What is the size of the united states ответы на вопросы

United States

The United States of America is the world’s third largest country in size and nearly the third largest in terms of population.

FAST FACTS

GEOGRAPHY

The United States of America is the world’s third largest country in size and nearly the third largest in terms of population. Located in North America, the country is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. Along the northern border is Canada and the southern border is Mexico. There are 50 states and the District of Columbia.

Map created by National Geographic Maps

PEOPLE & CULTURE

Throughout its history, the United States has been a nation of immigrants. The population is diverse with people from all over the world seeking refuge and a better way of life.

The country is divided into six regions: New England, the mid-Atlantic, the South, the Midwest, the Southwest, and the West. European settlers came to New England in search of religious freedom. These states are Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.

The mid-Atlantic region includes Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, and the city of Washington, D.C. These industrial areas attracted millions of European immigrants and gave rise to some of the East Coast’s largest cities: New York, Baltimore, and Philadelphia.

The Midwest is home to the country’s agricultural base and is called the «nation’s breadbasket.» The region comprises the states of Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and Wisconsin.

The Southwest is a beautiful stark landscape of prairie and desert. The states of Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas are considered the Southwest and are home to some of the world’s great natural marvels, including the Grand Canyon and Carlsbad Caverns.

The American West, home of rolling plains and the cowboy, is a symbol of the pioneering spirit of the United States. The West is diverse, ranging from endless wilderness to barren desert, coral reefs to Arctic tundra, Hollywood to Yellowstone. The states of the West include Alaska, Colorado, California, Hawaii, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.

NATURE

The landscape varies across the large country from tropical beaches in Florida to peaks in the Rocky Mountains, from rolling prairie lands and barren deserts in the West to dense wilderness areas in the Northeast and Northwest. Interspersed throughout are the Great Lakes, the Grand Canyon, the majestic Yosemite Valley, and the mighty Mississippi River.

The wildlife is as diverse as the landscape. Mammals such as bison once roamed freely across the plains, but now live only in preserves. Black bears, grizzlies, and polar bears are the largest carnivores. There are over 20,000 flower species and most came from Europe. There are more than 400 areas which are protected and maintained by the National Park Service, and many other parks in each state.

The bald eagle is the national bird and symbol of the United States and is a protected species.

GOVERNMENT & ECONOMY

Citizens over the age of 18 years old vote to elect the President and Vice President of United States every four years. The president lives in the White House in the capital city of Washington, D.C.

There are two houses of Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 100 senators, two from each of the 50 states and each serves a six-year term. There are 435 representatives who must be elected every two years.

The Supreme Court is made up of nine justices who are picked by the president and must be approved by Congress.

For the first time in the nation’s history an African American, Barack Obama, was elected President of the United States in 2008. He was reelected for a second term in 2012.

Advances in the past hundred years have established America as a world leader economically, militarily, and technologically. America has the largest coal reserves in the world.

HISTORY

For centuries native peoples lived across the vast expanse that would become the United States. Starting in the 16th century, settlers moved from Europe to the New World, established colonies, and displaced these native peoples.

Explorers arrived from Spain in 1565 at St. Augustine, Florida, and the British landed in 1587 to establish a colony in Roanoke, in present-day Virginia. In 1606 another British colony was established in what would become Jamestown, Virginia. From there, the French founded Quebec in 1608, then the Dutch started a colony in 1609 in present-day New York. Europeans continued to settle in the New World in ever-increasing numbers throughout the next couple of centuries.

Conflict with the Native Americans

While Native Americans resisted European efforts to gain land and power, they were often outnumbered and didn’t have as powerful of weapons. The settlers also brought diseases that the native peoples had not faced before, and these illnesses sometimes had horrible effects. A 1616 epidemic killed an estimated 75 percent of the Native Americans in the New England region of North America.

During this time, fights between the settlers and Native Americans erupted often, particularly as more people claimed land where the Native Americans lived. The U.S. government signed nearly 400 peace treaties between the mid-18th century and the mid-19th century to try to show they wanted peace with the Indigenous tribes. But the government did not honor most of these treaties, and even sent military units to forcibly remove Native Americans from their lands.

For example, in 1830, President Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, which granted land west of the Mississippi River to Native American tribes who agreed to give up their lands. But this broke with other treaties he had signed with Native American tribes in the Southeast. The removal was supposed to be voluntary, but Jackson used legal and military action to remove several tribes from their homelands and ended nearly 70 treaties during his presidency.

By the mid-19th century, most Native American tribes had been wiped out or moved to live on much smaller portions of land in the Midwest.

In 1776, colonists living in the New England area of the New World drafted the Declaration of Independence, a document that stated that the American colonies were tired of being ruled by Great Britain (now called the United Kingdom). The settlers fought for—and won—their independence and formed a union of states based on a new constitution. But despite stating that “all men are created equal” in the Declaration of Independence, the new country was home to millions of enslaved people.

Slavery in the United States

Enslaved Africans were brought to North America by boat as early as 1619. The trans-Atlantic slave trade saw more than 12.5 million people kidnapped from Africa and sold at ports throughout the Americas over the next couple of centuries.

