предсказывать погоду.

Приметы погоды на английском языке с переводом (английские приметы).

Weather saying (перевод: погодные приметы и поговорки):

It rains cats and dogs. (дословный перевод – дождь из котов и собак) — Дождь льёт как из ведра.

Rain long foretold, long last, Short notice, soon past. Or Long foretold: long last Short notice: soon past. Дословный перевод: Дождь предсказывали давно, и, наконец он быстро прошел. Возможный аналог: Дождь, который предсказывали давно, проходит быстрее, чем ожидается.

Seagull sit on the sand, its never fine weather when your on the land. Перевод: Если чайка сидит на песке, то это всегда к плохой погоде на материке.

If you want to know what the temperature is (?F), just count the number of «cri-cri» of a cricket in a minute. Перевод: Если вы хотите узнать температуру в градусах по Фаренгейту, то просто посчитайте количество стрекотаний сверчка в минуту.

In the evening the sun sets in the west. If the sun is reflecting off clouds, then they will be off towards the east, and likely to move further away overnight. Of courses there is always the ring around the moon that predicts snow but that is more science than old wifes tale. Перевод: Конечно, вокруг Луны всегда есть кольцо, которая предсказывает снег, но это более научно, чем бабушкины сказания.

When the leaves on a tree curl or show the underside it is going to rain. Перевод: Когда листья на дереве скручиваться или показывают нижнюю сторону это собирается дождь.

If the moon shows a silver shield, Be not afraid to reap your field: But if she rises haloed round, soon we’ll tread on deluged ground.

When a cow endeavors to scratch his ear, it means a rain shower is verynear. When he thumps his ribs with an angry tail, look out for thunder, lightning and hail.
Перевод: Когда корова старается почесать ухо, это значит, ливень очень близко. Когда она сильно бьет хвостом по своим ребрам, высматривай гром, молнию и град.

Cats with their tails up and hair apparently electrified indicate approaching wind.
Перевод: Если кошка взлохмаченная (как наэлектризованная) и подняла хвост, то приближается вертенная погода.

Pigs gather leaves and straw before a storm.
Перевод: Перед бурей свиньи собирают листья и солому.

If the bull leads the cows to pasture, expect rain; if the cows precede the bull, the weather will be uncertain.
Перевод: Если бык идет на пастбище впереди коров, жди дождь; если коровы опережают быка, то погода будет неопределенная.

The louder the frog, the more the rain.
Перевод: Если лягушки квакают громко, будет дождь.
Русская примета-аналог: «Лягушки расквакались — быть дождю»

Прогноз погоды на английском языке

Говорят, у природы нет плохой погоды. Ко всем особенностям природы можно быть готовым, если вовремя просматривать прогноз погоды (weather forecast). Выбор одежды и даже планы на день во многом зависят от погодных условий. Если вы, так же как и я, не представляете свое утро без метеосводок, то материалы о прогнозе погоды на английском вам пригодятся. Мы представим слова для описания прогноза, часто употребляемые фразы, а в конце статьи приведем пример прогноза погоды на английском.

Слова для описания прогноза погоды на английском языке

Начать следует с тех слов, которые мы чаще всего встречаем при описании погоды. Прогноз обычно составляется для всей страны. Чаще всего рассказывают о погоде в регионах и крупных городах страны. Начинают с севера страны (North regions), потом переходят к востоку (East), западу (West), югу (South) и напоследок оставляют центральный регион (Central region) и столицу (capital of the country). Мы приведем таблицы, в которых вы найдете слова, описывающие прогноз погоды на английском. Итак, день может быть:

А еще с этими прилагательными вы можете услышать слова:

Из большинства прилагательных в табличке мы можем сделать существительные. Эти слова тоже можно услышать в прогнозе погоды.

Как говорить о прогнозе погоды на английском

Англичане говорят о погоде всякий раз, когда нужно завязать разговор. Не удивительно, ведь погода на Туманном Альбионе подобна капризной женщине – постоянно меняется! Есть несколько правил, которых нужно придерживаться, когда мы обсуждаем погоду.

Используйте it + is. Обычно говорят так: itis + прилагательное.

It’s windy today. – Сегодня ветреный день. (или «Сегодня ветрено»)

It’s a nice day. – Сегодня замечательный день.

It is drizzling outside now. – На улице сейчас моросит дождь.

Come here and look! It’s snowing! – Подойди сюда и смотри! Снег идет!

It will be a hot day. – День будет жарким.

The weather will change. – Погода поменяется.

Говорим о температуре

Особое место в прогнозе занимает температура воздуха. В англоговорящих странах приняты две единицы измерения температуры: Фаренгейт и Цельсий. Фаренгейт или Fahrenheit – температурная шкала, популярная в Северной Америке, в остальных странах используют привычный нам Цельсий – Celsius или centigrade. Запомните, 32 градуса (degrees) по Фаренгейту = 0 градусов по Цельсию.

It’s 32 degrees Fahrenheit (°F) outside. – На улице 0 градусов Цельсия (°C).

The temperature is about 10° centigrade. – Температура около 10 градусов по Цельсию.

Если температура ниже нуля, то говорят below zero, а если выше – above. А могут просто сказать minus 7 (минус 7) или plus 9 (плюс девять).

At the daytime the temperature will be 10 degrees above zero. – В дневное время температура будет 10 градусов выше нуля.

