16 what is the relationship between operating systems and computer hardware

Quick Answer: What Is The Relationship Between Operating System And Hardware?

What is the relationship between computer hardware and operating system

The operating system is responsible for managing the. computer’s hardware and software resources. It controls the memory needed for computer processes, manages disk space, controls peripheral devices, and manages user communication with the computer. The difference between BIOS and Operating System(OS) is.

How does the operating system interact with hardware

In order for the operating system to talk to your hardware, it needs drivers. Drivers teach the operating system to interact with each bit of hardware. Graphics cards, sound cards, networking cards, USB peripherals, and everything else you connect to your computer relies on drivers.

What is the relationship between an application program the operating system and hardware

Operating system is an application that runs on a computer to manipulate and control the computer hardware to carry out basic elements of computer operations such as sending instructions to hardware devices and allocating memory to different software applications.

How are hardware and software dependent on each other

Hardware and software are mutually dependent on each other. Both of them must work together to make a computer produce a useful output. A software acts as an interface between the user and the hardware. If the hardware is the ‘heart’ of a computer system, then the software is its ‘soul’.

16 what is the relationship between operating systems and computer hardware

11.3.1.3 describe the purpose and main functions of operating systems

Operating systems

It manages input to and output from the processing unit, run applications and etc.

The OS acts as a bridge between the applications software and the computer hardware. Do users need applications software to carry out tasks? the software needs the operating system to communicate with the hardware.

The main functions of the operating system:

The OS controls the operation of the processor and memory, by managing the resources so that each application is allocated enough processor time and power, memory, and hard drive space to complete its job. In this, the OS is like a referee, making sure everyone plays a fair game.

The OS controls any peripherals, like printers, scanners, barcode readers that are attached to the computer. It will use specialized drivers to ensure that the right instructions are passed in a way that the device can operate.

The OS provides a foundation for all application software to run, allowing software developers to write for an operating system rather than for a computer design, as was the case in the early years of computer development. This is because each OS has a standardized API (application program interface).

Examples of OS: Windows, Mac OS, Linux, Unix, MS-DOS, Android, iOS, and others.

Questions:

Exercises:

Ex. 3 (Author: Dyusegaliyeva Nassipzhan- CS teacher of NIS PhM Nur-Sultan)

Operating system

An operating system or OS is software installed on a computer’s hard drive that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. Without a computer operating system, a computer and software programs would be useless. The picture shows Microsoft Windows XP in its original packaging.

With earlier computers, the user interacted with them using a command line interface, which required memorization of commands. Today, almost every computer uses a GUI (Graphical User Interface) operating system that’s easy to use and operate.

Some people may refer to an OS as «operating software.» Although this is a valid term, it is more appropriate to refer to this software as an «operating system.»

What are the functions of an operating system?

There are many different functions and tasks an operating system performs on a computer; some of these include the following.

Examples of computer operating systems

Below is a list of examples of different computer operating systems over the evolution of computers.

The following operating systems are considered GPOS (general-purpose operating systems). See our RTOS (real-time operating system) definition for examples of RTOS.

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows is the most common and used operating system on computers today, with Microsoft Windows 10 being the most recently released Windows version. The operating system is used PC and IBM-compatible computers.

Apple macOS

With Apple computers, macOS is the primary operating system used with Apple desktop and laptop computers.

Linux

Linux is a free and open source operating system used with PC and IBM compatible computers. Because the operating system is open source, it is used to create many variants of Linux, including Ubuntu, Debian, Red Hat, and Slackware. See our Linux page for a full listing of variants listed on our site with further information about the operating system.

Chromium / Chrome OS

Chrome OS is an operating system used with Google Chromebooks.

Mobile operating systems

Alternatively known as a handheld operating system, a mobile operating system is used with mobile devices like smartphones and tablets.

Android

Android is an operating system used with smartphones and tablets. Today, Android is the most popular operating system worldwide because of how many smartphones use a variant of the Android operating system.

Apple iOS

The Apple iOS operating system used is the operating system used with the Apple iPhone and iPads.

Other mobile operating systems

Other operating systems

The following list contains operating systems that either do not fit into the previous categories or are considered legacy.

Where is the operating system stored on a computer?

With most computers, the operating system is stored on the primary hard drive inside the computer. Computers operating systems can also be installed and loaded from an external hard drive, disc drive, or flash drive.

When installing the operating system, the install files are stored on a CD, DVD, or USB flash drive. Early computer operating systems used multiple floppy diskettes to install an operating system.

What is the history of operating systems?

Over the history of computers, there have been many operating systems and versions. To help make going through the history of operating systems easier, we’ve broken the computer operating system history into the following pages.

What are the differences between operating systems and computer systems?

Computer system is define as the combination of hardware software user and data with referring to communication and procedure involved in between them.

Which doesn’t make much sense to me. Whereas the definition of an operating system is:

An operating system (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common services for computer programs.

Both those definitions seem to refer to the same thing: a system that manages hardware and software for controlling programs.

A list of topics doesn’t help me much, either. For example, MIT’s computer systems course lists the topics as:

While MIT’s operating systems course lists the topics as:

*According to the only answer to this question, this is a computer systems topic?

It seems like OS is slightly more related to software and to individual computers, whereas computer systems might involve multiple computers?

2 Answers 2

Both those definitions seem to refer to the same thing: a system that manages hardware and software for controlling programs.

Since operating systems («software») are always part of a computer system («software + hardware»), and they do manage hardware resources, it is not too surprising that the MIT course on computer systems covers also some aspects on operating systems. I do not know those courses, but from the title and the topics list I would expect them having some overlapping parts, but a different focus.