By 1860, nearly four million enslaved people lived in the country. Most worked in the South, where their free labor allowed the sugar, cotton, and tobacco industries to flourish. Enslaved people even built the White House and the U.S. Capitol.

When Abraham Lincoln became president in 1861, the nation had been arguing for more than a hundred years about enslaving people and each state’s right to allow it. Lincoln wanted to end slavery. Many people in the northern states agreed with him; some people in the southern states, however, relied on enslaved people to farm their crops and did not want slavery to end. Eventually, 11 southern states formed the Confederate States of America to oppose the 23 northern states that remained in the Union. The Civil War began on April 12, 1861.

The Civil War was fought between abolitionists, or people who wanted to end slavery, and the pro-slavery Confederacy. Enslaved people weren’t freed until Lincoln delivered his famous Emancipation Proclamation speech in 1863, midway through the war. Two years later, the Civil War ended with a Union victory.

That same year, the passage of the 13th Amendment officially abolished the practice of slavery and ended nearly 250 years of slavery in the country. But it did not end racism. Former enslaved people—as well as their descendants—struggled with discrimination, and African American heroes today are still fighting for equality.

Progress (and Wars) in the 20th Century

After the Civil War, the United States continued to expand westward until 1890, when the U.S. government declared the West fully explored. During this time of expansion, the population grew from about five million people in 1800 to nearly 80 million people in 1900.

The early 1900s were a time of progress in the United States. This in part was because of the number of immigrants coming to the country looking for opportunity. Between 1900 and 1915, 15 million immigrants arrived in the United States from countries such as Italy, Russia, and Poland. The new citizens worked in places such as gold mines and garment factories, and helped construct railroads and canals. These immigrants brought new ideas and culture to the young country.

The 20th century was also a time of industrial advancement. The development of the automobile and the airplane lead to an increase in factory jobs and marked a shift in more people moving to live and work in big cities instead of farming in small towns.

But there were tough times, too. The United States fought alongside Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, and Japan against Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire (now the country of Turkey) in World War I, before the country suffered through what became known as the Great Depression, a time of economic crisis during the 1930s.

In the 1940s, then-president Franklin Delano Roosevelt steered the country out of the Depression before leading the country during the Second World War, alongside allies France, Great Britain, and the Soviet Union (now Russia), against Germany, Italy, and Japan.

The United States’ reputation as a progressive country took hold after the two World Wars and the Great Depression. The ’50s, ’60s, and ’70s were a time of innovation in the nation. In 1958, NASA—the National Aeronautics and Space Administration—started exploring the possibility of space flight. By 1969, the agency landed the first human on the moon.

Throughout these three decades, the fight for civil rights in the country continued with Americans of all backgrounds fighting for equal rights for their fellow citizens. Civil rights leader Martin Luther King, Jr.’s “I Have a Dream” speech is perhaps the most famous speech associated with the civil rights movement. Historic firsts for people of color during these decades include Dalip Singh Saund becoming the first Asian American elected to the Congress in 1957; Thurgood Marshall becomingthe first African American justice to serve on the Supreme Court in 1967; and Shirley Chisholm becoming the first African American female elected to Congress in 1968.

The late 1900s saw the U.S. government get involved in several wars on different fronts, including the Vietnam War, a war between what was then the two separate countries of North and South Vietnam, in which the United States sided with South Vietnam; the Cold War, a long period of non-violent tensions between the United States and the former Soviet Union, now Russia; and the Gulf War, a war waged by 30-plus nations lead by the United States against the country of Iraq.

An Attack on America

Although the country was still a relatively young nation at the beginning of the 21st century, the United States had established itself as a global power. Some people saw this power as a threat.

On September 11, 2001, 19 terrorists who disagreed with the United States’ involvement in world affairs hijacked four planes. Two of the planes were flown into the two 110-story skyscrapers that made up New York City’s World Trade Center. Another crashed into the Pentagon outside of Washington, D.C. The fourth plane went down in a Pennsylvania field. Nearly 3,000 people died that day.

Then-president George W. Bush sent troops to Afghanistan after the events of 9/11. He hoped to capture those responsible for the attacks, including al Qaeda terrorist leader Osama bin Laden. Bush also sent troops to Iraq in 2003, after rumors started that the country was hiding dangerous weapons that the president wanted to find and destroy.

While bin Laden was eventually located and killed in 2011, the United States is still fighting what’s called “the war on terrorism” today.

Historic Firsts—Plus, a Pandemic

The 21st century marked more progress for the United States, particularly at its highest levels of government. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected president of the United States. In 2020, Kamala Harris became the first Black and Indian American person and the first woman elected vice president.

Задания по теме США для 5, 6 классов. USA activities

Готовлю-подготавливаю своих зябликов к страноведческому конкурсу. Наклепала упражнений по теме СОЕДИНЕННЫЕ ШТАТЫ АМЕРИКИ. Быть может, пригодятся. Упражнения для 5-6 классов.

THE USA. Geographical position.