The temperature is minus 10. – Температура минус 10.

Пример прогноза погоды на английском языке

А теперь, чтобы проверить, как хорошо вы запомнили слова, предлагаем вам прослушать аудиозапись с прогнозом погоды. Постарайтесь все понять и не забудьте обратить внимание на полезные фразы из аудио.

А еще предлагаем вам скачать удобный список слов, которые вы изучили в этой статье. И, конечно, советуем пройти тест, чтобы точно запомнить все новые слова.

Если вы нашли ошибку, пожалуйста, выделите фрагмент текста и нажмите Ctrl+Enter.

Английские пословицы, поговорки и приметы про погоду и времена года?

Английские пословицы, поговорки и приметы про погоду и времена года.

Bacchus has drowned more men than Neptune

Beauty lies in lover’s eyes.

Добрые люди пожалуйста напишите мне сочинение по английскому языку на тему погода и кто в чем ходит в какое время года?

Добрые люди пожалуйста напишите мне сочинение по английскому языку на тему погода и кто в чем ходит в какое время года.

Помогите пожалуйста найти пословицы и поговорки на английском языке на тему ВЕСЕЛЬЕ?

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4 пословицы про погоду на английском языке с переводом?

4 пословицы про погоду на английском языке с переводом.

Написать на английском языке про любимое время года?

Написать на английском языке про любимое время года.

Расскажи тайни какая погода обычно бывает в твоем родном крае в разное время года и что ты любишь делать в разную погоду?

Расскажи тайни какая погода обычно бывает в твоем родном крае в разное время года и что ты любишь делать в разную погоду.

Как перевисти на английский времена года?

Как перевисти на английский времена года.

Рассказ по английскому любимое время года?

Рассказ по английскому любимое время года.

3 поговорки о погоде на английском языке?

3 поговорки о погоде на английском языке.

Времена года на английском?

Времена года на английском.

Проект по английскому любимое время года?

Проект по английскому любимое время года.

1. She is a doctor. 2. He is a pilot. 3. She is my sister. 4. He is my brother. 5. It is a cat.

My favourite game on my phone is Angry birds. That’s paricularly magic game. When i have spare time i can spend some minutes throwing colurful birds at green pigs. Bad pigs thy to steal bird’s eggs and birds became angry at pigs and they try to de..

Parents come home in the evening. We have dinner with the whole family. After supper I do my homework. Sometimes my mother asked me to help her in the kitchen. I help her wash the dishes and clean the table. When I finish all the works, I’m goin..

1. What do you think about adventure films? 2. Do you want to take a camera? 3. What is your favorite work? 4. Did you read the new book? 5. Have you done your English homework.

Ответ : Дорогая Кейт, большое спасибо. Я был рад получить ваше письмо. Я был удивлен, что вы умеете кататься на лошади. В своем письме год спрашивал меня о моем любимом занятии. Я люблю играть на гитаре. Конечно, это мое хобби. Я начал играть н..

. на них. То здесь, то там были развешаны географическиекарты и картины. На одной из полок она заметила банку. Она взяла её с полки и прочла на ней надпись : «Мармелад». Но в этой банке не было мармелада. Она не хотела уронить банку. Она боялас..

Погода — любимая тема английских разговоров

Hel­lo! Кому как не британцам говорить о погоде? Не им ли бранить погоду в сырые туманные дни, и не им ли радоваться, если выдается погожий денёк? Зачастую англичане, встречаясь на улице с знакомыми, в первую очередь говорят подобные фразы:

— What a ter­ri­ble day! — Какой ужасный день!

Погода на английском – тема нашего сегодняшнего разговора

Погода на английском в выражениях и диалогах

Во многих странах разговор о погоде считается самым нейтральным и приемлемым для общения с малознакомыми людьми, приобретя статус «светской» беседы, вероятно, ввиду того, что он отражает всего лишь реальные погодные условия, не вызывая споров и разногласий. Давайте и мы рассмотрим самые расхожие выражения о погодных условиях на английском языке.

Четыре времени года – у всех разная погода!

Выражения о погоде в разные времена года

Лето

Осень

Зима

Весна

Перевод интересных фраз и выражений о погоде

В любом иностранном языке встречаются слова, перевод которых несколько удивляет. Думаю, перевод следующих слов и выражений на английском языке, связанных с погодными явлениями, вас немного удивит.

Rain (дождь)

Snow (снег)

Wind (ветер)

Cloud (туча, облако)

Диалог как способ выучить новые выражения

Давайте посмотрим, как нужно поддержать диалог о погоде на английском языке, а именно:

Вот несколько подобных диалогов на тему различных подобных условий

Первая тема диалога:

Встреча в парке в погожий солнечный день

— Hel­lo, Nick! What a beau­ti­ful day!
Привет, Ник! Какой хороший день!
— Hel­lo, Kate! Oh, indeed, the weath­er is fine!
Привет, Кейт! О, на самом деле, погода замечательная!
— We had a lot of heavy rain this morn­ing. I thought that it would be ter­ri­ble weath­er today.
Этим утром был ливень. Я думала, что будет ужасная погода сегодня.
— Yeah! Now it doesn’t look like rain.
Да! Но сейчас непохоже, что будет дождь.
— It is sun­ny and prob­a­bly about 20 °C.
Солнечно и наверное около 20 °C.
— Enjoy your­self, Kate.
Желаю тебе хорошо провести время, Кейт.
— Thank you!
Спасибо!