Text A: «OPERATING SYSTEMS»

When computers were first introduced in the 1940’s and 50’s, every program written had to provide instruc­tions that told the computer how to use devices such as the printer, how to store information on a disk, as well as how to perform several other tasks not necessarily related to the program. The additional program instruc­tions for working with hardware devices were very com­plex, and time-consuming. Programmers soon realized it would be smarter to develop one program that could control the computer’s hardware, which others programs could have used when they needed it. With that, the first operating system was born.

Today, operating systems control and manage the use of hardware devices such as the printer or mouse. They also provide disk management by letting you store infor­mation in files. The operating system also lets you run programs such as the basic word processor. Lastly, the operating system provides several of its own commands that help you to use the computer.

DOS is the most commonly used PC operating system. DOS is an abbreviation for disk operating system. DOS was developed by a company named Microsoft. MS-DOS is an abbreviation for «Microsoft DOS». When IBM first released the IBM PC in 1981, IBM licensed DOS from Microsoft for use on the PC and called it PC-DOS. From the users perspective, PC-DOS and MS-DOS are the same, each providing the same capabilities and commands.

The version of DOS release in 1981 was 1.0. Over the past decade, DOS has undergone several changes. Each time the DOS developers release a new version, they in­crease the version number.

Windows NT(new technology) is an operating system developed by Microsoft. NT is an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows 3.0, 3.1 programs. NT re­quires a 386 processor or greater and 8 Mb of RAM. For the best NT performance, you have to use a 486 proces­sor with about 16 Mb or higher. Unlike the Windows, which runs on top of DOS, Windows NT is an operating system itself. However, NT is DOS compatible. The ad­vantage of using NT over Windows is that NT makes bet­ter use of the PC’s memory management capabilities.

OS/2 is a PC operating system created by IBM. Like NT, OS/2 is DOS compatible and provides a graphical user interface that lets you run programs with a click of a mouse. Also like NT, OS/2 performs best when you are using a powerful system. Many IBM-based PCs are shipped with OS/2 preinstalled.

UNIX is a multi-user operating system that allows multiple users to access the system. Traditionally, UNIX was run on a larger mini computers to which users accessed the systems using terminals and not PC’s. UNIX allowed each user to simultaneously run the programs they desired. Unlike NT and OS/2, UNIX is not DOS compatible. Most users would not purchase UNIX for their own use.

Windows 95 & 98 (Windows 2000) are the most popular user-oriented operating systems with a friendly interface and multitasking capabilities. The usage of Windows 95 and its enhanced version Windows 98 is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly. Windows 95 and 98 are DOS compatible, so all programs written for DOS may work under the new operating system.

Windows 95 requires 486 processor with 16 megabytes of RAM or Pentium 75-90 with 40 megabytes of free hard disk space.

Vocabulary:

complex — сложный

to consume — потреблять

consumer — потребитель

to realize — понять, осознать

smart — умный

decade — декада, десятилетие

version— версия

to enhance — увеличивать, расширять

top — верх, вершина

on top of DOS — «сверху», на основе ДОС

are shipped — поставляются

compatible — совместимый

with a click of a mouse — одним щелчком кнопки мыши

access — доступ

to allow — позволять

multiple users — многочисленные пользователи

simultaneously — одновременно

to desire — желать

to ship — поставлять, доставлять

General understanding:

1) What problems faced programmers in the 1940’s and 1950’s?

2) Why were the first programs «complex» and «time-consuming»?

3) What are the basic functions of operating system?

4) What does the abbreviation DOS mean?

5) What company developed the first version ofDOSoperating system? For what purpose was it done? Was the new operational system successful?

6) What is the difference between the PC-DOS and MS-DOS

7) What does the abbreviation NT stand for? Is NT DOS-compatible? What are the basic requirements for NT?

8) Who is the developer of OS/2?

9) What makes UNIX so different from the other op­erational systems?

10) What are the special features of Windows 95, Win­dows 98, Windows 2000?

Exercise 9.1. Match the following:

2). is the most commonly used PC operating system

3). is a multi-user operating system that allows mul­tiple users to access the system

4). is an operating system developed by Microsoft, an enhanced version of the popular Microsoft Windows programs.

5) The usage of. is so simple that even little kids learn how to use it very quickly.

Exercise 9.2. Which of the listed below state­ments are true/false. Specify your answer using the text.

1) When computers were first introduced in 40’s and 50’s programmers had to write programs to instruct CD-ROMs, laser printers and scanners.

2) The operational system controls and manages the use of the hardware and the memory.

3) There are no commands available in operating sys­tems, they are only in word processors.

4) Microsoft developed MS-DOS to compete with IBM’s PC-DOS.

5) NT requires computers with 486 CPU and 16 M ran­dom access memory.

6) OS/2 is DOS compatible because it was developed by Microsoft.

7) Traditionally, UNIX was run by many users simul­taneously.

8) Windows 95 and Windows 98 are DOS compatible and have very «friendly» and convenient interface.

Exercise 9.3. Translate into English:

1) Современная операционные системы контроли­руют использование системного оборудования, напри­мер, принтера и мыши.

2) С точки зрения пользователя, операционные си­стемы PC-DOS и MS-DOS идентичны, с равными воз­можностями и набором системных команд.

4) Дополнительные программы для работы с уст­ройствами системного оборудования были очень слож­ны и поглощали много времени.

5) Операционная система также позволяет запус­кать программы, такие как простейший текстовый редактор.

6) DOS — наиболее распространенная операцион­ная система для персонального компьютера.

Questions for group discussion:

1) Why do you think Bill Gates, President of Micro­soft Company is one of the richest people on the Earth?

2) Judging from your experience tell if UNIX is used nowadays? What about OS/2?

3) Ask the students in your group who have experi­ence working with Windows 95 and Windows 98 about the advantages and disadvantages of these operational systems.