Упражнение 1. Read the text. Find all the geographical names in bold on the first map (Map 1) and complete your own map (Map 2).

New words: border on, gulf, consist of, separate.

The United States of America is also called the USA, US, United States or sometimes America. The USA is in the central part of North America. It borders on Canada and Mexico. It is washed by the Atlantic Ocean, by the Pacific Ocean and by the Gulf of Mexico. The capital of the USA is Washington.

The territory of the USA consists of three separate parts

The area of the country is about 9,400,000 km2. Its population is about 324 million people. The US is the 4th largest country in the world by land area and 3rd by population.

The USA is a country of mountains, valleys and deserts. The highest mountains are the Appalachian Mountains, the Cordilleras, the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada Mountains in California. The tallest mountain the US is Mt McKinley, located in the state of Alaska

The Great Lakes are in the north-east of the country. They are Lake Ontario, Lake Huron, Lake Erie, Lake Superior, Lake Michigan. The largest rivers of the USA are the Mississippi and the Missouri.

The most populated city in the US is New York City, followed by Los Angeles and Chicago.

Упражнение 2. Do a crossword.

1/ The longest river in the USA.

2/ One of the largest city in the USA.

3/ The USA borders on it in the South.

4/ The USA borders on it in the North.

3/ The highest mountain in the USA.

5/ The ___________ of the country is about 324 million people.

6/ The ___________ of the country is about 9,400,000 km2.

7/ The most northern state of the USA.

Упражнение 3. Answer the questions.

THE USA. States and symbols.

Упражнение 4. Read the text. Find the 5 largest states on MAP 1. What are their capital cities?

The USA is a federal republic. It consists of 50 states. The five biggest states are: Alaska, Texas, California, Montana and New Mexico. The capital city – Washington – is situated in a special district — the District of Columbia.

One of the national symbols of the country is the flag. It is also called STARS AND STRIPES. There are 50 stars on the flag – one for each state. There are also 13 stripes. The 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies of the US.

The national bird of the USA is the Bald Eagle. The National mammal is the bison – just like in Belarus. The national flower is the rose like in England, and the national tree is an oak.

Упражнение 5. Study the infographics. Answer the questions:

THE USA. Holidays.

Упражнение 6. Read the passage and complete the table. The first is done for you.

Holiday

Date

What do people do

Is it a national holiday?

Have parties, go to clubs, meet their friends, greet the New Year in.

HOLIDAYS IN THE USA

American holidays are days off from work just like ours. The main holidays in the USA are:

Valentine’s Day, February, 14th:

Valentine’s Day is not a national holiday. Banks and offices do not close, but many people celebrate Valentine’s Day. They exchange cards and spend their time together with the loved ones.

Washington’s Birthday, February, 22nd.

George Washington’s Birthday is not a national holiday. It’s a great day for shoppers. Many shops have sales marked by unusual bargains. People usually go shopping on this day.

Easter.

People celebrate Easter on the first Sunday after the first full moon between March, 22, and April, 25. Pupils usually have spring vacation at this time. Easter is a church holiday, and many people go to churches on this day. People give each other eggs.

Memorial Day, May, 30th:

Memorial Day is a national holiday. Schools, banks and offices close for the day. On that day, Americans honor the soldiers who gave their lives in past wars. Schools, clubs and churches decorate the cemeteries. They put up the flags on the graves of the army, navy and airmen.

Independence Day, July, 4th:

Independence Day is a national public holiday. On this day, in 1776, America signed the Declaration of Independence. People have picnics and parties and meet their friends on this day.

Halloween, October, 31st:

On this day Americans just have a nice holiday. It is not a national holiday. Children dress up as ghosts and witches and go out into the streets to beg. They go from house to house and say: «Trick or treat!».

Thanksgiving Day, the fourth Thursday in November:

In the USA Thanksgiving Day is a national holiday. All members of the family gather at the house of their parents. The family has a large traditional dinner, usually with turkey, cranberry sauce and pumpkin pie.

Christmas Day, December, 25th:

It is usually a one-day official holiday. Christmas is a family holiday. Schools and colleges close between Christmas and New-Year’s Day. People stay at home and spend the time with their families.

Вам также полезно будет прочесть текст Thanksgiving Day.

Summary.

Упражнение 7. Do you think this statements are true or false? Correct the false statements.

Понравилось? Сохраните на будущее и поделитесь с друзьями!

8 Комментариев для «Задания по теме США для 5, 6 классов. USA activities»

Katrin,спасибо. Очень нравится Ваш подход и Ваша работа в целом.Хочу быть с Вами на связи

The USA — США. Текст на английском языке с переводом и аудио

«The USA» (США) — одна из тем, которые проходят в школе, изучая английский язык. Здесь вы найдете топик, сочинение, текст на английском языке на тему Соединенных Штатов (The United States). Тест приведен с переводом и аудио. Сначала идет вариант «текст + перевод», затем «текст + аудио».

The USA – США. Текст на английском языке + аудио

Прочитайте и при необходимости прослушайте текст на тему «The USA». Ниже вы найдете вариант с параллельным переводом.