Вторая тема диалога:

Осенняя переменчивая погода

— Hi, Tom! The weath­er is nasty today!
Привет, Том! Погода отвратительная сегодня!
— Hi, Ann! What’s the fore­cast for today?
Привет, Эн! Какой прогноз погоды на сегодня?
— I didn’t weath­er fore­cast for today. But it is cold today.
Я не знаю сегодняшний прогноз погоды. Но сегодня холодно.
— Yes, also the sky’s over­cast. It looks like rain.
Да, еще и небо затянуто тучами. Похоже будет дождь.
— The sun’s just gone in.
Солнце скрылось.
— We have to go back.
Мы должны возвращаться.
— I agree. I don’t want to be wet through.
Я согласна. Я не хочу промокнуть.
— Let’s hur­ry! It’s start­ing to rain. It’s nec­es­sary to keep the rain out.
Поторопимся! Дождь начинается. Необходимо укрыться от дождя.
— That sounds like thunder!
Похоже еще и гром!
— The bus stop is very close. Let’s go.
Автобусная остановка рядом. Пошли.

Третья тема диалога:

Телефонный звонок заграничного друга зимой

— Hel­lo, John!
Привет, Джон!
— Good after­noon, Alex! Nice to hear from you! Are you right? It seems to me that your voice chanced.
Добрый день, Алекс! Рад слышать тебя! С тобой всё в порядке? Мне кажется, твой голос изменился.
— I’ve caught a cold.
Я простудился.
— Oh! I for­got that now it’s so cold in your country.
О! Я забыл, что сейчас так холодно а твоей стране.
— It’s very cold. Besides, the strong wind blows.
Очень холодно. К тому же, сильные ветра дуют.
— What‘s the temperature?
Сколько градусов?
— It‘s 12 degrees below zero.
12 градусов мороза.
— Is it snowing?
Идёт снег?
— No, now it isn’t.
Нет, сейчас не идёт.
— But it was snow-storm 3 days ago.
Но была метель 3 дня назад.
— It’s dif­fi­cult to imag­ine such weath­er conditions.
Трудно представить такие погодные условия

Четвертая тема диалога:

Первое весеннее свежее утро

— Good morn­ing, dear neighbor!
Доброе утро, дорогая соседка!
— Good morn­ing, Ann! What a nice morning!
Доброе утро, Эн! Какое прекрасное утро!
— The sun is com­ing out. It will be a sun­ny day.
Солнце выглядывает. Будет солнечный день.
— I there are no clouds in the sky. I think it will not be rain.
Нет ни облака на небе. Я думаю, не будет дождя.
— I hope so, but it’s a windy day. We have to dress warmly.
Надеюсь, но ветрено сегодня. Мы должны одеться потеплее.
— I agree. Now it is easy to catch cold.
Согласна. Очень легко сейчас простудиться.

Английские поговорки о погоде

Тема погоды прослеживается и в народной мудрости, в поговорках. Ещё с давних времен беды и невзгоды люди стали ассоциировать с дождем, а радость и везение – с солнцем. Постепенно поговорки о погоде стали накапливаться и в английском языке.

Наиболее известные поговорки на английском языке погоде и их перевод вы можете скачать здесь.

Приметы погоды на английском языке

Основа предложения на английском про погоду

Предложения о погоде на английском языке. Примеры

Ниже привожу еще некоторые типичные предложения о погоде на английском языке.

русский вариант

предложения о погоде на английском языке

Зимой часто идёт снег.

It often snows in winter.

Смотри! На улице дождь!

Look! It is raining in the street!

Сегодня ветрено и сыро.

It is windy and wet today.

Вчера было пасмурно.

It was cloudy yesterday.

Я думаю, завтра будет теплее.

I think it is going to be warmer tomorrow.

Температура 2 градуса ниже нуля.

The temperature is 2 degrees below zero.

Температура 25 градусов выше нуля.

Слова, которые помогут рассказать о погоде на английском

Перейдём к полезным словам, которые помогут еще лучше рассказать о погоде на английском.

1) солнечный, 2) чистый (например, о небе); 3) серый, 4) туманный, 5) дождливый, 6) ледяной, скользкий; 7) спокойный, 8) бурный, штормовой; 9) мягкий, 10) тёплый, 11) прохладный, свежий; 12) холодный, 13) морозный, 14) ветреный (лёгкий ветерок, бриз); 15) жаркий, 16) облачный, 17) моросит (дождь), 18) важный, сырой; 19) снежный, 20) сухой, 21) ветреный.

Теперь вы готовы самостоятельно составлять предложения на английском про погоду. Почему бы не начать прямо сейчас? What is the weather like today?

Как спросить о погоде на английском языке. Как описать погоду на английском языке Все погодные явления на английском

«When two Englishmen meet, their first talk is of the weather».
Когда встречаются два англичанина, их первые слова всегда о погоде.
Samuel Johnson

Hello! Кому как не британцам говорить о погоде? Не им ли бранить погоду в сырые туманные дни, и не им ли радоваться, если выдается погожий денёк? Зачастую англичане, встречаясь на улице с знакомыми, в первую очередь говорят подобные фразы:

— What a terrible day! — Какой ужасный день! Погода на английском в выражениях Погода на английском — тема нашего сегодняшнего разговора

Во многих странах разговор о погоде считается самым нейтральным и приемлемым для общения с малознакомыми людьми, приобретя статус «светской» беседы, вероятно, ввиду того, что он отражает всего лишь реальные погодные условия, не вызывая споров и разногласий. Давайте и мы рассмотрим самые расхожие выражения о погодных условиях на английском языке.