The United States of America

Пройдите тест на уровень английского:

The United States is considered to be one of the countries with the largest territories. It is situated in North America, an amazing continent with its beautiful nature and diverse climatic zones. The country’s landscape includes both high mountains and flat prairies. The weather conditions range from arctic cold in the northern parts to tropical heat in the southern parts. The main water bodies on the territory of the USA include such rivers as Mississippi, Missouri, the Rio Grande. These rivers provide a sufficient amount of drinking water to supply the nation. They also serve as vital sources of irrigation for farming.

As the United States is ranked as the country with the highest population (328.2 million) after India and China, many people live in urban and rural areas. The major metropolitan areas which are well-known across the world include New York City, located in the state with the same name, Los Angeles situated in the western state of California, Chicago in Illinois, and others. The most influential industries are real estate, finance, insurance, health care and social support services, trade, and other industries. Many top-producing plants and factories are placed in urbanized areas. This location poses certain environmental threats to local communities and natural resources. State authorities issue policies and programs aimed at protecting the environment.

The USA is a highly developed capitalist country based on economic freedom, international trade, and a focus on technological innovation. The economy incorporates both private businesses and public entities. All citizens have the right to ensure control over their properties and labor relations.

The United States is a federal republic that consists of 50 self-governing states and the DC. The US Congress is the legal institution that ensures both law-making, and adequate control over the adherence to laws by the executive branch.
The Constitution is the basic legal document that contains the principles and precedents adopted by the federal government. It determines the major rights of American citizens. In American democratic society, the Constitution guarantees the power of citizens to control the functioning of the government.

The United States is well-known as the so-called “melting pot” because it is comprised of a number of people of different cultural and ethnic backgrounds. People of all ages, races, and nationalities who have got a citizenship status understand the important role of cross-cultural adaptation. There are many special events organized across the country that foster immigrants’ adaptation and acculturation through increased communication with locals and sharing their cultural experiences with them. Among them are music and arts festivals, various cultural celebrations, and holidays that unite Americans.

Текст на английском языке с переводом. The United States of America – Соединенные Штаты Америки

Это тот же самый текст о Соединенных Штатах, но с переводом каждого предложения, который поможет вам с незнакомыми словами и оборотами.

Часть 1 тест по английскому языку :з

Тест по страноведению “The USA”
1.The official name of the country is…
a)the universal states of America, b) the united smiles of America, c) the united states of America;

2. Тhе USA consists оf.
А) 49 states and the state of the Hawaii Islands;
В) 50 states and the District of Columbia;
С) 49 states and the District of Columbia;
D) 50 states;
Е) 15 states.

3. The USA is.
А) а constitutional republic;
В) а presidential republic;
С) а federal parliamentary republic;
D) а constitutional monarchy;
Е) а republic;

4. The population of the United States is over ….. million people.
a) two hundred and fifty
b) two hundred and fifteen
c) two hundred and five

6. What аге the highest mountains in the USA?
А) The Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Appalachian Mountains;
В) The Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Siеrrа Nevada;
С) The Cordillera, the Appalachian Mountains and the Siеrrа Nevada;
D) The Appalachian Mountains, the Siеrrа Nevada and the Rocky Mountains;
Е) The Siеrrа Nevada Mountains.

7. The highest peak is…in Alaska.
a) Mount McDonald
b) Mount McKinley
c) Mount Sierra Nevada

11. The discoverer of America is…
a) George Washington; b) Abraham Lincoln; c) Christopher Columbus; d) Ferdinand Magellan
e) Amerigo Vespucci

12. The USA is washed by …
a) the Indian Ocean; b) the Pacific, the Atlantic Oceans and the Arctic Ocean; c)the Pacific and the Arctic Ocean.

13. The USA borders on…
a) Canada and Mexico; b) Portugal; c) Brazil

йоу йоу йоу география США!

UNIT 6. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

THE USA

The United States of America is the fourth largest country in the world (after Russia, Canada and China). It occupies the southern part of North America and stretches from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean. It also includes Alaska in the north and Hawaii in the Pacific Ocean. The total area of the country is about nine and a half million square kilometers. The USA borders on Canada in the north and on Mexico in the south. It also has a sea-boarder with Russia.

The USA is made up of 50 states and the District of Columbia, a special federal area where the capital of the country, Washington, is situated. The population of the country is more than 270 million.

If we look at the map of the USA, we can see lowlands and mountains. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak is Mount McKinley which is located in Alaska.

America’s largest rivers are the Mississippi, the Missouri, the Rio Grande and the Columbia. The Great Lakes on the border with Canada are the largest and deepest in the USA.

The climate of the country varies greatly. The coldest regions are in the north. The climate of Alaska is arctic. The climate of the central part is continental. The south has a subtropical climate. Hot winds blowing from the Gulf of Mexico often bring typhoons. The climate along the Pacific coast is much warmer than that of the Atlantic coast.

Though mainly European and African in origin, Americans are made up from nearly all races and nations, including Chinese and Native Americans.

The largest cities are: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, San-Francisco, Washington and others.

The United States is a federal union of 50 states, each of which has its own government. The seat of the central (federal) government is Washington, DC. According to the US Constitution the powers of the government are divided into 3 branches: the executive, headed by the President, the legislative, exercised by the Congress, and the judicial. The Congress consists of the Senate and the House of Representatives.

There are two main political parties in the USA: the Republican and the Democratic, though there’s hardly any difference between their political lines.

Vocabulary Bank

Exercises

1. Write down the Russian equivalents.

The United States of America; the southern part; the total area; it borders on Canada; made up of; a special federal area; the population; lowlands and mountains; bring typhoons; a federal union; the executive power; the legislative power; the judicial power.

2. Form comparative and superlative degrees of these adjectives.

Deep, developed, heavy, famous, recent, sweet, old, short, important, natural, cold, long, large, difficult, good, bad, late.

3. Answer the following questions.

1. What are the shorter names for the United States of America?

2. What two countries does it border on?

3. What is the total area of the country?

4. How many states does it consist of?

5. What can you say about the surface and the climate of the USA?

6. What are the longest rivers in America?

7. What is the capital of the country?

8. What states are familiar to you?

9. Who is the head of the executive power of the country?

10. What are the main political parties in the country?

4. Insert the correct preposition.

The United States … America.

It consists … 50 states.

The District … Columbia is governed … Congress.

It is located … the north … the States.

The USA borders … Mexico.

5. Using some additional information complete the table and write down the names of the states and their capitals.

6. Sum up what the text says about.

a) the geographic position of the USA;

b) the administrative structure of the USA.

ECONOMY OF THE USA

The United States of America is a highly developed industrialized country. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry, space research are highly developed in the States.

Each region of the United States has characteristics of its own due to the differences in climate, landscape and geographical position.

Great Lakes, Atlantic Coast, Pennsylvania, New Jersy are the biggest industrial regions of the country.

The United States has a lot of mineral deposits or resources such as coal, gold, silver, copper, lead and zink. The south, especially Texas is rich in oil. The coalfields of Pennsylvania are rich in coal. There are plenty of coal mines.

Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska is the richest farming region of America and it is known as the Corn Belt. The land is fertile and well watered. They grow most corn and wheat there. Many livestock are also raised here.

There is a lot fruit raising area. For example, California oranges, grapefruit, lemons, as well as other fruits, wines and vegetables are shipped all over the States and to other parts of the world. The most important crops grown in the States are also tobacco, soy-beans, peanuts, grapes and many others.

There are a lot of large and modern cities, but a great proportion of the country consists of open land dotted with farm-houses and small towns. The usual average town, in any part of the United States, has its Main Street with the same types of stores selling the same products. Many American residential areas tend to have a similar look. As to big cities their centres or downtowns look very much alike. Downtown is the cluster of skyscrapers imitations of New York giants.

New York City is the first biggest city of the States. Its population is more than twelve million people, suburbs included. It is a financial and advertising business centre. It is also a biggest seaport of the Hudson River. Industry of consumer goods is also developed here.

Chicago with a population of more than three and a half million is the second largest city in the USA. It deals in wheat and other grains, cattle meat processing and manufacturing.

The big cities are New Orleans, a cotton industry centre, Los Angeles with Hollywood, Philadelphia, a shipping commercial centre, Detroit, a world’s leading motor car producer and many others.

Vocabulary Bank

Exercises

1. Explain the usage of the articles and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The US has a lot of mineral deposits.

2. The south is rich in oil.

3. Illinois is one of the richest farming regions of America.

4. There is a lot of fruit raising area.

5. California is one of the biggest grapes raising areas.

6. The most important crops grown in the States are tobacco, soybeans, grapes.

2. Use the nouns in the right form (singular or plural).

1. The population of New York City is more than eight million (people).

2. Chicago with a (population) of more than three and a half million is the second largest (city) in the US.

3. Chicago deals in wheat and other (grain).

4. Other big (city) are Huston, New Orleans and Los Angeles.

5. Huston is an oil refining and NASA space research (centre).

6. By the way, (Englishman) spell the name of the city as Houston.

7. Its (population) is about 1.213.000 (people).

3. Form the words as in the example.

to process meat – meat processing

to process milk

to produce cars

to raise livestock

to build machines

to build bridges

4. Translate into Russian paying attention to the words in italics.

A highly developed industrialized country

Fruit raising area

An advertising business centre

The second largest city

Cattle meat processing

A cotton industry centre

A shipping commercial centre

A world leading motor car producer

NASA space research centre

A flour milling centre

5. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Благодаря различиям в климате, природе и географическом положении каждый регион США имеет свои специфические черты.

2. Земли здесь плодородны и хорошо орошаемы.

3. Выращивают в основном кукурузу и пшеницу.

4. Также разводят много скота.

5. Большие площади заняты фруктовыми садами.

6. Фрукты и овощи Калифорнии вывозят в другие штаты и страны.