Четыре времени года — у всех разная погода!

Выражения о погоде в разные времена года

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/>Фразы и выражения о погоде на английском

Перевод интересных фраз и выражений о погоде

В любом иностранном языке встречаются слова, перевод которых несколько удивляет. Думаю, перевод следующих слов и выражений на английском языке, связанных с погодными явлениями, вас немного удивит.

Диалог как способ выучить новые выражения

Давайте посмотрим, как нужно поддержать диалог о погоде на английском языке, а именно:

Вот несколько подобных диалогов на тему различных подобных условий

Первая тема диалога:

Встреча в парке в погожий солнечный день

— Hello, Nick! What a beautiful day!
Привет, Ник! Какой хороший день!
— Hello, Kate! Oh, indeed, the weather is fine!
Привет, Кейт! О, на самом деле, погода замечательная!
— We had a lot of heavy rain this morning. I thought that it would be terrible weather today.
Этим утром был ливень. Я думала, что будет ужасная погода сегодня.
— Yeah! Now it doesn’t look like rain.
Да! Но сейчас непохоже, что будет дождь.
— It is sunny and probably about 20 °C.
Солнечно и наверное около 20 °C.
— Enjoy yourself, Kate.
Желаю тебе хорошо провести время, Кейт.
— Thank you!
Спасибо!

Вторая тема диалога:

Осенняя переменчивая погода
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— Hi, Tom! The weather is nasty today!
Привет, Том! Погода отвратительная сегодня!
— Hi, Ann! What’s the forecast for today?
Привет, Эн! Какой прогноз погоды на сегодня?
— I didn’t weather forecast for today. But it is cold today.
Я не знаю сегодняшний прогноз погоды. Но сегодня холодно.
— Yes, also the sky’s overcast. It looks like rain.
Да, еще и небо затянуто тучами. Похоже будет дождь.
— The sun’s just gone in.
Солнце скрылось.
— We have to go back.
Мы должны возвращаться.
— I agree. I don’t want to be wet through.
Я согласна. Я не хочу промокнуть.
— Let»s hurry! It’s starting to rain. It’s necessary to keep the rain out.
Поторопимся! Дождь начинается. Необходимо укрыться от дождя.
— That sounds like thunder!
Похоже еще и гром!
— The bus stop is very close. Let’s go.
Автобусная остановка рядом. Пошли.

Третья тема диалога:

Телефонный звонок заграничного друга зимой

Четвертая тема диалога:

Первое весеннее свежее утро

— Good morning, dear neighbor!
Доброе утро, дорогая соседка!
— Good morning, Ann! What a nice morning!
Доброе утро, Эн! Какое прекрасное утро!
— The sun is coming out. It will be a sunny day.
Солнце выглядывает. Будет солнечный день.
— I there are no clouds in the sky. I think it will not be rain.
Нет ни облака на небе. Я думаю, не будет дождя.
— I hope so, but it’s a windy day. We have to dress warmly.
Надеюсь, но ветрено сегодня. Мы должны одеться потеплее.
— I agree. Now it is easy to catch cold.
Согласна. Очень легко сейчас простудиться.

Погода – состояние атмосферы относительно тепла или холода, влажности или сухости и так далее. Но изучая лексику о погоде на английском, важно помнить, что некоторые имеют как форму существительного, так и форму глагола и прилагательного.

Примеры для описания погоды на английском со словом дождь:

Природные бедствия на английском

Погода не всегда бывает благосклонна и для описания таких ситуаций есть специальные :

Примеры на английском с переводом:

Если Вы устали учить английский годами?

Те, кто посещают даже 1 урок узнают больше, чем за несколько лет! Удивлены?

Без домашки. Без зубрежек. Без учебников

Из курса «АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ДО АВТОМАТИЗМА» Вы:

Основа предложений на английском про погоду

Когда мы говорим о погоде на английском, мы используем некоторые общие структуры:

Nouns to adjectives: Добавляя букву “y” в конце английского существительного, связанного с описанием погоды, мы превращаем его в прилагательное: wind-windy, stuff-stuffy, rain-rainy, sun-sunny, cloud-cloudy, fog-foggy, gloom-gloomy, storm-stormy, ice-icy, drizzle-drizzly, mist-misty, breeze-breezy, frost-frosty.

Рассмотрим еще одно правило: It is rain (snow, hail, etc.) — неправильно.

Правильно говорить на английском так:

Фразы и выражения для описания погоды на английском

О теплой погоде на английском

Чтобы рассказать о теплой погоде на английском, используют такие слова:

Примеры предложений для описания теплой погоды на английском:

О холодной ненастной погоде на английском

Английские слова и выражения для описания холода:

Слова для рассказа о небе на английском с переводом

В таблице приведены английские слова для описания неба:

Английские предложения с переводом на русский:

Описываем ветреную погоду на английском с переводом

Описать ветреную погоду, помогут следующие английские слова и выражения:

Примеры английских предложений для описания ветреной погоды:

Описание погоды весной на английском с переводом

When spring begins, you expect good weather right away and you want to go out and wear lighter clothes. Spring is by definition the “crazy season”. Spring is alternating moments that make us think of summer, others that remind us how winter has just passed.