7. Значительная часть территории – это равнина с большим количеством ферм и маленьких городов.

6. Match the cities and their main characteristics, and make sentences of your own.

7. Sum up what the text says about.

The look of a modern big city and its downtown

The look of a town and its Main Street

Mineral resources f the country

The state of California

8. Say what else you know about the states and cities of the USA.

WASHINGTON

Washington is the capital of the United States of America. The city is on the left bank of the Potomac River. The city was named after the first President George Washington. The population of the city is nearly three million people.

There are many beautiful parks and gardens in Washington. It is interesting to see the famous cherry trees. These trees are the gift from Japan. They were brought there in 1912.

There are many libraries, museums, art galleries in the city, for example, you can see The National Gallery of Art. It opened in 1941. It has a lot of art collections by the great masters from the 14th to the 19th centuries. It is one of the finest picture galleries in America. The NASA Museum is devoted to the US achievements in the exploration of space.

The Capitol is the centre of the city. The Capitol was built according to the plans of William Thornton. He was an amateur architect. It was made of stone and marble and contains 540 rooms. It is situated on Capitol Hill. Capitol Hill is the highest place in the city. Topping the dome is the 19-foot bronze statue of Freedom. There is a law that forbids to build houses higher than the Capitol. The Capitol is the seat of Congress.

Congress consists of two Chambers: The Senate and the House of Representatives. From the Capitol to the White House runs Pennsylvania Avenue used for all processions and parades. The White House is the place where the President of the USA lives and works. It is the official residence of the USA presidents.

This house was first occupied in 1800.George Washington died in 1799 and did not live in that House. John Adams was the first President who lived in that House.

The White House has 132 rooms.

The Metrorail system is an up-to-date one in Washington. If you want to go by metro, you have to find the letter “M”. The fare in metro is connected with the time of a day and the distance of your travelling.

There are a lot of sights in Washington. It is difficult to find a park or a square without a monument or a memorial. The Lincoln Memorial and Washington Monument are the most famous and nice ones.

The Lincoln memorial was dedicated to Memorial Day – May 30, 1922. It was built in the style of a classic Greek temple. It has 36 columns. Each column represents the state in the Union at the time of Lincoln’s death. But the dominant feature of the building is the realistic figure of Lincoln.

The Washington Monument is one of the city’s most impressive sights. It is situated in Potonic Park. It was erected to the memory of the first President of the USA in 1888. It is called “The Pencil”, because it is one of the tallest stone constructions in the world and the tallest stone structure in the USA. This monument is over 555 feet high. There is the Pentagon in Washington. It is a building and it was built between 1941-1943. Now it is the US military centre. A lot of people work there.

Washington is a city almost without industry.

Vocabulary Bank

Exercises

1. Answer the following questions.

1. What is the capital of the USA?

2. Where is Washington situated?

3. Who was the first President of the USA?

4. What do you know about cherry trees in Washington?

5. What kind of interesting places are there in the city?

6. When was the National Gallery of Art opened? What is the Capitol?

7. Where is the Capitol?

8. What do you know about the White House in Washington?

9. Did George Washington live in the White House?

10. Is the fare in metro connected with the time of a day?

11. Name the most famous monuments in the city.

12. The Pentagon is a military centre, isn’t it?

13. Is there any industry in Washington?

2. Put question-tags to the following sentences.

1. Washington is the capital of the United States of America.

2. The city is on the left bank of the Potomac River.

3. The city was named after the first President George Washington.

4. There are many beautiful parks and gardens in Washington.

5. It opened in 1941.

6. The Capitol is the centre of the city.

7. Congress consists of two Chambers: The Senate and the House of Representatives.

8. There are a lot of sights in Washington.

9. A lot of people work there.

PHILADELPHIA

One of the main cities of the United States of America is Philadelphia. It is situated in the east of the USA.

Now Washington is the capital of the USA, but Philadelphia was the first capital of the United States of America from 1790 till 1800. Many people consider that Philadelphia is an important political centre of the USA, because the USA constitution was the first written constitution in the world adopted in this city in 1787.

Philadelphia is a seaport and a shipping centre of the country, too. It is an important manufacturing centre. Some branches of industry are developed in the city.

There are many sights in Philadelphia, for example, the Independence National Historical Park. You can see many monuments in it. If you want to learn the history of America you have to learn something about the Liberty Bell. Now the Liberty Bell is a symbol of freedom. The sound of this Bell told the people about the first public reading of the Declaration of Independence. It was in July, 1776.

Philadelphia is one of the cultural centres of the country. The Parkway is the cultural centre of Philadelphia. You can see the Philadelphia Museum of Art (one of the greatest art museums of the world), College of Art, Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Fine Arts there.

There are many hotels, theatres, shops and museums in Philadelphia.

There is the Pennsylvania University in Philadelphia. This University has got an interesting and big library.

Philadelphia is a beautiful city with many skyscrapers in it.

Exercises

1. Answer the following questions.

1. Where is Philadelphia situated?

2. Philadelphia was the first capital of the USA, wasn’t it?

3. Where was the first USA constitution adopted?

4. When was the Declaration of Independence proclaimed?

5. Is Philadelphia a shipping centre of the country?

6. What sights do you know in Philadelphia?

7. What is the symbol of freedom in Philadelphia?

8. Are there many hotels, theatres and museums in the city?

9. Can you see a lot of skyscrapers in Philadelphia?

10. Philadelphia is a beautiful city, isn’t it?

2. Fill in the gaps.

UNIT 7. ABOUT THE INTERNET

THE INTERNET

The Internet originated in the early 1970s when the United States wanted to make sure that people could communicate after a nuclear war. This needed a free and independent communicationnetwork without a centre and it led to a network of computers that could send each other e-mail through cyberspace.

Tim Berners-Lee invented the World Wide Web (WWW) when he discovered a way to jump to different files on his computer using the random, or unplanned, links between them. He then wrote a simple coding system, called HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language), to createlinks to files on any computer connected to the network. This was possible because each file had an individual address, or URL (Uniform Resource Locator). He then used a set of transfer rules, called HTTP (Hyper Text Transfer Protocol), to link Web files together across the Internet. Berners-Lee also invented the world’s first browser. This lets you locate and view Web pages and also navigate from one link to another.

The WWW became available to everyone in 1991 and the number of Internet users grew from 600,000 to 40 million in five years. Today, that number is much larger and there are now many browsers that provide Web pages, information and other services. You can also do research, download music files, play interactive games, shop, talk in chat rooms and send and receive e-mail on the WWW.

Vocabulary Bank

Exercises

1. Decide if the sentences are true or false.

1. The Internet first started in the USA.

2. The Internet and the WWW are different.

3. Berners-Lee invented the Internet.

4. One file on the WWW can have two or more addresses.

5. There are 40 million Internet users today.

2. Find the correct word or abbreviation in the text.

1. An address for Web pages _________.

2. A coding system that creates links __________.

3. This finds and shows Web pages ___________.

4. Rules for transferring files ________.

5. A group of computers joined together _______.

3. Complete the sentences (1-7) with the highlighted words from the text.

1. Some people spend too much time playing _____games on the Internet.

2. You can sometimes have a computer _____ that is not connected to the Internet.

3. It is easy to _____ around a screen with a mouse.

4. Berners-Lee discovered how to _________ links between computers in new ways.

5. Some people surf the Internet at __________, just to see what they can find.

6. People use the Internet to _____ information from one space to another.

7. When you surf the Internet, you are travelling in ______.

4. Work in groups. Say which of the following ideas about the Internet are good or bad.

Independent, world wide, cheap to use, expensive to buy computers, the information may not be true or correct, spend too much time playing games, talking in chat rooms, make new friends, visiting many interesting websites, wait for a long time to download Web pages.

UNIT 8. SHOPPING

SHOPPING IN THE USA

Americans go shopping in four main types of stores: supermarkets, grocery stores, convenience stores and delis.

Supermarkets are the largest. They often have a wide variety of dairy products, cereals, bread and baked goods, prepared, canned and frozen food, ice-cream and desserts, paper products and much more. Prices are usually marked on the packages or the signs near the goods. There are usually carts and baskets, so you can carry the goods, which you have chosen, around the store. Usually supermarkets have several cashiers. In general, they are open from Monday to Friday from 9 to 6 p.m., and on Saturday from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. Some supermarkets are open on Sundays as well.

Grocery stores are smaller than supermarkets. As a rule, they carry most of the same types of products, but in smaller quantity and less variety. Prices are usually similar to those in the supermarkets. In general, grocery stores work the same hours as supermarkets.

Convenience stores are called this because of their hours of operation – usually from at least 7 a.m. to 12 p.m. and sometimes round the clock. They usually carry a very limited selection of goods and brands.

Delis usually carry only cold cuts (sliced ham, turkey, salami, chicken, roast beef and cheese) to use in sandwiches, breads, beverages and condiments. Some delis also carry selections of prepared foods and other items.

IN THE SUPERMARKET

Father: Let’s start from the very beginning. Do we buy any dairy products?

John: Yes, we’ll take half a kilo of sour cream and three hundred grams of mayonnaise.

Father: Do you want any cheese? There is no cheese in the list.

John: What about taking some? Just to be on the safe side.

Father: How much shall we take, do you think?

John: About four hundred grams. This piece will do.

Father: Right. Let’s take a packet of milk as well.

John: What about canned goods? We need a can of peas, a can of strawberry jam for the cookies and a liter of sunflower oil.

Father:Do we have to buy any meat?

John:No, we don’t. But we must buy some salami. Shall I ask the shop-assistant to slice it?

Father:We’d better buy sliced salami in a vacuum package. It has a better taste, in my opinion. And what will you say about buying some smoked salmon?

John:I’d love some. Take this pack, please, will you? Now let’s go to the confectionery, I want to choose a chocolate cake!