Когда начинается весна, вы ожидаете хорошей погоды сразу же, хотите выйти на улицу в легкой одежде. Весна по определению «сумасшедший сезон». Весна – это чередующиеся моменты, которые заставляют нас думать о лете, другие напоминают о том, как будто зима только что прошла.

Why are these strong changes in temperature? Spring is one of the four seasons of the temperate zones as well as the one that marks the transition between winter and summer. Extreme natural events become a norm: it increases variability by alternating dry seasons with rainier seasons.

Почему такие сильные изменения температуры? Весна – один из четырех сезонов умеренных зон, который отмечает переход между зимой и летом. Экстремальные естественные события становятся нормой: она усиливает изменчивость, чередуя сухие сезоны с дождливыми сезонами.

But still spring is perhaps the most waited season which warms us up after the long winter grayness and throws us towards the hot summer and the long-awaited holidays. With spring, nature awakens. Winter was long, it never seemed to end.

Но все равно, весна, пожалуй, самый ожидаемый сезон, который согревает нас после долгой зимней серости и направляет к жаркому лету и долгожданным каникулам. С весной природа просыпается. Зима была долгой и, казалось, что она никогда не закончится.

There have been days when the sun has not even peeped out. We had fog, clouds and a lot of snow. Now everything is painted and it shines. The trees, the flowers, the animals, woke up in the first rays of the sun. The birds already build their nests before the mud dries completely.

Были дни, когда солнце даже не выглядело. У нас был туман, облака и много дождя. Теперь вместо этого все раскрашено и блистает. Деревья, цветы, животные проснулись в первых лучах солнца. Птицы уже строят свои гнезда, прежде чем грязь полностью высохнет.

A nearby stream already smells of violets and frogs, now awake from hibernation, brighten up their days with their croaking. The whole forest smells of spring. The sun warms the lawns. The March drizzle bathes the daisies that raise their heads on the slender stems.

Соседний ручей пахнет фиалками и лягушками, теперь бодрствующими после зимней спячки и скрашивающими свои дни кваканьем. Весь лес пахнет весной. Солнце согревает газоны. Мартовский дождь омывает маргаритки, которые подняли свои головки на тонких стеблях.

I close my eyes and feel the heady perfume of the flowers just bloomed. I listen to the chirping of birds like a concert of flutes and violins. The young grass touches my hands. I open my eyes and see a blue sky painted with air clouds. The sun warms my skin.

Я закрываю глаза и чувствую, пьянящий аромат только что расцветших цветов расцветают. Я слушаю щебетание птиц похожее на концерт флейт и скрипки. Молодая трава касается моих рук. Я открываю глаза и вижу голубое небо с воздушными облаками. Солнце согревает мою кожу.

Описание погоды зимой на английском с переводом

Winter is not a season loved by many: the temperatures that fall, the days that are getting shorter and the weather conditions that are not always favorable create an overall feeling of dullness. The cold that grips us and makes us put our hands well in the back of our coat pockets is a constant for several months of the year.

Зима – сезон не любимый многими. Температуры, которые падают, дни, которые становятся короче, и погодные условия, которые не всегда благоприятствуют, создают общее чувство непонятливости. Холод, который захватывает нас и заставляет согревать руки в карманах пальто, постоянный в течение нескольких месяцев в году.

Many of us would like to hibernate and wake up in the spring, but unfortunately it is not possible. Yet winter also has something magical, just know how to see it. I love winter: hats, gloves, giant sweaters, colored scarves, chimneys waiting for something that you do not know, sudden changes in weather, rain, snow, cold, plaid on the couch and my cats that cheer me up with their purr.

Многие из нас хотели бы находиться в спячке (или зимовать в теплых краях) и просыпаться весной, но, к сожалению, это невозможно. Но зима также имеет что-то волшебное, просто знайте, как это видеть. Я люблю зиму: шляпы, перчатки, гигантские свитера, цветные шарфы, зонтики, дымоходы, ожидающие чего-то, чего вы не знаете, внезапные изменения погоды, дождь, снег, холод, плед на диване и моих кошек, которые подбадривают меня мурлыканьем.

If you live in a particularly cold area, winter is also synonymous with snow: this frozen rain that whitens the surrounding landscape also seems to muffle all sorts of sound and gives the surrounding landscape something magical and fairytale. It is rain and snow that slow down the world for a while and make the landscape surreal.

Если вы живете в особенно холодном месте, зима также является синонимом снега: этот замерзший дождь, отбеливающий окружающий ландшафт, также, кажется, заглушает всевозможные звуки и придает окружающему ландшафту что-то волшебное и сказочное. Это дождь и снег, которые замедляют мир на некоторое время и делают пейзаж сюрреалистичным.

Sink into a lonely melancholy inhaling the scent of the pungent cold that inflames the cheeks. It is in this season, in fact, that Christmas is celebrated and here everything smells of ginger, hot chocolate and the family heat becomes stronger.

Окунитесь в одинокую меланхолию, вдыхая запах острого холода, который разжигает щеки. Именно в этом сезоне отмечается Рождество, и здесь все пахнет имбирем, горячим шоколадом и семейным теплом.

You wrap yourself in a warm plaid sitting on a soft sofa and admire the lights of the city outside the window. Rain, wind and snow do not seem terrible but give the city a different appearance, perhaps more melancholic, but no less romantic. The frosty air gives us a sort of shock every morning when we leave the house as if to remind us that we are alive.

Вы кутаетесь в теплый плед, сидя на мягком диване, и любуетесь огнями города за окном. Дождь, ветер и снег не кажутся такими ужасными, но придают городу иной облик, возможно, более меланхоличный, но не менее романтичный. Морозный воздух потрясает каждое утро, когда мы выходим из дома, словно напоминаем нам, что мы живы.

Описание погоды летом на английском с переводом

Summer is the hot season. The weather is always beautiful; you just have to be careful and do not cook under the sun.

Лето – жаркий сезон. Погода всегда прекрасна; вам просто нужно быть осторожным и не поджариться под солнцем.

It is rare that it rains at this time of year. But the summer rain freshens. The summer weather is often quite stable and temperatures are pleasant both inland and along the coast.

Редко в это время года идет дождь. Но летний дождь освежает. Летняя погода часто довольно стабильна, и температура приятна как внутри страны, так и вдоль побережья.

As soon as the summer takes over the world as a rule at the end of May or the beginning of June you can see that people go out in the sun after a long and cold winter make a barbecue in the parks or on the beach. Temperatures in the summer can reach 25 or 30 degrees and there is almost no moisture in the air. Even the nights are often hot and the temperature of the water in the sea and in the numerous inland lakes usually reaches 18 degrees or more.

Как только лето завладевает миром, как правило, в конце мая или начале июня вы можете увидеть, что люди выходят на солнце после долгой и холодной зимы, делают барбекю в парках или на пляже. Температура летом может достигать 25 или 30 градусов, и в воздухе почти нет влаги. Даже ночи часто жаркие, а температура воды в море и в многочисленных внутренних озерах обычно достигает 18 градусов и более.

The blue sky is without clouds. A walk on the water’s edge when it’s sunset time and the beach is empty.

Голубое небо без облаков. Прогулка по краю воды, когда наступает время заката, и пляж пуст.

It’s hot, very hot, you cannot breathe. The beaches are already crowded.

Жарко, очень жарко, вы не можете дышать. Пляжи уже переполнены.

Описание погоды осенью на английском с переводом

Today is just an autumn day: I notice looking out the window of my room that the first fog has arrived. What sadness! Everything looks so gray, so dark. It is a little colder and a light rain has transformed what was a beautiful colorful carpet into a slippery mud and leaf mixture.

Сегодня осенний день: я замечаю, глядя в окно моей комнаты, что появился первый туман. Какая печаль! Все выглядит таким серым, таким темным. Немного холоднее, а легкий дождь превратил то, что было красивым красочным ковром в скользкую грязь и смесь листьев.

The nature now shows off its new appearance. How many colors! Infinite gradations of reddish, yellow and brown enliven the still silent landscape. The black clouds slowly fill the sky with sadness, at which point you take refuge at home, close your eyes and you start dreaming.

Природа теперь демонстрирует новый вид. Сколько цветов! Бесконечные градации красноватого, желтого и коричневого оттенков оживляют тихий пейзаж. Черные облака медленно наполняют небо печалью, и в этот момент вы укрываетесь дома, закрываете глаза и начинаете мечтать.

Time passes, the leaves fall, and the rains rustle in the air. Outside, meanwhile, flocks of birds are heading south, ready to face a long journey.

Проходит время, листья падают, и в воздухе шумят дожди. Cтаи птиц направляются на юг, готовые к долгому путешествию.

Then night falls, even colder and chilling than the day. I like to feel the humidity in the autumn air even if it is easy to get sick; and I like this unmistakable smell of slightly rotten leaves. In short, it is a wonderful season full of surprises.

Затем наступает ночь, еще холоднее дня. Мне нравится ощущать влажность в осеннем воздухе, даже если легко заболеть; и мне нравится этот безошибочный запах слегка гнилых листьев. Короче говоря, это замечательный сезон, полный сюрпризов.

A mist covers almost the whole landscape. Everything that surrounds me begins to change according to the season, the days get shorter, the frost rests on the grass, the first mists appear and the swallows migrate to the warmer countries. Autumn is a melancholy season.

Туман покрывает почти весь пейзаж. Все, что меня окружает, начинает меняться в зависимости от сезона, дни становятся короче, иней лежит на траве, появляются первые туманы, а ласточки мигрируют в более теплые страны. Осень – меланхолический сезон.

Климатические условия, с которыми ежедневно сталкиваются жители Туманного Альбиона, привели к тому, что разговор о погоде – это практически вечная тема в устах англичан. Поэтому, если вы хотите говорить на английском свободно и непринужденно, как прирожденный британец, то вы просто обязаны уметь поддержать беседу о капризно переменчивой или, наоборот, упрямо стабильной погоде за окном. Общению на эту тему и будем учиться на сегодняшнем занятии. Узнаем, какими словами описывается погода на английском языке, разучим популярные фразы и разберем принцип их построения, а также проработаем изученную информацию в форме диалога.