Vocabulary Bank

Exercises

1. Make up ten questions on text “Shopping in the USA”.

2. Make up a shopping list for John and his father.

3. Write a recipe of any meat salad.

4. Speak about your meals. What do you usually eat for breakfast, lunch, dinner? What are your favourite dishes?

5. Answer the following questions.

1. Who does the shopping for food in your family?

2. You like shopping, don’t you? What types of stores do you like?

3. What food stores are there in your location?

4. Describe the nearest grocery store or supermarket. Are there many departments? What are they like? Is it a self-service store?

5. How often do you go shopping for food?

6. What items do you usually buy when you go shopping for food?

7. What are your favourite dishes? Can you cook them?

8. Who cooks in your family?

9. Describe how to cook one of the dishes you like.

10. What things do you buy before your birthday party?

6. Translate the following dialogue into English.

— Мама, я иду в магазин. Что надо купить?

— У нас кончилось молоко. Зайди, пожалуйста, в молочный отдел и купи два литра молока.

— Можно купить двести граммов масла и граммов триста сыра. Да, кстати, можешь взять еще килограмм помидоров для салата и огурцов, если будут свежие.

— Можно взять маринованных огурцов?

— По-моему, у нас еще остались. Посмотри в холодильнике.

— Да, ты права. Но у нас нет майонеза. Пожалуй, я куплю немного.

SOME MORE SHOPPING

Fill in each gap with a suitable form of the verbs to beor to have.

A.Oxford street … the main shopping street in London. It … a lot of nice shops and department stores. In the shops you can see things for men, women and children.

The shops … usually open six days a week. They … usually closed at 5.30 or at 6 o’clock in the evening. On some days they … open later.

Smaller Oxford street shops … all kinds of things for shoppers. They … dresses, coats, suits, shirts, blouses, hats, ties. In bigger ones people can buy more things: cameras, TV sets, mobile phones. In smaller shops things sometimes cheaper than in bigger ones but the quality … not always good.

Some chain shops … well-known in the country. Branches of the shops … open in a lot of towns and cities of the world. These shops are Marks & Spencer, C&A, Littlewoods, British Home Stores. Some chain shops … their branches in Moscow too.

Department stores … a lot of departments. They sell clothes, shoes, furniture, TV sets, video cameras, computers. Department stores sometimes … sales. Then the prices … lower because the stores want to sell their goods.

Shop assistants … usually very kind and friendly to shoppers. They can advise shoppers on the size, colour and fashion.

B. S: What can I do for you?

C: I’d like to buy a light suit, please.

S: What’s your size, sir?

C: I think it’s medium, but I’m not sure.

S: What colour would you like?

C: Grey or dark blue.

S: Here you are. You can try it on. The fitting room is over there.

C: Thank you. (10 minutes later). I’m afraid this one is too small, but I like the colour and the style. Can I have a lager one?

S: Certainly. Is this one all right?

C: (from the fitting room)Yes, that’s my size.

S: I think it fits you. And this style is in fashion now.

C: I’ll take it. I like it. How much is it?

S: It’s 50 pounds. Will you pay in cash?

S: The cash desk is over there. Thank you very much, sir.

C. S: Good morning, madam. Can I help you?

C: Yes, I’d like a pair of black shoes.

S: What size and what style?

C: Size five and a half, low heel, please.

S: Here you are, madam. Will you try them on?

C: I’m sorry. They are not for me. But I like the style and the quality. I’ll take them.

S: Would you like to have a box?

C: Yes, please. I’ll pay in cash. By the way, can I get a refund on them or exchange the pair?

S: Any time, madam. Just keep your receipt.

C: Thank you very much.

Vocabulary Bank

Exercises

1. (A) Put the words in the right order to make sentences. (B) Fill in the sentences into the dialogue. Act out the dialogue.

A. here fitting room is the

I’d buy a like sweater to

is the over there cash desk

like sweater green I very this much

seldom skirts wear very I

yet I decided haven’t

you what want do colour?

B. Shop assistant: Hello, can I help you?

Shop assistant: Very well. What size do you take?

Jane: 46.

Shop assistant: And.

Jane: I don’t know. … Light-blue or maybe red.

Shop assistant: Will you tell me then if you want a sweater for everyday wear or some special occasion?

Jane: Actually, I would like something to put on to go to college. It mustn’t be too conspicuous, but still I want a fashionable one.

Shop assistant: All right, I see. Do you want to wear it with jeans, pants or a skirt?

Shop assistant: Then I can offer you trying this blue one, or that green one. …

Jane: Thank you. … It suits me very nicely.

Shop assistant: Do you want to take it?

Jane: Yes, certainly.

Shop assistant: … I’ll pack it for you.

Jane: Here is the receipt. Thank you.

Shop assistant: Thank you very much. Have a nice day.

2. Where is it possible to find the following items?

3. Translate the following dialogue into Russian.

Продавец: Чем могу быть полезен, сэр?

Покупатель: Я хотел бы купить рубашку.

− Какой у вас размер?

− Думаю, размер шесть.

− Вот очень хорошая рубашка.

− Да, мне она тоже нравится. Но я хотел бы белую рубашку. Сколько она стоит?