В первый раз описание погоды на английском языке встречается нам еще в начальной школе. Часто на занятиях учитель строит с детьми небольшие диалоги о том, какая сегодня погода, и как дети к ней относятся. Таким образом, учащиеся повторяют выученную лексику, а также постепенно привыкают уверенно чувствовать себя в беседе на иностранном языке.

При изучении сегодняшнего материала постараемся придерживаться подобной тактики: сначала изучим грамматический и лексический базис, а затем проведем практику в «живой» речи, т.е. будем стремиться построить собственный диалог про любую погоду на английском языке. Итак, разберем несколько небольших правил.

Важные грамматические моменты

Знание этих норм необходимо для грамматически правильного построения рассказа о погоде на английском. Теперь ознакомимся с лексической частью материала.

Описание погоды на английском языке (лексика)

Итак, изучить слова по теме погода на английском языке нам помогут таблицы, приведенные ниже. Они все разделены на тематические блоки, что позволяет легче и эффективнее усваивать новую информацию. Английские слова и выражения на тему погода приведены с транскрипцией и переводом, что позволяет отрабатывать сразу все необходимые навыки: чтение, произношение, перевод и письмо.

Базовые выражения

Начнем с самой простой лексики. Этот раздел содержит основные фразы и слова про погоду на английском языке для детей, а также для взрослых, только начинающих свой путь к освоению языка. Поскольку на базовом уровне затруднительно работать с английской транскрипцией, рядом приведена колонка с приблизительным произношением на русском языке. В последующих разделах используется только оригинальная транскрипция.

В первой таблице рассмотрим список существительных, описывающих явления природы.

Другие темы английского: Как сказать «Восемь» по-английски, производные и составные числа, примеры

Этот краткий список позволит детям и новичкам составить пару предложений о погоде.

Также предлагаем разучить таблицу-шпаргалку, в которой даны английские вопросы о погоде, и несколько вариантов ответа на них.

Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

[ɪt ɪz səʊ (klaʊ.di/ sʌn.i) təˈdeɪ, izn’t it.

jes ɪt ɪz. nəʊ it izn’t]

[Ит из соу клауди/сани тудэй, йес, ит из. Ноу ит изнт]Сегодня так (облачно/солнечно), не так ли?

Да, так. Нет, не так.

Для младших школьников этого словарного запаса будет достаточно для того, чтобы спросить о погоде или охарактеризовать ее. А всех, кто постарше, далее ждет более интересная и разнообразная лексика.

Прогноз погоды

Наверняка, у вас часто возникает вопрос «А какая погода будет завтра/послезавтра/на выходных?» Этот интерес человечество не теряет на протяжении многих десятилетий, несмотря на то, что иногда предсказания метеорологов не оправдываются вовсе. Но мы по-прежнему внимательно следим за прогнозируемыми погодными изменениями. Рассмотрим, как звучит прогноз погоды на английском.

В таблице приведены популярные словосочетания и фразы о погоде, которые часто можно услышать или прочесть в прогнозах погоды. Впрочем, англичане используют эти выражения и в повседневной речи, описывая погодные изменения.

Хорошая погода на английском

Иногда встречаются такие дни, что прямо хочется восхищаться окружающей природой. В данном разделе приведем список фраз, которые помогут составить восторженное описание хорошей погоды на английском языке.

На такой тип вопросов легко ответить с помощью стандартных Yes, it is/No, it isn’t.

Плохая погода на английском

У природы нет плохой погоды, но неудачные дни все-таки бывают. Чтобы выразить свое разочарование от постоянных дождей или иных капризов природы, воспользуйтесь данной таблицей. Рассмотрим, как обозначается плохая погода на английском языке с русским переводом фраз.

Изученная нами лексика, уже позволяет с легкостью перевести свои мысли о погоде с русского на английский язык. Попробуем составить диалоги.

Погода на английском языке – диалоги с переводом

Изучение языка в форме диалога возможно для любого уровня подготовки.

Детям будет интересна игра в вопросы и ответы. Например, вы спрашиваете, какая погода характерна для Африки, а ребенок кратко отвечает.

Не стоит проводить с ребенком долгие диалоги, иначе малыш утомится и заскучает.

Более обстоятельную беседу можно провести с другом или знакомым. Представим, что вы хотите договориться с приятелем о встрече.

На следующий день вы встретились, а погода оказалась просто замечательной.

Теперь поупражняйтесь самостоятельно. Составьте несколько диалогов о самом жарком, самом холодном и самом запомнившемся вам дне в 2017 году. Успешного выполнения задания и всегда отличной погоды в ваших краях! До новых встреч!

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Погода упоминается практически ежедневно. Мы смотрим прогнозы, обсуждаем дожди, строим планы на активный отдых, когда обещают солнечные дни. К тому же, это стандартная тема, чтобы завести разговор с малознакомыми людьми.

Какая погода сегодня

Ответ можно построить через безличное предложение с подлежащим it:

Определениями в такой конструкции выступают слова:

В конструкции it»s. мы можем употреблять и слова, которые передают ощущения от температуры:

Если мы хотим сказать конкретнее о температуре (temperature), то можно отметить, сколько на улице градусов (degrees), использовать фразы below / above zero (ниже / выше нуля), minus / plus (минус / плюс).

Узнать, сколько градусов на улице, можно вопросом:

Для описания погоды на английском языке можно также использовать прилагательные, передающие впечатления, например, nice (хорошая), fine (прекрасная), dreadful (отвратительная), terrible (ужасная).

Чтобы добавить эмоциональной окраски, можно использовать конструкции «What a. » или «Such»:

Другие прилагательные, которые можно употребить, когда мы описываем на английском погоду :

Построить фразу можно также с использованием глаголов:

Природные явления

Чтобы подробнее рассказать о погоде на улице, нам понадобятся и другие английские слова на тему погода : названия природных явлений и связанная с ними лексика.

Рассмотрим слова для описания неба и солнца:

В качестве определений могут выступать слова:

Сюда также относятся глаголы:

Английская погода знаменита дождями:

Дождь может быть разным:

Со словом rain могут использоваться глаголы:

Если речь идет о зиме, понадобится слово snow (снег) и близкие ему:

Как и rain, само слово snow может использоваться в английской теме погоды в качестве глагола to snow (идет снег). Кроме того, можно употребить другие глаголы:

Ветер по-английски звучит как wind. Для него могут быть различные определения:

Со словом wind могут использоваться следующие глаголы:

Англию называют «туманным Альбионом». Для английской погоды характерен туман (fog). Близко ему по смыслу слово mist (легкий туман).

Какими прилагательными можно описать туман:

Климат

Прогноз погоды

Наши планы порой зависят от погоды, поэтому так важно понимать прогноз по-английски. Основные понятия:

В прогнозе погоды на английском вы можете встретить такие фразы:

Спросить о прогнозе можно с помощью вопроса:

Приведем также разговорные выражения для прогноза погоды на английском языке с переводом :

Идиомы

Сейчас я подберу картотеку слов для темы: “Погода и климат”. Напомню, что слова в картотеке подбираются по категориям. К теме “Погода и климат” нужны такие категории слов:

weather (n) = погода.

What is the weather like today? = Какая сегодня погода?

What weather are we having today? = Какая сегодня погода?

What splendid (glorious, etc.) weather! = Какая великолепная (чудесная и т.д.) погода!

What a wonderful day! = Какой великолепный день!

a spell of bad (fine, etc.) weather = период плохой (хорошей и т.д.) погоды.

weather forecast (n) = прогноз погоды.

climate (n) = климат.

atmosphere (n) = атмосфера.

the air pressure = атмосферное давление.

moisture (n) = влажность, влага.

temperature (n) = температура.

What is the temperature today? = Какая сегодня температура?

The temperature is falling/ going down. = Температура падает.

The temperature is rising / going up. = Температура повышается.

Temperature in the sun = Температура на солнце.

Temperature in the shade = Температура в тени.

degree (n) = градус.

It is two degrees above zero, but yesterday it was ten degrees below zero. = Сейчас два градуса выше нуля, но вчера было десять градусов выше нуля.

sunshine (n) = солнечный свет, хорошая погода.

sun ray (n) = солнечный луч.

sunrise (n) = восход солнца.

at sunrise = на заре, с восходом солнца.

sunset/sundown (n) = закат, заход солнца.

dawn (n) = рассвет, заря.

at dawn = на заре.

twilight (n) = сумерки.

dusk (n) = сумерки.

at twilight/ dusk = в сумерках.

daybreak (n) = рассвет.

at daybreak = на рассвете.

Where is the wind from? = Откуда дует ветер?

breath of wind = дуновение ветра.

gust/ blust of wind = порыв ветра.

breeze (n) = бриз, легкий ветерок.

calm (n) = тишина, затишье, штиль.

light wind = легкий ветерок.

piercing/ cutting wind = пронизывающий ветер.

squall (n) = шторм, шквал.

hurricane (n) = ураган, шторм, буря.

Для удобства подберем слова по временам года:

SPRING (n) = весна.

We are having an early spring this year. = В этом году у нас ранняя весна.

We are having a late spring this year. = В этом году у нас поздняя весна.

bud (n) = почка, бутон.

blossom (n) = цвет, цветение (на плодовых деревьях).

bloom (n) = цветение.

to be in full bloom = в полном цвету.

twitter (n) = щебет.

seeds (n) = семена (множественное число).

thaw (n) = оттепель.

ice-drift (n) = ледоход.

flood (n) = наводнение.

foliage (n) = листва.

petal (n) = лепесток.

blade (n) = лист, былинка.

What unbearable/oppressive heat! = Какая невыносимая жара!

Dark clouds sail/ drift in the sky. = Темные тучи плывут по небу.

drizzle (n) = мелкий дождь.

shower (n) = ливень.

downpour (n) = ливень.

thunder (n) = гром.

a peal/roll/clap of thunder = раскат грома.

thunderstorm (n) = гроза.

a flash of lightning = вспышка молнии.

rainbow (n) = радуга.

perfume (n) = благоухание, аромат.

hailstorm (n) = гроза с градом.

drought (n) = засуха.

AUTUMN (n) = осень.

mist (n) = легкий туман, дымка, мгла.

mud (n) = грязь, слякоть.

crop (n) = урожай, хлеб на корню.

There is a large apple crop this year. = В этом году большой урожай яблок.

harvest (n) = урожай, жатва.

This year the harvest is better than usual. = В этом году урожай зерновых лучше, чем обычно.